CASCADE AERATOR

What is the purpose of (cascade)aeration in water

● treatment?
Aeration is one of the important unit operation of gas transfer .
● The process of cascade aeration is based mainly on gravity and the aeration of this type have
more efficiency due high surface for contact with atmosphere.

● The aim of the aeration is to create extensive new and self renewing interface between air and
water to keep interfacial films from building up in thickness. The efficiency of aeration depends
on the amount of surface contact between air and water, which is controlled primarily by the
size of the water drop or air bubble or thickness of water lamina created.
Aeration of water is done to accomplish the following objectives AND It is used in the water
Treatment process for various resons
● It removes taste and odour.
● It increases the dissolved oxygen content of the water.
● It removes H2S (hydrogen sulphide),VOC and CH4 (Methane) hence odour due to this.
● It decreases the CO2 content of water and thereby reduces the corrosiveness and raises the ph
value.
● It converts iron and manganese from their soluble state to their insoluble state so that these can
be precipitated and removed.
● Due to aeration of water, aeration bacteria may be killed to some extent.
● It is also used for mixing chemicals with water.
● Also reduces temperature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGWOqAwNpas
● Discharge Q=25MLD
=25x106 l/day
=25x106x10-3
24x60x60
=0.289m3/sec
=1041.6m3/hr

a)Design of inlet pipe

Using contunity equation
Q=AxV
Assume velocity of flow through inlet pipe is 1m/’s
Q=0.29m3/sec
0.29=Phi xd2x1
4
d=0.60m
Actual area of inlet pipe= 0.29=Phi x0.62
4
A=0.28m 2
b)Design of Bottom cascade
● Discharge Q=1041.6m3/hr
● Assume total area required for aerator is 0.025m2/m3/hr
● Area of aerator=1041.6x0.025=26.04m2

● Actual area of inlet pipe is = 0.28 m2

● Gross area of aerator=26.04+0.28=26.32m2
26.32=Phi xD2
4
Say D=5.79m

C) Dimension of Aerator
Assume height of aerator is 3m and the riser to be provided for 5nos
Height of each riser=3/5=0.6m
Dia of tip=Dia of bottom cascade/no of riser provided
=5.79/5=1.158>dia of inlet pipe(0.6m)

Dia of 1st cascade=2xDia of tip

=2x1.158=2.316m
Dia of 2nd cascade=3xDia of tip
=3x1.158=3.474m
Dia of 3 cascade=4xDia of tip
rd

=4x1.158=4.632m
Dia of 4th cascade=5xDia of tip
=5x1.158=5.79m
=Dia of bottom cascade. Hence ok.
Assume the width of connecting channel is 1m .provide a free board of 0.3m to the
connecting channel and its total height is 1m.
D.Summary
1.Dia of inlet pipe=0.6m
2.Dia of bottom cascade=5.79m
3.No.of riser=5
4.Ht of riser=0.60m
5.Dia of tip=1.158m

6. Width of collecting channel=1m

7.Ht of collecting channel=1m
● Change the fig.