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Class 11 - Geography
Term-2 Sample Paper - 01

Maximum Marks: 35
Time Allowed: 2 hours

General Instructions:

i. Question paper is divided into 5 sections A, B, C, D & E

ii. In section A, questions number 1 to 3 are Very Short Answer type questions. Attempt any 3 questions.
iii. In section B, question number 4 is a Source-based question.
iv. In section C, questions number 5 & 6 are Short Answer based questions.
v. In section D, questions number 7 to 9 are Long Answer based questions.
vi. In section E, question number 10 is a Map-based question.

SECTION A (VSA)
1. What do you mean by atmospheric pressure?
2. Atmosphere gets heated up indirectly by terrestrial radiation and not directly by sunrays. Explain.
3. By which elements is atmosphere made up of?

OR

How does the composition of air keep changing in upper layers of the earth?
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SECTION B (SOURCE BASED QUESTION)
4. Indian monsoon, the most prominent of the world’s monsoon systems, which primarily
affects India and its surrounding water bodies. It blows from the northeast during cooler months and
reverses direction to blow from the southwest during the warmest months of the year. This process
brings large amounts of rainfall to the region during June and July.
i. What is meant by bursting of monsoon?
ii. Why do the Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during south-west monsoon?
iii. What is the direction of winds in Kerala during retreating monsoon?
SECTION C (SHORT ANSWER)
5. Explain the difference between terrestrial eco system and aquatic ecosystem.
6. What is Haze? How is it caused?

OR

How is rainfall caused?

SECTION D (LONG ANSWER)
7. Explain the features of alluvial soils.
8. Explain any three factors that influence the temperature distribution of the oceans.

OR

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Define the continental shelf.

9. On the basis of actual forest cover, in how many categories have Indian states been divided?
SECTION E (MAP)
10. On the outline map of India, locate and label the following:
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i. Southern-most point of mainland India
ii. Biosphere Reserve of Achanakmar-Amarkantak
iii. BWhw hot desert regions according to Koppen’s Scheme
iv. Areas of Montane forests
v. The river that flows in a rift valley

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Class 11 - Geography
Term-2 Sample Paper - 01

Solution

SECTION A (VSA)
1. Air has weight. The atmosphere is held to the earth due to the gravitational pull of the earth. It exerts
its weight as pressure on the earth’s surface. It is the weight of a column of air extending from the
ground to the outermost layer of the atmosphere. This is known as Atmospheric pressure. At this rate,
the atmospheric pressure on each of us weighs nearly one tonne.
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2. The insolation received by the earth is in short waves forms and heats up its surface. The earth after
being heated itself becomes a radiating body and it radiates energy to the atmosphere in long wave
form. This energy heats up the atmosphere from below. This process is known as terrestrial radiation.
The long wave radiation is absorbed by the atmospheric gases particularly by carbon dioxide and the
other green house gases. Thus, the atmosphere is indirectly heated by the earth’s radiation. The
atmosphere in turn radiates and transmits heat to the space. Finally the amount of heat received from
the sun is returned to space, thereby maintaining constant temperature at the earth’s surface and in
the atmosphere.
3. Atmosphere is made up of gases, water vapours and dust particles.The proportion of gases changes in
the higher layers of the atmosphere in such a way that oxygen will be almost in negligible quantity at
the height of 120 km. Similarly, carbon dioxide and water vapour are found only up to 90 km from the
surface of the earth.

OR

The air in our atmosphere is composed of molecules of different gases. The most common gases are
nitrogen (78%), oxygen (about 21%), and argon (almost 1%). While the composition doesn't change
much as you travel up through the lower layersof the atmosphere, what does change is the number of
molecules.
SECTION B (SOURCE BASED QUESTION)
4. i. The sudden onset of the moisture-laden winds associated with violent thunder and lightning is
often termed as the 'break' or 'burst" of the monsoon.
ii. The Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during south-west monsoon due to:
a. It is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon.
b. It lies in the rain shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon.
iii. The direction of winds in Kerala during retreating monsoon is from north to east and from east to
west.
SECTION C (SHORT ANSWER)
5.
Terrestrial Ecosystem Aquatic Ecosystem
Terrestrial ecosystem is classified into 'biomes'.
Plant and animal community that covers a large
geographical area is biome. The boundaries of Aquatic ecosystems can be classified as

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different biomes on land are determined mainly freshwater and marine ecosystems. Freshwater
by climate. Therefore,the total assemblage of ecosystem includes lakes, ponds, streams,
plant and animal species interacting within marshes and bogs. Marine ecosystem includes the
specific conditions can be referred to as Biomes. oceans, estuaries and coral reefs.
Forest, grassland desert and tundra biomes are
some of the major biomes of the world.
Rainfall, temperature, soil type, latitude, height,
Water bodies determine the boundaries of aquatic
etc determines the boundaries of terrestrial
ecosystem.
ecosystem.
6. Haze is caused by smoke and dust particles in individual areas. It is caused to the unequal refraction of
light in the air of different densities. It is caused by areas of low humidity. It reduces visibility to 2 km.

OR

Rainfall: Humidity is the basis of rain. The general cause of rainfall is the cooling of the saturated air.
The mechanism of rainfall passes through many stages.
i. Condensation: The moist rising air is cooled, saturated and condensation takes place.
ii. Formation of clouds: Water vapour is condensed on a large number of dust particles to form
clouds.
iii. Formation of raindrops: The cloud droplets coalesce (merge) to form raindrops. One raindrop often
contains one million cloud droplets. When these raindrops become so heavy that air cannot hold
these, these fall on the earth in the form of rainfall. Thus, the release of moisture in the form of
drops of water is called rainfall.
SECTION D (LONG ANSWER)
7. Alluvial Soil:
i. It is the most important type of soil found in India covering about 40 percent of the total land area.
It is very fertile and contributes to the largest share of agricultural wealth. This soil supports nearly
half of the Indian population.
ii. The alluvial soils contain adequate potash, phosphoric acid and lime. Therefore, it is very fertile.
iii. They are generally deficient in organic and nitrogenous contents.
iv. The fine particles of sand, silt and clay are called alluvium. The alluvial soil can be divided into old
alluvium, also called Bhangar, and new alluvium called khadar. Remember, the new alluvium can
be about ten thousand years old.
v. The old alluvium often contains lime nodules, known as Kankar.
vi. The fertility of the alluvial soil varies from place to place. Due to its softness and fertility, alluvial
soil is most suited to irrigation and can produce bumper crops of rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane,
tobacco, cotton, jute, oilseeds, etc.
8. The factors which affect the distribution of temperature of ocean water are explained below:
i. Latitude: The ocean water gets heated by the absorption of solar radiation. The sun's rays are
always vertical at the equator, but because of the spherical shape of the earth, with increasing
distance from the equator, the rays become more and more slants. The temperature of surface
water decreases from the equator towards the poles because the amount of insolation decreases
poleward. The enclosed seas in the low latitudes record relatively higher temperature than the
open seas; whereas the enclosed seas in the high latitudes have a lower temperature than the open
seas.
ii. Unequal distribution of land and water: The uneven and unequal distribution of Earth’s land
and oceans causes there to be moisture circulation in order to maintain balance. Their distribution

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determines large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. Their dissimilar heat
capacities, with Oceans having a much greater capacity relative to land, drive continental-scale
convective atmosphere transport. The oceans in the northern hemisphere receive more heat due to
their contact with a larger extent of land than the oceans in the southern hemisphere.
iii. Prevailing wind: Temperature of the surface water of the oceans and seas is also affected by the
prevailing winds. When the warm air masses from over the heated land areas in the tropical
regions move over the oceans, their surface temperatures are immediately raised. The effect of
such winds is especially marked on the landlocked or partially enclosed seas. The winds blowing
from the land towards the oceans drive warm surface water away from the coast resulting in the
upwelling of cold water from below. As a result, there is a longitudinal variation in the
temperature. On the contrary, the onshore winds pile up warm water near the coast and this raises
the temperature.

OR

The portion of the land which is submerged under seawater constitutes a continental shelf. The
continental shelf is hallowed and its depth is not more than 2000 meters. Its slope from land to sea is
about 2 meters per km. The average depth is 70-75 km. Though it varies from a few meters to hundreds
of km. In all about 7.5 percent of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The
continental shelves may be of different types e.g. Glaciated shelves (example sea near New England);
Broad river shelves (example, Yellow sea and the Gulf of Siam) and coral shelves e.g. those of Eastern
Australia.
The origin of the continental shelves is controversial:
i. Some scholars think that the shelves are the product of the deposition of rivers, winds or ocean
waves.
ii. But some continental shelves might be the result of subsidence of the coastal areas.
iii. Diastrophic forces are also responsible for the origin and development of shelves. Old beaches and
marines can be identified on the shelves.
iv. The shelves are of great use to man as:
a. Marine food comes almost entirely, from them.
b. About 20 percent of oil and gas in the world is extracted from them.
c. They are large stores of sand and gravel.
d. They are the sites of productive fishing grounds.
9. On the basis of the percentage of the actual forest cover, the states have been grouped into four
regions:
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i. The region of high concentration > 40: It includes Andaman and Nicobar islands, Mizoram,
Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh which have 80% of their total area under forests. Manipur, Tripura,
Meghalaya, Sikkim and Dadar and Haveli have forest cover between 40- 80%.
ii. The region of medium concentration 20-40: It includes Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Goa, Kerala,
Assam and Himachal Pradesh. In Goa, actual forest cover is 33.27% which is highest in this range.
Thereafter, comes Assam and Orissa. In other states, 30% of their area is covered with forests.
iii. The region of low concentration 10- 20: It includes states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
iv. The region of very low concentration < 10: It includes states of' Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, and

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Gujarat. It also includes the union territories of Delhi and Chandigarh. It also includes West Bengal.
SECTION E (MAP)
10. i. Kanyakumari: Located in the southernmost tip of Tamil Nadu state.
ii. Achanakmar-Amarkantak: Located in Chhattisgarh state.
iii. BWhw hot desert regions: Areas of Extreme western Rajasthan.
iv. Areas of Montane forests: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttranchal, Sikkim,
Arunachal Pradesh.
v. Narmada: Located in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat state.

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