CONDITIONAL TENSES & CONDITIONAL TYPES
WISH CLAUSES ZERO CONDITIONAL
Express: present time/situations
1) verb WISH [přát si] + Past simple
I wish I had more money.
I wish he could be here right now.
I wish you were here.
I wish I knew him before.
I wish I didn’t have to go to work.
I wish I were (was) taller.
I wish I had some beer, I’m thirsty!
2) If only [kéž by] + Past simple
If only I had more time.
If only she was here with me.
If only she were a bit taller.
If only he wasn’t so arrogant.
If only I had some beer, I’m thirsty!
If I had more money on my holiday.
3) verb WISH (or If only) + Past perfect
Expresses: past time/situations
I wish I had had more luck back then.
If only I had known you were in hospital.
I wish you had come to the party.
If only I had repaid my mortgage.
I wish I had bought him that guitar.
If she had told me where she was going.
If I had brought her with me last night.
Use: Unlikely, unreal and imaginary
Use: General facts & real situations
Expresses: Present time/situations
If [když] & present simple + Present simple
If you heat ice, it melts.
If it rains, you get wet.
If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
If I need money, I go to work.
If I am thirsty, I have something to drink.
If I miss the train, I take the bus.
1ST CONDITIONAL
Use: Likely and probable situations
Expresses: Present or future
If [jestli] & present simple + Will & infinitive
(=Future simple)
If it rains, you will get wet.
If you don’t leave, I will call the police.
If you drop that glass, it will break.
Nobody will notice if you make a mistake.
If I have time, I will finish that letter.
They’ll celebrate if they win the contract.
If I am thirsty, I will have some beer.
If I miss the train, I will go home.
Unless [pokud] = If+not
Unless you hurry, we will miss the train.=
If you don’t hurry, we will miss the train.
I won’t go unless you come with me.=
I won’t go if you don’t come with me.
Imperative instead of the Will clause
If the job is important, do it as soon as
possible!
Come to see us next week if you have time.
Can – can be used instead of Will
If he doesn’t come, you can go home.
We can go out if it stops raining.
2ND CONDITIONAL
(‘’a mix of 2nd & 3rd conditionals’’)
situations
Expresses: Present or future
If [kdybych, kdybys] & simple past +
WOULD or COULD & infinitive
If the weather wasn’t so bad, we would go
to the park.
If he had the money, he would go.
We could go out more if we weren’t so busy.
If you went to bed earlier, you wouldn’t be
so tired.
If I were you, I would give up smoking.
If I was thirsty, I would have some beer.
If I missed the train, I would go home.
3RD CONDITIONAL
Use: Hypothetical, impossible and
imaginary situations
Expresses: The PAST!
If [kdybych(s) býval] & past perfect +
WOULD (could, might, may) & present
perfect (= HAVE+past participle)
If you had worked harder, you would have
passed the exam.
If it had rained, you would have got wet.
If she had had time, she would have visited
me.
I would have been playing tennis if I had not
broken my arm.
If I had known it was dangerous, I wouldn’t
have been climbing that cliff.
She would have helped him if he had asked.
If I had missed the train, I would have gone
home.
You could have come with us if we had
known you were free.
If I had been thirsty, I would have had some
beer.
MIXED CONDITIONALS
Use: to express what might happen
in the past with results in the
present (or future) or vice–versa
If & past perfect + WOULD & infinitive
If I had worked harder at school, I would
have a better job now.
If we had looked at the map, we wouldn’t be
lost.
If I had taken that job, I would be a
millionaire now.
If I had studied more when I was young, I
would certainly have a better job now.
If I had missed the train, I could go home.
If I had invested in that company ten years
ago, I would be rich now.
We could go swimming if we hadn’t been
given all that homework.
If & past simple +WOULD & present perfect
If I wasn’t afraid of spiders, I would have
picked it up.
If we didn’t trust him, we would have sacked
him months ago.
If I was a good cook, I would have invited
them to lunch.
If I liked pizza, I would have gone to the
pizzeria with you.
If she wasn’t so pretty, I would have never
fallen in love with her.
If I was thirsty, I would have had some beer.
If I missed the train, I would have gone
home.