RVS Journal

Pharmaceutics -II
REQUIREMENTS:
Clean white Apron / Mask / Cap

Record Book
Journal
glass Dropper
Muslin cloth
Calculator
Napkin
Spatula
Labels
Match box
Container
Zipper bags
Plastic sheet
Butter paper
Detergent / Soap
Gloves
Parul Institute of Pharmacy & Research, D.Pharm II Year Page

Pharmaceutics -II
EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:
AIM: To prepare and dispense Potassium bromide mixture.
Rx
Potassi Bromidi 3 ii
Tincture ncis vomicae fl 3ii
Aquam Chloroformi ,….. fl oz Vi
Fiat: Mistura Mitte: fl.oz.i
REFERENCE:
1) Sanmathi B.S , Kalpesh K. Mehta , Anshu Gupta ; Dispensing Pharmacy ,A practical
Mannual , Pharma Med Press , Page No; 34
REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, pipette , butter paper, container,

measuring cylinder
CHEMICALS: Potassium bromide, chloroform water, tincture of nux vomica

THEORY
This is mixture containing soluble solid like potassium bromide since both potassium
bromide and nux vomica are soluble in vehicle chloroform ,the mixture can be
prepared by simple solution method.
Potassium bromide acts as seative and nux vomica acts as appetizer chloroform used
as flavoured vehicle
PROCEDURE:
• This is mixture containing soluble solid like potassium bromide since both potassium
bromide and nux vomica are soluble in vehicle chloroform ,the mixture can be
• Potassium bromide act as seative and nux vomica acts as appetizer choloroform used
as flavoued vehicle.
• Accurately weigh potassium bromide and dissolve it in about 3/4 th of chloroform
water, by stirring
PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH 1

Pharmaceutics -II
• Examine the solution for clarify and filter the solution through muslin cloth, if any
foreign particles are present
• Measure the tincture of Nux-vomica and add to the above solution, mix well by
stirring and transfer to measure
• Add remaining amount of chloroform water to make up the final volume.
DISPENSING: Transfer the mixture to a clear, narrow mouthed bottle , close it tightly with
metallic screw cap, polish and label.
DIRECTION: one tablespoonful to be taken , three times a day, after meals.
STORAGE: Store in a cool place.
USE: Act as sedative, tincture of nux vomica act as bitter tonic

RESULT:

Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense Magnesium sulphate and magnesium carbonate mixture.
Rx
Magnesium sulphat 3i
Magnesium carbonate 3i
Peppermint water….qs
fl.oz v I
Fiat:mistura Mitte: fl.oz.i
REFERENCE:

measuring cylinder
CHEMICALS:, Magnesium sulphate , magnesium carbonate ,Pippermint water,
THEORY:
This mixture is containing diffusible solid. Mag. Carbonate is diffusible in
peppermint water. It is diffusible do not dissolve in water upon shaking evenly diffuse
throughout liquid for sufficient time
Mag. Sulphate acts as anatcid. Peppermint wate is used as flavoured vehicle.
PROCEDURE:
• Weigh separately and finely powder the magnesium sulphate and magnesium
carbonate in a mortar and mix uniformly.
• Measure 3/4th quantity of peppermint water triturate the above powder with small
portion of peppermint water until you get smooth cream further dilute this cream with
small volume of peppermint water to make it pourable.
• Transfer this content into measure, Rinse the mortar pestle with peppermint water and
transfer in to the measure.
• Filter the solution using muslin cloth if foreign particles are present.
• Adjust the final volume by adding remaining amount of peppermint water.
Pharmaceutics -II
DISPENSING: Transfer the mixture to a clear, narrow mouthed bottle , close it tightly
with metallic screw cap, polish and label.
DIRECTION: one tablespoonful to be taken , half and hour before breakfast.

AUXILLARY LABEL: SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.
USE: Act as antacid
RESULT:

Pharmaceutics -II

AIM: To prepare and dispense Magnesium carbonate and Kaolin mixture.
Rx
Magnesii carbonatis gr xv
Kaolin gr Lx
sodii bicarbonatis gr xv
peppermint aquam…qs. Fl.oz.i
Fiat: mistura
Mitte: fl.oz.i
REFERENCE:
1) Sanmathi B.S , Kalpesh K. Mehta , Anshu Gupta ; Dispensing Pharmacy ,A
practical Mannual , Pharma Med Press , Page No; 40

measuring cylinder
CHEMICALS:, Magnesium carbonate ,Kaolin, peppermint water, sodium

bicarbonate
THEORY:
This mixture is containing diffusible solid. like Mag. Carbonate, kaolin and is
diffusible in peppermint water. Light kaolin is aluminium silicate which act as
as anatcid and intestinal adsorbant. It is diffusible do not dissolve in water upon
shaking evenly diffuse throughout liquid for sufficient time
Mag. Sulphate acts as anatcid. Peppermint wate is used as flavoured vehicle.
PROCEDURE:
• Weigh separately light kaolin, light magnesium carbonate and sodium
bicarbonate in a mortar and mix uniformly.
• Measure 3/4th quantity of peppermint water triturate the above powder with
small portion of peppermint water until you get smooth cream futher dilute this
cream with small volume of peppermint water to make it pourable.
PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 5

Pharmaceutics -II
• Transfer this content into measure, Rinse the mortar pestle with peppermint
water and transfer in to the measure and dilute this cream with remaining
peppermint water.
• Filter the solution using muslin cloth if foreign particles are present.
• Adjust the final volume by adding remaining amount of peppermint water.
DISPENSING: Transfer the mixture to a clear, narrow mouthed bottle , close it

tightly with metallic screw cap, polish and label.
DIRECTION: one tablespoonful to be taken ,three times a day.
USE: Used as anatcid
RESULT:

Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense Acetyl salicylic Acid Mixture.

Rx
Acidi acetyl salicylic gr X
Potassii -citrasis gr xxx
Choloroformaquam fl.oz.i
Fiat: mistura
mitte: fl.oz i
REFERENCE:

measuring cylinder
CHEMICALS:, Acetyl salicylic acid mixture, potassium citrate, choloroform water

THEORY:
This is mixture containing indiffusible solid because acetyl salicylic acid is insoluble
and also indiffusible in water.
Acetyl salicylic precipitate alone , it need suspending agent, in presence of alkali like
potassium citrate it is soluble due to complex formation.
PROCEDURE:
• Dissolve the weighed amount of potassium citrate in 3/4 th of chloroform water, to this
solution add finely powdered acetyl salicyclic acid and dissolve by stirring.
• Filter the mixture, if any foreign paticle ae present
• Transfer to measure and make a final volume with remaining volume of chloroform
water.
DISPENSING: Transfer the mixture to a clear, narrow mouthed bottle , close it tightly
with metallic screw cap, polish and label.
DIRECTION: one tablespoonful to be taken , at every 4 hours

Pharmaceutics -II
USE: Act as analgesic and antipyretic
RESULT:

Pharmaceutics -II

AIM: To prepare and dispense paracetamol paediatric Elixir I.P.
Rx
Paracetamol gr XXX Vi
Propylene glycol fl.3 ii ss
Choloroform M XXX
Invertred syrup fl.3 V ii
Amaranth M XXX
Glycerin fl. 3 XXV
REFERENCE:

measuring cylinder, filter paper
CHEMICALS: paracetamol, ethanol,propylene glycol, rose oil, chloroform

spirit, amaranth solution , glycerin
THEORY:
Paracetamol is sparingly soluble in water freely soluble in alcohol therefore
alcohol used to dissolve paracetamol. Propylene glycol used as cosolvent. To
mask unpleasant taste inverted sugar used as sweetening agent.
Glycerin act as humectant
PROCEDURE
• Weigh separately and finely paracetamol and dissolve in measured quantity of
alcohol and propylene glycol
• To the above mixture add chloroform spirit and concentrated ros oil with
stirring .
• Transfer this content to a measure add amaranth solution and make up the
volume with glycerin.
• Filter if foreign particle or any undissolved substances are present.

Pharmaceutics -II
DISPENSING: Transfer the elixir to a light resistant narrow mouthed, glass bottle,
close it tightly with metallic screw cap, polish and label.
DIRECTION: One tablespoonful to be taken, morning and night
Dose: 5-10 ml according to age of patient
USE: used as analgesic and antipyretic
RESULT:

Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense piperazine citrate elixir I.P.

Rx
piperazine citratis 3 iv ss
Chloroformi spirius M V iii
Glycerini fl. 3 ii ss
Olei aurantii q..s
Simple syrupi fl. 3 xii ss
Aquam fl. 3 xxv
REFERENCE:

CHEMICALS: piperazine citrate, chloroform spirit, glycerin , orange oil,

simple syrup
THEORY:
Piprazine citrate acts as anthelmetic. It is in salt form hence freely soluble in
water. glycerin acts as co-solvent enhanced drug solubility provide drug
solubility.
To mask unpleasant taste sweetening agent and flavouring agent used
PROCEDURE:
• Accrately weigh the piperazine citrate and dissolve in 3/4 th of purified water
• Dissolve orange oil in chloroform spirit and add to piprazine citrate solution,
mix well
• To above solution add simple syrup and glycerin mix uniformly. Transfer this
content to measure adjust final volume using purified water.

Pharmaceutics -II
DISPENSING:Transfer the elixir to a light resistant narrow mouthed, glass bottle,

close it tightly with metallic screw cap, polish and label.
DIRECTION: two tablespoonful to be taken at night
STORAGE: Store in a cool placeDose: 9-12 months – 2.5 ml

2 to 3 years – 5 ml
4 to 6 yars – 7.5 ml
7 to 12 years- 10 ml
USE: it expels the round worms and thread worms from intestine.(Antihelmetic)
RESULT:

Pharmaceutics -II

AIM: To prepare and dispense turpentine oil emulsion.
Rx
Olei turbinthinaefl. 3 ii
Aquam cinnamon….q.s… fl. 3 x
Fiat:- Emulsio Mitte:-fl.oz i
REFERENCE:
Sanmathi B.S , Kalpesh K. Mehta , Anshu Gupta ; Dispensing Pharmacy ,A practical

CHEMICALS: turpentine oil, cinnamon water, accacia

THEORY:
It is an internal emulsion, containing volatile oil like turpentine oil, which acts as
expectorant hence mainly used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis. Cinnamon
water constitutes as continuous phase, which acts as, flavouring agent and
carminative.
Turpentine oil is a volatile oil, therefore to prevent its volatilization it is prepared by
bottle method, as oil is in water (O/W) type emulsion, using acacia as emulsifying
agent.
Since turpentine oil is volatile oil, the primary emulsion ration will be, oil: water: gum
(2:2:1).
PROCEDURE:
• Accurately measure turpentine oil in a dry measure and transfer to previously
tared calibrated bottle.
• Add the required amount of powdered gum acacia , close it tightly with
metallic screw cap.
• Shake bottle vigorously, until oil and gum should mix completely.
• Add measured quantity of cinnamon water and shake well. Polish and label

Pharmaceutics -II
DISPENSING: Transfer the emulsion in narrow mouthed, glass bottle, close it

DIRECTION: to be taken as drough

Auxilliary label: SHAK WELL BEFORE USE
USE: used as expectorant
RESULT:

Pharmaceutics -II

AIM: To prepare and dispense castor oil emulsion.
Rx
Castor oil fl.3 ii ss
Cinnamon aquam fl.3 v ii
Fiat:- Emulsio Mitte:-fl.oz i
REFERENCE:

CHEMICALS: castor oil, cinnamon water

THEORY:
This is emulsifying containing fixed oil. Castor oil is affixed oil obtained from
casto. It gets hydrolysed in intestine by pancreatic lipase and librate rincolic
acid which is irritant in nature and produce purgative effect
PROCEDURE:
• This is emulsifying containing fixed oil. Castor oil is affixed oil obtained from
casto. It gets hydrolysed in intestine by pancreatic lipase and librate rincolic
acid which is irritant in nature and produce purgative effect
• Weigh gum acacia and transfer to mortar , to this add few ml of cinnamon
water and triturate to form mucilage
• Add castor oil in small quantites with constant and rapid tituration in a single
direction to produce a thick cream, continue the trituration until , product
becomes white clicking sound produced
• Adjust the final volume with cinnamon water and mix well

15
Pharmaceutics -II
DIRECTION: one table spoonful to be taken , at bed time.

Auxilliary label: SHAK WELL BEFORE USE
USE: used as laxative

16
Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense aqueous iodine solutions I.P

Rx
Iodine 3 is
Potassium
iodide 3 ii ss
Aquam fl. 3 xxv
REFERENCE:

CHEMICALS: Iodine, potassium iodide
THEORY:
Iodine is slightly soluble in water but it is soluble in water in presence of
potassium iodide. Because iodine react with potassium iodide and form
complex called polyiodide which enhanced solubility of iodine
PROCEDURE:
• Weigh separately iodine and potassium iodide
• Triturate iodine in to fine powder in a glass mortar.
• In a beaker dissolve potassium iodide in small portion of water. To this
solution add iodide and dissolve by stirring continuously with glass rod.
• When iodide dissolves completely, transfer this solution in to a measure add
sufficient, quantity of purified water, to produce final volume.
DIRECTION:one tablespoonful to be taken, at every night.

17
Pharmaceutics -II

USE:
Internally used as source of iodine, externally used as antiseptic

18
Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense Camphor turpentine liniment.
Rx
Soft soap 3 ii s
Camphorae 3is
Olei terebinthinae fl.oz ii
Aquam….q.s…. fl.3 xxv
Fiat:Linimentu Mitte: fl.oz i
REFERENCE:
REQUIREMENTS: Soft soap, Camphor, Turpentine oil, Purified water, Beaker, thermometer,
glass rod, water bath, china dish, white bottle, label.
THEORY:
Turpentine oil is a volatile oil obtained from distillation of turpentine, which is an oleo-resin
obtained from various species of pinus. Turpentine oil is not miscible with water and it dose not
contain any free fatty acids, hence it cannot from soap with alkaline substance. Therefore soft soap
has been used which is a monovalent soap, alkaline in nature and acts as an emulsifying agent.
Camphor is a volatile substance, it is insoluble in water but soluble in turpentine oil. Hence biphasic
system like emulsion can be prepared using soft soap, which produces (o/w) type of emulsion. In
this preparation turpentine oil remains phase. Due to the formation of viscous emulsion (oily
liniment),it will be easy for rubbing on the skin.
PROCEDURE:
1. In a dry container (dry measure) dissolve camphor in turpentine oil.

2. Take the required quantity of soft soap in a mortar, add water and triturate, make a soapy
solution.
3. To this solution gradually add, the camphor solution with trituration until a thick creamy
emulsion is formed. Allow it to stand for few minutes, for the separation of air bubbles.
4. Add sufficient purified water to produce final volume.

19
Pharmaceutics -II
DISPENSING: Both turpentine oil and camphor are volatile in nature. Turpentine oil undergoes
rapid change, when come in contact with air and moisture. Therefore transfer the prepared to a
narrow mouthed light resistant glass bottle, close it tightly with a plastic screw cap, polish, label and
supply with an applicator.
DIRECTION: To be rubbed on affected part, if pain is sever.
STORAGE: store in a dry place and protect from light.
AUXILLIARY LABEL: FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY.

NOT TO BE APPLIED ON BROKE SKIN.
SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.
USES: Turpentine oil: acts as counter irritant and rubeficient

Camphor: Externally it acta as a mild analgesic and rubeficient (it acts as a local anodyne by
producting coolness). Hence used as counter irritant the treatment of fibrositis and neuralgia.
Internally it acts as a carminative.
Soft soap: it is an alkaline soap, acts as (o/w) type of emulsifying agent.
Turpentine liniment is used as counter irritant and rubeficient. It is mainly used by the partients
suffering from arthralgia (pain in the joints), Myalgia (muscular pain), Fibrositis (ligamental pain)
and sprain.
RESULT:

20
Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense white liniment.
Rx
Acidic oleici fl. 3 ii
Ammonii chloride M xx
Diluti liquoris ammoniae fl. 3 i
Olei terebinthinae fl. 3 vi
Aquam………q.s……. fl. 3 xxv
Fiat : Linimentum Mitte: fl. Oz i
REFERENCE:
REQUIREMENTS: Glass rod, measuring cylinder, funnel, large glass bottle, big beaker, small
beaker, Turpentine oil, oleic acid, Ammonium chloride, dilute solution of ammonia, purified water.
THEORY:
Turpentine oil does not contain any free fatty acid, hence it cannot form soap with alkaline
substance. Therefore in the preparation, oleic acid is used, which consists sufficient free fatty acids,
hence forms soap with alkali like dilute solution of ammonia and produces the soap--- ammonium
oleate.
Ammonium oleate acts as an emulsifying agent and produces (o/w) type of emulsion. But due to the
presence of ammonium chloride, which produce common ion effect and depresses the ionization of
the soap and also decreases its solubility in water. This along with the high percentage of turpentine
oil in the liniment causes phase inversion and produce water in oil type of emulsion.
PROCEDURE:
1) Measure turpentine oil, oleic acid and dilute solution of ammonia separately.
2) Mix turpentine oil and oleic acid in a large glass bottle. (i.e. 50% larger than the prescribed
volume).
3) Warm the water to 50C.Add an equal volume of warm water, to the dilute ammonia solution.
4) Add this dilute ammonia solution, in small proportion to the above oily mixture and shake
vigorously after each addition, in the bottle.
5) Dissolve ammonium chloride in the remaining amount of purified water, add this solution to
the above emulsion and shake the bottle vigorously, untill a homogeneous emulsion is
produced.
DISPENSING: Turpentine oil is volatile in nature, therefore transfer the preparation to a narrow
mouthed, light resistant (blue or amber coloured) bottle, close it tightly with a plastic screw cap,
polish, label and supply with a applicator.

21
Pharmaceutics -II
DIRECTION: To be rubbed to the affected part, if pain is severe.
STORAGE: Since turpentine oil is volatile in nature, high temperature may cause the volatilization.
Therefore it should be stored in a cool place, away from light and flame.
AUXILLARY LABEL:
FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY.
NOT TO BE APPLIED ON BROKEN SKIN.
SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.
STORE IN A COOL PLACE AWAY FROM LIGHT AND FLAME.
USES:
It is used as a rubificient and counter irritant, for relief of rheumatic

22
Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense camphor- menthol eutectic mixture
Rx
Camphorae gr xx
Mentholis gr x
Kaolin gr xxx
Fiat: Pulvis
Mitte: tales quatuor
REFERENCE:
1) Sanmathi B.S , Kalpesh K. Mehta , Anshu Gupta ; Dispensing Pharmacy ,A practical Mannual ,
Pharma Med Press , Page No;
REQUIREMENTS: Menthol, camphor, Kaolin, mortar pastel.
THEORY:
This is a compound divided powder containing eutectic substance like camphor and menthol which are act
as carminative. Since each of them act as impurities to each other when they are mixed together, The melting
point of both lowers and also their mixture shows low melting point then room temperature, due to their low
melting point it convert in to liquid or semisolid.
To overcome this problem kaolin is used as adsorbent, which makes the eutectic mixture dry and free
flowing. In this case, eutectic powder is prepared by mixing camphor and menthol in equal quantity of
kaolin separately and then both are combined together in a shit of a paper, by light spatulation.
To subdivide camphor in to fine particle, camphor has to dissolve in to small portion of alcohol, when
alcohol evaporate camphor will get converted in to fine particles.
PROCEDURE: There will be little wastage during weighing and mixing, hence to manipulate these
practical loses calculate the quantity of the ingredients for at least 1 extra powder.
1) Weight separately all ingredient according to the calculation.

2) Dissolve camphor in a small qty of alcohol and allow alcohol to evaporate at room temperature.
3) After evaporation of alcohol, camphor gets precipitated as fine powder.
4) Mix fine powder of camphor, with half of the portion of Kaolin by specttulation separately.
5) Mix menthol with reaming half of the portion of Kaolin by light spectulation separately.
6) Mix the above two powder blends uniformly with the help of spatula on a shit of butter paper to
avoid triturating.
7) Weight the prescribed amount of powder and enclose in a double wrapper lined with butter paper.
Prepare such four powder packets.

23
Pharmaceutics -II
DISPENSING: Both camphor and menthol are volatile in nature there for to prevent their volatilization the
powder is packed in double wrapper which is lined with butter paper and transfer this packets in to wide
mouthed air tight plastic or glass container, close tightly with plastic screw cap and label.
DIRECTION: One powder to be taken, two times a day.
AUXILLIARY LABEL: STORE IN A COOL PLACE
USES: Camphor menthol eutectic powder used as carminative.

24
Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense zinc oxide salicylic acid dusting powder
Rx
Zinci oxidi 3V
Acidi sacicylici 3is
Amyli pulvaratis 3 X Viii sss
Fiate: pulvis conspersus Mitte: 3 ii ss
REFERENCE:
Pharma Med Press , Page No; 119
REQUIREMENTS: Mortar pastle, sieve no.8#, 12#, butter paper, Zinc Oxide, Salicylic acid.
THEORY:
Dusting powders are usually mixtures of two or more substances in fine powder, intended for external use.
Talc is natural, mineral substance & may be contaminated with pathogenic organisms such as clostridium
tetani, Ch.welechi & Bacillus authracis. Therefore, it is to be sterilized by dry heat, keeping at 150°c for 1
hour.
Starch posses binding as well as good flow property, which help the powder to flow easily, spread uniformly
& cleaning the skin on application.
The ideal dusting powder properties:
• It should be homogenous.
• It should not cause local irritation.
• It should flow easily & spread uniformly.
• It should cleaning the skin on application.
• It should have absorptive & adsorptive capacity.
• BACTERIOSTATIC: Drug which are capable of inhibiting the growth & multiplication of bacteria.
PROCEDURE:
1. Pulverize all powders & pass them through sieve 8#.
2. Weigh required quantity of each ingredients.
3. Mix all the ingredients in their geometrical ration.
4. Fill powder mixture in a wide mouthed bottle, capped & labelled.
DISPENSING: Transfer the prescribed quantity of powder into spatulation on a sheet of paper.

25
Pharmaceutics -II
DIRECTION: Sprinkle lightly on the affected area, two-three times a day.
AUXILLIARY LABEL: FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY

STORE IN A COOL PLACE
RESULT:

26
Pharmaceutics -II

AIM: To prepare and dispense zinc, starch and talc dusting powder.
Rx
Zinci oxidi 3 vi s
Amyli pulvarati 3 vi s
Talcum 3 xii ss
Fiat: pulvis conspersus Mitte: 3 ii ss
REFERENCE:
Pharma Med Press , Page No; 489
REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, sieve, butter paper, zinc oxide, starch powder, purified talc sterilized.
THEORY:
This powder is used as an adsorbent – antiseptic dusting powder. It contains zinc oxide, which acts as
antiseptic and good adsorbent. Starch is used as adsorbent, to adsorb watery portion of wounds, which also
get stuck on to the affected part, for longer time.
In this powder, talc is used because of its good adsorbing and excellent flow properties. But talc is a mineral
ingredient and it will be easily contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and spores of clostridium titani and
anthrax. Therefore talc should be sterilized, in hot air oven at 160°c for at least one hour, before use.
In this prescription, sterilized talc is used. Hence there is no need of sterilizing the powder, once again.
PROCEDURE: There will be little wastage during weighing and mixing, hence to manipulate these
practical losses, calculate the quantity of the ingredients for at least 1 or 2 grams extra powder, than
prescribed.
1. Separately weigh zinc oxide, starch and talc according to calculation.
2. In a suitable mortar, mix all three ingredients in the increasing order of their weights i.e. first mix
zinc oxide and starch by trituration and then add sterilized talc- mix uniformly.
3. Pass this powder mixture through the sieve no. 120 to get a homogenous and very fine powder.
4. After sieving, lightly remix the powder, by spatulation on a sheet of paper.
DISPENSING: Transfer the prescribed quantity of powder into spatulation on a sheet of paper.
DIRECTION: Sprinkle lightly on the affected area, two-three times a day.
AUXILLIARY LABEL: FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY

STORE IN A COOL PLACE

27
Pharmaceutics -II
USES: This powder is used as excellent adsorbent and antiseptic dusting powder.
RESULT:

28
Pharmaceutics -II
EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE

AIM: To prepare and dispense camphor-menthol insufflation
Rx
Mentholis 3is
Camphorae 3is
Ammonil chloride 3 vii ss
Magnessi carbonate pulverati 3 xv
Fiat: Insuffatio Mitte: 3 ii ss
REFERENCE:
REQUIREMENTS: Dried Sodium Phosphate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Tartaric Acid, Citric Acid,
Porcelain Dish, Water Bath, Glass Rod Sieve, Butter Paper
THEORY:
It is one effervescent formulation, in granular form. It consists the medicament-sodium phosphate,

which acts as cathartic. The unpleasant saline taste of sodium phosphate is masked by using
effervescent forming ingredients like tartaric acid, citric acid sodium bicarbonate.
It is formulated in the granular form, to avoid violent and uncontrollable effervescence and to get
controlled dissolution rate, as compared to the effervescent powders.
The effervescent granules are prepared by fusion (heat) method. Tartaric acid is anhydrous in nature,
but citric acid contains one molecule of water of crystallization, which is liberated during heating.
This water is use as a moistening (granulating) agent, for the preparation of granules. All the
ingredients are powdered and mixed together. The mixed blend is then placed, over a pre-heated
porcelain or metallic dish and mixed till a coherent mass is formed.
In this method, the water required for granulation is obtained from two sources.
1. Form water of crystallization of citric acid i.e. citric acid contains one molecule of water of
crystallization, which is liberated during heating.
3 NaHCO3 + C6 H8O7.H2O → C 6H5Na3O7 + 3CO2 → + 3H2O
Sodium bicarbonate citric acid sodium citric
2. The water produced from the reaction between, tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate.
3NaHCO3 + C4H6O6 → C4H4Na2O6 + 2CO2 ↑ + 2H2O
Sodium bicarbonate tartaric acid sodium tart rate
In the preparation of effervescent granules, pre-heating of the dish is important before transferring
the powder in to it, to ensure the liberation of water of crystallization, from the citric acid.
• If dish is heated after the addition of powder blend, the water will liberate slowly and it will
evaporate simultaneously. As a result, sufficient water will not be available, to make a
coherent mass to prepare granules. Generally heating is done, up to 1-5 minutes.

29
Pharmaceutics -II
• The damp mass produced is passed through a suitable sieve and the granules produced are
dried in an oven, at a temperature not exceeding 60 0 C and then packed in air tight container.
Granulation by fusion method usually results in loss of weight, due to:
1) Loss of moisture from the damp mass, by evaporation.
2) Loss of co 2 in the chemical reaction, between acids and base.
The loss in weight is approximately equal to one seventh of the total weight of powder. Hence it
must be taken into consideration during calculating the quantity of ingredients is more than 1000
g.
PROCEDURE:
There will be little wastage (loss) during weighing, mixing and granulation, hence to manipulate
these practical losses. Calculate the quantity of ingredients for at least 1to 2 grams extra, than
prescribed.
• Accurately weigh sodium phosphate, tartaric acid, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate,
according to calculation.
• Mix all the ingredients in ascending order of their weights, by trituration.
• Place a porcelain dish on a water bath and heat the water bath, to boiling point.
• Place the powder mixture in to the hot porcelain dish, which is kept on a boiling water bath.
• Stir the powder mixture with the help of spatula, for 1- 5 minutes i.e. until a damp (coherent)
mass is formed.
• Remove the damp mass from the dish and immediately pass through the sieve no.20, by
placing on a damy (butter) paper.
• Dry the granules by spreading on a sheet of paper, in hot air oven at temperature not excee
ding 600 C.
DISPENSING: weigh the prescribed quantity of granules and transfer in to wide mouthed
container, close it tightly with screw cap and label. Supply with 5 ml measuring spoon.
DIRECTION: Add two spoonfuls of granules, to a tumblerful of water with stirring and drink the
solution, during while effervescing.
STORAGE: store in a dry place.
AUXILIARY LABEL: STORE IN DRY PLACE
USES: sodium phosphate effervescent granules are used as cathartic.
RESULT :

30
Pharmaceutics -II
EXPERIMENT NO: -
AIM: To prepare and dispense Chloramphenicol eardrop.
Rx
Chloramphenicol 5%
Propylene glycol.qs.. fl.3 xxv
Fiat: auristillae Mitte: fl.3 ii ss
REFERENCE:
Sanmathi B.S , Kalpesh K. Mehta , Anshu Gupta ; Dispensing Pharmacy ,A practical Mannual ,
Pharma Med Press , Page No 162
REQUIREMENTS: Chloramphenicol, Propylene glycol, Purified water, Beaker, Glass rod,

measuring cylinder
THEORY: Chloramphenicol acts as antibiotic and antiseptic, which is used in the treatment of
chromic otorrhoea and chronic otitis.Cloramphenicol is sparingly soluble in water, but it is freely
soluble in propylene glycol (1:7). Hence propylene glycol is used as a vehicle. Ear drops is prepared
by simple solution method, by dissolving chloramphenicol in propylene glycol.
PROCEDURE:
1) Accurately weigh chloramphenicol and dissolve in ¾ th of propylene glycol.
2) Filter the solution through sintered glass funnel or using cloth to remove, if any foreign
particles or any undissolved substance are present.
3) Transfer this content to a measure and adjust the final volume with propylene glycol.
DISPENSING: Chloramphenicol is sensitive to the light; therefore transfer the solution to amber
coloured, small, glass or plastic bottle of 10-15 ml capacity. Close it thoroughly with rubber closure
and aluminium cap, polish, label and supply with a dropper.
DIRECTION: Three drops to be instilled in to the affected ear, two times a day.
STORAGE: Store in cool and dark place.
AUXILLIARY LABEL: FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY OR FOR EAR USE ONLY.
NOT TO BE TAKEN ORALLY.
NOT TO BE DILLUED WITH WATER BEFORE USE.
STORE IN A COOL AND DARK PLACE.
KEEP AWAY FROM CHIDREN
USE: Chloramphenicol ear drops is used in the treatment of chronic otorrhoea and chronic otitis

31
Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense Sodium bicarbonate eardrop BP.
Rx
Sodii bicarbonatis 3is
Glyerini fl.oz i
Aquam……q.s…… fl. 3 XXV
Fiat:Auristillae Mitte:fl.oz ½
REFERENCE:
REQUIREMENTS: Glass mortor & pestle, glass beaker, glass rod, funnel, measuring cylinder,
pipette, narrow mouth glass bottle, Iodine, KI, purified water.
THEORY: Sodium bicarbonate dissolves the earwax and removes it, from the auditory canal. It is
readily soluble in water. Since glycerin and sodium bicarbonate are soluble in water, ear drops are
In this preparation, glycerin is used to improve softening capacity of the solution. Its hygroscopic
and emollient nature diminishes the itching sensation and softens the wax.
PROCEDURE:
1) Accurately weigh sodium bicarbonate and dissolve in 3/4th quantity of freshly boiled and
cooled water.
2) To the above solution, add glycerin, filter and adjust the final volume with water.
DISPENSING: Transfer the solution to a small glass or plastic bottle of 15 ml capacity, close
tightly with rubber closer and aluminium cap, polish, label and supply with a dropper.
DIRECTION: Two-three drops to be instilled into ear, as directed.
AUXILLIARY LABEL: FOR EXTENAL USE ONLY OR FOR EAR USE ONLY.
NOT TO BE TAKEN ORALLY OR NOT FOR INJECTION.
NOT TO BE DILUTED WITH WATER BEFORE USE.
KEEP AWAY FROM CHILDREN.
USES: Sodium bicarbonate ear drops is used, for softening of the ear wax.
RESULT:

32
Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense boric acid ointment
RX
Boric acid gr XV
Paraffin ointment 3XXV
Fiat: unguentum
REFRENCE:
THEORY:
Boric acid is used as local antinfective which is prepared by levigation method because boric acid
insoluble in paraffin ointment. Boric acid white colored substance. Hence paraffin ointment
prepared white soft paraffin used as base.
PROCEDURE
• Triturate boric acid in fine powder and pass through sieve no.180
• Weigh the required amount finely sifted boric acid and place on a cleaned ointment slab
• Weigh paraffin ointment on butter paper to prevent stickiness and place on other part of slab
• Take portion of base of about three times the boric acid and levigate with help of ointment
spatula
• Gradually incorporate remaining portion of paraffin ointment and levigate to to get
homogenous ointment.
DISPENSING: weigh prescribed quantity of ointment on butter paper and transfer ino ointment jar
or collapse tube seal and label
DIRECTION: apply on affected area
STORE: store in a cool place
AUXLLIARY LABEL: for external used only
USE: used as antiinfective and antiseptic
RESULT:

33
Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense Zinc Oxide –Glycerogelatin Suppository
Rx
Zinci oxidi gr i
Glycero- gelatin base q.s.. gr xv
Fiat: Suppositorium Mitte: tales sex
RFEFERENCE:
REQUIREMENTS: Suppository mould, china dish, water bath, beaker, glass rod, Zinc oxide,
Gelatin, Glycerin.
THEORY: It is medicated suppositories, prepared by using glycerol gelatin as abase. Zinc oxide
acts as an astringent and soothing agent. Glycerin promotes the peristaltic movement and evacuation
of lower bowel. It also act as preservative, to prevent putrefaction of gelatin. It is also used as
humectants and dehydrating agent, to prevent the suppositories from drying off. Gelatin gives
stiffness to the suppositories. Glycero gelatin base is 1.2 times denser than the cocoa butter, hence
this factor is to be taken in to account, during calculation of the amount of the base. Because the
displacement value is in accordance with cocoa butter there for the calculation amount of base
displeased by medicament in normal way as like cocoa butter and multiply that value by the density
factor 1.2.
PROCEDURE:
Consider the density of the base for the calculation and calculate all the ingredients for more extra
suppositories than prescribed, to manipulate the heavy loss during preparation because of sticky nature
of base.
2. Lubricate the mould with liquid paraffin or rachis oil and put inverted on the ice.
3. Heat the glycerine to 100C in china dish on a water bath.
4. Heat purified water up to boiling remove it from heat and weighed quantity of gelatine and sitar gently
to dissolve.
5. Add the hot glycerine to the aqueous solution of gelatine and take the weight of dish and content.
Steer the mixture gently to avoid entrapment of air bubble until gelatine dissolve completely and jell is
formed.
6. Maintain the base at 100 C for one hour to make it sterilized.
7. After this take the weight of dish and content if necessary. Add the hot [purified water to adjust the
weight, due to evaporation of water during heating.
8. Weight the finely powdered zinc oxide (#120) and add in small amount to the moulded base with
stirring. Continue the starring until the preparation became viscous to parable.
9. Pour the Hot mass in to each cavity of the chilled mould sufficiently, Leave for 2 to 3 minute, until the

34
Pharmaceutics -II
mass has just set.
10. Place the mould n ice or keep in refrigerator for an about half an hour and trim of any excess with a
sharp knife or a razor blade.
11. On clean tile spared liquid paraffin, remove the suppositories and place on a tile, Roll each
suppository to provide a slight coating of lubricant to prevent sticking with each other and to the packing
container.
DISPENSING: Glycerin is a very hygroscopic in nature there for transfer this suppositories in to a
air tight glass container and close tightly and label.
DIRECTION: After unwrapping, moisten the suppositories with a little water and insert in to
rectum.
AUXILLARY LABEL: FOR RECTAL USE ONLY.

STORE IN A COOL PLACE.
STORAGE: Store in refrigerator or store in cold temperature.
USES: Zinc oxide act as mild astringent and smoothening agent, Glycerin promotes peristalsis,
which helps in the easy evacuation of bowel. There for this suppositories are used, in the treatment
of constipation and piles.
RESULT:

35
Pharmaceutics -II
AIM: To prepare and dispense Boric acid suppository.
Rx
Acidi borici gr ii
Cacaonisbutyri… q.s.. gr xv
Fiat: Suppositorium
mitte: tales octo
REFERENCES:
Pharma Med Press , Page No
REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, Pipette, Glass rod, suppository mould, spatula, Boric acid, cocoa
butter.
THEORY:
These suppositories contain an insoluble solid like boric acid, which acts as anti infective, in this
preparation cocoa butter is used as base, in which boric acid is insoluble. Therefore suppositories are
prepared by dispersing boric acid in the melted base, by fusion method. In this preparation, heating
of cocoa butter is very important because, it solidifies in to different polymorphic (crystalline)
forms, when melted and cooled. These polymorphs may exist as stable and metastable forms,
depending upon the temperature of melting and rate of cooling.
Polymorphicform NatureMeltingpoint
======================================================
Gamma (γ) form Meta stable 18˚C
Alpha (α) form Meta stable 22˚C
Beta (β‟) form Meta stable 28˚C
Beta(β)form Stable 34.5˚C
======================================================
If cocoa butter is melted at less than 36˚C and slowly cooled, it forms stable (β) form, which melts
at body temperature. If cocoa butter is overheated above 36˚C, after cooling, it forms Meta stable
polymorphs, which melts at lower temperature 15-22˚C. These Meta stable forms return to stable
form after several days, but these suppositories become unsuitable for use. Therefore cocoa butter is
melted, on a water bath only 2/3rd of its quantity and then immediately removed from the heat and
remaining base is melted with constant stirring . This avoids over heating of cocoa butter.
Lubrication of mould is necessary because, cocoa butter has the tendency of sticking to the sides of
the mould. Hence lubricant containing combination of soft soap, glycerin and alcohol is used. Since
cocoa butter contracts after cooling, it leads to formation of hallow depression at the centre top of
the suppositories. Hence to avoid this problem, mould is over filled and excess of base is trimmed
off horizontally after setting, using a sharp knife or blade. Warmed slab (tile) is used for levigation
of boric acid and cocoa butter, to prevent rapid cooling and solidification of the base during mixing.

36
Pharmaceutics -II
PROCEDURE:
1) Calculate the quantities of ingredients required, by taking displacement value of the medicament
into account. To manipulate the practical losses during preparation and suppositories, than
prescribed numbers.
2) Clean the suppository mould with hot water and detergent, finally rinse with water. Dry it
thoroughly, lubricate and invert on the ice, to drain the excess of lubricant and cool the mould.
3) Grate (Shred) the cocoa butter into small pieces and transfer to a china dish, and heat over a water
bath, until only 2/3rd of the base has melted and then remove it from the heat. Melt remaining
portion of the base, with constant stirring by spatula.
4) Heat the cleaned slab (tile), until it becomes warm to the head. Place the weighed amount of boric
acid on warmed tile and pour the half of the portion of melted cocoa butter and levigate (mix) them
as quickly as possible, using flexible spatula and then transfer to the dish. Stir to form a
homogenous mixture and cool, until it just becomes thick to pourable.
5) Pour the dispersion into each cavity to overflowing. Care must be taken to stir the mass
continuously, to ensure the even distribution of the medicament; otherwise it leads to sedimentation
of insoluble solids in melted mass, after softing.
6) Leave for two to three minutes, until the mass has just set, trim off the excess from the mould
horizontally, using sharp knife or razer blade (Trimming at this stage produces a clean cut, which
cannot be obtained when the mass has become hard.)
7) After trimming, keep the mould for ½ an hour in a refrigerator or on ice, then open the mould,
remove the suppositories.
8) Blot (wipe) the excess lubricant if present, by rolling suppositories on a cellulose tissue paper or
clean cloth.
DISPENSING: Wrap individual suppository in wax paper and put in partitioned box, or in wide
mouthed container, close it tightly with plastic screw cap and label.
DIRECTION: Insert one suppository to rectum, as directed.
AUXILIARY LABEL:
FOR RECTAL USE ONLY. STORE IN A COOL PLACE. OR STORE IN EFERIGERATOR.
STORAGE: Store in a cool place or stable in refrigerator or store in a cold temperature.
USES: Boric acid suppositories are used, as local anti-infective.
RESULT:

37
Pharmaceutics -II

38

RVS Journal

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

RVS Journal

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pharmaceutics -II

Clean white Apron / Mask / Cap

Parul Institute of Pharmacy & Research, D.Pharm II Year Page

EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:

AIM: To prepare and dispense Potassium bromide mixture.

REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, pipette , butter paper, container,

CHEMICALS: Potassium bromide, chloroform water, tincture of nux vomica

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH 1

DIRECTION: one tablespoonful to be taken , three times a day, after meals.

STORAGE: Store in a cool place.

USE: Act as sedative, tincture of nux vomica act as bitter tonic

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH 2

EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:

REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, pipette , butter paper, container,

DIRECTION: one tablespoonful to be taken , half and hour before breakfast.

STORAGE: Store in a cool place.

USE: Act as antacid

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH 4

EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:

REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, pipette , butter paper, container,

CHEMICALS:, Magnesium carbonate ,Kaolin, peppermint water, sodium

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 5

DISPENSING: Transfer the mixture to a clear, narrow mouthed bottle , close it

DIRECTION: one tablespoonful to be taken ,three times a day.

STORAGE: Store in a cool place.

AUXILLARY LABEL: SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.

USE: Used as anatcid

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 6

EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:

AIM: To prepare and dispense Acetyl salicylic Acid Mixture.

REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, pipette , butter paper, container,

CHEMICALS:, Acetyl salicylic acid mixture, potassium citrate, choloroform water

DIRECTION: one tablespoonful to be taken , at every 4 hours

AUXILLARY LABEL: SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.

USE: Act as analgesic and antipyretic

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 8

EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:

REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, pipette , butter paper, container,

CHEMICALS: paracetamol, ethanol,propylene glycol, rose oil, chloroform

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 9

DIRECTION: One tablespoonful to be taken, morning and night

STORAGE: Store in a cool place.

Dose: 5-10 ml according to age of patient

USE: used as analgesic and antipyretic

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 10

EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:

AIM: To prepare and dispense piperazine citrate elixir I.P.

REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, pipette , butter paper, container,

CHEMICALS: piperazine citrate, chloroform spirit, glycerin , orange oil,

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 11

DISPENSING:Transfer the elixir to a light resistant narrow mouthed, glass bottle,

DIRECTION: two tablespoonful to be taken at night

STORAGE: Store in a cool placeDose: 9-12 months – 2.5 ml

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 12

EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:

REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, pipette , butter paper, container,

CHEMICALS: turpentine oil, cinnamon water, accacia

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 13

DISPENSING: Transfer the emulsion in narrow mouthed, glass bottle, close it

DIRECTION: to be taken as drough

PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH Page 14

EXPERIMENT NO: - DATE:

REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, pipette , butter paper, container,