Abstract: The triangular weir or V-notch is preferable to the rectangular weir for the

measurement of wide range of flow. V-notch weir has the advantage that it can function for
very small flows and also measure reasonably larger flows as well. The flow regime in a weir
is said to be partially contracted when the contractions along the sides of the V-notch are
not fully developed due to proximity of the walls and bed of approach channel. Whereas a
weir which has an approach channel and whose bed and sides of the notch arc sufficiently
remote from the edges of the V-notch to allow for a sufficiently great approach velocity
component parallel to the weir face so that the contraction is fully developed is a fully
contracted weir. In case of a fully contracted weir Cd is fairly constant for a particular angle
of notch.

Theory:

Fig: Flow over a V-Notch

Consider the V-notch shown in the figure. Let H be the height of water surface and θ be the
angle of notch. The total theoretical discharge over the notch is given by
5
8 𝜃
Qt = 15 √2𝑔 tan 𝐻2
2

Let Qa be the actual discharge, Then the coefficient of discharge, Cd is given by

𝑄
Cd = 𝑄𝑎
𝑡
Apparatus: Steady water supply with a means of varying the flow rate, approach channel,

V-notch weir plate, flow rate measuring facility, point gauge for measuring H.

Procedure:

• The weir plate was positioned at the end of approach channel, in a vertical plane, with
the sharp edge on the upstream side.
• Water was admitted to channel until the water discharges over the weir plate.
• The flow control valve was closed, and water was allowed to stop flowing over weir.
• The point gauge was set to a datum reading.
• The gauge was positioned about halfway between the notch plate and stilling baffle.
• Water was admitted to the channel and flow control valve was allowed to obtain
heads, H, increasing in steps of 1 cm.
• For each flow rate, conditions were stabilized, H was measured and recorded.
• Readings of volume and time using the volumetric tank was taken to determine the
flow rate.

Data:

Angle of the notch, 𝜃 = 90°

K= 23.6

Cross-sectional area of the measuring tank= 1320 cm2

Initial point gauge reading, h2 = 9 cm

Final point gauge reading, h1= 6 cm

Difference in reading = 3 cm

Trail Vol of Collection Actual Effective Theoretical Cd

water, V time, T Discharge Head, H Discharge,
Qa Qt
cm3 sec cm3/sec cm cm3/sec

1 5280 19 278 3 367.89 0.76

 No of 1 2 3 4
observation
Actual 132 278 278 507.69
discharge Qa
Effective head 2 4 3 2.3
H
Theoretical 133.4 755.2 367.89
discharge, Qt

Calculation:
8 90°
K = 15 × √2 × 981 × tan = 23.6
2

5280
Qa = = 278 cm3/s
19
5
Qt= 23.6× (3)2 = 367.89 cm3/s
278
Cd= = .76
367.89

Discussion: The variation of the calculation was affected by personal and instrumental
errors.