FLOW OVER NOTCHES APPARATUS

AIM:

To study the flow over a Rectangular To find the coefficient of discharge for it along with to
calibrate it for discharge measurement in a free surface flow

SPECIFICATION:

Channel test section: 600 x250x180 mm

Notch's: Material steel, rectangular Notch, V notch 45
Range of notch-150 mm x200 mm
Pointer Gauge: with venire scale
Water circulation: FHP Pump makes Kirloskar
Flow Measurement: using measuring tank with piezometer, capacity 36 Liter
S.S. Sump Tank: Capacity 150 Liter
Control Panel comprises of standard make On/off switch, main indicator

THEORY
A weir is an obstruction placed across a free-surface flow such that the flow takes place over
it. Notches are openings cut in metallic plates and installed in flumes or small channels
Installation of a notch is exclusively for the purpose of measuring the discharge in the steam.
A sharp crested weir or notch for the measurement of discharge generally have a regular
geometrical shape like triangular. The free surface flow taking place over it acquires steady
state conditions such that the discharge is uniquely related to the head Hover the crest of the
notch-measured at a distance about 3 to 4 times Hfrom the crest towards upstream

APPARATUS:

1. Rectangular notch and the notch tank with hook gauge/pointer gauge.
2. Stop watch
3. Measuring tank with glass tube and scale.

PRINCIPLE:

The co-efficient of discharge is the ratio between Actual and Theoretical discharge of water

flowing through the notch.

Actual Discharge (Qact)

A *R
ac

Where,
A Area of the collecting tank in cm = 30 cm x 30cm = 900 cm
R Rise of water level taken in cm
t Time taken for rise of water level to height 'R' in seconds
2
- v (29) B H 3/2
Theoretical discharge Qth
3

g acceleration due to gravity

B breadth of the rectangular notch
H head over the notch
(H2-H1)
h Sill level (initial head)
hz= final head
Cd= Qact/Qth

PROCEDURE
 3

g acceleration due to gravity

B breadth ofthe rectangular notch
H= head overthe notch
(H2-H1)
h1 Sill level
(initial head)
h2 final head
Cd=Qac/Qh

PROCEDURE
1. Note the breadth of the notch and dimensions of the measuring tank.
2. Open the supply valve and allow water to enter the notch tank up to the sill of the notch
tank. Then close the supply valve.
3. Note the still level (hi) using the hook gauge.
4. Open the supply valve and allow water to flow through the notch and a steady head is
maintained. Note this constant head over the notch by using the hook gauge (ha).
5. Close the outlet valve of the measuring tank firmly and note the time taken for a
particular water rise (R) in the measuring tank by using a stop watch.
6. After taking the time, open the outlet valve of the measuring tank.
7. Repeat the steps 4 to 6 are for the different values of h2.
8. Tabulate the readings (h2 and t) are and calculate the co-efficient of discharge.

RESULT:

3
Co-efficient of discharge of the given rectangular notch 0.82

OBSERVATION AND TABULATION:

Breadth of the notch (b) = 15.3 cm

Dimensions of the measuring tank = 30cm x 30cm x 40cm

MEASUREMENT TANK READING Discharge actual

Initial Final AChz-hi)

. .NO. Time Qact =
level level
h2- hi
Cm Cm
sec Cm3/sec
n1 n2

3 32.8 29.8 30 894

S. NO. Pointer Gauge Reading Rectangular -Notch Co

Qth (2/3)V(2g)B H (Qac/Qn)
h2
H hz-h1
7.7 9.5 1.8 |1091.08 0.82

SAMPLE CALCULATION:
Breadth of the notch b = 15.3 cm
Initial level hi= 7.7 cm
Final level h2=9.5 cm
Head over the notch (H) = hz-h1 = 1.8 cm
 4
Taking g= 981 cm/s2
Dimension of measuring tank L x B = 30x30 cm

Area of measuring tank (A) = 900 cm2

Level of water rise in the measuring tank (R) = 29.8 cm

Time taken for the water rise (t) = 30 sec

Actual Discharge (Qaci)

Qact AxR/t
(900 x 29.8) /30

894 cm/sec
Theoretical discharge (Om):
32
Qth 2/3 x
. 2g.B.H
3/2
2/3. (2 981)
x x 15.3x (1.8)
= 1091.08

Coefficient of Discharge (Ci):

Cd = Qact/Qth

= 894/ 1091.08

0.82

AIM:

5
To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the given triangular notch.

SPECIFICATION:

Channel test section: 600 x250x180 mm

Notch's: Material steel, rectangular Notch, V notch 45
Range of notch-150 mm x200 mm
Pointer Gauge: with venire scale
Water circulation: FHP Pump makes Kirloskar
Flow Measurement: using measuring tank with piezometer, capacity 40 Liter
S.S. Sump Tank: capacity 150 LITER
Control Panel comprises of standard make On/off switch, main indicator

APPARATUS:

1. Triangular notch and the notch tank with hook guage/ pointer guage.
2. Stop watch
3. Measuring tank with glass tube and scale.

PRINCIPLE:

The co-efficent of discharge is the ratio between actual and theoretical discharge of water
flowing through the V notch.
Actual Discharge Qa
1. Triangular notch and the notch tank with hook guage/ pointer guage.
2. Stop watch
3. Measuring tank with glass tube and scale.

PRINCIPLE
The co-efficent of discharge is the ratio between actual and theoretical discharge of water
flowing through the V notch.
Actual Discharge Qa=

Qaet AR

Where A = area of the measuring tank

R Rise of water level in the measuring tank

t= Time taken for the water rise (x) in the tank.

Theoretical Discharge Qth

Where

6
g acceleration due to gravity
b breadth ofthe notch
H head over the notch

(h2-h1)
hi Sill level (initial head)
h2 final head
Cd= Qact/Quh
Procedure:
1. Note the angle of the notch and dimensions of the measuring tank.
2. Open the supply valve and allow water to enter the notch tank up to the sill of the notch
tank. Then close the supply valve.
3. Note the silevel (h1) using the hook gauge.
4. Open the supply valve and allow water to flow through the notch and a steady head is
maintained. Note this constant head over the notch by using the hook gauge (ha).
5. Close the outlet valve of the measuring tank firmly and note the time taken for a
particular water rise (R) in the measuring tank by using a stop watch.
6. After taking the time, open the outlet valve of the measuring tank.
7. Repeat the steps 4 to 6 are for the different values of hz
8. Tabulate the readings (h2 and t) are and calculate the co-efficient of discharge.

Result: Co-efficient of discharge of the given triangular notch =

Observation and Tabulation

Angle of the notch = 45
Dimensions of the measuring tank = 30cm x 30cm x 40cm

S. MEASUREMENT TANK READING Discharge actual

NO. A(hz-h)

Final
Initial level Time Qact
level
 Final
Initial level Time Qact =
level
m h2 hi t
Cm
sec Cm3/sec
h2

3 30 900

S. NO. Pointer Gauge Reading V-Notch

CaF
Qth (8/15) VZ9
n2 H h2-h1
(tane/2)HS2
(Qac/Qth)
14.5 7.6 6.9 111.8 .80

General Calculation
Initial level hi=7.6 cm
Final level ha=14.5 cm
head over the notch(H) = hz-h1 = 6.9 cm

taking g= 981 cm/s2

Qth - Cd v2g tan 8/2 H

15
Dimension of measuring tank Lx B = 30x30 cm

Area of measuring tank (A)= 900 cm

Level of water rise in the measuring tank (R)= 30 cm
Time taken for the water rise (t) = 30 sec

Actual Discharge (Qact)

Qact AxR/t

(900 x30)/30
900 cm/sec
Theoretical discharge (Qu)

Oaw9ltan6
= 111.8 cm/sec

Coefficient of Discharge (Ca):

Ca Qsct/Qth
= 900/ 111.8

0.82 1