IF & WISH

CLAUSES
 If people eat too much, they get fat.
ZERO TYPE
(=GENERAL)
If you touch a fire, you get burned.
FORM: IF + S. PRESENT,
S. PRESENT People die if they don't eat.

You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.

Snakes bite if they are scared.

If babies are hungry, they cry.
 If I find her address, I’ll send
her an invitation.
Conditional Sentence
Type 1(= If you want to come with me,
gerçekleşmesi
mümkün) he will have to wear something
decent.
Form: if + If they invite us, we will join
S.PRESENT, FUTURE
T. their expedition.
 If I found her address, I would send
Conditional Sentence her an invitation.
Type 2 (= şimdiki
zamana koşul yaratır. If I were you, I wouldn’t say such
Kullanılan Past Tense rude words.
gerçek anlamda past
yapı ifade etmez.) If I had feathers, I could fly.
Form: if + S. PAST ,
WOULD / COULD+ If I were you, I wouldn’t marry with
Infinitive
him.
If she were ill, she couldn’t attend the
meeting.
Conditional Sentence If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Type 3 (=geçmişteki
eylem için koşul) If I had known you were in trouble, I could have helped you.

If they had had a chance to buy a new car, they would have given
us a lift to the airport.
Form: if + PAST
If he had talked to me, I would have listened to him. ( but he
PERFECT, WOULD / didn’t talk to me )
COULD + have + Past
If it had rained last weekend,  we would have stayed at home.
Participle
( but it didn’t rain last weekend)
If she had saved enough money, she would have bought a new
bicycle. ( but she didn’t save enough money )
Mixed Conditional
Patterns If I had won the lottery, I would be rich NOW.
But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not
rich now.

If I had taken French in high school, I would have

IF + PAST PERFECT, more job opportunities TODAY.
WOULD / COULD I didn’t take it in high school and I don't have many
VERB1 ( NOW-TODAY- job opportunities.
AT PRESENT)
If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't
need a visa to work here AT PRESENT.
But she wasn't born in the United States and she does
need a visa now to work here.
MIXED TYPE:
If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be
joining us tomorrow.
IF + PAST PERFECT, But she didn't sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn't
going to join us tomorrow.
WOULD / COULD VERB1
( NEXT / TOMORROW)
If Mark had gotten the job instead of Joe, he would be moving
to Shanghai.
But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to
Shanghai.

If Darren hadn't wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las

Vegas, he would go to Mexico with us next month.
But Darren wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas
and he won't go to Mexico with us next month.
 If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we
saw yesterday.
MIXED TYPE: But I am not currently rich and that is why I didn't buy
the Ferrari yesterday.

If Sam spoke Russian, he would have translated the

IF + PAST T., WOULD-
letter for you.
COULD HAVE + VERB 3
But Sam doesn't speak Russian and that is why he
didn't translate the letter.

If I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to

the party last night.
But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to
the party last night.
 Even if

Even if she saves a lot, she won't be able to afford that house.

COMPARE: If she studies hard, she will pass the exam

AND Even if she studies hard, she won't pass the exam.

Whether or not
ADVERBS of They won't be able to come whether or not they have enough
CONDITION money.

Whether they have money or not, they won't be able to come.

 Unless

Unless she hurries up, we won't arrive in time.

ADVERBS OF CONDITION

We won't go unless he arrives soon.

Unless she hurries up, we won't arrive in time.

MEANS THE SAME AS: If she doesn't hurry up, we won't arrive
in time. 'Unless' is only used in the first conditional.
 In case (that), in the event (that)

ADVERBS OF In the case you need me, I'll be at Tom's.

CONDITION
I'll be studying upstairs in the event he calls.

Only if

We'll give you your bicycle only if you do well on your exams.

Only if you do well on your exams will we give you your bicycle. (= cümle
başında kullanılırsa ikinci kısım devrik yapıya dönüşür.)
 Talking about the present

If only I didn’t have so much homework I could go to the concert tonight.

She has a lot of homework and she can’t go to the concert.

If only she prepared breakfast early.

She has not desire to prepare breakfast.

Talking about the past

If only I’d known you were coming.

I had no idea about your visit.

IF ONLY
If only you had called me earlier.

You didn’t call me.


WISH CLAUSES
Wish + (that) + past simple:
CÜMLEDE «PAST» KULLANIM OLMASINA
RAĞMEN ANLAM PRESENT’TIR.
I wish that I had a big house (I don't have a big
house, but it's a nice idea!).
I wish that we didn't need to work today (we do need
to work today, unfortunately).
I wish that you lived close by (you don't live close
by).
I wish that John wasn't busy tomorrow* (he is busy,
unfortunately).
 Kullanılan «past perfect» anlamı past yapar.
Wishes about the
past
I wish that I had studied harder at school. (I didn't study
hard at school, and now I'm sorry about it.)
Wish + (that) + past
perfect:
I wish that I hadn't eaten so much yesterday! (But I did
eat a lot yesterday. Now I think it wasn't a good idea.)

I wish that the train had been on time. (But unfortunately

the train was late, and so I missed my interview.)

Wish + (that) + would:
Değişmesi istenilen
alışkanlıklar, rutin eylemler
ve gelecekle ilgili
beklentiler
I wish that John wouldn't eat all the chocolate. (John does usually eat all the
chocolate and I don't like it. I want him to change his behaviour!)
I wish that the neighbours would be quiet! (They are not quiet and I don't like the
noise.)
I wish that you wouldn't smoke so much! (You do smoke a lot and I don't like it. I
want you to change this.)
I wish that you wouldn't work late so often.
I wish that it would stop raining!
!!! Wish clause’un öznesiyle yan cümlenin öznesi aynı olduğunda Would
kullanılmaz.
I wish I would ... (wrong) - COULD
He wishes he would .... ( wrong) - COULD
 Wish + to + infinitive:
We can use 'wish' with the infinitive to mean 'would like'. This
is very formal. We don't usually use a continuous tense with
'wish' in this case.I wish to speak to the headmaster. (This
means the same as 'I would like to speak to the
headmaster'.)

I wish to go now.

Other
uses of Wish + object + to + infinitive:
In the same way, we can use 'wish' with an object and an

'wish' infinitive.I do not wish you to publish this article.

I wish these people to leave.