TITLE: TO DETERMINE THE DISCHARGE THROUGH OPEN FLOW

CHANNEL
Objective:
 To observe the flow characteristics over a rectangular and triangular (Vee) notches.2.
 To determine the discharge coefficient of the fluid flow.

Apparatus required:
 Instrument for open channel flow

THEORY:
Flow over Notches and Weirs:

Notches may be defined as an opening provided in the side of tank such that the liquid surface in the tank is below
the top edge of the opening whereas Weirs are any regular obstruction in an open stream over which the flow takes
place.

Rectangular notches

The flow rate measurement in a rectangular weir is

based on the Bernoulli Equation principles and can be
expressed as:

q = 2/3 cd b (2 g)1/2 h3/2

where

q = flow rate (m3/s)

h = elevation head on the weir (m)

b = width of the weir (m)

g = 9.81 (m/s2) - gravity

cd = discharge constant

Triangular or V-Notch

A triangular notch is also called a V-notch. Consider a triangular notch, in one

side of the tank, over which water is flowing as shown in figure.

Let,

 H = Height of the liquid above the apex of the notch

 θ = Angle of the notch
 Cd = Coefficient of discharge

From the geometry of the figure, we find that the width of the notch at the
water surface,
 Area of the strip =
We know that the theoretical velocity of water through the strip =
and discharge over the notch,

The total discharge over the whole notch may be found out only by integrating the
above equation within the limits 0 and H.

Procedure:
 first of all, water was made float in open channel instrument.
 Then water was allowed to flow until its reach maximum height to flow over notches.
 Required readings were noted
 Procedure 1,2& 3 were repeated for v notch.

Observation and calculation:

RECTANGULAR NOTCH TRIANGULAR NOTCH
B= 10 cm =0.1m H= 5.7 cm = 0.057m
H= 2 cm =0.02m Notch angle (θ) = 45 degree
Theoretical Discharge (Qth) = 2/3 B(2 g)1/2 Theoretical Discharge (Qth)= 8/15(2g)1/2 tan((θ /2)H5/2
H3/2 ` = 1.83*10-4 m3/s
= 8.347 * 10-4 m3/s Volume (V) = 5 litre =5*10-3 m3
Volume (V) = 5 litre =5*10-3 m3 Time(t)= 6 sec
Time(t)= 6 sec Practical discharge (Qp) = V/t = 8.33 * 10-4 m3/s
Practical discharge (Qp) = V/t = 8.33 * 10-4 m3/s Coefficient of discharge (Cd) = Qp /Qth = 0.6
Coefficient of discharge (Cd) = Qp /Qth = 0.99

Conclusion:

Discharge of the water through open flow channel was determined.

Result:

The coefficient of discharge for rectangular and v notches was found to be 0.99 and 0.6 respectively.