Effects of Hydroponic Plantation in Urban Areas During COVID

The Effects of Hydroponic Plantation in Urban Areas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the
The Holy Lady Academy
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Senior High School Program
Bea Pauline Pablo Anne Margareth Metrillo
Mark Lexter Despojado Jairo Manansala
Casey Nicole Gallego Angel Escanilla
Sean King John Vergel John Peter Orquiza
Dayne Justin Cabilao Hedrick Tomagan
Yudai Akita Harvey Pinlac
Grade 12, STEM
APRIL, 2022
1 The Home of Leading Achievers

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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
We, the undersigned researchers, hereby declare that this submission is our own work and
that, to the best of our knowledge and beliefs, it contains no material previously published or
written by another person nor material to which to a substantial extent has been accepted for
award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except
where due acknowledgement is made in the text.
We also declare that the intellectual content of this scientific paper is the product of our
work, even though we may have received assistance from others on style, presentation and
language expression.
Bea Pauline S. Pablo April 12, 2022
Signature of the Researcher over Printed Name Date
Anne Margareth B. Metrillo April 12, 2022
Harvey Pinlac April 12, 2022

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Angel Escanilla April 12, 2022
Casey Nicole Gallego April 12, 2022
Signature of
the Researcher over Printed Name Date
Mark Lexter Despojado April 12, 2022
Signature of
Jairo Manansala April 12, 2022
Signature of

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Sean King John Vergel April 12, 2022
Signature of
Dayne Justin Cabilao April 12, 2022
Signature of
Yudai Akita April 12, 2022
Signature of
John Peter Orquiza April 12, 2022
Signature of
Hedrick Tomagan April 12, 2022
Signature of

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Sir Ramil T. Ramirez April 12, 2022
Signature of the Research Adviser over Printed Name Date
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success of the study was made possible by the help of these several individuals. The
researchers could not have been able to accomplish the goal of the study without their
contributions. The researchers would therefore like to express their acknowledgement and
deepest gratitude to all these people for their help with completing the study.
First and foremost, the researchers would like to express their gratitude to Sir Ramil T.
Ramirez for his help and patience. His help was important in making this study a success and
ensuring that it could be completed.

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Secondly, the researchers would like to express sincere appreciation to Eng. Ezekiel De Guia
and Sir Jeric Salvador for their participation and cooperation in the study. The study would not
have been a success without their support.
Third point, is for the panelists, Ms. Lea R. Ropa, Sir Christian Afable, and Dr. Filomena R.
De Guia. Their insightful comments helped in the improvement of the research.
Finally, they want to thank God for allowing them to persevere despite the difficulties, as well
as their families for their support and encouragement in completing the study. Thank you very
much!
-Researchers
ABSTRACT
“The Effects of Hydroponic Plantation in Urban Areas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic”
is a qualitative interview research approach in which responses are examined. This research aims
to help the people in the society who find it difficult and experiencing problems when it comes to
food financials. The researchers made every effort to identify the impacts of hydroponic
plantation in urban locations amidst COVID-19 and the other SOPs included in the study.
The target respondents that the researchers selected through purposive sampling had
come from chosen respondents, Mr. Ezekiel De Guia and Mr. Jeric Ryan Salvador are the

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respondents of the study. A questionnaire was developed in a study in which the researchers
disseminated the instrument. Using the data collected from the respondents. Amidst COVID-19,
the researchers were able to analyze the effects of hydroponic gardening in urban environments.
The findings of this study can be advised to aspiring entrepreneurs. According to the data
gathered, Hydroponic Plantation is a simple method of harvesting your own plants at home that
may be utilized to earn money.
According to the data, the researchers discovered that hydroponic has been substantial
despite COVID-19, but there are still certain issues to be addressed while creating a hydroponic
plantation. Finally, the researchers are involved in hydroponic planting and make
recommendations to persons who are important to it.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certificate of Originality ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
List of Tables v
CHAPTER 1- Problem and its background

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Introduction 11-14
Statement of the problem 14-15
Hypothesis 15
Significance of the study 15-18
Scope and delimitation and limitation of the study 18
Definition of terms 18-
21
Theoretical Framework 21-25
Conceptual Framework 25-27

CHAPTER 2 – Review of Related Literature and related studies
Related literature 28-32
Related studies 32-35
CHAPTER 3- Research design and methodology
Research method and technique used 35-36
Population and samples 36
Research instrument 36
Data Gathering Procedure 37-38

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Statistical Treatment 38
CHAPTER 4- Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
The Description process and structural
materials of the Hydroponic Gardening 39-42
Problem encountered and its solution 42-47
Process/ stages 47-50
Product /harvest 50-52
Marketability 52-54
Convenience 55-58
Production if Hydroponic Gardening 58
Hybrid farming VS ordinary agricultural 59
Structural materials framework of hydroponic gardening 59
What problem were encountered in hydroponic gardening 59-60
What solution can we offer to solve these problems 60
Recommendation 60-61
CHAPTER 5- Summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation
Summary of findings 61-65
Conclusion 65-66
Recommendations 66-67

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References
Appendices
Appendices 1: English Editing Certification Form 74
Appendices2: Interview Questionnaires 76
Appendices 3: Transcription of Data 77-89
Appendices 4: Hydroponics Artifacts 90-94
Appendices 5: Curriculum Vitae 95-117

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CHAPTER 1
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
“It used to be hydroponics was just a nod, nod, wink, wink, word for pot growing. Now it
is accepted by consumers as a preferred method of growing high-quality food” (Michael R.
Christian, 1984) which is a good start for the development of producing a good quality and
supply of food. Hydroponic is a type of planting without a use of soil. It is basically a method
where you give your plants some nutrients without using a soil and considered as an art of
gardening nowadays. Hydroponic is a Latin word which means “working water” because in the
absence of soil as the prior source of nutrients, water goes to work. Hydroponic started around
600 BC and it was called as “The Hanging Gardens of Babylon” and this is the first known plant
that doesn’t required soil. Hydroponic can be an indoor plant. The procedure for growing the
plants is you need water, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients. The roots of the plants are
submerged with some nutrients and minerals in a water-based liquid that could be helpful for the
growth of the plants. Plants that grow hydroponically are faster than the plants that grow in the
soil because the plants are submerged with nutrients. These plants can grow in hydroponically

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method is lettuce, tomatoes, hot peppers, cucumber, green beans, basil, and strawberry.
Hydroponic is the type of gardening that doesn’t consume a lot of space, it can be an indoor or
outdoor plant.
Hydroponic have three main topics with the (manufacturing systems, plant lighting
fixtures, and root-region environment), which accounted for 50% of the whole issues, have been
sub-categorized and inductively analysed. Most questions within side the analysed gardeners
associated with confusion concerning the layout and implementation of suitable hydroponic
manufacturing systems. In addition, incorrect information approximately plant lighting fixtures is
a prime a part of discussions approximately developing vegetation indoors. There also are
information gaps concerning nutrient answer management, especially approximately fertilizer
formulation, pH balance, and at the effect that answer temperature has on plant boom and
development. In general, there have been no variations amongst reaction accuracy for all subjects
blanketed in our analysis. However, no matter topic, responses for maximum. As recommended
via way of means of the effects of this study, targeted, open get entry to studies and outreach
efforts provide a possibility to cope with information gaps amongst purchasers interested by
indoor.
Hydroponic plantation might also encounter some problems that can affect the progress
and growth of the plants. One of the most common problems in setting up a hydroponic are the

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system leaks and high-cost maintenance problem, apparently in planting hydroponic plants must
have expensive and good quality materials and machineries because hydroponic is considered as
the revolution of agriculture and a lot people and companies are interested in hydroponic foods
and plants which will be a good profit.
Therefore, although there is a vast amount of scientific information available related to
hydroponic use for gardening purposes, the information may not be easy to interpret by people
with no formal training in plant production particularly in urban area.
Urban area is most commonly developed than rural area. Where you can see a lot of
structures like houses, commercial buildings, bridges, railways and roads. In urban area, jobs are
usually a non-agricultural type such as businesses, work in office, factories and etc. Unlike in
rural areas, the number of the population of people living in urban areas are now larger than the
population of the rural area. The development of community in urban is faster than the rural
because urban areas have a huge improvement of production and they can easily adapt because
of the advance technologies that is using for the economy.
According to Rusell and Norvig (2016), hydroponic plants can grow naturally by the use
of water. Hydroponic is one of the best practices of farming in this current situation. (Gericke,
1937), illustrated that the composition of the roots of plants can be changed by the fluid

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dynamics of the water. Therefore, it can grow for a short period of time because they take more
nutrients than using soil. Hydroponic literature can be confusing to non-horticulturists, such as
indoor gardeners (Jones, 2014). Therefore, although there is a vast amount of scientific
information available related to hydroponic use for gardening purposes, the information may not
be easy to Ainterpret by people with no formal training in plant production. Hydroponic is the
future of farming, because this is more efficient and it can produce fast. (Dickson Despommier).
According to Urban Roof Gardens, green roofs absorb up to 75% of rainfall that can reduces the
runoff and lower the risk of flooding. Through transpiration, the plants can serve as a filter for
oxygen that can actually cool the air and carbon dioxide levels as well as reduce the surface of
roof temperatures. This article stated that the rooftop plants have ability to trap 85% of airborne
through their leaf structures that can turn our environment healthier and cleaner.
This research aims to help the people in the society who find it difficult and experiencing
problems when it comes to food financials. Also, it intends to educate everyone in the society
how to cultivate and ease their daily expenses since they can plant quality fruits and vegetable
without costing too much. It also aims to give respondents a good hobby to enjoy their time
while at home.
Statement of the Problem

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The study hopes to find an alternative way to propagate vegetables raising other than through
land gardening specifically in urban areas. It seeks to discover further the advantages of raising
vegetables through hydroponics.
It also seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is hydroponic gardening? How does the hydroponics work?
2. Describe the structural materials framework of hydroponic gardening?
3. Compare this hybrid farming with the ordinary agricultural
farming as to;
a) process/stages
b) product/harvest
c) marketability
d) convenience
4. What problems were encountered in hydroponic gardening?
5. What solutions can we offer to solve these problems?
6. What recommendations can we give in the practice of hydroponic gardening

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Hypothesis
HO There is no significant relationship between the hydroponic planting to the effects of
the pandemic.
Significance of the Study
This study seeks to inform the community about the hydroponic plantation and determine
its effects in urban areas especially since it could be helpful at this time of the COVID-19
Pandemic.
Specifically, this study will be beneficial to the following:
A. Students
In this research, the students will learn about hydroponic gardening. Once they have the
knowledge about hydroponic, they can now improve their plant production by just adjusting the
temperature, lightnings, water flow, and nutrients for the flow. They will have enough
knowledge and can contribute to the development of hydroponic plantation. In this case, students
can share their knowledge, innovate and develop more the process and procedure of conducting
this kind of planting and help the urban community to try it on their own.
B. Farmers

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In this research, it can help the farmers to have new method of farming that they can able
to use and they can produce plants or food even they don’t have soil and wide space because
hydroponic doesn’t occupy a lot of space. Hydroponics doesn’t kill too much time unlike the
normal soil process. Farmers will have an alternative way in farming and can improve their
livelihood
C. Community
This research would be beneficial to the community because it will make an alternative
way of planting in every backyard of every family. It can also be a great way to relieve the bad
effects of the pandemic and focus on this kind of planting. The good production of food is the
one that can mostly benefit the community. In this study, the community can have a good source
of vegetable and plants. Since production of food is now fast and easier because of the
development of hydroponic, we can help people who lives in poverty line by giving and
supporting them some alternative way on how to be resourceful and to try this hydroponic
gardening that can help them to have income and food at the same time.
D. Urban People
In this study, urban people are the main focus in this research. Urban cities are very
populated that sometimes they ran out some food supplies especially vegetables. Hydroponic can

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help the urban people to produce food way easier than before. Furthermore, urban can manage
planting a hydroponic because it doesn’t need soil and through that people are able to plant it
inside their house with enough materials and supply that might be needed. It is also helpful to
their livelihood once they learned on how to manage the hydroponic planting, they can sell it to
have income and it was also helpful for the pollution in urban areas.
E. Future Researchers
In this study, future researchers can have idea on what is hydroponic is all about once
they conducted research. This is to prove that hydroponic plantation is more efficient and
effective. They can do some experiments to improve hydroponics and gather some of our data to
help them to identify their study. It is a great shoe to step in to make some new fertilizers
whether it is chemical or natural.
Scope and Delimitation and Limitation of the Study
The scope of this study is to produce a good quality plant by using an alternative way of
planting. This research will focus on how hydroponic gardening can be an alternative way to
plant plants without the use of soil and if can be conducted indoor and even in rooftop. This
study will employ a qualitative method which will be conducting an interview on the selected

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respondents that has enough knowledge and experience in doing hydroponics to identify and
gather information about the effects of hydroponic gardening. This research will also focus on
the parameters, methods and its applicability to the location where the hydroponic has been
conducted and if it is helpful during the COVID 19 pandemic. The information gathered is only
limited within the urban areas. In this study the researchers are able to identify the possible
effects of hydroponic gardening to urban areas.
Definition of Terms
Terms are conceptually (a) and operationally (b) defined for a clearer understanding of
the study.
1.Hydroponic
a. The growing of plant in nutrient solutions with or without an inert medium (such as
soil) to provide mechanical support. (Merriam Webster)
b. The use of nutrients to grows plants and not using soil for planting.
2.Plantation
a. A large group of plants and especially trees under cultivation. (Merriam Webster)
b. Planting of crops, trees, and other plants in a big area like farms.

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3. Plants
a. A living thing that grows in the earth and has a stem, leaves, and roots. (Collins
Dictionary)
b. A microorganism which gives you small particles called oxygen to save your life.
4. Nutrients
a. A substance or ingredient that promotes growth, provides energy, and maintains life.
(Merriam Webster)
b. Nutrients are Chemicals that helps your plants to stay healthy and fresh until the
harvest.
5. Water
a. The liquid that descends from the clouds as rain, forms streams, lakes, and seas, and is
a major constituent of all living matter and that when pure is an odorless, tasteless, very slightly
compressible liquid oxide of hydrogen H2O which appears bluish in thick layers, freezes at 0° C
and boils at 100° C, has a maximum density at 4° C and a high specific heat, is feebly ionized to
hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, and is a poor conductor of electricity and a good solvent. (Merriam
Webster)

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b. The main necessity of the living things to save life in the world.
6. Gardening
a. The act, activity, or pastime of planning and cultivating gardens. (Merriam Webster)
b. Allowing minute control over environmental conditions like temperature and pH
balance and maximized exposure to nutrients and water.
7. Agriculture
a. The science, art, or practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising
livestock and in varying degrees the preparation and marketing of the resulting products.
(Merriam Webster)
b. The term for everything that goes into growing crops and raising animals, to provide
food and materials that people can use and consume.
8. Farm
a. A tract of land devoted to agricultural purposes. (Merriam Webster)
b. A place where you used to grow crops and/or raise animals. People who grow these
plants or raise these animals are called farmers.
9. Urban

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a. Relating to cities and the people who live in them. (Merriam Webster)
b. Refers to a place that has a fast development wherein buildings, highways and big
establishments can be found.
10. Greenhouse
a. A structure enclosed (as by glass) and used for the cultivation or protection of tender
plants. (Merriam Webster)
b. A safe house for plants for them to be able to grow and nourished.
Theoretical Framework
HYTODMOD
This research is anchored on the theory of Hytodmod by Amgad Hassan (1995), about
“Decision Model for Hydroponic Tomato Production Using Utility Theory”. HYTODMOD
became to expand a blended pattern for a Hydroponic tomato grower that they're specializing in
with the aid of using the boom and the moves to provide excessive best products. This became
executed with the aid of using accomplishing the subsequent particular goals 1) Identify the
essential key checks to provide excessive yield, excessive best fruit. 2) Identify the suited
premier degrees for the outcomes of every’ check. three) Identify the proper motion required

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primarily based totally at the outcomes of the check. 4) Prioritize the essential moves the usage
of the software idea of selection analysis. 5) Develop a pc selection version to perform goals.
(El-Attal, Amgad Hassan, PhD 1995, Ohio State University). They used software idea to
accurate beside the point check levels. The purpose of this idea is to have excessive yield and
superb fruit. In hydroponic, the temperature became additionally taken into consideration
specially that it is able to be carried out to the roof.
Roof temperature is the body of research executed on root temperature (RT) famous
indicates that it has a big have an effect on plant growth and development, in particular in terms
of dry weight gain, plant height, root amount and form, leaf boom and form, flowering, and
fruiting. There have moreover been several researches executed on the have an effect on of RT
on the techniques of photosynthesis, respiration, water absorption, and transpiration. Root
temperature turn out to be even studied as a manner of overcoming the risks of decreasing air
temperature in greenhouses.
The well-known goal of this looks at turned into to broaden an incorporated choice
version for a hydroponic tomato grower that could prioritize the important movements primarily
based totally upon the opportunity of manufacturing excessive yield, excessive high-satisfactory
fruit. The following conclusions may be drawn from this look at: Five key checks have been
diagnosed to be important for the manufacturing of excessive yield, excessive high-satisfactory

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hydroponic tomato fruits. These five checks have been: (The pH of the feeding solution, The
electric conductivity of the feeding solution, The air temperature in the greenhouse, The root
temperature, The relative humidity). Growing premiere levels for every of the 5 key checks have
been diagnosed for 5 developing levels of a hydroponically grown tomato crop. The increase
levels have been: (The germination and early increase stage, The seedling stages, The vegetative
stage, The early fruiting stages, The mature fruiting stages). A laptop choice version known as
Hydroponic Tomato Decision Model (HYTODMOD) turned into evolved that executed unique
targets. Actions associated with key checks may be prioritized with the aid of using a
HYTODMOD version with an excessive degree of settlement with 4 specific specialists. Growth
Activity Functions (GAFs) may be used to explain the capability effect of numerous ranges of 5
key checks at the manufacturing of a greenhouse tomato crop. An adjustment subroutine of a
choice version may be used as an assist feature to become aware of important movements had to
accurate the unacceptable take a look at result. Successful hydroponic tomato manufacturing is
pretty depending on at the least 5 checks that should be achieved accurately. The choice version
turned into established with the aid of using evaluating the version recur the specialist’s pointers
the use of a randomized take a look at of develop statistical variant which took place many of the
specialists showed the possibility for an incorporated choice version which can offer hydroponic
tomato growers with the important know-how to provide an excessive high-satisfactory crop.

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(Bruggink, G. T., H. E. Schouwink and Th. H. Gieling, 1988. Modeling).
The key point of HYTODMOD is made to help us have healthy high-quality foods.
Hydroponically grown plants are even healthier because they are fed directly from the nutrients
and water. It's a much easier and cleaner solution, and you don't have to worry about any foreign
contaminants invading your food supply or immediate environment. This theory helps us to have
knowledge about producing healthier and nutritious plants that was conducted through tomatoes.
It also helps our country for the production rates.
Theory of Calculation for the Strength Tray Plants for the Production of Hydroponic
Green Fodder
This theory was from Prof. Volodymyr Bulgakov, PhD, et al. “Mechanization in
agriculture & Conserving of the resources” (2016), it aims to develop guidelines on the
calculation theory plants tray strength for the production of hydroponic green fodder. In this
theory they built a mechanical model and the design of the tray scheme. They describe analytical
expressions to change the maximum calculated moments in threatening sections, established
diagrams of bending and torque, changes in the safety margins of the tray frame, the charts are
used for the calculation and control results. This theory can be used in mechanization of

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agricultural production.
The key point of this study is that hydroponic is a valid opportunity for the agriculture,
especially to the areas that are characterized by severe soil degradation. This theory developed an
alternative way such as calculating trays strength for the production of hydroponic green fodder.
It aims to developed the hydroponic system to be more efficient because efficiency is the
primary goal of every business commonly in agriculture. It aims to help the researchers to easily
identify that hydroponic has an alternative way to grow plants without soil. This study also
specify that it was environmental safety, economic viability and social/political equity that is
very helpful to the agriculture of the country and also to our world.
Conceptual Framework
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

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Hydroponic Gardening is one of the methods of planting plants in a convenient way. The
HYTODMOD Theory has the general objective to develop an integrated decision model for a
hydroponic tomato grower that would prioritize by probability the necessary actions to produce
high yield, high quality tomato fruit. This was done by achieving the following specific
objectives: Identify the necessary key tests to produce high yield, high quality fruit, Identify the
acceptable optimum ranges for the results of each’ test, Identify the appropriate action required
based on the results of the test, Prioritize the necessary actions using the utility theory of decision
analysis, develop a computer decision model to carry out objectives 1 – 4, Validate the computer
decision model with experts’ recommendations.
Production of hydroponic green fodder is an important task of agriculture, which in
developed countries is given enough attention. Currently, the world’s developed a considerable
number of various designs installations for the production of hydroponic products, but the main
working body of these installations are trays in which the cultivation of hydroponic green fodder,
as one of the simplest, but fairly effective devices for seeding, cultivation and the ready products.
Due to the fact that each of the trays used for these purposes is a resilient structure which is

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under the influence of considerable forces and bending moments, to design it requires fairly
accurate preliminary and final strength calculations. The aim of this study is to develop
guidelines on the calculation theory of plant trays strength for the production of hydroponic
green fodder. The study used modeling techniques, higher mathematics, mechanics of materials
and structures, in particular the theory of elasticity of plates and shells, as well as the methods of
calculation and programming on a PC.
The researchers will execute the study by identifying the elements and the characteristics
of hydroponic gardening. Considering the equipment’s to be used and the location where the
study will be conducted, the researchers can imply the exact and appropriate preparations before
and during the interview. The interview must be conducted to some respondents in urban area
within the vicinity of the target population so that the researchers will identify the different
methods depending on the location and with that the effects of the experiment will be identified.

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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES
This chapter comprise the effectiveness and significance of the related literature and
studies wherein articles and other references supports the credibility of this study.
Related Literature
Hydroponic is a planting method wherein plants don’t require to grow through soil.
According to a German botanist Julius Sachs (1860), plants don’t need to grow in soil but only

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the needed nutrients are derived from microorganisms that live in the soil. Sachs invented a
“nutrient solution” formula wherein it can help to grow plants in the water that set the foundation
for modern day hydroponic technology. In addition, an American scientist, Dr. W.E Gericke
(1937) described how the method of growing plants can be used for agricultural purposes to
produce a large number of crops. Dr. Gericke demonstrated the changed in architecture of plant
roots in fluid dynamics of water. It allows them to uptake the nutrients more efficiently than
growing plants through soil that cause the plants grow larger in a short time. Hydroponic is very
convenient because it has solutions and other nutrients for the production of plants all over the
world.
There are about 3.5% worldwide that are cultivated under tunnels and greenhouses for the
production of vegetables through hydroponics. This production is to adopt the soilless agriculture
techniques (Hickman 2016). It is widely known that the productivity and quality of crops are
grown in hydroponics system (Valentinuzzi et al., 2015). The presence of many advantages of
this production is undoubtedly significant in addition that the use of nutritional resources
including water are more efficient (Kinoshita et al., 2016; Rodriguez-Ortega et al., 2017).
Soilless cultivation gives opportunity for the agricultural sector. Mostly in areas with serious soil
degradation and limited water. Furthermore. This agronomic practice gives a beneficial response
to a friendly agriculture and a favorable tool in the vision of general challenge in terms of

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security about food. The review aims at unraveling limitations and opportunities about
hydroponic solutions that can be used in soilless cropping systems that focuses on plant minerals
nutrition process. However, there are a variety of some hydroponic solution that can be
efficiently used for biofortification programs to improve the quality of vegetable and it is shelf
life according to the market and consumer needs (Schiavon et al., 2013-2017).
According to Shinohara M., Aoyama C., Takano M. (2010) Hydroponics is an excellent
technology for growing vegetable crops and other plants, but organic fertilizers cannot be used in
traditional hydroponics systems, which generally only use inorganic fertilizers, because the
organic compounds in aqueous solutions have phytotoxic effects that lead to poor plant growth.
Few microorganisms are present in aqueous solutions to mineralize organic compounds into
inorganic nutrients. In this article a new and practical hydroponics method is developed that uses
microorganisms to break down organic fertilizers in aqueous solution. Soil microorganisms were
reared by regulating the amounts of compost and inoculum, with moderate aeration.
Microorganisms mineralize organic nitrogen by ammonia and nitrate to nitrate with an efficiency
of 97.6%. The culture solution containing microorganism was usable as aqueous solution, and
the organic manure could be added directly.
Hydroponic crop production has significantly increased in recent years worldwide, as it
allows a more efficient use of water and fertilizers, as well as a better control of climate and pest

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factors. Among factors affecting hydroponic production systems, the nutrient solution is
considered to be one of the most important determining factors of crop yield and quality.
Hydroponics is a versatile technology, appropriate for both village or backyard production
systems to high-tech space stations. Hydroponic technology can be an efficient mean for food
production from extreme environmental ecosystems such as deserts, mountainous regions, or
arctic communities (Libia I. Trejo-Téllez and Fernando C. Gómez-Merino, 2012).
According to Nga T. Nguyen, et al. (2016) Hydroponics plants responses to nutrient
availability and exposure to toxic elements. Hydroponic system is often used as an example of
plant biology research and also used in other commercial production. Hydroponic system is
made to use to study the plants’ reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses. This Hydroponic protocol
illustrate the Hydroponic system set up in detail and the preparation of the material of plants for
the good outcome of the experiments. Many of the materials that are mentioned in the protocol
can be found outside scientific supply companies, on making a set up for hydroponic
experiments makes it less hassle and expensive. The use of a hydroponic growth system is the
most dominant in situations where in you need to control the nutrient media and when intact
roots need to be harvested for downstream applications.
Hydroponic systems today are very sophisticated; there are systems that will monitor the
level of nutrients pH, and temperature of the water, and even the amount of light the plants are

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receiving. The advantages of using any of these hydroponic systems are manifold. First, since
there is no soil, there is no need to worry about having a plot of land, weeds, pathogens living in
dirt, or treating the crops with pesticides. Water is also greatly conserved due to the nutrient
reservoir because the same water can be reused over and over (Valentina Lagomarsino, Rebecca
Senft, 2019).
Related Studies
Organically soil grown produce is gaining popularity because consumers are carefully
scrutinizing what they are putting into their bodies and want to buy food that is not treated with
hazardous chemicals. According to Rachel Tinker-Kulberg, PhD (2015) Organic certification of
produce grown hydroponically, a form of agriculture where plants are grown in water and a
fertilizer solution, has been mostly prohibited due to the chemically-synthesized nature of the
nutrient solutions and because the growing substrates are usually not sustainable. Frustrated
because they believe this has no bearing on the quality or safety of their produce, hydroponic
growers are now experimenting with “organic” nutrient mix solutions to seek certification but
many are running into problems since these substances don’t dissolve easily and must be broken
down through microbial action which is not possible in a standard “sterile” hydroponic set-up.
Plants may also be positioned on a floating raft, or grown through a medium, into which

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water is regularly pumped. Top feeding also requires regular water circulation, while aeroponics
involves leaving the roots completely exposed but frequently filling or misting the space with
nutrient-enriched water. Whatever the precise method used, hydroponics involves regular
exposure to both air and nutrient-rich water. By growing crops in water, vertically, and in
climate-controlled greenhouses, Vertical Roots and other similar farms are able to produce
nutrient-dense food anywhere in the world, at any time of year, and using fewer resources than
traditional methods (Liam Pritchett 2020).
According to Alfredo Aires October (2017) Hydroponic systems for vegetable production
are nowadays essential to maximize productions and increase yields. Although the technical
issues concerning the production are well explored and discussed, less information is available
about the impact of hydroponic methods in the nutritional status of fresh vegetables and in
particularly in their levels of bioactive compounds.
In addition, The soil less culture or the hydroponics. it is the planting of plants in a liquid
with or without the use of nutrient media. The plants will grow under a controlled atmosphere. In
the recent years because of the avoidance of the methyl bromide in soil culture it emerged
hydroponic systems. There are a lot of advantages of planting plants in hydroponic than to soil
culture. There is no soil borne diseases, soil pest on the hydroponic cultivated plants. And it
helps temperature control lessen evaporative water loss and prevent against changing weather.

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The root and shoot length were slow downed because of the concentration of polluted water and
duration of plant vulnerability to it. In the future, hydroponic can be new technique for the food
production for the world population (Radhakrishnan.G1, et al. 2019)
According to Elsa Sanchez, PH.D. (2020) Everyone in the world knows that to grow a
plant you need a large yield but there is another way to grow them and you can plant them even
without large lands and even without soil and that is called Hydroponic planting. Hydroponic
plants are exposed to light to allow for the process of photosynthesis, and plant roots are exposed
to air allowing the roots to capture oxygen that they need to grow.
The development of both human and social behavior, the traditional method of
cultivating crops approaches to its serious problems. Soil is the main medium for growing plants
but as time passes by, its losses fertility due to the continuous cultivation of crops in the same
method by applying the heavy dosage of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides to the soil (Raviv et
al., 2002).
Urban farming is one of the key solutions to global food insecurity, however due to land
scarcity inside urban areas, implementation of this solution is challenging. To address this, urban
hydroponic farming is introduced since hydroponics is an effective way of conserving both water
and space. However, hydroponics itself is complicated because there are more growing factors

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that can affect the growth of plants. This can be addressed by constantly monitoring the system
parameters; therefore, this study shows the design, fabrication, and testing of an indoor
hydroponic tower prototype coupled with an automated monitoring system. The study includes
an analysis on various parameters such as, plant length, leaf height, fresh weight, water
temperature, ambient temperature, relative humidity, pH level, water level, and total dissolved
solids. An Arduino-based monitoring system was built from scratch and was utilized to collect
the necessary data along with physical instruments for better calibration in data collection. Plant
growth, environmental conditions, and sensor accuracy showed that the indoor hydroponic tower
was a success in terms of its design for urban farming, productivity and performance, and its
automated monitoring system (Sean Tagle, Hans Benoza, Rica Pena, & Aleeza Oble, 2018).
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research Method
This study will be using a qualitative method. Qualitative method is the most appropriate
to use as it helps the researchers identify the effects of hydroponic plantation within the coverage

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of the interview in urban areas. The researchers have conducted an interview to gather and
extract the data needed for the research.
Population and Samples
The population of this study was selected within the vicinity covered by Meralco village,
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan. The researchers have conducted a personal interview with two (2)
participants through zoom meeting who is knowledgeable and experienced when it terms to
hydroponic planting. The participants were asked series of questions by the researchers to gather
data. All of the samples and data gathered were recorded that is used to support the current study
of the researchers.
Research Instrument
In order for the researchers to gather and extract the requisite data needed, the
researchers had administered the following for data gathering: Interview Questionnaire
protocols.
Researchers constructed set of questionnaires and set standards in measuring the
capability, behavior, personality, opinion, reasons and intentions of the respondents. These
questions reflected concepts that extracts information from the statement of the problem such as
the characteristics of hydroponics, how does it work, structural materials, the problems and its

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solution and the recommendation that will be used before and during the process.
Data Gathering Procedure
This study have employed qualitative method which the researchers underwent like
interview meeting.
Phase 1. Crafting of Questionnaires
The researchers compiled a list of (10) questions to ask our responders, Engineer Ezekiel
De Guia and Mr. Jeric Ryan Salvador. Questions given to the respondents are based from the
research’s Statement of the Problem. The questions were arranged in accordance with how the
problem's statement can be answered. The following questions were posed in a virtual meeting
with the respondents.
Phase 2. Validation
To deliver the collection of questions to the respondents, an Interview Questionnaire was
employed. Researchers developed a series of questionnaires that are used to assess and define
criteria for gauging respondents' aptitude, conduct, persona, perception, reasoning, and
objectives. The questions will back up the presentation of the hydroponics problem. The
following instrument allowed the researchers to get precise and exact data from all responses.

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Phase 3. Interview
The researchers will prepare (10) ten questions to conduct an interview meeting with
Engineer Ezekiel De Guia and Mr. Jeric Ryan Salvador to gather information and identify the
characteristic of hydroponic and what are the equipment and tools that will be used before and
during process. The following answers will be the basis for the statement of the problem and will
be beneficial to the study.
Phase 4. Interpretation/Transcribing Data
The collected data from the answers of the respondents were transcribed with the
following procedure: coding, scattered open coding, categorized, and theme. This following
information were processed by the researchers and interpret to answer and verify the statement of
the problem of this study. In this qualitative method, the interpretation of the information will
100% base on the answers of the respondents.
Statistical Treatment
In this study, the researchers utilized Descriptive Statistics in order to summarize the
features from a collection of information that are gathered for this study. It simply describes a
certain aspect of a data set by calculating the Frequency, Mean, and Standard Deviation. On the
other hand, Coding analysis will employ for qualitative method to identify the passage in the text

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or other data items
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The following sequence of data was gathered by the used of research instrument and the
information was gathered by authorized respondents that has enough knowledge for this study.

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This following data was interpreted by the researchers and provides information to solve the
statement of the problem.
The Description process and Structural materials of the Hydroponic Gardening
Engineer De Guia: Ok, you have to have a green house built in order to secure your plants
from the disturbing weathers such as rain or typhoon and strong winds.
On our place, at the school, I decided to build the green house on the
roof top. I put a structural frame to secure the UV plastic needed for the
sunlight to pass through the plants. With a little background of my
engineering, I prepared the materials and asked some help for the
welders to do the job. Now, since the green house is secured, I also used
some pipes, such as PVC pipes, 3 inches in diameter, and others I used
as what we call this 2 by 4 down spout, Atlanta downspout, wherein I
will have my crops, the lettuces, grow. (Green house for protection)
I already constructed the green house wherein I will put inside the
greenhouse the PVC pipes and the downspout that will be used for the
styrocups where the seeds will grow to seedlings and when mature
enough, can be placed on the PVC pipes. First, if you are asking how I
do it, I study first, analyze the seeds, how to germinate the seeds, how to

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have them sprout, and raising them using a medium such as the coco
peat. This coco peat came from the coconut husk, the inner portion of
the husk, was separated from each other, and grinded in a way that it
will be refined so it. can be used as a medium in planting seeds for
hydroponics. (Growing the seeds) (Using Cocopeat)
Ok, first, we have this what we use, the seedling tray, there are various
types of seedling tray. This one is another type of seedling tray wherein
the seeds are sown, scattering the seeds in the tray, then it is covered
with half the size of the seeds then moisturizing it so the seeds will
germinate. (Seed Germination)
Mr. Jeric Salvador:
I am amazed that the hydroponics setup is so great, it is amazing at first
because its higher tech for traditional farming and it is surprising when
your expected growth is unbelievable.
The responses of the respondents in the interview describes the structural materials
needed and the step-by-step process in hydroponics. Furthermore, hydroponics is more advanced
than traditional farming. It allows us to propagate plants in an alternative way, which can be

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done indoors or in the backyard. Moreover, we can cultivate plants using some materials and
methods, such as using sprout and styro cups, pvc pipes, seedling trays and using mediums such
as cocoa peat that comes from coconut husk.
Hydroponic plants are exposed to light to allow for the process of photosynthesis, and
plant roots are exposed to air allowing the roots to capture oxygen that they need to grow.
Nutrients mixed into water include Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Calcium. In some hydroponic
systems, a growing medium is used to support the plant roots and allow for more effective water
absorption to the root structure. One type of growing medium commonly used is coconut coir
(August 11, 2021) Hydroponics: A Better Way to Grow Food
Libia I. Trejo and Fernando C. Gomes-Merino, 2012. Stated that hydroponics is a
versatile technology, that can be built through villages and backyard production system to high
tech space stations. Moreover, around 3.5 percent of the worlds vegatable crop is hydronically
grown under tunnels and greenhouses (Hickman, 2016)
In this literature, it supported the answers of the respondents that hydroponics is more
advanced farming because of the nutrients that the plants could get through the mixed water and
the process of the hydroponics needs light, water, and oxygen. And the use of the coconut husk
could be useful to be a medium for growing of seeds.

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Problem encountered and its solution
Engineer De Guia: The problems that I've encountered in hydroponic gardening is that
you have to monitor the level of the water and nutrients that based
on the reserved water because it can set the water pump for 30
minutes on and 30 minutes off continuous for the 8-hour period that
the nutrients are circulating in the pipes. (Observing the vegetables)
So, if you are going in to the greenhouse you should be clean so that
we can prevent the unwanted germs that might contaminate the
crops or the vegetables that you wanted to grow and another
problem encountered is when the pump broke down you have to
monitor it so that you can see to it that the plants are sufficiently
watered with the nutrients in it. (Rules and preventions)
Now in solving the problem to prevent insects in going into the
plants of course you wouldn't eat a vegetable with a stain in it thats
why you have to maintain the ph level of the water nutrients and
there is another gadget that you will use there for measuring it.
(Maintaining the crops)
Another problem that I've encountered is because of the lacking of

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the sunlight of these past few days there is a problem in growing the
lettuce or the crops thats why I placed or install grow lights above it
to see to it that the vegetables is receiving enough light as a counter
part for the sunlight thats why with the help of solar panel that I've
install in our rooftop it helps for the lights that I install and the
pumps I am not worried even if it is brown out I have continuous
supply of electricity for my plants. (Alternative supplies and

Mr. Jeric Salvador:
materials)
It is when I set up the garden in my room and there are no air
surrounding the room. This gardening really needs oxygen and
transpiration is important because my plants are having a calcium
deficiency.
And I solve this problem by doing the setup outside. (Hydroponic
plants outside)
These answers from the interviews suggested that operating a hydroponic gardening
needs a lot of monitoring. Problems such as system equipment breaking down, unable to get
enough sunlight, oxygen deprivation, and loss of water which can lead to calcium deficiency in

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plants can be encountered in doing a hydroponic gardening which can affect the plant being
grown in the system. They also conducted research and identify the deficiency in the particular
problem. They found out the solution and find ways how to solve their problem. Like for
example, the problem of Mr. Jeric Salvador, his hydroponic plants had a calcium deficiency
because his setup was located at his room which it has no enough oxygen for the plants. His
solution is that he change the setup of his hydroponic plants and take it outside.
According to Sean Tangle, et al, 2018, hydroponic gardening is complicated, there are
factors that can affect the plant growth and it requires constant monitoring of the system itself.
Moreover, Valentina Lagomarsino and Rebecca Senft 2019, stated that some system monitors
the nutrients pH level, water temperature, and the amount of light the plants are getting.
Therefore, hydroponic gardening can be very high maintenance to operate.
The following categorized data are the information about the process/stage’s
product/harvest, marketability, convenience of the hydroponic gardening. This category
informed the stated question from the interview meeting of the respondents.
RESPONSE
OBSERVING SAFENESS
HYDROPONIC AND TROUBLES IN PLANT
SEED AND
S PRODUCT PRODUCTION
GERMINATION CLEANLINESS
ORIENTATION CONCLUSION

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CONSTRUCTING INDOOR SETUP SAFENESS RESPONSE OF DIFFICULTIES IN DIY
GREENHOUSE AND THE PLANTS
PREVENTION PLANT HARVESTING
GROWING THE HYDROPONICS PRODUCT DIFFICULTIES
SEEDS PLANTS RULES AND OUTCOME
OUTSIDE PREVENTIONS PLANT SENSITIVITY
SEED HYDROPONIC
GERMINATION CLASSIFIED CLEAN AND SYSTEM REDEMPTION
GREENERIES SAFE FOOD
SELF- PRODUCTION SUPPLY OF UNAVAILABLE
SUFFICIENT VEGETABLES EQUIPMENTS
SEEDS
COCO PEAT
HARDENING
NUTRIENT
CIRCULATION
OBSERVING THE
VEGETABLES
OBSERVING THE
VEGETABLES
MAINTANING
THE CROPS
SUN EXPOSURE
CONSTANT
MONITORING
TIME FOR THE

PREPARATIONS
SEED
MATURATION
GROWTH OF
PLANT

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LEARNING ALTERNATIVE AND
EXPENSES IN BENEFITS AND
THROUGH REUSABLE SUPPLIES AND
MATERIALS EFFICIENCY
YOUTUBE EQUIPMENTS
DETERMINED USING COCOPEAT MATERIAL AFFORDABLE PRICE
INVESTMENT
EAGER TO LEARN GREEN HOUSE FOR REUSABLE MATERIALS
PROTECTION BUYING ONLINE
YOUTUBE INDOOR HYDROPONICS MARKETABLE QUALITY
INFLUENCE ALTERNATIVE SUPPLIES
AND MATERIALS TOTAL EXPENSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL
INDOOR HYDROPONICS BENEFITS
ELECTRICAL
CONSUMPTION EASY PLANTING
MONITORING
UV RAYS
CONSUMPTION HIGH-TECH FARMING
HIGH GROWTH AND

YIELDS
BENEFICIAL FOR BUSINESS
BENEFICAL FOR STUDENTS

FUTURE STUDY
EASY AND EFFECTIVE

PLANT PRODUCTION
PROCESS/STAGES
Engineer De Guia: -you have to have a green house built in order to secure your plants
from the disturbing weathers such as rain or typhoon and strong
winds.On our place, at the school, I decided to build the green
house on the roof top. I put a structural frame to secure the UV plastic
needed for the sunlight to pass through the plants. With a little

SirRamilRamirez
background of my engineering, I prepared the materials and asked
some help for the welders to do the job. Now, since the green house is
secured, I also used some pipes, such as PVC pipes, 3 inches in
diameter, and others I used as what we call this 2 by 4 down spout,
Atlanta downspout, wherein I will have my crops, the lettuces, grow.
-I already constructed the green house wherein I will put inside the
greenhouse the PVC pipes and the downspout that will be used for the
styrocups where the seeds will grow to seedlings and when mature
enough, can be placed on the PVC pipes. First, if you are asking how I
do it, I study first, analyze the seeds, how to germinate the seeds, how
to have them sprout, and raising them using a medium such as the coco
peat. This coco peat came from the coconut husk, the inner portion of
the husk, was separated from each other, and grinded in an away that it
will be refined so it. Can be used as a medium in planting seeds for
hydroponics.
-To construct a greenhouse like what I did in the rooftop measuring 6.5
by 5. Preparing all the structure like tubular and cutting the sizes of it
before it was welded. I will say constructing a greenhouse would take a
month, almost four weeks. Because it was not so hard to construct the
structure of it. Now for the complete hydroponic system inside the
greenhouse. When we construct It, it took us around also a month
because we have to draw holes on the (dams….) and PVC pipes we

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use, then we construct the reservoirs, where in the water nutrient will
be stuck so that the water circulates with the pump.
-we have this what we use, the seedling tray, there are various types of
seedling tray. This one is another type of seedling tray wherein the
seeds are sown, scattering the seeds in the tray, then it is covered with
Mr. Salvador:
half the size of the seeds then moisturizing it so the seeds will
germinate.
-I try DIY but it was difficult for me to do the set up plus it was
expensive when you use low quality materials because you will buy
again if it is damaged immediately.
-So, I search in the Facebook if there is someone creating indoor
hydroponics then a saw the engineer, then I asked the engineer to
create for me. Then after 7 days the materials are delivered to me and
they set up it here in the house.
-I am amazed that the hydroponics setup is so great, it is amazing at
first because its higher tech for Traditional farming and it is surprising
when your expected growth is unbelievable.
According to the Respondents, it is difficult doing hydroponics by yourself. It is
significant to have someone who can help you constructing your own greenhouse. You need to

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have spatial knowledge in terms of creating your own hydroponics system. With our
respondents’ background, they were able to achieve their desired hydroponics structure. It is
amazing how high-tech hydroponics is with our society today, you can use this as a business and
earn from it. Hence, this process will take a lot of time and effort.
Julius Sachs (1860) stated that plants doesn’t need to grow in soil but only the needed
nutrients are derived from microorganisms that live in the soil. Dr. W.E Gericke (1937)
described how the method of growing plants can be used for agricultural purposes to produce a
large number of crops. According to (Hickman 2016), there are about 3.5% worldwide that are
cultivated under tunnels and greenhouses for the production of vegetables through hydroponics.
This production is to adopt the soilless agriculture techniques.
Furthermore, (Valentinuzzi et., al 2015) asserted that, it is widely known that the
productivity and quality of crops are grown in hydroponics system. As reported by (Liam
Pritchett 2020), by growing crops in water, vertically, and in climate-controlled greenhouses,
Vertical Roots and other similar farms are able to produce nutrient-dense food anywhere in the
world, at any time of year, and using fewer resources than traditional methods.
PRODUCT/HARVEST
Engineer De Guia: -We start at the seeds; we germinate the seed usually it takes 2 to 3 days.

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on the fourth the we introduce the seeds to sunlight, 5th and 6th day it
depends on the growth of the plant that you see if it healthy enough and
if it’s you could let it sit in the sun for the whole day. And of course, you
need to water it carefully. And on the 6th day you'll put it in a container
(like styrobowl, styrocup, or styrobox) and it needs to be filled at least
an inch of wanted nutrients. then on the 8th to 10th day it will show the
sign of the food nutrients and you could transplant it on the 12th to 15th
day to complete its hardening and also you could put it in the
hydroponic system where the needed nutrients flows and from that the
plant will grow and be healthy rapidly and on the 15th to 20th day it will
ready to be harvest. And I would say that it depends on what crops are
planting but the minimum was 30 days and the maximum was 45 days
unlike planting at soil it usually takes 50 to 60 days because hydroponics
was was immersed with the water nutrients so that is why it was very
Mr. Salvador:
quick to grow.
-For me it was excellent since there is a lack of supply in vegetables also
the vegetables in the markets were expensive. So, I decided to do
hydroponics because i also have business and I can easily use my crops

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to my business and I could say that my crops are good and marketable.
The respondents stated that, seed germination takes for days. The seeds need sunlight and
you have to water them generously. After the seeds sprout, transfer them into a styrocup and fill
them with nutrients. After a few days they will show signs of nutrients, therefore you can
transplant them to complete their hardening. You need to have patience when it comes to
observation, therefore you need the luxury of time when doing hydroponic gardening. Overall, it
will take a month or two before you can harvest.
(Libia I. Trejo-Téllez and Fernando C. Gómez-Merino 2012) said that, hydroponic
technology can be an efficient mean for food production from extreme environmental
ecosystems such as deserts, mountainous regions, or arctic communities. (Kinoshita et., 2016;
Rodriguez-Ortega et., 2017) expressed that the presence of many advantages of this production is
undoubtedly significant in addition that the use of nutritional resources including water are more
efficient.
MARKETABILITY
Engineer De Guia: -At the start, people are glamouring for vegetables. The marketability of
hydroponics is good, you can sell the lettuce for 35 pesos each or 3 for

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100 while others sell it at 35 pesos per crop. Some buyers also want to
buy lettuce that comes from the Styrofoam cup then I will let them
borrow my Styrofoam box that has lettuce and for weeks they can still
use it and if they want to eat it, they will just get a piece of it that is still
fresh. Within the marketability as of now, I can’t really tell its status
because there’s also a lot of people that is also using hydroponics.
Usually, some supermarkets they would go on with the growers of
hydroponics because of its sustainability and market availability. They
grow lettuce on a full-grown scale with complete personnel that is
handling it. As of now, the marketability of lettuce increases because of
the samgyupsal trend but the good thing about this is that if you have a
good quality products or plants, it will surely have a good market and
people will always go on the freshness of your product. I can’t really say
of it is excellent nowadays but it is not worse. Like for example in my
hydroponics plants, I will say that it is useful to our food production in
our house, if you need food, you can get one, if you have visitors, you
can give them while in market, you need to have a handler for your

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products or plants.
-With a proper learning and guidance one of us will be interested well
especially when you're at home you can do hydroponics on your own
self even in small numbers let say 10 cups and you will use styro box is
okay and when you grow it up, we'll say this month you can use it and
this will be continuous. And this is what motivates me the most when it
Mr. Salvador:
comes on doing hydroponics well because it is good to our students to
learn especially when they're at home they have preoccupation it's good
at feeling when your done in this work and you finally harvested the
product.
-if the farmer is willing to change their way of farming. They are scared
to try this hydroponics because the setup is too expensive and their
knowledge is too inadequate but if the government will support this will
be good. But I know that our department of agriculture has giving them
allowance to start hydroponics.
Hydroponics is not obsolete. Because it produces vegetables such as lettuce, you can also
harvest strawberry in hydroponics. You can sell them at a reasonable price or wholesale.

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Marketability of hydroponics increases because of the popular Korean dish, “samgyeopsal”.
Therefore, Hydroponics has a high marketability and will not go out of date.
Alfredo Aires October (2017) stated that, Hydroponic systems for vegetable production
are nowadays essential to maximize productions and increase yields. (Radhakrishnan.G1, et al.
2019) presumed, In the future, hydroponic can be new technique for the food production for the
world population.
CONVENIENCE
Mr. Salvador -It is efficient. But in my first trial there are some trial and errors I do
even have tip burns not every plant grows perfectly I do experience
some magnesium deficiency but eventually if you already know what
you are doing the plants will now grow exactly how you wanted.
-The advantages of hydonics are that hydroponics has high growth and
yield, which means the weight is higher. Hydroponics uses less soil
because I use cocoa pit and horticultural foam. Lastly, hydroponics uses
less than 80% water than traditional farming

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Engineer De Guia -We are talking about the advantages of hydroponics. It is clean. Second,
it is easier to grow than growing lettuce or other crops in the soil.
-you can easily monitor it on a day-to-day basis since it is in the
greenhouse, and that greenhouse is secured so that it is very closed with
a proper net. And any insects that would destroy or harm the crops'
cleanliness cannot enter.
-Hydroponics gardening currently exists tremendously efficient in terms
of monitoring the right nutrients in addition to measuring the right ph.
level in addition to also proper maintenance if you observe any parasites
on an object belonging to you, that object being your plants just spray it
with hydrogen peroxide which currently exists food safe i usually check
an object belonging to me, that object being my plants just as early just
as 5:30 owing to the fact that there's still a shade of night at that object
over there time. You don't want to wake up around 6:30 owing to the
fact that the sun will show up which makes the parasites hide that object
over there currently exists not visible on our eyes if the reader woke up
5:00 or 5:30 just use flashlight so you can see other parasites that is

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hiding.
Hydroponics is clean and is easier to grow compared to the traditional farming. It also
uses less soil and less water, which is convenient for conservative people. It can be easily
monitored, which means it is low maintenance in terms of monitoring. This type of gardening is
advisable to those people who doesn’t want to put so much effort in gardening. This is very
comparable to the traditional way of agriculture; it is much safer and cleaner.
Sean Tagle, Hans Benoza, Rica Pena, & Aleeza Oble (2018) mentioned, Urban farming
is one of the key solutions to global food insecurity, however due to land scarcity inside urban
areas, implementation of this solution is challenging. To address this, urban hydroponic farming
is introduced since hydroponics is an effective way of conserving both water and space.
According to Rachel Tinker-Kulberg, PhD (2015) Organically soil grown produce is
gaining popularity because consumers are carefully scrutinizing what they are putting into their
bodies and want to buy food that is not treated with hazardous chemicals. Organic certification of
produce grown hydroponically, a form of agriculture where plants are grown in water and a
fertilizer solution, has been mostly prohibited due to the chemically-synthesized nature of the
nutrient solutions and because the growing substrates are usually not sustainable.

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Furthermore, Valentina Lagomarsino, Rebecca Senft (2019) declared, hydroponic
systems today are very sophisticated; there are systems that will monitor the level of nutrients
pH, and temperature of the water, and even the amount of light the plants are receiving.
Shinohara M., Aoyama C., Takano M. (2010) Implied that, Hydroponics is an excellent
technology for growing vegetable crops and other plants, but organic fertilizers cannot be used in
traditional hydroponics systems, that only uses inorganic fertilizers because the organic
compounds in aqueous solutions have phytotoxic effects that lead the poor plant growth.
Structural
What problems
Production of materials Hybrid farming What solutions can
were encountered
Hydroponic framework of VS Ordinary we offer to solve
in hydroponic
Gardening hydroponic agricultural these problems?
gardening?
gardening
OBSERVING SEED ALTERNATIVE EXPENSES IN TROUBLES IN SAFENESS AND

GERMINATION AND REUSABLE MATERIALS PLANT CLEANLINESS
SUPPLIES AND PRODUCTION
LEARNING EQUIPMENTS HYDROPONICS
THROUGH ORIENTATION
YOUTUBE
BENEFITS AND
RESPONSE AND EFFICIENCY
PRODUCT
CONCLUSION
The following themed data from categories simplifies the interpretation of the answers

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from the respondents. The recommendation of the authorized respondents and researchers about
the hydroponic gardening.
Production of Hydroponic Gardening
"Production of Hydroponic Gardening" this title focuses on the process, the step by step
on how to start Hydroponics. With the basic knowledge and information, it would lead to a
motivation to start Hydroponics and because of the influence it will give the person satisfaction
and joy for owning or making Hydroponics. The main purpose of this title is to keep it consistent
by following all the rules and steps one by one it may be a slow start, but you will see a strong
finish.
Hybrid farming VS Ordinary agricultural
Hybrid Farming Vs Ordinary Agricultural in this title, it's all about comparison between
the two. One Hybrid Farming is about Plant hybrids are created when the pollen from one kind
of plant is used to pollinate an entirely different variety, resulting in a new plant altogether.
While Ordinary Agricultural is a significant amount of chemical and energy input is required in
ordinary agriculture to produce the highest possible yield of crops. The purpose is to think
outside of the box so that's why there's a comparison between the two to know exactly the pros

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and cons of each side.
Structural materials framework of hydroponic gardening
Structural materials framework of Hydroponic gardening emphasizes the importance of
the right use of tools and equipment. Alternative and Reusable Supplies and Equipment’s is very
important because sometimes it's not always perfect, sometimes you will experience some
malfunctions and error so you have to think another option on how to solve or fix it. The purpose
of this study is to think and focus on the structures same as the plants you can't just have
knowledge about plants but didn't know any tools & equipment.
What problems were encountered in hydroponic gardening?
In every process a problem should be expected. A problem or an error will serve as your
guide to make your outcome successful. In this process, the respondents also encountered some
problems that affects their product or plants. As they identify the inadequacy to their product,
step by step they learned how to make their product successful.
What solutions can we offer to solve these problems?
The solution to these particular problems that has been encountered is about the safeness
and cleanliness. In this category, the importance of being safe and clean in your product serves as
a big role to your process. Once you’ve learned this process clearly, following the proper rules

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and guidelines, and having a clean and safe production will surely have a great quality and clean
product of hydroponic gardening.
Recommendation
As the researchers completed the interview, recommendations to different aspects have
been formulated. In terms of production of hydroponic gardening, the researchers recommend to
observed the seed germination, study and learn from different mediums such as YouTube and
make a response and product conclusion. When it comes to structural materials framework of
hydroponic gardening, the researchers recommend an alternative and reusable supplies and
equipment for gardening. In terms of hybrid farming vs ordinary agricultural planting, the
researchers recommend to monitor the following aspects such as expenses in materials,
hydroponics orientation and discussion of the benefits and efficiency. As the problems were
encountered in hydroponic gardening like troubles in plant production, the researchers come up
with the solution and recommend to maintain the safeness and cleanliness of the work
environment since hydroponic gardening is more critical compare to ordinary planting. Troubles
will be avoided as long as the rules and guidelines will be strictly followed.
CHAPTER 5

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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary, conclusion, and recommendation of the study. This
study was conducted to identify the effects of hydroponic gardening to urban areas.
This study used a purposive sampling, a form of non-probability sampling which the
researchers have the ability to rely on their own judgement to choose a respondent that has
enough knowledge to contribute with this study. The researchers invited two (2) interviewees
who have a good background and experience about hydroponic gardening.
The researchers used an interview questionnaire type instrument to gather information
and data about their insights and experiences to identify the effects of the hydroponic gardening
to urban areas. The information gathered was interpreted by the following procedure: coding,
scattered open coding, categorized, and theme in which the researchers are able to identify and
interpret their responses.
Summary of Findings
1. What is hydroponic gardening? How does the hydroponics work?
Based on the findings of the study, hydroponic gardening is a system which is more

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advanced than the traditional way of farming. It is said as a versatile technology that can be built
through backyard production system to high tech space stations. Hydroponic gardening allows
the ability to cultivate plants in an alternative way by being a soil-less way of farming which can
be settled indoors and outdoors.
The findings revealed that the process of hydroponic begins with the use of coconut husk
which is a great medium for growing or germinating the plants. Then afterwards, it gets the
necessary nutrients for the plants through the water mixed with the nutrients such as Phosphorus,
Nitrogen, and Calcium which the plants need. Hydroponic involves the process of
photosynthesis, root exposure, and nutrients mixed into the water which is essential for the
system to function. This process requires light, water, and oxygen for it to work.
2. Describe the structural materials framework of hydroponic gardening?
Based on the gathered data, The structural framework of hydroponic gardening is composed
by a greenhouse with UV plastic to let the sunlight pass through and the seeds that is germinating
inside a styrocups or a seedling tray to protected them from disturbing weathers and a coconut
husk is use as medium to seedlings that still germinating and the PVC pipes is use as the place
where you put the matured seeds.
3. Compare this hybrid farming with the ordinary agricultural farming

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According to the responses that we gathered in comparing hydroponics with ordinary
agricultural farming in terms of;
a) process/stages, according to the study figures, before constructing hydroponics, it is
necessary to have enough knowledge and a better plan before constructing your hydroponics.
Also, it is necessary to have someone that can help you with constructing your own greenhouses.
b) Product/harvest: As stated in the responses, it is important that you have enough patience
in observing and waiting for the plant to sprout. Although hydroponics is high-tech farming,
there's also a method of hydroponic that needs time and patience, just like seed germination.
Seed germination takes about a week. It needs enough water and sunlight to sprout. Right after
the seeds sprout, you can transfer them into styrocups and fill them with nutrients.
c) Marketability, according to the study figure, the marketability of hydroponics is high due
to the fact that it produces a lot of vegetables and can be sold at reasonable prices. The
marketability of hydroponics nowadays has increased since hydroponics is the new source of
lettuce for the Korean dish called "samgyeopsal.”
d) Convenience, based on the interview response, it reveals all of the convenience of
hydroponics. Furthermore, hydroponics is convenient because it is easily monitored and low-
maintenance. In fact, hydroponics is the kind of farming that is advisable and compatible for

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those who wish to cultivate crops but who are busy. Moreover, it is also convenient for those
who have health problems like “amoeba”. Since that, the production of plants in hydroponics is
clean and safe to eat.
4. What problems were encountered in hydroponic gardening?
Based on the gathered data, they always need to be hands-on in monitoring hydroponic
plants. Problems such as system equipment breaking down, unable to get enough sunlight,
oxygen deprivation, and loss of water which can lead to calcium deficiency in plants can be
encountered in doing a hydroponic gardening. But by doing some research they learn how to do
things right.
5. What can we offer to solve these problems?
Based on the data, Maintaining the ph. level of the water nutrients is one way to keep
insects out of the plants. Instead of insecticides, our responders employ hydrogen peroxide, a
food-safe chemical. When installing a hydroponics system inside the home, power is required.
There are instances when there is an electrical fault; as a remedy to this problem, doing the setup
outside while there is no electricity is recommended.
6. What recommendations can we give in the practice of hydroponics gardening?
Hydroponics Gardening is very slightly time consuming, but it also needs to construct a backup

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plan to prevent possible leakages, fire accidents, & machine malfunctions. Furthermore,
hydroponics Gardening is very simple to understand and it has some of the easiest form of steps
or procedures. It's very important to know all of that before starting Hydroponics.
Conclusion
Based on the summary of findings, the following are concluded:
The researchers concluded that hydroponics is the most ideal system recommended by many
growers for environmental and ecosystem awareness. This is a form of soilless agriculture that
offers significant advantages over other agricultural practices. Hydroponic gardening is a great
setup, and some plants is easier to grow, and it's safe and clean but there is a lot of process
needed to grow plants using this setup and its expensive. Furthermore, hydroponic is a big help
for their foods and businesses they don’t need to buy a vegetable in the market because they have
hydroponics at home same with their business, they can sell high quality plants in much cheaper
price. It is fully customized to the needs and results of those who invest in them. Hydroponic
farms provide a path to more sustainable food ethics that prioritizes the health of our food, our
bodies, and our environment.

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Recommendations
This recommendation is based on the summary of findings, conclusion and significance
of the study.
1. To farmers, this study’s output may be useful in making their lives simpler. They
may conduct hydroponics at home instead of working on a farm. This means they will
be considerably safer than if they were working with dangerous equipment, and they
will be able to spend more time with their family at home. As a result, this research
can assist them in learning more about hydroponic gardening.
2. To entrepreneurs, the findings of this study will assist them in expanding their
understanding of hydroponics. It can also assist them in starting their own
hydroponics business. In this course, they will learn how to perform hydroponics
correctly and how to generate money from hydroponics. It is critical to understand
hydroponics, especially if you intend to establish your own business.
3. To teachers, teachers should teach students about the importance of hydroponics.
Because it might be a quick and easy approach to plant. And they may utilize it to
produce or earn money by selling it or creating a vlog about this form of gardening,
which can be their recreational activity. And it is safe for everyone, and it can be a
family bonding experience, especially for your children, since they will be able to

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learn how to plant at a young age, and they will be able to assist you whenever you
need them because they are knowledgeable about this planting method.
4. To youth learners, youth learners are able to identify the importance and production
of hydroponic gardening. This research can help them to acknowledge this alternative
way in planting plants. In this case, our youth learners can explore and share their
knowledge to other people that can help them to improve their livelihood.
5. To future researchers, future researchers will benefit from our research by
understanding what hydroponics is and how it benefits humans. This will provide
students with an understanding of how hydroponics operates in our time. This
research may also aid in the polishing and improvement of hydroponics in the future.

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References:
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(1998) A DECISION MODEL FOR HYDROPONIC GREENHOUSE TOMATO

PRODUCTION
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Panwar, Adhyayan (22 June 2020) The Origins of Hydroponics

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https://www.digit.in/features/sci/digit-mag-the-origins-of-hydroponics-54705.html?
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h9xyQ2AvruMe7Q2dLGeDJmAAldfbAr7mhQSlpuv8him4
Radhakrishnan G, Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, Pradyuman Singh, Sushil Kumar Sharma (2019)
IMPACT OF HYDROPONICS: PRESENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE FOR FARMER’S
WELFARE https://www.gyanvihar.org/journals/index.php/2019/07/31/impact-of-hydroponics-
present-and-future-perspective-for-farmers-welfare/?
fbclid=IwAR0MCezoqMz8JuVdI1PLCD756w68Vjd6fOOM5NsMeTxVGp2HDS0Szh4vnKU
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fbclid=IwAR18CSeP8e1RjlrugtZSPDLwFU8VN36eB9C5OsI3RrP5o2YHdHp9pye1Oeo
Sambo P, Nicoletto C, Giro A, Pii Y, Valentinuzzi F, Mimmo T, Lugli P, Orzes G, Mazzetto F,

Astolfi S, Terzano R and Cesco S (2019) Hydroponic Solutions for Soilless Production Systems:
Issues and Opportunities in a Smart Agriculture Perspective
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.00923/full?
fbclid=IwAR1Mv5n8w3OH0siDxaPcXvpEHxx8egHWa7-CMal66duRVDVqRhfWja0_-UY
Lagomarsino, Valentina Hydroponics: The power of water to grow food

https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2019/hydroponics-the-power-of-water-to-grow-food/?
fbclid=IwAR3o7ihIc_EZLVkTFmwZmWID7UWTFlmSL8InwEFtEbkPc22SdOUdjBZqx7Y

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(March 22, 2021) Hydroponics vs. Soil: Which Will Grow Plants Faster?
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“Hydroponics.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/hydroponics .
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fbclid=IwAR3ruoZeBPag5V9u7mg1caPjwCJh0Pua8v7Zrmjkr7Zs2LTLisdJeiE46f8
Jones, J.B. Jr (2014) Complete guide for growing plants hydroponically.

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Cornillon, P. (1988) Influence of root temperature on tomato growth and nitrogen nutrition, Acta
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Sarathkumar D., Venkateswaran K., Vijayalaxmi A. (2020) Design and implementation of solar
powered hydroponics systems for agriculture plant cultivation.
https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/1cb3f24c-c3da-3bfc-a93d-30051177d195/
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Hiromi.,Uehara, Yoichi., Takano, Masao. (2011) Microbial mineralization of organic nitrogen

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into nitrate to allow the use of organic fertilizer in hydroponics.
https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/08adb908-8c63-3a6b-ad06-2a216cff9948/
Aires, Alfredo Oct (2017) Hydroponic Production Systems: Impact on Nutritional Status and
Bioactive Compounds of Fresh Vegetables. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/58552
Tagle, Sean. Benoza, Hans., Pena, Rica., & Oblea, Aleeza. Nov (2018) Development of an
Indoor Hydroponic Tower for Urban Farming.
https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/conferences/ditech/proceedings/volume-3/
paper-10.pdf
El-Attal, Amgad Hassan(2018) http://www.secheresse.info/spip.php?article8688
Md. Taj Uddin, Aurup Ratan Dhar(2018)
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335160761_Socioeconomic_Analysis_of_Hydroponic_Fodder_Production_in_Selected_Areas_o
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Nga T. Nguyen, Samuel A. Mclnturf, and David G. Mendoza-
Cózatl(2016)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5091364/
Nisha Sharman, Somen Acharya, Kaushal Kumar, Narendra
Singh(2019)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330080392_Hydroponics_as_an_advanced
_technique_for_vegetable_production_An_overview
Elsa Sanchez, PH.D.(2020)https://extension.psu.edu/hydroponics-systems-and-principles-of-
plant-nutrition-essential-nutrients-function-deficiency-and-excess
Boylan C., Despommier D., (Nov 9, 2020) THE FUTURE OF FARMING: HYDROPONICS
https://psci.princeton.edu/tips/2020/11/9/the-future-of-farming-hydroponics
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https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hydroponic-Solutions-for-Soilless-Production-Issues-
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Lagomarsino V., Senft R., (September 26, 2019) Hydroponics: The power of water to grow food
https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2019/hydroponics-the-power-of-water-to-grow-food/
Tinker K. R., (2021) Is Hydroponic Food as Healthy as Traditional Soil Grown Food?
https://abundancenc.org/is-hydroponic-food-as-healthy-as-traditional-soil-grown-food/
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https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/literature-review-current-hydroponics-farming

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Appendices 1 : English Editing Certification Form
This is to certify that I have edited this thesis/dissertation manuscript entitled “The Effects
of Hydroponic Gardening to Urban Areas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic prepared by Bea
Pauline Pablo, Anne Margareth Metrillo, Mark Lexter Despojado, Jairo Manansala, Casey
Nicole Gallego, Angel Escanilla, Sean King John Vergel, John Peter Orquiza, Dayne Justin
Cabilao, Hedrick Tomagan, Yudai Akita, Harvey Pinlac and have found it thorough and
acceptable with respect to grammar and composition.
Sir. Ramil T. Ramirez April 12, 2022
Signature of Editor over Printed Name Date

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Appendices 2: Interview Questionnaires

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Appendices 3 : Transcription of Data
CODING
ENGINEER EZEKIEL DE GUIA
Researcher #1: What motivates you to start hydroponic gardening?
Engr. De Guia: Ah, the motivation I have was upon seeing the food crops,
vegetables I’ve seen… motivates me. To set up a hydroponic
system. (DETERMINED)
Let me tell more. Sometime, when we’re in a pandemic, and we were

on lockdown sometime of march 2022 I was watching tv on a YouTube
channel. And the topic being was regarding hydroponics. Upon
seeing the results and the harvested products, I was amazed by
the beauty of the crops. Such as lettuce the cleanliness of it
free from dirt, free from dirt. (YOUTUBE INFLUENCE)
Now, I challenge, on my part. I challenge myself to do these

things. That’s why I started studied all about hydroponics.
(EAGER TO LEARN)
Researcher #2: How do you describe the structural materials framework of hydroponic
gardening? And how does it work?
Engr. De Guia: Ok, you have to have a green house built in order to secure your plants
from the disturbing weathers such as rain or typhoon and strong winds. On
our place, at the school, I decided to build the green house on the roof top. I
put a structural frame to secure the UV plastic needed for the sunlight to
pass through the plants. With a little background of my engineering, I

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prepared the materials and asked some help for the welders to do the job.
Now, since the green house is secured, I also used some pipes, such as PVC
pipes, 3 inches in diameter, and others I used as what we call this 2 by 4
down spout, Atlanta downspout, wherein I will have my crops, the lettuces,
grow. (Green house for protection)
Eng. De Guia: I already constructed the green house wherein I will put
inside the greenhouse the PVC pipes and the downspout that will be used
for the styrocups where the seeds will grow to seedlings and when mature
enough, can be placed on the PVC pipes. First, if you are asking how I do
it, I study first, analyze the seeds, how to germinate the seeds, how to have
them sprout, and raising them using a medium such as the coco peat. This
coco peat came from the coconut husk, the inner portion of the husk, was
separated from each other, and grinded in a way that it will be refined so it.
can be used as a medium in planting seeds for hydroponics. (Growing the
seeds) (Using Cocopeat)
Eng. De Guia: Ok, first, we have this what we use, the seedling tray, there
are various types of seedling tray. This one is another type of seedling tray
wherein the seeds are sown, scattering the seeds in the tray, then it is
covered with half the size of the seeds then moisturizing it so the seeds will
germinate. (Seed Germination)
Researcher #3: What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of hydroponic?
Engr. De Guia: So, we are talking about the advantages of hydroponics. First, it is clean.
Second, it is easier to grow than growing lettuce or other crops in the soil.
(Clean and Safe Food Production)
Lastly, you can easily monitor it on a day-to-day basis since it is in the

greenhouse, and that greenhouse is secured so that it is very closed with a
proper net. And any insects that would destroy or harm the crops'
cleanliness cannot enter. (Easy Plant Monitoring)
However, the disadvantage of hydroponics is that Hydroponics is very

sensitive to sunlight. Therefore, we need to monitor it, especially in the
summer season. (Plant sensitivity)
Apparently, when the sunlight is very strong, we need to put net shade, so
that only 50% of the UV rays coming from the sun can go to plants. (UV
rays’ consumption)

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Researcher #4: What are the problems that you encountered in this gardening and how did
you solve it?
Engr. De Guia: The problems that I've encountered in hydroponic gardening is that you
have to monitor the level of the water and nutrients that based on the
reserved water because it can set the water pump for 30 minutes on and 30
minutes off continuous for the 8-hour period that the nutrients are
circulating in the pipes. (Observing the vegetables)
So, if you are going in to the greenhouse you should be clean so that we
can prevent the unwanted germs that might contaminate the crops or the
vegetables that you wanted to grow and another problem encountered is
when the pump broke down you have to monitor it so that you can see to it
that the plants are sufficiently watered with the nutrients in it. (Rules and
preventions)
Now in solving the problem to prevent insects in going into the plants of
course you wouldn't eat a vegetable with a stain in it thats why you have to
maintain the ph level of the water nutrients and there is another gadget that
you will use there for measuring it. (Maintaining the crops)
Another problem that I've encountered is because of the lacking of the

sunlight of these past few days there is a problem in growing the lettuce or
the crops thats why I placed or install grow lights above it to see to it that
the vegetables is receiving enough light as a counter part for the sunlight
thats why with the help of solar panel that I've install in our rooftop it helps
for the lights that I install and the pumps I am not worried even if it is
brown out I have continuous supply of electricity for my plants.
(Alternative supplies and materials)
Researcher #5: Does all kind of plants can be grow using hydroponics?
Engr. De Guia: Not all types of plants are capable to grow in hydroponics set up. There are
specific types of plants that can grow in this set up for example lettuce,
strawberries and other leafy vegetables.
Researcher #6: In your experience, how efficient is hydroponic gardening?
Engr. De Guia: Hydroponics gardening currently exists tremendously efficient in terms of

monitoring the right nutrients in addition to measuring the right ph. level in

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addition to also proper maintenance if you observe any parasites on an
object belonging to you, that object being your plants just spray it with
hydrogen peroxide which currently exists food safe i usually check an
object belonging to me, that object being my plants just as early just as 5:30
owing to the fact that there's still a shade of night at that object over there
time. You don't want to wake up around 6:30 owing to the fact that the sun
will show up which makes the parasites hide that object over there
currently exists not visible on our eyes if the reader woke up 5:00 or 5:30
just use flashlight so you can see other parasites that is hiding.
Researcher #7: How long does it take, to provide materials, machineries and stuff for
hydroponics?
Engr. De Guia: To construct a greenhouse like what I did in the rooftop measuring 6.5 by
5. Preparing all the structure like tubular and cutting the sizes of it before it
was welded. (Constructing greenhouse)
I will say constructing a greenhouse would take a month, almost four

weeks. Because it was not so hard to construct the structure of it. (Timeline
to construct a greenhouse)
Now for the complete hydroponic system inside the greenhouse. When we
construct It, it took us around also a month because we have to draw holes
on the (dams….) and PVC pipes we use, then we construct the reservoirs,
where in the water nutrient will be stuck so that the water circulate with the
pump. (Hydroponic system)
I think 2 months will sufficiently enough. (Time for the preparation)

Researcher #8: From your experience, how long does it take for you to grow your crops
using hydroponics?
Engr. De Guia: We start at the seeds; we germinate the seed usually it takes 2 to 3 days. on
the fourth the we introduce the seeds to sunlight, 5th and 6th day it depends
on the growth of the plant that you see if it healthy enough and if it’s you
could let it sit in the sun for the whole day. And of course, you need to
water it carefully. And on the 6th day you'll put it in a container (like
styrobowl, styrocup, or styrobox) and it needs to be filled at least an inch of
wanted nutrients. then on the 8th to 10th day it will show the sign of the
food nutrients and you could transplant it on the 12th to 15th day to
complete its hardening and also you could put it in the hydroponic system
where the needed nutrients flows and from that the plant will grow and be
healthy rapidly and on the 15th to 20th day it will ready to be harvest.

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And I would say that it depends on what crops are planting but the
minimum was 30 days and the maximum was 45 days unlike planting at
soil it usually takes 50 to 60 days because hydroponics was was immersed
with the water nutrients so that is why it was very quick to grow.
Researcher #9: Can you share and describe the marketability of your crop? Was it good,
excellent, or worse?
Engr. De Guia: At the start, people are glamouring for vegetables. The marketability of
hydroponics is good, you can sell the lettuce for 35 pesos each or 3 for 100
while others sell it at 35 pesos per crop. Some buyers also want to buy
lettuce that comes from the Styrofoam cup then I will let them borrow my
Styrofoam box that has lettuce and for weeks they can still use it and if they
want to eat it, they will just get a piece of it that is still fresh. Within the
marketability as of now, I can’t really tell its status because there’s also a
lot of people that is also using hydroponics. Usually, some supermarkets
they would go on with the growers of hydroponics because of its
sustainability and market availability. They grow lettuce on a full-grown
scale with complete personnel that is handling it. As of now, the
marketability of lettuce increases because of the samgyupsal trend but the
good thing about this is that if you have a good quality products or plants, it
will surely have a good market and people will always go on the freshness
of your product. I can’t really say of it is excellent nowadays but it is not
worse. Like for example in my hydroponics plants, I will say that it is
useful to our food production in our house, if you need food, you can get
one, if you have visitors, you can give them while in market, you need to
have a handler for your products or plants.
Researcher #10: Do you think our community is ready to adapt in this hybrid farming?
Engr. De Guia: I will say yes with a proper information, proper learning and guidance one
of us will be interested well especially when you're at home you can do
hydroponics on your own self even in small numbers let say 10 cups and
you will use styro box is okay and when you grow it up, we'll say this
month you can use it and this will be continuous.
and this is what motivates me the most when it comes on doing
hydroponics well because it is good to our students to learn especially when
they're at home they have preoccupation it's good at feeling when your
done in this work and you finally harvested the product. (Beneficial for
students’ future study)

SirRamilRamirez
MR. JERIC RYAN SALVADOR
Researcher #1: What motivates you to start hydroponic

gardening?
Mr. Salvador: I have a small business because it's a good

business so I was thinking about how to scale-
up my retail products so I searched on
YouTube what I could put in more business
so I saw hydroponics and then I looked at the
materials and I saw that the materials are not
here in what province we are, then when
shipping is still expensive so at first I didn't
really plan to do that but destiny to be called
Researcher #2: How do you describe the structural materials
framework of hydroponic gardening?
Mr. Salvador: I am amazed that the hydroponics setup is so

great, it is amazing at first because its higher
tech for traditional farming and it is surprising
when your expected growth is unbelievable.
(High Tech Farming)
Sir Ramil: Sir Jeric, is your hydroponic

garden located at your backyard or near at
your home?
Sir Jeric Ryan Salvador: Yes, in backyard sir

but, my setup is indoor with low lights.
(Indoor Setup)
Researcher #3: What do you think are the advantages and
disadvantages of hydropnics?
Mr. Salvador: The advantages of hydonics are that

SirRamilRamirez
hydroponics has high growth and yield, which
means the weight is higher. (Plant production)
Second, hydroponics uses less soil because I

use cocoa pit and horticultural foam. Lastly,
hydroponics uses less than 80% water than
traditional farming. (Environmental benefits)
What are the disadvantages of hydropnics?

Starting hydroponics is pricey because you
need to invest in materials, and the materials
are pricey, and some of them aren't crafty.
(Material Investment)
Also, the biggest disadvantage of

hydroponics for me is when there is a
shortage of electricity, like a blackout, it is the
biggest disadvantage because I used
growlights and pumps. (Electrical
Consumption)
Lastly, one of the disadvantages of

hydroponics is that it's hard to scale up since
the crops that I can harvest are detailed, so it's
hard for me to grow or multiply the crops that
I can harvest. (Plant harvesting difficulties)
Researcher #4: What are the problems that you encountered
in this gardening and how did you solve it?
Mr. Salvador: It is when I set up the garden in my room and

there are no air surrounding the room. This
gardening really needs oxygen and
transpiration is important because my plants
are having a calcium deficiency. (Response of
the plants)
And I solve this problem by doing the setup

outside. (Hydroponic plants outside)
Researcher #5: Does all kind of plants can be grown using
hydroponics?

SirRamilRamirez
Mr. Salvador: Almost all plants that can be used in
hydroponics may not be high -growth, but
there are best suitable plants for it such as
lettuce, strawberries, and other leafy
vegetables. (Classified Greeneries)
Researcher #6: In your experience, how efficient is
hydroponic gardening?
Mr. Salvador: It is efficient. But in my first trial there are

some trial and errors I do even have tip burns
not every plant grows perfectly I do
experience some magnesium deficiency but
eventually if you already know what you are
doing the plants will now grow exactly how
you wanted. (Redemption)
Researcher #7: How long does it take, to provide materials,
machineries and stuff for hydroponics?
Mr. Salvador: At first, I try DIY but it was difficult for me

to do the set up plus it was expensive when
you use low quality materials because you
will buy again if it is damaged immediately.
(Difficulties in DIY)
So, I search in the Facebook if there is
someone creating indoor hydroponics then a
saw the engineer, then I asked the engineer to
create for me. Then after 7 days the materials
are delivered to me and they set up it here in
the house (Buying indoor hydroponics online)
and the total amount of the expenses is 40k.
(Total expenses of indoor hydroponics)
Researcher #8: Can you share and describe the marketability
of your crop? Was it good, excellent, or
worse?
Mr. Salvador: For me it was excellent since there is a lack of

supply in vegetables also the vegetables in the
markets were expensive. (Supply of
Vegetables)

SirRamilRamirez
So, I decided to do hydroponics because i also
have business and I can easily use my crops to
my business and I could say that my crops are
good and marketable. (Beneficial for
Business)
Researcher #9: Do you think our community is ready to adapt
in this hybrid farming?
Yes, if the farmer is willing to change their

Mr. Salvador: way of farming. Because their scared to try
this hydroponics because the setup is too
expensive and their knowledge is too
inadequate but if the government will support
this will be good. But i know that our
department of agriculture has giving them
allowance to start hydroponics
(Easy and effective plant production)
SCATTERED OPEN CODING
DETERMINED PRODUCT OUTCOME

YOUTUBE INFLUENCE HIGH TECH FARMING
EAGER TO LEARN INDOOR SETUP
GREEN HOUSE FOR PROTECTION CLEAN AND SAFE FOOD PRODUCTION
GROWING THE SEEDS EASY PLANTING MONITORING
USING COCOPEAT PLANT SENSITIVITY
SEED GERMINATION UV RAYS CONSUMPTION
SUN EXPOSURE HIGH-GROWTH AND YIELDS
SELF-SUFFICIENT SEEDS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
COCO PEAT HARDENING MATERIAL INVESTMENT
NUTRIENT CIRCULATION ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION
PLANT HARVESTING DIFFICULTIES REDEMPTION

SirRamilRamirez
OBSERVING THE VEGETABLES SUPPLY OF VEGETABLES
RULES AND PREVENTIONS BENEFICIAL FOR BUSINESS
MAINTANING THE CROPS SEED MATURATION
ALTERNATIVE SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS GROWTH OF PLANT
RESPONSE OF THE PLANTS BENEFICAL FOR STUDENTS FUTURE STUDY
HYDROPONICS PLANTS OUTSIDE EASY AND EFFECTIVE PLANT PRODUCTION
SAFENESS AND PREVENTION UNAVAILABLE EQUIPMENTS
CONSTANT MONITORING CLASSIFIED GREENERIES
CONSTRUCTING GREENHOUSE
HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
TIME FOR THE PREPARATIONS
DIFFICULTIES IN DIY
BUYING ONLINE INDOOR HYDROPONICS
TOTAL EXPENSES OF INDOOR HYDROPONICS
AFFORDABLE PRICE
REUSABLE MATERIALS
MARKETABLE QUALITY
CONSTRUCTING INDOOR SAFENESS RESPONSE OF DIFFICULTIES IN DIY
GREENHOUSE SETUP AND THE PLANTS
PREVENTION PLANT HARVESTING
GROWING THE PRODUCT DIFFICULTIES
SEEDS HYDROPONICS RULES AND OUTCOME
PLANTS PREVENTIONS PLANT SENSITIVITY
SEED OUTSIDE HYDROPONIC
GERMINATION CLEAN AND SYSTEM REDEMPTION
CLASSIFIED SAFE FOOD
SELF- GREENERIES PRODUCTION SUPPLY OF UNAVAILABLE
SUFFICIENT VEGETABLES EQUIPMENTS
SEEDS
COCO PEAT
HARDENING
NUTRIENT
CIRCULATION

SirRamilRamirez
OBSERVING THE
VEGETABLES
OBSERVING THE
VEGETABLES
MAINTANING
THE CROPS
SUN EXPOSURE
CONSTANT
MONITORING
TIME FOR THE

PREPARATIONS
SEED
MATURATION
GROWTH OF
PLANT
CATEGORIZED
LEARNING ALTERNATIVE AND

EXPENSES IN BENEFITS AND
THROUGH REUSABLE SUPPLIES
MATERIALS EFFICIENCY
YOUTUBE AND EQUIPMENTS
DETERMINED USING COCOPEAT MATERIAL AFFORDABLE PRICE
INVESTMENT
EAGER TO GREEN HOUSE FOR REUSABLE MATERIALS
LEARN PROTECTION BUYING ONLINE
INDOOR MARKETABLE QUALITY
YOUTUBE ALTERNATIVE SUPPLIES HYDROPONICS
INFLUENCE AND MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL
TOTAL EXPENSES OF BENEFITS
ELECTRICAL INDOOR
CONSUMPTION HYDROPONICS EASY PLANTING
MONITORING
UV RAYS
CONSUMPTION HIGH-TECH FARMING

SirRamilRamirez
HIGH GROWTH AND
YIELDS
BENEFICIAL FOR
BUSINESS
BENEFICAL FOR
STUDENTS FUTURE
STUDY
EASY AND EFFECTIVE

PLANT PRODUCTION
THEME
Structural What problems

Production of materials Hybrid farming were What solutions can
Hydroponic framework of VS Ordinary encountered in we offer to solve
Gardening hydroponic agricultural hydroponic these problems?
gardening gardening?
OBSERVING ALTERNATIVE EXPENSES IN TROUBLES IN SAFENESS AND
SEED AND MATERIALS PLANT CLEANLINESS
GERMINATION REUSABLE PRODUCTION
SUPPLIES AND HYDROPONIC
LEARNING EQUIPMENTS S
THROUGH ORIENTATION
YOUTUBE
BENEFITS AND

SirRamilRamirez
RESPONSE AND EFFICIENCY
PRODUCT
CONCLUSION
Appendices 4: Hydroponics Artifacts

SirRamilRamirez
SirRamilRamirez
SirRamilRamirez
Appendices 5: Curriculum Vitae
BEA PAULINE S. PABLO

1386 Cordero Subdivision Lambakin
Marilao, Bulacan
Contact Number: 09311293458
Career Objectives
- To explore and gain new knowledge for the development of oneself and nation.
Core Competencies
- Ability to comprehend ideas
- Ability to multitask
- Ability to handle leadership
Educational Background

SirRamilRamirez
Senior High School
The Holy Lady Academy – 2021 -2022
Junior High School
The Holy Lady Academy – 2019-2020
Elementary
Knowledge and Virtue Academy – 2015-2016
Honors and Awards

- Grade 1 to 6 – (Top 3/ Graduated as First Honorable Mention)
- Grade 7 to 10 (JHS) – (With Honors/With High Honors)
- Grade 11 to 12 (SHS) – (With Honors/With High Honors)

SirRamilRamirez
ANNE MARGARETH B. METRILLO
Blk 9 Lot 3 Perugia St. Villa Roma Phase 3
Saog Marilao, Bulacan
Career Objectives
- To carry out an effective study that will be valuable for future research.
Core Competencies
- Capability to communicate effectively

- Multitasking ability
- Adaptability to new surroundings
Senior High School

SirRamilRamirez
The Holy Lady Academy - 2020-2022
Junior High School
Elementary
Good Shepherd Montessori School - 2011-2014
Honors and Awards
- Grade 8 to 10 (JHS) – With Honors

- Grade 11 to 12 (SHS) – With Honors

SirRamilRamirez
HARVEY M. PINLAC
Blk 17 L 5 Bahamas Street, Labrezza Subdivision,
Pantoc, Meycauayan, Bulacan
Career Objective
- To provide necessary and useful information about the topic for the future
researchers.
Core Competencies
- Ability to manage time efficiently

- Ability to think critically
- Ability to use technology proficiently

SirRamilRamirez
Senior High School
The Holy Lady Academy 2020-2022
Junior High School
Elementary School
Team Mission Christian School 2011-2014
Honors and Awards
- Grade 11-12 (SHS) - With Honors

- Perfect Attendance for 4 consecutive years

SirRamilRamirez
Angel Fort B. Escanilla
0137 Marimel Rd. Lambakin Marilao, Bulacan
Career Objectives:
- To create an effective study that are beneficial for future studies.
Core Competencies
- Ability to active listening

- Ability to share ideas
Senior Highschool
The Holy Lady Academy -2021-2022
Junior Highschool

SirRamilRamirez
Elementary
Lambakin Main Elementary School - 2011- 2016
Honors and Award
- Grade 10 (JHS) - Outstanding Community Service Award

- Grade 12 (SHS) – With Honors

SirRamilRamirez
Sean King John A Vergel
Blk 15 Lot 10 Pamplona St.Villa Roma 6 Lias,
Marilao Bulacan
Career Objectives
- To conduct a study that will give more knowledge to everyone
Core competencies
- Ability to help on group works
- Ability on computer skills
Senior High School:

SirRamilRamirez
Junior High School:
Elementary:
Catanghalan Elementary School
Nuestra Senora De Guia Academy
Riveredge School
Honors and awards
- With Honors
- Perfect Attendance

SirRamilRamirez
Casey Nicole F. Gallego
4 Penguin Street Pandayan Meycauayan, Bulacan
Career Objectives
- To establish a sufficient study that will be useful for future research
Core Competencies
- -Ability to comprehend ideas

- -Ability to Multitask
- -Well versed in video editing
Educational background
Senior High School
Junior High School

SirRamilRamirez
Elementary

SirRamilRamirez
Jairo Q. Mananslaa
Blk 6 Lot 12 Lambakin, Marilao,Bulacan
No. 090829314496
Career Objective
- To help students to facilitate their learning and also for my fellow researchers.
Core Competencies
- Ability to find a solution

- Ability to make other alternative uses
Education Background
Senior High School

SirRamilRamirez
Junior High School
Elementary
Marygold School Inc. — 2012-2016
Lambakin 4B Elementary School – 2011-2012
Centro Elementary School – 2010-2011
Honors and Awards
Gr. 10 Outstanding Community Service Award
Gr. 5 1st place in dancing competition in SM Marilao
Gr. 4 top 9 in Academic Award

SirRamilRamirez
John Peter B. Orquiza
Blk 32 L 3 villa roma phase 7 Lambakin Marilao, Bulacan
09497473017
Career Objectives
- to help my fellow workship mates to succeed in this research
Core Competencies
- -ability to fix problems

- ability to find solution
- ability to follow instructions
Senior High School

SirRamilRamirez
Junior High School
Our Lady of Lourdes College- 2016 – 2019
Elementary
Caruhatan East Elementary School 2011 - 2016

SirRamilRamirez
Dayne Justin J. Cabilao
Blk 6 Lot 22 Lambakin, Marilao, Bulacan
No. 09512299207
Career Objective
- To seek a easier way to help future researcher in their research.
Core Competencies
- Ability to Organize
- Ability to Communicate
Senior High School
The Holy Lady Academy 2021 - 2022
Junior High School

SirRamilRamirez
The Holy Lacy Academy 2017- 2020
Elementary
Marygold School Inc. 2010 – 2016

SirRamilRamirez
Yudai Akita
Blk 7 lot13 villa roma 4 lias marilao bulcan
Career objective
- To produce a study that can help the students to be productive and to ensure that the
study will impact the students.
Core competencies
- Ability to comprehend ideas

- Ability to contribute in groupworks
Senior High School

SirRamilRamirez
Junior High School
Elementary

SirRamilRamirez
Hedrick S. Tomagan
Blk 7 Lot 17 Villa Roma Phase 6 Barcelona St.
Villa Roma Phase 6 Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Contact Number:09995599450
Career Objectives
- To evaluate employee motivation at Thistle Trafalgar Square
Core Competencies
- ability to perform speech acts

- ability of children to consent to clinical research
- ability to assess validity in qualitative research
Senior High School

SirRamilRamirez
Junior High School
Elementary
Maria Katrina School - 2014-2015

SirRamilRamirez
Mark Lexter D.M Despojado
Block 8, Lot 3, Amadora st. Villa Regina 2, Lias Marilao, Bulacan
Contact: 0927-3366-483
Career Objectives
- To make a study that would give a contribution for other researchers
Core Competencies
- Ability to speak up in front of the audience

- Ability to dig and find important information
- Ability to think rapidly
Senior High School

SirRamilRamirez
Junior High School-
Elementary -
Marygold Elem inc. 2014-2016
Marilao Sentral School 2013-2014
Angelica School 2012-2013
Nazarenus College and Hospital inc. 2009-2012
Honors and Awards
- Perfect attendance for 4 consecutive years

- Volleyball Foundation Gold Medalist
- A.P. Quiz bee Gold Medalist
- Basketball Foundation Bronze Medalist

SirRamilRamirez

Effects of Hydroponic Plantation in Urban Areas During COVID

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Effects of Hydroponic Plantation in Urban Areas During COVID

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The Effects of Hydroponic Plantation in Urban Areas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the

The Holy Lady Academy

Lias, Marilao, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Senior High School Program

Bea Pauline Pablo Anne Margareth Metrillo

Mark Lexter Despojado Jairo Manansala

Casey Nicole Gallego Angel Escanilla

Sean King John Vergel John Peter Orquiza

Dayne Justin Cabilao Hedrick Tomagan

Yudai Akita Harvey Pinlac

Grade 12, STEM

1 The Home of Leading Achievers

where due acknowledgement is made in the text.

Bea Pauline S. Pablo April 12, 2022

Signature of the Researcher over Printed Name Date

Anne Margareth B. Metrillo April 12, 2022

Signature of the Researcher over Printed Name Date

Harvey Pinlac April 12, 2022

2 The Home of Leading Achievers

Angel Escanilla April 12, 2022

Signature of the Researcher over Printed Name Date

Casey Nicole Gallego April 12, 2022

the Researcher over Printed Name Date

Mark Lexter Despojado April 12, 2022

the Researcher over Printed Name Date

Jairo Manansala April 12, 2022

the Researcher over Printed Name Date

3 The Home of Leading Achievers

the Researcher over Printed Name Date

Dayne Justin Cabilao April 12, 2022

the Researcher over Printed Name Date

Yudai Akita April 12, 2022

the Researcher over Printed Name Date

John Peter Orquiza April 12, 2022

the Researcher over Printed Name Date

Hedrick Tomagan April 12, 2022

the Researcher over Printed Name Date

4 The Home of Leading Achievers

Signature of the Research Adviser over Printed Name Date

ensuring that it could be completed.

5 The Home of Leading Achievers

have been a success without their support.

De Guia. Their insightful comments helped in the improvement of the research.

6 The Home of Leading Achievers

may be utilized to earn money.

recommendations to persons who are important to it.

Certificate of Originality ii

List of Tables v

CHAPTER 1- Problem and its background

7 The Home of Leading Achievers

Statement of the problem 14-15

Significance of the study 15-18

Scope and delimitation and limitation of the study 18

Definition of terms 18-

Theoretical Framework 21-25

Conceptual Framework 25-27

CHAPTER 2 – Review of Related Literature and related studies

Related literature 28-32

Related studies 32-35

CHAPTER 3- Research design and methodology

Research method and technique used 35-36