CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

REPORT
Experiment 5: FACTORS AFFECTING
REACTION RATE

To: Instructor: PhD Hoang Le Son

From: Do Truong Anh Thu - Student ID: BTBCIU14046

Subject: General Chemistry Laboratory

Date: October 12th, 2015

 B. Experimental Procedure:

Part 1: Effect of concentration on reaction time

The solutions to be used are as follows:

Prepare solution A: 0.2 M potassium iodide

Prepare solution B: 0.005 M sodium thiosulfate. This solution also contains starch that will act
as an indicator to detect the presence of iodine.

Prepare solution C: 0.1 M ammonium peroxydisulfate.

In this reaction, solution B will be the limiting reagent. The system consists of these reaction :

Reaction 1: 2I- + S2O82- → I2 + 2SO42-

Iodide ions+peroxydisulfate → iodine + sulfate ion

Reaction 2: I2 + 2S2O32- → 2I- + S4O62-

Iodine + thiosulfate ion → iodide ion + tetrathionate

Reaction 1 is relatively slow. As the iodine is formed it is quickly used in reaction 2,

which is relatively fast. The limiting reaction (solution B) is a source of the thiosulfate ions.
When solution B is used up, the excess iodine formed will react with strach to form a deep blue
solution.

In this experiment, we have vary the concentration of solution A and C. The temperature will
remain constant at room temperature.

Combine the solution in 11 different combinations. The prodcedure foe each of the reaction is
the same.

- Step 1: label 11 test tubes #1-11

- Step 2: place 5 mL of solution B in each test tube.

- Step 3: add solution A ans C into the test tube with the volume as shown in the table
below. Begin timing using stopwatch. Sir the solution with a clean stirring rod. At the
first sign of color, stop timing. Recor the results.

- Step 4: calculations

For example: iodide ion: (10 mL x 1.2 mol/L)/ 25 mL = 0.08 mol/L

 Peroxydisulfate: (10 mL x 0.1 mol/L) / 25 mL = 0.04 mol/L

- Step 5: make graph

III. DATA AND DISCUSSION

1. EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION ON REACTION TIME

Reaction 1: 2I- + S2O82- → I2 + 2SO42-

Reaction 2: I2 + 2S2O32- → 2I- + S4O62-

Calculate the initial concentrations of I- and S2O82- ions:

Mixture # 5:

[I-] = (VI- x CM I-)/ Vtotal = (4ml x 0.2 mol)/ 25ml = 0.032 mol/L

[S2O82-] = (VS2O82- x CM S2O82-)/ Vtotal = (10ml x 0.1 mol)/25ml = 0.04 mol/L

Mixture Iodide ion (mol/L) Peroxydisulfate (mol/L) Time in seconds

1 0.08 0.04 30

2 0.068 0.04 35

3 0.056 0.04 51

4 0.044 0.04 61

5 0.032 0.04 109

6 0.02 0.04 126

7 0.08 0.034 33

8 0.08 0.028 38

9 0.08 0.022 56
 10 0.08 0.016 87

11 0.08 0.01 148

Plotting the concentration of iodide ion versus time: [Note: X – axis: time; Y – axis:
concentrations].

- Mixtures # 1-6: Graph

Comment:

The order of reaction with respect to iodide ion followed: Mixture 1 > 2 > 3 > 4 > 5 > 6
If a greater concentration of reactant atoms and molecules (concentration of Iodine ion increases
and concentration of peroxydisulfate is constant) is present, the greater chance for collisions will
occur among them. More collisions mean a higher reactions rate. Thus decreasing the
concentration of Iodine in this reactions result in lower reaction rate as well as the time for the
reaction is longer.

- Mixtures # 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11: Graph

Comments:

The order of reaction with respect to peroxydisulfate ion followed:

 Mixture 1 > 7 > 8 > 9 > 10 >11

If a greater concentration of reactant atoms and molecules (concentration of peroxydisulfate

increases and concentration of Iodine ion is constant) is present, the greater chance for collisions
will occur among them. More collisions mean a higher reactions rate. Thus decreasing the
concentration of peroxydisulfate in this reactions result in lower reaction rate as well as the time
for the reaction is longer.