1. Study Sources A and B.

Source A
The following American cartoon was published in 2005.

Note: G8 was formed by eight leading industrial countries.

Source B
The following is about foreign assistance for the developing countries.

In a number of donor countries, there appears to be a firm resolve to strengthen and expand
foreign assistance programmes. International agencies, such as the World Bank (IBRD)
and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), are playing an increasingly
important role in the search for new directions in aid policy. Even in the United State, there
has been a stream of prestigious reports testifying to continuing US concern with problems
of aid and development. And yet, despite all this, the blunt fact remains that the overall
‘aid condition’ is one of malaise; that total foreign assistance stands far below minimum
needs in the developing countries; that, in the main, its terms have become harder and more
restrictive; and that aid commitments by the United States, much the largest source, have
been declining markedly over the past five years.
(a) According to Source A, what was the cartoonist’s attitude towards the assistance of the
G8 to Africa? Explain your answer with reference to Source A. (3 marks)

(b) According to Source B, identify two kinds of efforts of the international community in
solving problems of poverty. Cite relevant clues from Source B to support your answer.
(4 marks)

(c) What were the limitations of the international community in alleviating poverty in the
developing countries? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B, and using
your own knowledge. (8 marks)
2. Study Sources A and B.

Source A
The following cartoon is about the Kyoto Protocol.

Source B
The following extract is about emissions of CO2 in developed countries and developing
countries.

Per-capita emissions of CO2 and other GHGs (greenhouses gases) in developing countries
are well below the global average. At the beginning of the 1990s, three-fourths of the world
population living in developing countries accounted for less than one-third of global CO2
emissions. Against this backdrop, some have contrasted the ‘survival emissions’ of
developing countries and the ‘luxury emissions’ of developed countries. Taking a historical
perspective, this differentiated responsibility becomes even more pronounced. Of the total
industrial CO2 emissions since 1800, less than 20% stem from developing countries.
Developing countries’ historically cumulated share will not reach half of the global total
before the middle of the 21st century.
(a) According to the cartoonist of Source A, who violated the Kyoto Protocol? Explain your
answer with reference to Source A. (3 marks)

(b) How did the situation reflected in Source B constitute the limitations of the Kyoto
Protocol? Explain your answer with reference to Source B, and using your own
knowledge. (4 marks)

(c) ‘The conflicts of interests between developing countries and developed countries have
become the stumbling block in international co-operation in fighting global warming.’
Do you agree? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B, and using your
own knowledge. (8 marks)