Muhammad Qaim Bin M.

Baaden S2100510

Alternative Assessment 1

Question 1
a) P1: 3GHz / 1.5 = 2 * 10^9 instructions per second
P2: 2.5GHz / 1.0 = 2.5 * 10^9 instructions per second
P3: 4GHz / 2.5 = 1.82 * 10^9 instructions per second

In conclusion, P2 has the highest performance among the three processors.

b) Cycles:
P1: 3GHz * 10 = 3 * 10^10 cycles
P2: 2.5GHz * 10 = 2.5 * 10^10 cycles
P3: 4GHz * 10 = 4 * 10^10 cycles

Num of instructions:
P1: 3GHz * 10 / 1.5 = 2 * 10^10 instructions
P2: 2.5GHz * 10 / 1.0 = 2.5 * 10^10 instructions
P3: 4GHz * 10 / 2.5 = 1.82 * 10^10 instructions

c) Execution time = (Num of instructions * CPI) / (Clock rate)

So, if we want to reduce the execution time by 30%, and CPI increases by 20%, we have:
Execution time * 0.7 = (Num of instructions * CPI * 1.2) / (New Clock rate)

New Clock rate = Clock rate * 1.2 / 0.7 = 1.71 * Clock rate New Clock rate for each
processor:

P1: 3GHz * 1.71 = 5.13 GHz

P2: 2.5GHz * 1.71 = 4.27 GHz
P3: 4GHz * 1.71 = 6.84 GHz

Question 2
a) Total capacity of the drive: = Total number of surfaces x Number of tracks per surface x
Number of sectors per track x Number of bytes per sector.
= 30 x 1024 x 256 x 512 bytes
= 4,026,531,840 bytes or 3.75 GB

b) Time taken for one full rotation

= (60 / 7200) sec
Muhammad Qaim Bin M. Baaden S2100510

= 0.00833 sec
= 8.33 msec
 
Average rotational delay
= 1/2 x Time taken for one full rotation
= 1/2 x 8.33 msec
= 4.1667 msec

Now finally, the average access time is:

= Average seek time + Average rotational delay + Other factors
= 5 msec + 4.1667 msec + 0
= 9.1667 msec

c) Transfer time for a sector = b/(rN)

= 512bytes / ((7200/60) x (512x256))
= 512 / (120 x 131072)
= 3.26x10^-5 seconds

d) Time to read first cylinder:

Seek time = 0ms (no head movement)
Rotational relay = 4.1667ms
Transfer time = b/rN x 30 since b = N
= 1/r x 30
= 1/ (7200/60) x 30
= 0.25s
= 250ms
Time to read first track = 4.1667ms + 250 = 254.167ms
Since no. track-to-track access time, time to read 1st cylinder = read 2nd cylinder
Time to read a file = time to read 1st cylinder + time to travel 2nd cylinder
= 2 x 254.167ms
Muhammad Qaim Bin M. Baaden S2100510

= 508.334ms

Question 3
a) Direct mapping Address
Tag Line Word
= 20 bits
Tag Field = (s-r) bits
= 8-5 bits
= 3 bits
Line Field = r bits
= 5 bits
Word field = w bits
= 7 bits
b) Range from 001 11100 0000000 to 001 11100 1111111

c) Address: 010 11100 0000000

Block number (in hexadecimal) = 5C

d) 4 – ways set associative K = 4.

Tag Set Word
3-d d w
Tag 5 bits, d = 3 bits, w = 7 bits.

Question 4
a) First, the parallel access technique is where all the member disks participate in every I/O
operation in which the disks are accessed all at once. This can be done due to the spindles
and the read/write heads in which is synchronized so that all the heads are always at the
same place on each platter. On the other hand, in independent access, the disks run
independently towards each other.

b) Parallel Access: RAID 2, and RAID 3.

Independent Access: RAID 0, RAID 4, RAID 5, RAID 6.