DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES

(HM 103)

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES (HM 103)
 DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES
(HM 103)

DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES

OBJECTIVE:

To study the discharge over different types of notches.

AIM
To determine the co-efficient of discharge of V notch.
To determine the co-efficient of discharge of rectangular notch.

INTRODUCTION

A notch is a device used for measuring the flow rate of a liquid through a
small channel or tank. It may be defined as an opening in side of a tank or a
small channel in such a way that the liquid surface in the tank or channel is
below the top edge of the opening. The sheet of water flowing through the
notch is called Nappe or Vein. The bottom edge of a notch over which the
water flows, is known as the sill or crest.
A weir is the name given to a concrete or masonry structure built across the
river in order to raise the level of water on the upstream side and allow
excess water to flow over its entire length to the downstream side. Thus a
weir is similar to a small portion called spillway, the same in the case of
weir flows over its entire length. Weir may also be used for measuring the
rate of flow of water in the river or stream.
THEORY
The notches are usually classified according to the shape of the openings as:
 DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES
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 Rectangular Notch
 Triangular Notch (V Notch)
 Trapezoidal Notch
 Stepped Notch
The edges of all these notches are beveled on the downstream side so as to
have sharp edges sides and crest, resulting in minimum contact with the
flowing fluid. Since the liquid surface is always below the top edge of the
notch, a notch is usually provided with only a crest and side with no top
edge.
DISCHARGE OVER A RECTANGULAR NOTCH:

Discharge may be calculated for a rectangular

Notch of length B and Width L as given in the
formula below:

3
Q= (2/3) Cd*L 2g[H]
2

DISCHARGES OVER TRIANGULAR NOTCH:

Discharge may be calculated for a triangular

Notch of length B and angle , as given in the
formula below:

5 2
Q= (8/15)Cd *tan(/2) 2g[H]

If 0=900,
 DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES
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5 2
Q= (8/15) Cd * 2g[H]

CO-EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE:

The ratio of actual discharge over a notch to the theoretical discharge is

known as co-efficient of discharge. Mathematically, Co-efficient of
discharge:
Actual Discharge
Cd= l
Theoretical Discharge

DESCRIPTION:
The present set up is designed to demonstrate the flow characteristics over
the notch. Two notches, rectangular and triangular, are provided with the set
up. These are interchangeable and can easily be installed on the flow channel
one at a time. Pointer gauge and hook gauge are also provided with the set
up to measure the level of water in the flow channel.
A triangular weir is fixed in a small steel flume. Supply to this flume is
made through a supply pipe in which a valve is fitted to regulate the supply.
To dampen the fluctuations in the water level in the flume, screens are
placed immediately downstream of the flow-inlet section.

UTILITIES REQUIRED:-
1. Electricity supply: single phase 220v AC 50Hz, 5-15 amp socket
with earth connection.
2. Water supply
3. Drain required.
 DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES
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4. Floor area req. 1.5m x 0.75m

MEASURMENT OF LIQUID SURFACE:

For the measurement of liquid surface elevation or the depth of flow,
following gauges are provided with the set up;

Point gauge:
The point gauge consists of a thin vertical rod, pointed at its lower end. The
pointer is lowered until its point just touches the liquid surface (that is the
point appears to touch its reflection in the liquid surface).The rod is attached
to a vernier scale to read the liquid surface elevation.
 DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES
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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Fill the test channel with water up to the height where flow
through the notch is zero (up to crest height).
2. Measure the crest height, with pointer gauge or hook gauge
provided.
3. Regulate Flow of water through channel from the inlet water
supply.
4. Record the height of water level in the channel, at particular
flow rate with the help of pointer gauge or hook gauge
provided.
5. Record the flow rate of water through the channel from the
measured water supply source.
6. Repeat the experiment for, different depths of water in the test
sections by increasing or decreasing the flow from inlet supply.

OBSERVATION & CALCULATION

DATA:
g = 9.81m/sec2
 = 600,450
A = 0.077 m2
OBSERVATION TABLE: V-Notch- 450
ho=_______ cm
Sr. No. Water level, R1 R2 t
h, (cm) Cm cm sec
1.
2.
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3.
OBSERVATION TABLE: V-Notch- 600
ho=_______ cm
Sr. No. Water level, R1 R2 t
h, (cm) cm cm sec
1.
2.
3.

OBSERVATION TABLE: Rectangular Notch

ho=_______ cm L =_______ m
Sr. No. Water level, R1 R2 t
h, (cm) cm cm sec
1.
2.
3.

CALCULATION:
ho  h
H m =________ m
100
R1  R2
R m = ________ m
100
A R 3
Q m / sec = ________ m3/sec
t
3Q
Cd  (Rectangular Notch)
2  L  2g   H 
3/ 2

15Q
Cd 
  (Triangular Notch)
8  tan   2 g   H 
5/2

2

CALCULATION TABLE:
 DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES
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Sr.No. Water level Actual Discharge,

Above crest, H Q Cd
(m) (m3/s)
1.
2.
3.

NOMENCLATURE:
g = Acceleration due to gravity, m/sec2
 = Angle of V notch (450, 600).
A = Area of measuring tank, m2
hO = Crest height of the notch, m
h = Water level in the test section at particular flow
through channel, m
R = Rise of water level in measuring tank, m
R1 = Final level of water in measuring tank, m
R2 = Initial level of water in measuring tank, m
t = Time for R, Sec
H = Water level above the crest height, m
Q = Discharge, m3/sec
L = Width of the rectangular notch, m
Cd = Coefficient of discharge
PRECAUTION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTION:
1. Always keep the apparatus free from dust.
2. Always use clean water.
3. Drain the apparatus completely after experiment is over.
 DISCHARGE OVER NOTCHES
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