Quiz 2 Solution

1 Velocity Method – using 24.51 x Q / (D^2 – d^2)

Where:

Q = flow rate (gpm)

D = borehole/casing inside diameter (inches)

d = drillpipe/drill collar outside diameter (inches)

Section 1:

Annular Velocity = 24.51 x 425 / (9^2 – 5^2)=186 ft/min

Annular Section = 6000 feet

Lag Time for Section = 32.26 minutes

Section 2:

Annular Velocity = 24.51 x 425 / (8.5^2 – 5^2)= 220.46 ft/min

Annular Section = 350 feet

Drilling Lag Time for Section = 1.59 minutes

Section 3:

Annular Velocity = 24.51 x 425 / (8.5^2 – 7^2) = 448 ft/min

Annular Section = 1400 feet

Lag Time for Section = 3.13 minutes

Total Lag Time = 32.26 + 1.59 + 3.13 = 36.98 minutes or 3698

strokes
2 Volume Method – using (D^2 – d^2) x 0.000971 x L

where: D = borehole/casing inside diameter (inches)

d = drill pipe/drill collar outside diameter (inches)

L = length of annular section (feet)

Section 1:

Annular volume = (92 – 52) x 0.000971 x 6000 = 326.25 bbls

Lag Time for Section = 32.27 minutes

Section 2:

Annular volume = (8.52 – 52) x 0.000971 x 350 = 16.05 bbls

Lag Time for section = 1.58 minutes

Section 3:

Annular volume = (8.52 – 72) x 0.000971 x 1400 = 31.60 bbls

Lag Time for Section = 3.12 minutes

Total Drilling Lag Time = 32.27 + 1.58 + 3.12 = 36.97 minutes

or 3697 strokes

Actual Lag Time Calculations

The only way of obtaining an accurate lag is by measuring the time or strokes that
some substance (a tracer) takes to return to the surface, after being introduced into
the drill string.

Using Calcium Carbide To Calculate Actual Lag Time

The most commonly used tracer is calcium carbide, which, when it comes into contact
with the water in the drilling fluid forms acetylene gas.

CaC2 + 2H2O ——> Ca(OH)2 + C2H2

This acetylene gas is detected by the gas detection equipment when it returns to the
surface.
Quiz #3 Solution
The annular velocity around drill pipe must be used to
determine if it is good enough for hole cleaning because it is
the lowest velocity in the wellbore. If the annular velocity
around the drill pipe is good enough for hole cleaning
purpose, it will definitely be sufficient for hole cleaning
around drill collars, BHA and tool joints.

If you have some formations which can be easily washed out,

you need to look at the annular velocity around drill collars,
BHA and tool joints. The size of drill collars and BHA should
be reduced if the flow rate can cause excessive wellbore
erosion.
Quiz #5

0.052 is a constant used for converting ppg-ft into pound per

square inch (lb/in2)

1 gallon = 231 cubic inch (inch3)

1 ft = 12 inch

Convert density from ppg (pound per gallon) to lb per cubic

inch

Basic hydrostatic pressure

The constant can be determined by substituting the

unit conversion.

The constant is 0.051948