SCHEMATIC LAYOUT OF NOTCH APPARATUS

EXPERIMENT NO: 7

CALIBRATION OF RECTANGULAR NOTCH

OBJECT:-
1) To determine the coefficient of discharge (Cd) for the rectangular notch,

2) Calibrate the rectangular notch i.e. to prepare a graph showing the

relation between the discharge in litres/minute and the head of water over
the sill of the notch in cm.

APPARATUS:-
(i) Inflow tank (ii) Notch tank (iii) Measuring tank (iv) Outside glass indicator
(piezometer) (v) Meter scale (vii) Stop watch.

THEORY:-

A notch or weir may be defined as an opening with the upstream liquid level
below the top edge of the opening. Since the liquid level on the upstream side is
below the top edge, the boundary of the orifice above the liquid level can be
removed and the remaining portion of the opening will be called notch. A notch or
weir has thus a bottom edge and the sides. The bottom edge over which the liquid
flows is called the SILL or crest of the notch or weir. The sheet of liquid passing
over the sill of the notch is known as NAPPE or VEIN.

Now as a sheet of liquid passes over the sill, it contracts laterally and the
width of the sheet of liquid exactly over the sill is less than the length L of the sill.
The contractions of the sheet of liquid at the two ends of the sill are known as
END CONTRACTIONS or LATERAL CONTRACTIONS. The approximate value of
end contraction of each end is 0.1 X H. Hence the effective width L e of the sheet of
the liquid will be given by Le = ( L -0.2H )

In the adjoining figure is shown a sharp edged rectangular notch. Let the
free discharge over it take place under a constant head H. Let the notch be a
SURPRESSED one i.e. without end contractions and let the velocity of approach
be neglected. Let there be only one span of notch of length L.
Let us consider a narrow strip of the notch such that the top of the strip is
at a depth 'h' below the free surface of the liquid.

The discharge through the strip = dq = Cd X a X √2gh

Where Cd is the co - efficient of discharge and a is the area of the strip = L.dh.
dq = Cd X LX dh X √2gh
∫ dq = ∫ Cd L √2gh. dh
q = Cd L √2g ∫ h 1/2 dh
 = Cd L √2g [ h 3/2 /3/2]
= 2/3 Cd L √2g [ h 3/2]

= 2/3 Cd L √2g H 3/2

= Cd K H 3/2 = Cd qth
Experimentally, Cd can be found in two ways.

1) For every reading in which for a particular head 'H' the discharge q over
the notch is measured the value of Cd may be found out by calculation.

2) Plot q v/s H 3/2

PROCEDURE:-

Measure (i) the width of the notch (ii) Length and breadth of the measuring
tank. Allow the water from the supply cock into the inflow tank and through it
into notch tank, till the water just starts passing over the notch. Stop the water
supply when the water ceases passing over the notch and remains steady in the
notch tank. Set the reading on the outside glass indicator to read zero on scale.
Then allow the water to pass into the notch tank. Adjust the supply of water such
that head of water over the sill of the notch remains constant. This will be
evidence from a constant reading of the outside glass indicator.
Note the outside glass indicator reading H. Collect the water flowing over
the notch in the measuring tank, for say 60 seconds. measure the average depth
of the water d in the measuring tank and calculate the discharge q. Repeat for
more number of observations by varying the discharge every time.
OBSERVATION DATA:-

1) Width of the notch = L = ________ cm

2) Length of the measuring tank = l = ________ cm

3) Breadth of the measuring tank = b = ________ cm

4) Cross sectional area of the measuring tank A = l X b = _______ cm2

5) K = 2/3 √2g L constant = ____________cm3/2/sec

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

HEAD OF
WATER DEPTH OF THEORETICA COEFF AVG.
TOTAL DISH.
ABOVE WATER IN . OF COEFF.
DISCHAR TIME PER H3/2 DISC.
THE SILL MEASURING DISC. OF
SR. OF THE TANK GE t SEC. qth = Cd= DISC.
NO NOTCH D Q=AXD q=Q/t k X H3/2 q/qth Cd
H

cms cms cm3 sec cm3/sec cm3/2 cm3/sec

GRAPH:-

Plot the graph of q versus H3/2 as under

i ) Discharge q in cm3/sec along y-axis.

ii) Depth H3/2 of water over the sill of the notch in cm3/2 along the x-axis.
SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

CONCLUSION: