Science 

Quarter 3 – Module 4:  

Factors That Affect
 
Climate  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Science – Grade 9
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Factors that Affect Climate
First Edition, 2021

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 9 
Science 
Quarter 3 – Module 4: 
Factors That Affect Climate 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Introductory Message 

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, 
can  continue  your  studies  and  learn  while  at  home.  Activities,  questions, 
directions,  exercises,  and  discussions  are  carefully  stated  for  you  to 
understand each lesson.  
 
Each  SLM  is  composed  of  different  parts.  Each  part  shall  guide  you 
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.  
 
Pre-tests  are  provided  to  measure  your  prior  knowledge on lessons in each 
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if 
you  need  to  ask  your  facilitator  or  your  teacher’s  assistance  for  better 
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer 
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each 
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.  
 
In  addition  to  the  material  in  the  main  text,  Notes  to  the  Teacher  are  also 
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how 
they can best help you on your home-based learning.  
 
Please  use  this  module  with  care.  Do  not  put  unnecessary  marks  on  any 
part  of  this  SLM.  Use  a  separate  sheet  of  paper in answering the exercises 
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. 
If  you  have  any  questions  in  using  this  SLM  or  any  difficulty in answering 
the  tasks  in  this  module,  do  not  hesitate  to  consult  your  teacher  or 
facilitator. 
 
Thank you. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 
 
Let Us Learn!  
 
 
This  module  welcomes  you  in  the  third  quarter  of  this  subject. 
Previously,  you  have  dealt  with  volcanoes  and  its  types/classifications and 
what happens when it erupts. Now, you are going to explore about Climate. 
 
What are the things you usually consider whenever you plan to have a 
travel adventure using a motorcycle? One of the things that you consider is 
weather. Weather affects our daily activities.  
 
Some  of  you  may  mistake  climate  with weather. But in fact, they are 
not the same.  
 
In this module, you will learn to distinguish climate from weather. ​You 
will  understand  why  the  climate  of  one  country  differs  from  the  others. 
Understand  the  varying  influence  of  the  factors  that  lead  to  the  different 
parts of the Earth experiencing different climates. 
 
In this module, you will:  
 
Explain how different factors affect the climate of an area​. ​(​S9ES-IIIe-30) 
 
 
At the end of this module, you are expected to: 
 
1. explain how latitude and altitude affects climate; 
 
2. explain how distance from the ocean affects climate; 
 
3. explain how topography affects climate; 
 
4. differentiate windward and leeward sides of highland; and 
 
5. explain how ocean current affects climate;  
 
 
 
 
 
Let Us Try!  
2 
 
  
Let us check how much do you know about Climate by answering the 
questions below.  
 
Multiple Choice. ​Choose the letter of the best answer. 
 
1. Which of the following BEST describes climate? 
a. The weather that occurs in the atmosphere within a day  
b. The  pattern  of  weather  that  occurs  in  a  region  over  a  long  period  of 
time 
c. The  pattern  of  weather  that  occurs  in  a  region  over a short period of 
time 
d. The  disturbance  in  the  atmosphere  that  happens  in  a  long  period  of 
time 
 
2. What is the common factor to affect climate? 
a. latitude 
b. Prevailing wind  
c. distance from the ocean 
d. all of the above 
 
3. How does latitude affect the climate of a place? 
a. Temperature drops the higher up into the atmosphere that you go  
b. Temperature drops the further an area is from the equator 
c. Temperature drops at night when the sun goes down 
d. Temperature drops lower into the atmosphere that you go  
 
4. How does prevailing wind affect climate? 
a. Prevailing  wind  shows  the  main  direction  that  wind  comes  from  and 
can bring mild, wet weather if it blows over warm oceans. 
b. Prevailing  wind  is  the  amount  of  moisture  that  can  be  found  in  an 
area. 
c. Prevailing wind describes the speed of the wind in a particular place 
d. None of the above 
 
5. How does altitude affect temperature? 
a. The higher up a place is the colder the temperature will be. 
b. The higher up a place is the warmer the temperature will be. 
c. The temperature remains the same throughout the atmosphere 
d. None of the above 
6. In the summer- how does distance from the sea affect the climate? 
a. Cool breezes will cool both the coast and further inland. 
3 
 
b. Warm breezes will bring warm air to the coast whilst inland will be cooler. 
c. Cool breezes will bring cooler air to the coast whilst inland will be warmer. 
d. None of the above 
 
7. How does the windward side differ from the leeward side of a high land? 
a. The windward receives more precipitation than the leeward. 
b. The windward side receives more heat than the leeward side. 
c. The leeward side has more vegetation than the windward side. 
d.   The  leeward  side  receives  more  precipitation  than  the  windward 
side. 
 
8. Why are the coldest places on earth found at poles? 
a. Less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas. 
b. Less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface. 
c. Great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas. 
d. Great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface. 
 
9. What  is  the  main  reason  why  latitude  causes  temperatures  to  be 
different? 
a. It’s got to do with the climate change. 
b. It’s to do with the distance from the moon. 
c. It’s  to  do  with  the  curve  of  the  earth  and  distance  from  the 
equator. 
d. None of the above. 
 
10. What two factors are primarily used to describe climate? 
a. Temperature and density  
b. Precipitation and density  
c. Winds and humidity 
d. temperature and precipitation 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Let Us Study  
4 
 
  
 
Climate  is  an  important  aspect  in our daily living. The way we dress, 
and  the  energy  that  we  possess  in  carrying  out  our  tasks  are  in  a  way 
affected  by  the  type  of  climate  in  that  particular place. Climates also affect 
the  world’s  biodiversity.  Plant  species,  animal  groups,  and  even  the 
population of insects are clues to the type of climate of an area.  
 
What's the difference between weather and climate? 
Weather​ is what the ​forecasters on the TV news predict each day. They 
tell  people  about  the  temperature,  cloudiness,  humidity,  and  whether  a 
storm  is  likely  in  the  next  few  days.  That’s  weather!  It  is the mix of events 
that  happens  each  day in our atmosphere. It may be hot and sunny in one 
part of the world, but freezing and snowy in another. 
Climate ​ is  the  average  weather  in  a  place over many years. While the 
weather can change in just a few hours, climate takes hundreds, thousands, 
even millions of years to change. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Let Us Practice  
 
Are you ready for more learning? Brace yourself.  
 
Activity 1: The Earth’s Curvature 
Objective:​ Explain how latitude affects climate. 
Direction:​ 1. Read and analyze the illustration below. 
2. Answer the activity/questions that follow. 
 
Key Concept: 
Latitude  or  distance  from  the  equator​ –  Temperatures  drop  the 
further  an  area  is  from  the  equator  due  to  the  curvature  of  the  earth.  In 
areas  closer  to  the  poles,  sunlight  has  a  larger  area  of atmosphere to pass 
through and the sun is at a lower angle in the sky. As a result, more energy 
is lost and temperatures are cooler. 
   
The Earths curvature causes the sun’s energy to be less concentrated 
at  the  poles  than  near  the  equator.  Places  closes  the  equator  are  warmer 
than  places  further  north  or  south.  Warmer  air  can  hold  more  moisture 
than  colder  air;  therefore,  areas  further  away  from  the  equator  are  drier 
than areas closer to the equator. 
 
The  Equator  receives  the  most  solar  radiation.  Days  are equally long 
year-round and the Sun is just about directly overhead at midday. 
 
The Polar Regions receive the least solar radiation. The night lasts six 
months during the winter. Even in summer, the ​sun​ never rises very high in 
the  sky.  Sunlight  filters  through  a  thick ​wedge​ of  atmosphere,  making  the 
sunlight  much  less  intense.  The  high  albedo,  because  of  ice  and  snow, 
reflects a good portion of the Sun's light. 
 
 
 
 
 

6 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 1. Latitude or Distance from the Equator 
(Source: https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zgc2n39/large 
Guide Questions: 
 
1. Why are the coldest places on Earth found near the poles? 
2. Why are places with high temperature found at the equator? 
3. Which part of the earth receives most of the sun’s rays? 
4. How does latitude affect climate? 
5.  Why  does  the  amount  of  heat  received  by  places  far  from  the  equator 
become less? 
 

Activity 2: ​The Windward versus Leeward Side of a Mountain 

 
Objectives:​ a. Explain how topography affects climate. 
b. ​Differentiate windward and leeward sides of highland. 
Direction:​ 1. Read and analyze the illustration below. 
2. Answer the activity/questions that follow. 
 
Key Concept:  
 
 
 
 
 
 

7 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 2. The Windward and Leeward Side of a Mountain 
(Source: 
http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/cardshow.php?title=chapter-3-climate-vegetation&quesnum=1) 
 
A  mountain  is  an  example  of  topographical  features  of  the  land.  As 
you noticed, the picture (figure 2) shows the two sides of the mountain. One 
side  is  facing  the  wind  and  has  low  temperature.  Clouds  are  forming  here 
due to the condensation of water vapor. This formation of clouds develops to 
become rain. On the other side of the mountain, there is no cloud formation. 
The  temperature  is  high  and  precipitation does not happen. This results in 
the formation of a dry and warm region. 
 
Mountain ranges act as barriers to the flow of air across the surface of 
the  earth. When a parcel of warm air travels from a low valley region to the 
foothills  of  a  mountain  range,  it  is  forced  to  rise  along  the  slope  of  the 
mountain  (the  windward  side)  as  it  encounters  higher terrain. As the air is 
lifted  up  the  mountain  slope,  it  cools  as  it  rises  —  a  process  known  as 
"adiabatic  cooling."  This  cooling  often  results  in ​the  formation  of  clouds​, 
and,  eventually,  precipitation  that  falls  on  the  windward  slope  and  at  the 
summit.  
 
In  contrast  to  the  moist  windward  side  of  a  mountain,  the  leeward 
side typically has a dry, warm climate. This is because by the time air rises 
up the windward side and reaches the summit, it has already been stripped 
of  the  majority  of  its  moisture.  As  this  already-dry  air  descends  down  the 
leeward  side,  it  warms  and  expands—a  process  known  as  "adiabatic 
warming."  This  causes  clouds  to  dissipate  and  further  reduces  the 
possibility of precipitation, an occurrence known as the "rain shadow effect." 
It  is the reason why locations at the base of mountain lees tend to be some 
of the driest places on earth. 
 
Let’s do this! 

8 
 
Direction:  Identify  whether  leeward  (LE)  or  windward  (WI).  Write  your 
answer on your activity sheet/notebook. 
 
_________1. Facing the wind. _______6. Precipitation occurs. 
_________2. Low temperature.  _______7. Cold air mass starts to absorb heat. 
_________3. Forming clouds.  _______8. Dry air and less precipitation. 
_________4. Air moves down.  _______9. Rain shadow. 
_________5. Air moves up.  _______10. Dessert plants and grasslands​. 
 
Guide Questions: 
1.​ ​What dry region forms at the back of the mountain? 

2.​ ​Which side of the mountain experiences decrease of humidity? 

3.​ ​What happens to the air as it moves down the leeward side? 

4. What happens to water vapor as it rises over the mountain?  

5. How does topography affect climate? 

 
 
 
Activity 3: The Higher, the Colder 
Objective:​ Explain how altitude affects climate. 
Direction:​ 1. Read and understand the concept below. 
2. Answer the activity/questions that follow. 
 
Key Concept: 
 
 
 
 
9 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Figure 3. Relationship of Altitude and Temperature 
(Source: ​https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z3mhtv4/large)​  
Altitude  or  height  above  sea  level​ -  Locations  at  a 
higher ​altitude​ have  colder  temperatures.  Temperature  usually  decreases 
by  1°C  for  every  100  meters  in  altitude.  Altitude,  ​like elevation,  is  the 
distance  above sea  level.  Areas  are  often  considered  "high-altitude"  if  they 
reach  at  least  2,400  meters  (8,000  feet)  into  the atmosphere.  Altitude  is 
related to air pressure. As altitude rises, air pressure drops. In other words, 
if the indicated altitude is high, the air pressure is low. 
 
High-altitude  locations  are  usually  much  colder  than  areas  closer  to 
sea level. This is due to the low air pressure. Air expands as it rises and the 
fewer  gas  molecules—including  nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide—have 
fewer chances to bump into each other.  
 
Temperature drops at higher altitude, the reason it’s actually colder is 
because as you go up in the atmosphere is that the Earth’s atmosphere feels 
less pressure the higher up you go.  So as the gas in the atmosphere rises it 
feels  less  pressure,  which  makes  it  expand.  When  the  gas  expands  it  does 
some  work.  And  if  it’s  doing  work,  it  must  be  losing  energy;  and  if it loses 
energy,  its  temperature  must  drop  because  we  define  temperature  as  the 
average  energy  of  the  particles.  Therefore,  if  the  energy  of  the  particles  is 
lower,  the  temperature  must  be  lower.  That’s  why,  at  higher  altitude,  the 
temperature appears to fall. 
 
 
 
Guide Questions: 
1. What is the relationship between altitude and temperature? 

2.​ ​How does altitude affect the climate of a place? 

10 
 
3. What factor(s) greatly affects the climate of a certain areas/places? 

4. What factor(s) causes the low temperature in higher areas/places? 

5. Why temperatures drop at higher altitude? 

 
Let Us Practice More  
 
Activity 4: Sea Breeze 
Objectives:​ ​Explain how distance from the sea affects climate. 
Direction:​ 1. Read and understand the concept below. 
​2. Answer the activity/questions that follow. 

Key Concept: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

11 
 
 Figure 4. Distance from the Sea  
(Source: https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/z8fb3k7/large) 
 
 
Distance  from  the  sea​ –  Oceans  heat  up and cool down much more 
slowly  than  land.  This  means  that  coastal  locations  tend  to  be  cooler  in 
summer  and  warmer  in  winter than places inland at the same latitude and 
altitude. Glasgow, for example, is at similar latitude to Moscow, but is much 
milder in winter because it is nearer to the coast than Moscow. 
 
Landmasses  heat  up  more  quickly  than  water  bodies  as  it  receives 
solar  radiation  from  the  sun,  but  also  loses  heat  more  quickly  than water. 
So,  in  hot  seasons,  most  especially  at  daytime,  the  sea  or  ocean  remains 
cooler  than  the  continent  and  therefore  reduces  the  temperatures  of 
adjacent  lands.  In  cold  seasons  and  at  night,  the  sea remains warmer and 
therefore raises the temperatures of places close to it.  
 
Also  places  close  to  the  sea  experience  land  and sea breezes. During 
the  day  as  the  land  gets  heated  up  more  quickly  than  the  sea,  the  hot  air 
over the land rises, and a local low pressure is created over it, and cooler air 
from  the  sea  rushes  to  the  low-pressure  area  to take the place of the risen 
air. This is known as ​sea breeze. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 5: Daytime development of sea breeze 

12 
 
 (Source: ​http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/seabreeze.gif​) 
 
 
At night, the sea retains its warmth longer than the land, the air over 
the sea rises, and there is a local low-pressure zone created over it. Air from 
the land then rushes to the low-pressure zone over the sea to take the place 
of the risen air. This is known as ​land breeze.​  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure 6: Nighttime development of land breeze. 
(Source: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/landbreeze.gif) 
 
Land breezes and sea breezes are responsible for increase in humidity 
levels;  they  cause  higher  precipitation  and  normal  temperature  in  areas 
affected. When the winds are very strong it can result in thunderstorms. 

13 
 
 
 
Guide Questions: 
 
1. What are the difference between sea breeze and land breeze? 
 
2.​ ​How does distance from the sea (continentality) affects Climate? 
 
3.  ​What  factors  responsible  for  the  increase  of  humidity  levels  in  different 
areas? 
 
4.​ ​During daytime, what happens to the temperature of air in land and sea? 
 
5.  ​During  night  time,  what  happens  to  the  temperature  of  air  in  land  and 
sea? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Activity 5: Ocean Currents 
 
Objective:​ Explain how ocean currents affect climate 
 
Directions:​ 1. Read and understand the concept below. 
14 
 
 2. Answer the activity/ questions that follows. 
 
 

Figure 7: ​This illustration shows the major ocean currents throughout the globe. Ocean currents act as 
conveyer belts of warm and cold water, sending heat toward the Polar Regions and helping tropical 
areas cool off, thus influencing both weather and climate. 
(Source: https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/media/climate-800.jpg) 
 
 
Ocean  Currents  ​-  ​are  a  continuous  and  directed  movement  of  the 
ocean  water.  This  happens  through  forces  acting  on  the  water,  such  as 
difference in salinity, the waves breaking, temperature, the wind or even the 
Coriolis Effect​. The direction of the current is determined by the depth of the 
contours,  other  currents  acting  on  the  ocean  and  the  nature  of  the 
shoreline. 
 
As the horizontal currents are moving south or northwards, they carry 
with them cool or warm water over an extended distance. It is the displaced 
water  that affects the air, by warming or cooling it, thereby transferring the 
same effect to the land surface over which it blows. 
 
Cold ocean currents are large masses of cold water that move towards 
the  equator,  from  a  level  of  high  altitude  to  lower  levels.   They  absorb  the 
heat they receive in the tropics, thereby cooling the air above them. The cold 
currents  often  form  when  the  air  on  the subtropical high blows over a cold 
mass of water, then the cold air is dragged to the equator. 
 

15 
 
 Warm  currents,  on  the  other  hand,  are  large  masses  of  warm  water 
moving  further  away  from  the  equator,  at  higher  temperatures.  They  form 
when salty cold water becomes heavy and sinks, in the process forcing warm 
and lighter water to move in the opposite direction. 
 
The  influence  of  the  flow  of  currents  usually  depends  on  the  level  of 
saltiness  of  the  water,  the  rotation  of  the earth, the topography of the land 
and  the  orientation  of  the  wind. It  is  these  that  bring  cold  water  to  the 
surface  of  the  earth  from  the  depths,  and  in  the  process  forcing  away  the 
original  surface  water. It  is  because  of  this  reason  that  you  will  always 
notice  that  the  ocean  is  often  cooler  to  the  eastern  coastal  side  than  the 
western coastal side. 
 
Guide Questions: 
 
1. What factors affect or influence the ocean currents? 
 
2. What currents carry warm water away from equator? 
 
3.  How  do  warm-water  currents  affect  the  coastal  areas  along  which  they 
flow? 
 
4.  What  are  the  differences  between  warm  and  cold  currents?  How  they 
form? 
 
5. How does ocean current affect climate? 
 
 
 
 
16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Let Us Remember  
 
 
Let us now gathered what we have learned.  
 
Direction:  Fill  the missing word or phrase to make the statement complete 
and correct. Write your answer in activity sheet. 
 
● (1)​____________  conditions  of  the ​atmosphere​ ​at  a  particular  location  over 
a  long  period  of  time,  it  is the long-term summation of the atmospheric 
elements. 
 
● Climate  is  influenced  by  latitude,  altitude,  prevailing  winds,  distance 
from the sea, ocean currents, and topography. The closer the place is to 
the equator, the (2)​   the  climate  is;  the  farther  the  place  is  from 
the equator the ​ (3) the climate is. 
 
● The (4) ​   is  the  most  frequent  wind  direction  a  location 
experiences.  
 
● When  the  Earth  rotates,  it  creates  an  apparent  force  known  as 
(5)​_____________  that  deflects  moving  air  to  the  right  of its initial direction 

17 
 
 in  the  Northern  Hemisphere  and  to  the  left  of its initial direction in the 
Southern Hemisphere. 
● Air temperature decreases when altitude (6)​ . 
 
● During the day, the hot air over the land rises, and a local low pressure 
is created over it, and cooler air from the sea rushes to the low-pressure 
area to take the place of the risen air, this is known as (7)​ . 
 
● At night, the sea retains its warmth longer than the land, the air over the 
sea rises, and there is a local low-pressure zone created over it. Air from 
the  land  then  rushes  to  the  low-pressure  zone  over  the  sea  to  take the 
place of the risen air, this is known as (8)​ . 
 
● (9)​______________  are  a  continuous  and  directed  movement  of  the  ocean 
water.  This  happens  through  forces  acting  on  the  water,  such  as 
difference in salinity, the waves breaking, temperature, the wind or even 
the Coriolis Effect. 
● (10)​__________________  are  large  masses  of  cold  water  that  move  towards 
the equator, from a level of high altitude to lower level. 
 
Let Us Assess  
 
 
 
Direction:  Choose  the  letter  that  corresponds  to  the  correct  answer  and 
write it on your activity sheet. 
 
1. It  refers  to  the  atmospheric  condition  of a place over a long period of 
time. 
a. Climate b. monsoon c. weather d. topography 
 
2. ​Look at the picture. Located in Africa is Mount Kilimanjaro. Which of the 
following factors affects the climate at the top of the mountain? 
 
 

18 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a. Latitude  b. Altitude 
 
Why do you think so? 
a. As the area gets lower, the lower the temperature. 
b. As the area gets higher, the lower the temperature. 
c. As the area comes nearer to the equator, the lower the temperature. 
d. As the area comes farther from the equator, the lower the 
temperature. 
 
3. Why  do  mountain  climbers  bring  thick  jackets  when  they  go  up  the 
mountain? 
a. The temperature increases as the altitude increases. 
b. The temperature decreases as the altitude increases. 
c. The temperature decreases as the altitude decreases. 
d. The temperature remains the same as the altitude increases. 
 
4. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases? 
a. varies  b. increases  c. decreases  d. remains the same 
 
5. What do you call the area near the equator, between about 23.5 degrees 
north and south latitude? 
a. artic zone b.polar zone c.  tropical  zone  d.  temperate 
zone 
 
 
6. Which is not a factor that influences temperature? 
a. Longitude b. altitude c. latitude d. ocean currents 
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7. City A is surrounded by bodies of water and has a moderate climate. It is 
located  near  the  equator.  What  will  most likely affect the climate of the 
city? 
a. Latitude b. altitude c. topography d. all of these 
 
8. Which side of the mountain often receives the most precipitation? 
a. peak c. leeward side 
b. rain shadow d. windward side 
 
9. What are the main factors that affect precipitation? 
a. sun and moon  c. altitude and ocean currents 
b. the  seasons  and  latitude  d.  prevailing  winds  &  presence 
mountains 
 
10. What is capable of impacting climate by holding heat in the atmosphere? 
a. Orographic effect c. greenhouse effect 
b. The rain shadow  d. the heat distribution effect 
 
11. Why do places at the same latitude but different altitudes have different 
climates? 
a. The amount of heat received varies. 
b. The amount of precipitation differs. 
c. The higher altitudes have lower temperature. 
d. The higher altitudes have higher temperature. 
 
12. During  summer,  many  people  visit  Baguio  because  of  the  cold weather. 
What do you think makes Baguio cold? 
a. The topography c. the altitude 
b. The distance from the ocean d. all of the above 
 
13. The  movement  of  continents  over  the  earth’s surface influences climate 
by which of the following? 

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 a. Changing airflow in the atmosphere, causing climate change. 
b. It does not affect climate because the landforms don’t change. 
c. Causing weather patterns to change, without affecting climate. 
d.  Changing position on the globe, sometimes by centimeters each year, 
which we can identify by observing fossil records. 
 
14. The  temperature  decrease  from  the  equator  toward  the  pole  is 
called___. 
a. Temperature gradient c. declining of temperature 
b. Inversion of temperature d. none of the above 
 
15. At  the sun never rises very high in the sky. 
a. The poles  b. The mid-latitudes c. the equator d. all of the above 
 
 
 
 
Let Us Enhance 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Across Down 
 
1. average weather in a place 2. temperature in the equator 
4. wind that blows from a large body  3. deflects moving air in the  
of water toward a landmass Northern & Southern  
5. wind blowing toward the sea from Hemisphere 
land especially at night 6. distance above the sea level 
7. continuous & directed movement  8. large masses of cold water  
of the ocean water that move towards the equator 
9. heat up quickly as it receives solar 
radiation from the sun 
10. frequent wind direction a location 
experiences 
 
 
 
 
Let Us Reflect  
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Now you have it! Congratulations! Share your creative thoughts/ ideas 
from what you have learned from the lesson. 
 
In  our  country  (Philippines),  choose a place and determine/ tell what 
climate  the  area  experiences.  What  factor(s)  affect  the  climate  of  the  area? 
Explain how this factor(s) affect the climate of the area. 
 
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 Answer key to Activities  
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 References 
 
 
“​How distance from sea affect weather and climate “. (2020) — Steemit. Retrieved 
14 December 2020, from 
https://steemit.com/geography/@donfelix/how-distance-from-sea-affect-weather-
and-climate 
 
“​Factors affecting climate — Environmental Change Network”. (2020). Retrieved 15 
December 2020, from 
http://www.ecn.ac.uk/what-we-do/education/tutorials-weather-climate/climate/
factors-affecting-climate 
 
“ALTITUDE AFFECTING CLIMATE”. (2020). Retrieved 17 December 2020, from 
https://prezi.com/mlogejfk-d0q/altitude-affecting-climate/ 
 
“7(o)  Local  and  Regional  Wind  Systems”  (2021).  Retrieved  3 February 2021, from 
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7o.html 
How  does  the  ocean  affect  climate  and  weather  on  land?  :  Ocean  Exploration 
Facts:  NOAA  Office  of  Ocean  Exploration  and  Research.  (2021).  Retrieved  3 
February 2021, from https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/climate.html 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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