MELR11 - SOM/FMM LABORATORY

Name : Amishasharon Rajavijai Sahidha

Roll Number : 111120011

Ex. No: 5
CALIBRATION OF VENTURIMETER
Date:13.09.2021

AIM:
To determine the Coefficient of discharge (Cd) of the Venturimeter by comparing actual and
theoretical discharge.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
 Venturimeter Test Rig  Stop watch
 A differential U-tube mercury  Collecting tank fitted with Piezometer.
manometer.

PROCEDURE:
1. The Diameter of the Pipe (d1), Diameter of the Throat (d2) and Internal dimensions of the
collecting tank (Length & Breadth) are noted down.
2. The Outlet valve is closed and the inlet valve is opened fully.
3. The Outlet valve is opened slightly.
4. For a particular rate of flow of water, the mercury levels H1 and H2 in the manometer are
noted.
5. The time Taken for 10 cm Rise of Water in the Collecting Tank is Noted
6. Operating the Outlet valve, four or five set of readings are taken.
7. The observations are tabulated and the coefficient of discharge of the Venturimeter is
calculated.

THROAT
 MELR11 - SOM/FMM LABORATORY

Schematic view of an Venturimeter.

FORMULA USED:

1. To determine the Theoretical discharge(Qth):

�� ��
Qth = x ��� (m3/s)
��� − ���

Where,

a1= Area of the inlet (Pipe) = πd12 / 4 (m2)

a2= Area of the Throat = πd22 / 4 (m2)

g= Acceleration due to gravity (Known value = 9.81) (m/sec2)

H= Differential head (m)

2. To determine the differential head (H):

H= (H1 – H2) x (Sm - Sl) / Sl (m)

 MELR11 - SOM/FMM LABORATORY

Where,

H1 = Manometer reading in One limb (m)

H2 = Manometer reading in other limb (m)

Sm = Specific gravity of Mercury (Known value = 13.6)

Sl = Specific gravity of Water (Known value = 1.0)

3. To determine Actual discharge (Qa):

��
Qa = �
(m3/s)

Where,

A = Area of the collecting tank (L x B) (m2)

h = Rise of the water in collecting tank (m)

t = Time taken for h (m) rise (sec).

4. To determine Co-efficient of Discharge (Cd):

�
Cd = � �
��

Where,

Qa = Actual discharge (Calculated value) (m3/s)

Qth = Theoretical discharge (Calculated value) (m3/s)

OBSERVATION:

Diameter of the Pipe (d1) = 4 cm, Area (a1) = 1.257 x 10-3 m2.
Diameter of the Throat (d2) = 2.366 cm, Area (a2) = 0.44 x 10-3 m2.
Area of the Collecting Tank (A) = Length x Breadth = 0.675 m2
 MELR11 - SOM/FMM LABORATORY

TABULATION:

Manometer Reading Time Taken for

Differential h=5cm rise of Actual Theoretical Coefficient of
head Water in Discharge Discharge Discharge
S.No H Collecting Tank Qa Qth Cd
H1 H2
(t)

cm m cm m m sec m3/s m3/s

1 38.1 0.38 28.9 0.29 1.16 16 2.11 x 10-3 2.24 x 10-3 0.94

2 37.1 0.37 29.9 0.3 0.91 17.8 1.9 x 10-3 1.98 x 10-3 0.96

3 42.1 0.42 24.9 0.25 2.17 12.4 2.72 x 10-3 3.06 x 10-3 0.89

4 43.1 0.43 23.9 0.24 2.42 11.76 2.87 x 10-3 3.23 x 10-3 0.89
 MELR20 - SOM/FM LABORATORY

GRAPH:

Qa vs H is drawn, taking H(cm) on X – Axis and Qa(cm3/s) on Y - Axis.

From the graph,

Qa = 2.87 x 10-3 m3/s.

H = 2.42 m
Qth = 3.236 x 10-3 m3/s

Cd = Qa / Qth = 0.887

RESULT:

The mean value of the Coefficient of discharge (Cd) of the given Venturimeter is found out,

Method (i)By Calculation = 0.92

Method (ii)By Graph = 0.89

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 MELR20 - SOM/FM LABORATORY

DISCUSSION:

1. How do you find actual discharge?

The actual discharge will always be less than the theoretical discharge. So, to calculate
the actual discharge, the Q value is multiplied by Cd, called the Coefficient of discharge
of venturimeter. So the actual flow rate through the throat of the venturimeter will be
given by the following equation:-
Q = Cd*((A1*A2)/(sqrt((A1^2)-(A2^2))))*sqrt(2*[g]*H)

2. How do you find theoretical discharge?

Theoretical discharge of Venturimeter is simply the rate of flow of a liquid through a
venturimeter channel and is denoted by Q symbol.
Q = (A1*A2*(sqrt(2*g*H)))/(sqrt((A1)^(2)-(A2)^(2)))

3. What do you mean by co-efficient of discharge?

The coefficient of discharge for Venturimeter, Cd is defined as the ratio of the actual
flow rate through the venturi meter tube to the theoretical flow rate. So the venturi meter
discharge coefficient is given by:
�
Cd = � �
��

4. Define vena-contracta?
The vena contracta zone is an important part of the venturimeter. It refers to the area of
the tube where the diameter of the stream is smallest. This arrangement helps in
increasing the fluid pressure thereby amplifying its speed to a maximum rate. This
situation is observed in fuel nozzles in an orifice. In the vena contactor zone, there is
minimum cross-section and maximum contraction.

5. List out the Bernoulli’s applications.

 Attraction between two closely parallel moving boats (or buses)
 Working of an Aeroplane
 Action of atomiser
 Blowing off roofs by wind storms
 Magnus effect
 Venturimeter

Department of Mechanical Engineering