Professional Documents
Culture Documents
d g
geologist (n) a person who studies the
dangerous (adj) likely to harm or hurt earth and its rocks
Lions are dangerous w ild anim als. Geologists study rocks to fin d out how old
diary (n) a book in which a person writes they are.
what they have done each day geyser (n) a hot spring that sometimes
We can Learn a lot of history from old diaries. throws up water
dragon (n) an imaginary Some geysers throw water five metres in the
creature that can fly air.
and breathes fire
glacier (n) a river of ice that is found in
People used to believe that some mountains
dragons were real anim als.
You can walk across a jlacler but you must
be careful.
guide (n) a person who shows the way point of view the place from which
A guide took uls to the caves In. the desert. one sees things
From John’s point o f view the film was boring
h bat John doesn’t like film s, anyway.
hot spring (n) hot water that rises up out
of the ground r
Some hot springs are deep enough to swim In. rare (adj) unusual, not often seen
The giant panda Is very rare and not many
L people have seen one.
Iceland (n) an island in rough (adj) not smooth
the north Atlantic
Ocean The bark o f a tree feels rough.
k S
kingfisher (n) a bright blue bird that lives shoot up (v) to go upwards very fast
near rivers and catches fish Dad lit the firework and it shot up into the
We saw a flash o f blue as the kingfisher sky.
dived into the river.
spectacular (adj) amazing to look at
I The gold and silver palace
spectacular.
lava (n) the hot, liquid rock that comes out
of a volcano steam (v) to send up a
When lava cools It goes hard. cloud of tiny water
drops into the air
lynx (n) an animal in the
cat family The pot o f soap was
steaming over the fire.
A lynx has brown and grey
fa r and pointed ears. student (n) a person who is learning
My cousin is a student at the university.
m
mud (n) wet earth t
Please clean the mad o f f yoar shoes before tap (n) a metal object for turning on water
you come In. Mum turned on the tap and filled the jug.
mud pot (n) a kind of hot spring thrilling (adj) very exciting
where a little water mixes with volcanic Our journey across Australia was a thrilling
ash and makes a hot, muddy pool
adventure.
Mad pots sometimes babble noisily.
tomato (n) a small, round, red fruit that
grows on a plant
P We had tomato and cheese pizza for lunch.
peculiar (adj) strange, unusual
This plant is very peculiar because it eats V
insects. volcano (n) a place on the surface of the
personal (adj) belonging to a person earth where hot rock rises up from
The children keep their personal possessions
below
in their bags. Some volcanoes look like mountains.
c~
belong (v) to be owned by f
This Kouse belongs to my uncle. fact (n) something that is known to be
binoculars (n) special true
glasses that make It Is a fact that Earth goes round the sun.
things a long way in fact really, truly
away look bigger
Ben Is very tall. In fact, he Is the tallest boy in
I looked, at the
the class.
eagle through Dad’s
binoculars. flow (v) to move along smoothly
board up (v) to cover The water flowed under the bridge,
something with boards fuss (n) a lot of trouble
The windows o f the empty shop were Our new TV didn’t work so Dad went to the
boarded up. shop and made a big fuss about it.
borrow (v) to use something that belongs
to another person for a short time g
I f you want to borrow something, you must gap (n) an empty space
always ask first. There is a gap between the museum and the
briefcase (n) a case for keeping letters theatre.
and papers in gasp (n) the sound
The professor put his briefcase on the floor made when someone
beside his desk. breathes in quickly
through the mouth
bump into (v) (1) to meet by chance
We all gave a loud
We bumped into my aunt when we were at
gasp when we saw
the mall.
Grandma’s new car.
(2) to hit or knock against something grid (n) a barrier made
The car bumped into the w all and it fell of spaced metal rods going from top to
down. bottom and side to side
d The grid over the window stopped thieves
from climbing Into the house.
dull (adj) not bright
The sky was grey and dull so we didn’t go to K
the beach. hand-dyed (adj) coloured by a person
dye (n) a liquid that is used to colour cloth using dye on the cloth
In a factory, many metres o f cloth are put Hand-dyed cloth Is often expensive because
into a huge bowl o f dye at one time. every piece is different.
e t
event (n) something that happens imagine (v) to think of something in your
The queen’s visit to our school was an mind
exciting event. Ben imagined a scary monster and wrote a
story about it.
expect (v) to think something is going to
happen iron (n) a hard, strong metal
I expect the bus w ill come early so we must Bridges are often made of iron.
run to the bus stop.
L rusty (adj) (metal) turned to a red-orange
colour and damaged because of rain
lock (v) to turn the key in a door or box to water and bad weather
stop it being opened
The lock was rusty and the key would not
Mu.m Locked the door when we left home. turn.
m 5
mysterious (adj) having a quality of season (n) a time of the year
mystery
Spring is the season when flowers begin to
The mysterious man wore a tall black hat grow.
and a long black cloak.
set up (v) to put up
mystery (n) something strange that
The fisherm an set up a table In the market
cannot be easily explained or
understood and began to sell his fish.
The disappearance o f the treasure from the shudder (v) to shake because of fear or
locked room was a mystery. dislike
Grandma always shudders when she sees a
a snake.
nail (v) to fix with a nail sigh (n) the sound a person makes by
The carpenter nailed two pieces of wood breathing out of the mouth quietly
together.
My sister sighed happily when she saw our
new baby brother.
P single (adj) one alone
padlock (n) a metal object with a hook
that can be locked with a key and There wasn’t a single person in the street - It
which can be used to hold things was completely empty.
together
There was a heavy padlock on the door o f the
t
museum so we knew that It was closed.
temper (n) usual way of behaving
Grandma is alw ays in a good temper In the
peer (v) to look closely and carefully morning.
Sam peered over the w all and saw something
am azing. tile (n) a flat square shape that makes
part of a roof
promise (v) to agree to do something In Italy the tiles on the roofs are usually red.
Anna promised that she would fin ish her
homework. trapped (adj) caught
The bird was trapped In the building when
r someone closed the window.
relief (n) the happy feeling when a worry
is ended a
It was a relle f when I finished my project. underneath (prep) below
The cars went into the tunnel and drove
rod (n) a long, thin, round piece of wood
underneath the river.
or metal
Dad’s fishing rod Is very strong and he upstream (adv) further up the river
catches big fish. The water is calm here but upstream It flows
over rocb.
w e
weed (n) a wild plant that is not wanted endangered (adj) in danger
where it is The endangered village was close to the
We took a ll the weeds ou.t of Grandma’s volcano.
garden and she was very pleased.
f
fable (n) a story that teaches something
The fable o f The Lion and the Mouse
teaches you that little friends can be big
friends.
a fearful (adj) afraid
about (adv) close to, nearly
Mum was fe a rfu l that we would miss our
We moved to A frica when I was about six.
train because our ta xi was late.
advice (n) sensible ideas
fearless (adj) without fear
When my aunt got married, Grandma gave
Heroes are usually brave and fearless,
her lots o f helpful advice.
fellow (n) a man
b Our neighbour is a strange fellow.
bamboo (n) a tall forest plant that grows
in parts of China file (n) a folder that pieces of paper can be
put into and taken out of
Pandas live In bamboo forests.
I am keeping my bears project in a file.
bear (n) a large, fierce
animal that lives in fact file (n) a file of information
woods and has thick fur about a subject with facts that are
easy to find and understand
Bears can swim well and
There is a fa ct file about anim als In the
they climb trees.
library.
C fortunately (adv) luckily
cattle (n) cows and bulls Grandpa fe ll down the steps but fortunately
People have kept cattle for thousands of he wasn’t hurt.
years.
chorus (n) the verse of a song or poem
h
that is repeated several times habitat (n) the place where animals live
The chorus was easy to learn but the verses A panda’s natural habitat Is a bamboo forest.
were harder.
k
cry (v) to call out in a loud voice kangaroo (n) a large animal from
The clown asked, "Where Is my hat?” Australia with strong back legs and a
"It’s on your head!" the children cried. thick tail
Kangaroos don’t run, they jump!
d.
dead (adj) not alive koala bear (n) a small Australian bear
that lives in trees and eats leaves
Mum thought the mouse was dead but
Koala bears look nice but they are fierce.
suddenly It moved and she screamed.
destroy (v) to damage something so
badly that it cannot be used
The house was destroyed by fire.
sweet (adj) cute, pretty
moral (n) a sentence that tells you what This Is my baby sister, isn’t she sweet?
a story means and which teaches you
something t
The moral o f The Howe and the Tortoise timid (adj) easily scared
shows you that people who begin by doing Koala bears are timid creatures and they hide
things quickly do not alw ays fin ish first. In the trees.
P
panda (n) a kind of bear that lives in
China
U n itQ
Pandas have black and white fur.
pitch (n) an area for playing a sport like
a
football altogether (adv) in the whole group
Grandma has eleven grandchildren
The players ran onto the pitch and everyone
altogether.
cheered.
pretend (v) to act ancient (adj) very old
These ancient ruins were discovered 300
Harry pretended to be the teacher and he
years ago.
made everyone laugh.
apart (adv) away
r Anna was cross with her friends so she sat
repeat (v) to say again apart from them.
The teacher said the word and the children
come apart (v) to break into two
repeated it. pieces
rhyme (v) when two words end with the Both o f the boys pulled the toy plane and it
same sounds suddenly came apart.
’Bright’ rhymes w ith ’white’.
apron (n) a piece of clothing that protects
rhythm (n) the pattern of sounds in music a woman's dress from dirt
or poetry Nowadays nurses o ften wear a plastic apron.
Dancers move to the rhythm o f the music,
Aran (n) an island off
risk (n) a chance of danger the coast of Ireland
Running across the road Is a risk,
at risk in danger
b
blackberry (n) a small
When their boat sank the sailors were at risk dark fruit about the
o f drowning. size of a grape
You can pick blackberries In the woods and
s hedges in England.
safety (n) freedom from danger
blouse (n) a piece of clothing like a shirt
During the Great Fire o f London the people for a girl or a woman
found safety in boats on the river.
My favourite blouse has blue and red
sniff (v) to smell something by taking air buttons.
in through the nose
brain (n) the part of your body that is
The dog sn iffe d the ground and began to
inside your head and you use to think
follow the smell. with
snout (n) the nose of a bear People have bigger brains than monkeys.
A bear can dig up roots with its snout.
c headscarf (n) a scarf worn over the head
century (n) a period of a hundred years Grandma bought a pretty headscarf at the
My father’s fam ily has lived here for two g ift shop.
centuries. hollow (adj) with nothing inside
complete (adj) whole, finished This old log Is hollow and you can crawl
through It.
When Ben’s project was complete, he gave it
to his teacher. I
complicated (adj) with a lot of detail and information (n) a lot of facts about
not easy to follow something
This pattern is too complicated to copy, You can fin d information in boob and on the
internet.
condor (n) a large American bird
Ireland (n) the large island
The condor lives in the mountains o f South
to the west of England
America.
countryside (n) the land away from the l
towns and cities leave alone (v) (1) to
M any people like to go to the countryside at not touch or change
the weekend. something
Your picture Is good so you should leave it
croak (v) to make a rough sound like a
alone now.
frog
When Dad had a sore throat he couldn’t (2) to keep away from someone or
speak - he croaked! something
Sam was in a bad temper so we decided to
crop (n) the plants and fruits that farmers
leave him alone.
grow
The crops need rain In the spring, love (n) strong feelings of liking someone
or something very much
cruel (n) very, very unkind
Grandma loves a ll her grandchildren.
It is cruel to hurt anim als.
m.
e meaning (n) the sense of a word or
exactly (adv) (1) correctly sentence
Ben measured the line exactly. If you don’t know the meaning of a word,
(2) quite right, I agree fin d It In your dictionary.
’’This film is boring,” said Ben. motherhood (n) the time of being a
"Exactly!” replied Sam. "I wanted to watch the mother
other one.” Auntie Sue has eight children and she enjoys
f her motherhood.
h P
heading (n) the word or a few words paragraph (n) a group of sentences about
above a paragraph that tell you what one subject
the paragraph will be about For homework we have to write a paragraph
o
This paragraph Is about elephants In A frica about bears.
and the heading is 'A frican elephants’.
plain (adj) simple, not patterned t
My cousin cKose a plain white dress for ker title (n) the name of a book, a text, a film
wedding. or poem
pullover (n) a piece of If tke title o f a book sounds interesting, I’ll
clothing made of read it.
wool that is put on toad (n) a creature like a large frog
by pulling it over the
head Toads eat insects and like wet places.
Jim pat on kis pullover traditional (adj) usual and done for many
because it was cold by years
tke sea. At New Year in China, letting o ff firew orb is
traditional.
q- tray (n) a flat piece of wood, metal or
Quechua (n) a language spoken in South plastic for carrying things on
America Grandma carried tke cake and plates on a
Many people in Peru speak Queckua. round tray.
r V
react (v) to do an action because of village (n) a small group of houses in the
something you have seen or heard countryside
Wken my cousin got kis exam m arb ke Most of tke people who live in this village
reacted by jumping up and down. work on farms.
represent (v) to stand in place of
something W
In our play we used a big piece o f blue
waste (n) to use something badly
m aterial to represent tke sea. Harry wasted kis paper wken ke wrote one
word then threw it away.
rubbish (n) (1) things that are not wanted
and are thrown away waste of time time used to do
Sometimes there is rubbish in tke street and it
something that is not useful or
important
loob terrible.
Some TV programmes are a waste of time but
(2) a silly or untrue idea some are brilliant.
Ben said, "There are little green men on
Mars” but Harry said, "That’s rubbish! Z
zoo (n) the place where wild animals are
S kept and people go to look at them
skill (n) the ability to do something well We saw a tiger at tke zoo.
You need a lot of skill to drive fast and
safely.
strength (n) how strong something is
Tke strength of tke cables holds up tke
unit O
bridge.
sub-heading (n) a heading in a text that
a
comes after the main heading airport (n) a place where planes land and
take off
You can read tke sub-headings to fin d out
Wken you fly to another country, you arrive
what parts o f tke text are about.
at tke airport.
b fashion show
fashions
a display of new
breathlessly (adv) in a way that is
There Is a big fashion show in Paris every
without much breath
year.
A fter he won the race, Sam. spoke
breathlessly. fluffy (adj) soft and light, like wool or
feathers
business (n) a factory or shop
Nina picked up the kitten which felt flu ffy
My ancle’s business is in the city centre. and warm.
business trip a visit made for the
work of the business g
On his business trip, Mr Brown met the town gorgeous (adj) really lovely, beautiful
mayor. My aunt bought the most expensive dress
because It was so gorgeous.
c
comic (n) a magazine with pictures and k
stories written for children kilt (n) a traditional piece of clothing
Anna bought a comic at the station and. she like a skirt sometimes worn by men in
read it on the train. Scotland
confidently (adv) in a sure and certain Dad wore his kilt when he and Mum were
way married.
Sam knew the right answer so he replied to kimono (n) a traditional piece of Japanese
his teacher confidently. clothing like a long coat
cotton (n, adj) a material made from the Kimonos are worn by men and women in
cotton plant Japan.
Sheets and curtains are o f ten made o f
cotton and I have a pair o f cotton trousers.
I
leather (n, adj) animal skin that has
d been made into a material for making
fashion items
designer (n) a person who designs things
Mum’s favourite bag Is made of leather and
The designer o f the Sydney Opera House won
Dad has a leather briefcase.
a prize.
designer sunglasses sunglasses m
which have been designed by a well- Malaysia (n) a country
known fashion designer in south east Asia
Designer sunglasses are more expensive than match (v) (1) to go well
sunglasses from the supermarket. with something else
f that is the same or similar
These blue shoes match my blue dress
fancy dress (n) a costume you wear to exactly!
look like someone or something
The children wore fancy dress to the party: (2) to put together two things that are
Nina was a butterfly and Harry was a robot. the same or go well together
For homework we had to match words with
fashion (n) modern clothes their meanings.
My cousin likes fashion and she often buys
new clothes.
a Unit 0
nephew (n) a boy child of your brother or
sister
My sister’s baby boy Is ray nephew.
a
activity (n) an action, something you do
niece (n) a girl child of your brother or Sam’s favourite activity Is playing computer
sister
games.
My brother’s Little girl is ray only niece.
arrange (v) to put in the right place and
in order
P Nina arranged her dolls on the shelf.
patterned (adj) having a pattern on
This jag is patterned, w ith red spots, attractive (adj) looking nice and liked by
people
plot (n) the events of a story in order This attractive village has lots o f tourists.
We didn’t Like the film, becaase the plot was
hard to understand. C
project (n) a piece of work usually about calm (adj) (1) (of water) flat, without
one subject waves
Oar next project w ill be about space. A fter the storm, the sea was calm.
(2) (a person) quiet, not upset
S
After the accident the police told everyone to
sari (n) a traditional piece of clothing like stay calm.
a dress worn by women in India
Saris are usually beautiful bright colours. canoe (n) a long thin boat that can be
moved on water by one person
sarong (n) a traditional piece of clothing You can go fast In a canoe,
like a skirt worn by men and women in
south east Asia clear (adj) can be seen through
A sarong Is made o f one piece of cloth. Windows usually have clear glass in them,
Scottish (adj) from Scotland cute (adj) pretty, attractive
My uncle Is Scottish, Baby anim als always look cute.
shy (adj) nervous of strangers e
M illie didn’t speak to anyone on her first day effect (n) a change
o f school because she felt shy.
One e ffect o f the storm was many fallen
silky (adj) looking or feeling like silk trees.
Some cats have smooth silky fur. to have an effect to make a change
sort out (v) to work out a problem The teacher’s wise words had an effect on
Our new TV didn’t work so Dad took it to the the class and they worked harder.
shop and asked them to sort It out. encourage (v) to give hope and
stage directions (n) the instructions to confidence
actors in a play The players were encouraged by the shouts o f
At the end of the scene the stage directions their friends.
said: Odysseus jumps into the sea. explore (v) to travel through and look at a
place for the first time
The children explored the woods In the valley.
K 5
South Pacific (n) the southern part of the
hidden (adj) not seen by anyone
Pacific Ocean
The way into the cave was hidden, by plants
There are thousands of sm all islands in the
horseback (n) by horse South Pacific.
In the past, most people travelled on sparkling (adj) shining and glittering
horseback.
The queen wore a crown that was sparkling
J with jewels.
surf (n) the tops of waves that are
jet-ski (n) a vehicle for travelling quickly
over water breaking onto the beach
Jet-skis are fa st and noisy. The su rf looks white against the blue sea.
I t
lagoon (n) a bay of water that has land Tahiti (n) an island in the Pacific Ocean
almost all round it
The water in a lagoon is asaally calm.
lend (v) to let someone use something of
yours for a short time
Ben lent a CD to Sam.
m
magic (adj) making something unusual Tahitian (adj) of or from Tahiti
happen without explanation Tahitian people are good fishermen and
My ancle’s best magic trick is when he palls a sailors.
hage banch o f flowers from his hat.
turquoise (adj) a blue-green colour
meet (v) to be in the same place and talk Turquoise is my mum’s favourite colour.
to someone
We met Aant Jalie at the m all and had V
lanch together. volcanic (adj) to do with volcanoes
You can fin d volcanic rocks a ll over the
P world.
pathway (n) the route of a path
We followed the pathway into the castle.
W
windsurf (v) to travel over waves on a
persuade (v) to make someone do, think board with a sail
or agree to do something
You have to be strong to w indsurf well,
Sam persaaded his dad to take him to the
football game. wise (adj) sensible, knowing a lot
Grandma did not study at a university but
r she is a very wise person.
reef (n) a long line of rocks just under the
surface of the sea
Reefs are dangerous to ships because they are
hard to see.
heart (n) part of the body that sends
U n it© blood around it
If you do sport every day, your heart w ill work
a better.
arrival (n) the time when someone or hideous (adj) horrible and ugly
something arrives My aunt has a hideous vase on her table.
We waited, excitedly for the plane’s arrival. horror (n) fear and dislike
arrow (n) a stick with one sharp end and Mum can’t forget her horror o f snakes.
feathers at the other end
In some places people still use arrows to kill k
anim als. kindly (adv) in a kind way
The teacher spoke kindly to the little boy.
b
bow (n) a long, curved piece of wood I
with string that is used for shooting an law (n) a rule that everyone must obey
arrow It is against the law to drive fast In the city.
Sometimes a bow is as tall as a man.
legend (n) a story that comes from a true
bury (v) to put into the ground and cover event from the past
"The pirates buried their gold on the island. There are many legends about kings and
princes.
C
cause (n) reason m
The caase o f the children’s argument was a meanwhile (adv) at the same time
broken toy. Sam was playing football. Meanwhile, Anna
chief (n) the most important person in a was doing her homework.
group meeting (n) an event when a number
When the chle f spoke, everyone listened. of people come together to talk and
discuss
f At break there was a meeting of the football
fear (n) the feeling of being afraid team.
Nina’s fear o f spiders stopped her from mind (v) to not like something or disagree
sitting in the gou~den. about it
"Do you mind if I borrow your pen? ’ Jack
g asked M llly.
gentle (adj) calm and quiet, touching
lightly don't mind to be ready to do
something or to let someone do
You must be gentle when you pick up the something
kitten.
I don’t mind doing the washing up.
h I don’t mind if you borrow my book.
harm (v) hurt a
Luckily, no one was harmed during the storm. nation (n) all the people who live in a
hate (v) the very strong feeling of not country or a part of the world
liking someone or something The Welsh nation are great singers.
The evil man felt only hate for other people.
native (adj) belonging to a place W
The native people o f Perm are called Indians. warrior (n) fighter
neighbour (n) a person who lives next to The chief went to war with a handred o f his
you or near you best warriors.
Mam does the shopping for oar nelghboar weapons (n) things to fight or do harm
becaase she Is ill. with
In the past, a soldier’s weapons were a sword
P and a spear.
paddle (v) to move a canoe through the wisely (adv) in a wise way
water using a piece of wood
Ben acted wisely when he stayed at home to
Once yoa learn to paddle, canoeing is fan!
fin ish his project.
part (n) a character in a play
I want to be Odysseas. W hich part do yoa
want to play?
peace (n) a time when there is no war or
U n itQ
fighting
Most people want to live In peace.
a
ambulance (n) a vehicle for taking sick or
S injured people to hospital
sadness (n) the feeling of being sad This man has broken his leg so we mast phone
There was sadness in the castle when the old for an ambalance.
Icing died.
C
spread (v) to tell a lot of people cleanliness (n) being clean
The mayor spread his ideas aboat the new Cleanliness Is very Important when somebody
city maseam. Is ill or hart.
stranger (n) someone you do not know
The stranger who spoke to my ancle asked
d
where the station was.
disgrace (n) something bad, not pleasing
This antldy classroom is a disgrace!
t in disgrace thought by other people
tribe (n) a large group of people who to be very bad
live near together and have the same
Ben was in disgrace becaase he stole some
language and traditions
money.
Some tribes in Soath America live in the
rainforest. disposable (adj) can be thrown away
Disposable plastic gloves are not expensive so
truth (n) what is true doctors ase them once only.
Yoa mast always tell the trath.
divide (v) to separate into two or more
to tell the truth in fact, really parts
I don’t like cheese - to tell the trath, I hate It! Mam divided the cake Into eight pieces.
U n it © f
fed up (adj) bored and a bit cross
a The children were fed up because It rained
for two days.
anxious (adj) worried
Try not to be anxious about the exam. fever (n) an illness when the body
becomes too hot
b When someone has a fever, you must cool the
bark (n) the outside of a tree body.
Some trees have smooth bark and some have forever (adv) for all time
rough bark. Sam told his grandma he would love her
blood (n) the red liquid inside your body forever.
Sam realised he had cut him self when he
saw blood on his knee.
h
hate (v) to dislike someone or something
bone (n) the hard parts inside the body of very much
a person or animal Sam hates eggs and he never eats them.
You can feel your bones under your skin.
bud (n) a tightly closed flower before it I
opens life (n) the time when someone or
something is alive
When the sun shines, the buds begin to open.
Doctors spend their lives helping people.
C life cycle (n) the way in which a plant
calm (v) to make someone or something or animal grows and makes a new
still and quiet plant or animal before it dies
The nurse calmed the old lady by talking to We learned about the life cycle of a frog in
her kindly. science.
clearing (n) a small open space between light (v) to make alight
trees in a forest We must light the candles because there is no
Grass grew in the clearing where the sunlight electricity.
fell.
m shoot (n) the first green part of a new
Madagascar (n) a large plant that shows above the ground
island near the coast When you see the first shoot, you know the
of Africa plant w ill grow.
chart (n) information shown in a table freestyle (adj) when any way of doing
with lines and squares things is allowed
This chart shows how tall and how old the The competition was freestyle and the skier
children are. jumped backwards o ff the rock.
r
run (v) to work
Tke car engine was running so I didn’t hear
w kat Dad said.
Conversational phrases
All right "Can I have one of your sweets?" "Nonsense! It's fascinating!"
"All right. Here you are." Not at all "Thanks for your help." "Not
Anyway "I'm too busy to go to the mall. at all."
Anyway, I haven't got any money." of course "Do you like holidays?" "Yes, of
Congratulations! "I‘ve passed my exam." course."
“That's wonderful! Congratulations!" Oh dear "I feel ill." "Oh d e a r... Shall I
Definitely! "Is your team going to win?" phone the doctor?"
"Definitely!" Okay/OK "Do you want a sandwich?"
Definitely not! "You're not going to miss "Okay. Thanks."
the party, are you?" "Definitely not!" Poor ... "John's broken his leg." "Poor
Don't be silly! "My hair is horrible." John!" "I've got an exam tomorrow."
"Don't be silly! You've got lovely hair." "Poor you!"
Exactly! "This film's boring." "Exactly! I Really? "I'm going to Australia." "Really?
agree with you." That's wonderful!"
Excuse me "Excuse me! Can I speak to Right "I'm busy tomorrow." "Right. I'll see
you for a moment?" you on Saturday then."
Go away! "Go away! I'm trying to work." So "So, John, you were born in Australia."
Go on "I've got a secret. I can't tell you." Sorry? "Sorry? What did you say? I don't
"Oh, go on. Please tell me." understand."
Good idea! "Let's play basketball." "Yes! That's rubbish! "My team's the best."
Good idea!" "That's rubbish! Your team's the
Guess what! "Guess what! I've won first worst."
prize in a competition!" To my mind "To my mind football is the
Hey! "Hey! Look at this!" best sport of all."
How about ...? "I like sports. How about To tell the truth "To tell the truth I don't
you?" really like ice cream."
Hurry up! "Hurry up! We're going to be Well "What are your hobbies?" "Well, I
late." like sports."
I bet "Look at that fantastic car! I bet it What about ...? "I passed my English
goes really fast." exam." "What about science?"
I get it! "Grapes, oranges, bananas ... I What else ...? "I bought some CDs."
get it! You're making a fruit salad." "What else did you buy?"
I'm afraid "Would you like some What nonsense! "I'm too ill to go to
chicken?" "I don't like chicken, I'm school." "What nonsense! You're not
afraid." ill."
In my opinion "In my opinion science is What now? "You've complained about
fascinating." the weather and the food. What now?"
Leave ... alone "I don't want to speak to What's the matter? "You look worried.
you. Leave me alone." What's the matter? Tell me."
like the look of "I don't like the look of Would you mind ...? "It's noisy in here.
those black clouds. It's going to rain." Would you mind closing the door?"
Lucky ...! "Wendy's on holiday." "Lucky Wow! "Look at this photo!" "Wow! It's
Wendy!""l'm going to the beach." fantastic!"
"Lucky you!" You're joking! "There's a tiger on the
Never mind! "I've broken your ruler." roof." "You're joking! I don't believe
"Never mind! I've got another one." you."
Nonsense! "Stamp collecting is boring."
Irregular verbs
be was been hang hung hung
become became become have had had
begin began begun hear / heard heard
bet bet bet hide hid hidden
blow blew blown hold held held
break broke broken hurt hurt hurt
bring brought brought keep kept kept
build built built kneel knelt* knelt*
burn burnt * burnt* know knew known
burst burst burst lay laid laid
buy bought bought lead led led
catch caught caught lean leant* leant*
choose chose chosen leap leapt* leapt*
come came come learn learnt* learnt*
cost cost cost leave left left
cut cut cut lend lent lent
dig dug dug let let let
do did done lie lay lain
draw drew drawn light lit lit
dream dreamt* dreamt* lose lost lost
drink drank drunk make made made
drive drove driven mean meant meant
eat ate eaten meet met met
fall fell fallen pay paid paid
feed fed fed put put put
feel felt felt read read read
fight fought fought ride rode ridden
find found found ring rang rung
fly flew flown rise rose risen
forget forgot forgotten run ran run
freeze froze frozen say said said
give gave given see saw seen
get got got sell sold sold
go went gone send sent sent
grow grew grown set set set
Verbs marked * also have regular forms:
burn, burned, burned; dream, dreamed, dreamed; learn, learn, learned, etc.
©
shake shook shaken Present perfect
shine shone shone A tree has fallen across the road.
shoot shot shot The children have eaten all the cakes.
show showed shown* Present perfect continuous
shut shut shut It has been raining for hours.
sing sang sung The boys have been playing football since
sink sank sunk ten o'clock.
sit sat sat Present simple passive
sleep slept slept Fruit and vegetables are sold at the market.
slide slid slid English is taught by Mrs Thomas.
smell smelt* smelt*
speak spoke spoken Present perfect passive
speed sped sped The window has been broken.
spend spent spent The diamonds have been stolen.
spin spun spun Past simple
spread spread spread My uncle went to America last year.
stand stood stood Yesterday Joe forgot to do his homework.
steal stole stolen
stuck
Past continuous
stick stuck
Sue was speaking to her friend.
swim swam swum
The sun was shining.
swing swung swung
take took taken Past perfect
teach taught taught After the children had eaten their dinner,
tear tore torn they watched TV.
tell told told Lucy lost the necklace which her
think thought thought grandmother had given her.
throw threw thrown Past simple passive
understand understood understood I was woken by a loud noise.
wake woke woken The photos were taken by Lucy's father.
wear wore worn Future
weave wove woven I will write the letter tomorrow.
win won won The train will leave at six o'clock.
write wrote written
First conditional
Present simple If he runs to the station, he will catch the
I go to school by bus. train.
Grandma makes lovely cakes. You will meet my cousins if you come to my
Present continuous party.
The lion is sleeping. Second conditional
The children are learning French. If I went to France, I would learn French.
You would feel better if you ate something.
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