S U B J E C T- C H E M I S T RY

TOPIC- RECAP OF
STRUCTURE OF
ATO M
CLASS- VIII
PPT NO- 1
 MATTER – Matter is anything that has
mass and occupies space

EXAMPLES OF MATTER

WATER

STEAM
BASKETBALL
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
 ELEMENT
A substance made up of only one kind of atoms that cannot
be broken down into simpler substances by chemical
methods is called an element.
Examples: Oxygen, Iron, Gold, etc..

ATOM
 An atom is the smallest
particle of an element that
can take part in a chemical
reaction. It may or may not
exist independently.
 Atom is made up of three
sub-atomic particles
(electrons, protons and
neutrons). It is the basic
building block of matter.
 MOLECULE
A molecule is the smallest particle of an element or a
compound that can normally exist independently.
Examples: Hydrogen molecule (H2),
water molecule (H2O)
COMPOUND
A substance formed by the chemical combination of two
or more elements in fixed proportions is called a
compound. The smallest particle of a compound is a
molecule.
Examples: CO2 , HCl , CH4
MIXTURE
When two or more elements or compounds are mixed
together and there is no chemical change, we obtain a
mixture. In a mixture , no new substance is formed.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPOUND
AND MIXTURE
MIXTURE AND COMPOUND (ACTIVITY)

https://youtu.be/hFaxkBYuH2o
 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

 An atom consists of a
small heavy
positively charged
nucleus in the centre
and electrons
revolving around it
in circular paths
called shells/energy
levels.
Sub-atomic particles of an atom:
Protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral)
are present inside the nucleus and electrons
(negative charge) are present outside the
nucleus.
An atom is electrically neutral.
Total positive charge = Total negative charge
Total number of protons = Total number of electrons

ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic number is the total number of
protons in an atom or the total number of
electrons in a neutral atom.

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION
The arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus of an
atom in the different shells or orbits is called the electronic
configuration.
 DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRONS IN
DIFFERENT SHELLS OF AN ATOM

SHELL NUMBER SHELL SHELL CAPACITY

NAME
I K 2 electrons

II L 8 electrons

III M 18 electrons

IV N 32 electrons

The number of electrons present in a shell is based on the

formula 2n2 where n is the shell number.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFLH_0B4ZLg
 ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

Q1. Magnesium has atomic number 12. How many protons are
present in it?
Ans- 12 protons

Q2. Why an atom is always neutral?

Ans: Number of electrons (negatively charged particles) are
always equal to number of protons (positively charged
particles) in an atom.