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Lillian Moller Gilbreth

Lillian Evelyn Moller Gilbreth (May 24, 1878 – January 2, 1972) was an American
psychologist and industrial engineer. One of the first working female engineers holding Lillian Moller Gilbreth
a Ph.D., she is held to be the first true industrial/organizational psychologist. She and her
husband Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. were efficiency experts who contributed to the study
of industrial engineering in fields such as motion study and human factors. The books
Cheaper by the Dozen and Belles on Their Toes (written by their children Ernestine and
Frank Jr.) tell the story of their family life with their twelve children, and describe how
they applied their interest in time and motion study to the organization and daily
activities of such a large family.[2]

Biography
Gilbreth was born in Oakland, California on May 24, 1878. She was the second of
eleven children of William Moller, a builder's supply merchant, and Annie Delger. Both
parents were of German descent. She was educated at home until she was nine years old,
when her formal schooling began at a public elementary school, where she was required
to start from the first grade (although she was rapidly promoted through the grades).[3]
She attended Oakland High School, where she was elected vice president of her senior
class; she graduated with exemplary grades in May 1896.[4]
Gilbreth in 1921
Gilbreth started college at the University of California, Berkeley shortly after, Born Lillie Evelyn Moller[1]
commuting by streetcar from her parents' Oakland home.[5] She graduated from the May 24, 1878
University of California in 1900 with a bachelor's degree in English literature and was Oakland, California
the first female commencement speaker at the university.[6] She originally pursued her Died January 2, 1972 (aged 93)
master's degree at Columbia University, where she was exposed to the subject of
Phoenix, Arizona
psychology through courses under Edward Thorndike.[7] However, she became ill and
returned home, finishing her master's degree in literature at the University of California Residence United States

in 1902. Her thesis was on Ben Jonson's play Bartholomew Fair.[8] Nationality American
Alma mater University of California
She met her future husband Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. in June 1903 in Boston,
Brown University
Massachusetts, and married him on October 19, 1904, in Oakland. Gilbreth completed a
dissertation and attempted to obtain a doctorate from the University of California in Occupation Ergonomics expert
1911, but was not awarded the degree due to noncompliance with residency Management consultant
requirements for doctoral candidates; this dissertation was later published as The Professor
Psychology of Management.[9] Instead, since her immediate family had relocated to Known for Seminal contributions to human
New England by this time, she attended Brown University and earned a Ph.D in factors engineering and ergonomics
psychology in 1915. She was the first of the pioneers of industrial management to Therblig
receive a doctorate.[10] Her second dissertation, on efficient teaching methods, is titled
Spouse(s) Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr.
Some Aspects of Eliminating Waste in Teaching.[11]
Children Ernestine Gilbreth Carey
She died on January 2, 1972 in Phoenix, Arizona.[12] Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr.
Anne M. Gilbreth

Work Mary Elizabeth Gilbreth

Martha B. Gilbreth
Lillian Gilbreth combined the perspectives of an engineer, a psychologist, a wife, and a William Gilbreth
mother; she helped industrial engineers see the importance of the psychological Lillian M. Gilbreth, Jr.
dimensions of work. She became the first American engineer ever to create a synthesis Frederick M. Gilbreth
of psychology and scientific management. By applying the principles of scientific Daniel B. Gilbreth
management to household tasks, Gilbreth "sought to provide women with shorter, John M. Gilbreth
simpler, and easier ways of doing housework to enable them to seek paid employment Robert M. Gilbreth
outside the home."[13] She also co-authored multiple books with her husband and Jane M. Gilbreth
business partner, Frank Sr., however, due to publishers' concerns about the books Awards National Academy of Engineering
credibility with a female author (despite the fact that Lillian had earned a doctorate
(elected 1965)
while her husband never attended college) she wasn't named as such. [14] Hoover Medal (1966)
Dr. Gilbreth was a pioneer of what is now known as Industrial and organizational
psychology. [15] She and her husband were certain that the revolutionary ideas of Frederick Winslow Taylor, as Taylor formulated them,
would be neither easy to implement nor sufficient; their implementation would require hard work by both engineers and psychologists to
make them successful. Both Lillian and Frank Gilbreth believed that scientific management as formulated by Taylor fell short when it
came to managing the human element on the shop floor.[16] The Gilbreths helped formulate a constructive critique of Taylorism; this
critique had the support of other successful managers.[17]

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Her work included the marketing research for Johnson & Johnson in 1926 and her efforts to improve women’s spending decisions during
the first years of the Great Depression. She also helped companies such as Johnson & Johnson and Macy's with their management
departments. In 1926, when Johnson & Johnson hired Lillian as a consultant to do marketing research on sanitary napkins,[18] the firm
benefited in three ways. First, it could use her training as a psychologist in the measurement and analysis of attitudes and opinions. Second,
it could give her the experience of an engineer who specializes in the interaction between bodies and material objects. Third, she would be
a public image as a mother and a modern career woman to build consumer trust.[19]

Time, motion and fatigue study

Main articles: Time and motion study and Gilbreth, Inc.

She and her husband were partners in the management consulting firm of Gilbreth, Inc., which performed time and motion study.
Additionally, the Gilbreths did research on fatigue study, the forerunner to ergonomics.[20]

Domestic management and home economics

The Gilbreth children often took part in the experiments. Gilbreth was instrumental in the development of the modern kitchen, creating the
"work triangle" and linear kitchen layouts that are often used today.[21] She is credited with the invention of both the foot pedal trash can
and the shelves on the inside of refrigerator doors, including the butter tray and egg keeper She also filed numerous patents, including ones
on improving the electric can opener and one for the wastewater hose for washers. When she was an industrial engineer working at
General Electric, she "interviewed over 4,000 women to design the proper height for stoves, sinks, and other kitchen fixtures as she
worked on improving kitchen designs".[22]

In addition to having twelve children, writing books, helping companies with their management skills, and managing women consumers,
Lillian was instrumental in the design of a desk in 1933 (in cooperation with IBM) for display at the Chicago World's Fair.[23]

Volunteer work and government service

Her government work began as a result of her longtime friendship with Herbert Hoover and his wife Lou Henry Hoover, both of whom she
had known in California;[24] Gilbreth had presided over the Women's Branch of the Engineers' Hoover for President campaign.[25] At the
behest of Lou Henry Hoover, Gilbreth joined the Girl Scouts as a consultant in 1929, later becoming a member of the board of directors,
and remained active in the organization for more than twenty years.[26]

Under the Hoover administration, she worked on and headed the women's section of the President's
Emergency Committee for Employment in 1930, where she worked to gain the cooperation of
women's groups for reducing unemployment.[27] During World War II, she was an advisor to
several governmental groups, providing expertise on education and labor (particularly women in
the workforce) for organizations such as for the War Manpower Commission, the Office of War
Information,[28] and the United States Navy.[29] In later years, she served on the Chemical Warfare
Board[30] and on Harry Truman's Civil Defense Advisory Council.[31] During the Korean War, she
served on the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services.[32]

Teaching

Gilbreth had always been interested in teaching and education; as an undergraduate she took
enough education courses to earn a teacher's certificate,[33] and her second doctoral dissertation
was on efficient teaching methods.
A photograph of Gilbreth distributed
during the Great Depression While residing in Providence, Rhode Island, she and husband taught free two-week summer
schools in scientific management from 1913 to 1916.[34] They later discussed teaching the
"Gilbreth system" of motion study to members of industry, but it was not until after her husband's death that she created a formal motion
study course. This system she presented at the 1. PIMCO – First Prague International Management Congress in Prague on July 1924. Her
first course began in January 1925, and it offered to "prepare a member of an organization, who has adequate training both in scientific
method and in plant problems, to take charge of Motion Study work in that organization."[35] Coursework included laboratory projects and
field trips to private firms to witness the application of scientific management.[36] She ran a total of seven motion study courses out of her
home in Montclair, New Jersey until 1930.[37]

Meanwhile, Gilbreth had been lecturing at Purdue University since 1925, where her husband had previously given annual lectures.[38] This
led to a visiting professorship in 1935, when she became the first female engineering professor at Purdue; she was granted full
professorship in 1940, dividing her time between the departments of industrial engineering, industrial psychology, home economics, and
the dean's office where she consulted on careers for women.[39] In the School of Industrial Engineering, she helped establish a time and
motion study laboratory, and transferred motion study techniques to the home economics department under the banner of "work
simplification".[40] She retired from Purdue in 1948.

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Besides teaching at Purdue, she was also appointed Knapp Visiting Professor at the University of Wisconsin's School of Engineering,[41]
and taught at other universities including the Newark College of Engineering (1941–43),[42] Bryn Mawr College, and Rutgers University.
[43] She became resident lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964, at the age of 86.[44]

Marriage and family

Lillian first met her future husband Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. in June 1903 in Boston, Massachusetts, en route to Europe with her
chaperone, who was Frank's cousin.[45] The couple married on October 19, 1904, in Oakland, California. As planned, they became the
parents of thirteen children (one was still-born in 1915), eleven of whom lived to adulthood.[46][47]

The children of Frank Bunker Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth were:[48]

Anne M. Gilbreth (September 9, 1905 – February 16, 1987) (age 81); married Robert E. Barney; three children (Peter, Frank,
Robert).
Mary Elizabeth Gilbreth (December 13, 1906 – January 31, 1912); died of diphtheria at age 5.
Ernestine Gilbreth (April 5, 1908 – November 4, 2006) (age 98); married Charles E. Carey; two children (Charles E. Carey, Lillian
Barley).[49]
Martha B. Gilbreth (November 5, 1909 – November 15, 1968) (age 59); married Richard E. Tallman; four children (Janet, Blair,
Mary, Stephanie).
Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr. (March 17, 1911 – February 18, 2001) (age 89); married 1): Elizabeth Cauthen (1934–1954) (her death)
2): Mary Pringle Manigault (1955–2001) (his death); three children (one from first marriage: Betsy; two from second marriage:
Rebecca, Dr. Edward Gilbreth).[50]
William Gilbreth (December 18, 1912 – April 14, 1990) (age 77); married Jean Irvin; two children (Lillian, Bill Gilbreth).
Lillian M. Gilbreth jr. (June 17, 1914 – June 23, 2001) (age 87); married Donald Dodge Johnson; two children (Julia, Dodge).
Infant Girl Gilbreth (September 13, 1915 – September 13, 1915; still-born).[51]
Frederick M. Gilbreth (August 17, 1916 – November 30, 2015) (age 99); married Jessie Blair Tallman; three children (Susan
Kaseler, Frank Gilbreth, John Gilbreth).[52][53][54]
Daniel Bunker Gilbreth (September 17, 1917 – June 13, 2006) (age 88); married Irene Jensen; three children (David Gilbreth, Danny
Gilbreth, Peggy).
John M. Gilbreth (May 29, 1919 – December 25, 2002) (age 83); married Dorothy Girvan; three children (Peter Gilbreth, James
Gilbreth, Deborah).
Robert Moller Gilbreth (July 4, 1920 – July 24, 2007) (age 87); married Barbara Filer; two children (Ann Gilbreth Wilson, Roy D.
Gilbreth)[55]
Jane Moller Gilbreth (June 22, 1922 – January 10, 2006) (age 83); married George Paul Heppes; two children (Laurie, Paula).

Awards and achievements

During her career, Gilbreth received numerous awards and honors, including 23 honorary degrees from such schools as Princeton
University, Brown University, and the University of Michigan. She was named 1954 Alumna of the Year by the University of California's
alumni association.[56] She was accepted to the membership of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1926, becoming its
second female member; the society later awarded both her and her husband (posthumously) the Henry Laurence Gantt Medal in 1944 for
her contributions to industrial engineering.[57][58] In 1950, she was the first honorary member of the newly created Society of Women
Engineers.[59]

In 1965, she became the first woman elected to the National Academy of Engineering.[60][61] The next year, she received the Hoover
Medal, an engineering prize awarded jointly by five engineering societies, for her "contributions to motion study and to recognition of the
principle that management engineering and human relations are intertwined.... Additionally, her unselfish application of energy and
creative efforts in modifying industrial and home environments for the handicapped has resulted in full employment of their capabilities
and elevation of their self-esteem".[62]

Legacy
In 1984, the United States Postal Service issued a 40¢ Great Americans series postage stamp in Gilbreth's honor,[63] and she was lauded by
the American Psychological Association as the first psychologist to be so commemorated. Psychologists Gary Brucato Jr. and John D.
Hogan later questioned this claim, noting that John Dewey had appeared on an American stamp in 1968 (17 years earlier). However, they
also emphasized that Gilbreth was the first female psychologist to be so honored.[64] A comprehensive international list of psychologists
on stamps (compiled by psychology historian Ludy T. Benjamin) indicates that Gilbreth was the second female psychologist
commemorated by a postage stamp in all the world, preceded only by Maria Montessori in India in 1970.[65]

Multiple engineering awards have been named in her honor. The Lillian M. Gilbreth Lectureships were established in 2001 by the National
Academy of Engineering, to recognize outstanding young American engineers.[61] The highest honor bestowed by the Institute of
Industrial Engineers is the Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Industrial Engineering Award, for "those who have distinguished themselves through

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contributions to the welfare of mankind in the field of industrial engineering".[66] At Purdue University, the Lillian M. Gilbreth
Distinguished Professor is an honor bestowed on a member of the industrial engineering department.[67] Additionally, the Society of
Women Engineers awards the Lillian Moller Gilbreth Memorial Scholarship to deserving female engineering undergraduates.[68]

Lillian and husband Frank have a permanent collection in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History,[69] and her portrait
hangs in the National Portrait Gallery.[70] Their papers are housed in The Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Library of Management at Purdue
University.[71]

In 1941, Dr. Gilbreth was made an honorary member of Mortar Board by the Purdue University chapter of the esteemed national honor
society.

Selected works
The Psychology of Management: the Function of the Mind in Determining, Teaching and Installing Methods of Least Waste (1914)
Applied motion study; a collection of papers on the efficient method to industrial preparedness. (1917) with Frank B. Gilbreth
Fatigue Study: The Elimination of Humanity's Greatest Unnecessary Waste; a First Step in Motion Study (1916) with Frank B.
Gilbreth
Motion Study for the Handicapped (1920) with Frank B. Gilbreth
The Quest of the One Best Way: A Sketch of the Life of Frank Bunker Gilbreth (1925)
The Home-maker and Her Job (1927)
Living With Our Children (1928)
Normal Lives for the Disabled (1948), with Edna Yost
The Foreman in Manpower Management (1947), with Alice Rice Cook
Management in the Home: Happier Living Through Saving Time and Energy (1954), with Orpha Mae Thomas and Eleanor Clymer
As I Remember: An Autobiography (1998), published posthumously

References
1. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 21.
2. ↑ "That Most Famous Dozen". David Ferguson. Retrieved
23 September 2015.
3. ↑ Lancaster 2004, pp. 38-39.
4. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 41.
5. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 46.
6. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 50.
7. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 55.
8. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 57.
9. ↑ Wood 2003, p. 125.
10. ↑ Lancaster 2004, pp. 157–159.
11. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 363.
12. ↑ "Dr. Lillian Gilbreth Dies". Associated Press. January 3, 1972.
Retrieved 2008-07-09. "The real-life mother in the book and movie.
'Cheaper by the Dozen,' Dr. Lillian Moller Gilbreth, died Sunday at a
local nursing home. She was 93."
13. ↑ De Léon, Michael A. (2000). Angela M. Howard and Frances M.
Kavenik, ed. Handbook of American Women's History (Second ed.).
Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. p. 220.
ISBN 0761916350.
14. ↑ Held, Lisa. "Lillian Gilbreth - Psychology's Feminist Voices".
www.feministvoices.com. Retrieved 2016-09-20.
15. ↑ Held, Lisa. "Lillian Gilbreth - Psychology's Feminist Voices".
www.feministvoices.com. Retrieved 2016-09-20.
16. ↑ Graham 1998, pp. 49, 54.
17. ↑ Hartness, James (1912). The Human Factor in Works
Management. New York and London: McGraw-Hill. p. 159 pages.
Republished by Hive Publishing Co (Hive management history
series, no. 46) (ISBN 978-0879600471).
18. ↑ "Discussion of the Report of Gilbreth, Inc. to the Johnson &
Johnson company, 1 January 1927.". Museum of Menstruation.
Retrieved 16 April 2011.
19. ↑ Graham 1998, p. 218.
20. ↑ Dempsey, P.G. (2006). "Scientific Management Influences on
Ergonomic Analysis Techniques". In Waldemar Karwowski.
International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors. 3
(2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 3354–3356. ISBN 978-0-415-30430-6.
21. ↑ Lange, Alexandra (2012-10-25). "The Woman Who Invented the
Kitchen". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 2016-09-20.
22. ↑ Giges, Nancy (May 2012). "The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers". Lillian Moller Gilbreth. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
23. ↑ Graham 1998, p. 188, citing "Planned Motion in the Home," The
Gilbreth Management Desk pamphlet, c. O f. NE, N-File, Gilbreth
Collection at Purdue University.
https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth.html
24. ↑ Gilbreth, Frank B.; Carey, Ernestine Gilbreth. Belles On Their
Toes. HarperCollins. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-06-059823-5.
25. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 273.
26. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 281.
27. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 286.
28. ↑ Wood 2003, p. 128.
29. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 315.
30. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 309.
31. ↑ Eugene, Rabinowitch, ed. (Sep 1951). "CD appropriations face
further cut". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Educational
Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. 7 (9): 285. ISSN 0096-3402.
32. ↑ Morden, Betty J. (1990). The history of the Women's Army Corps,
1945-1978. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 72.
33. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 47.
34. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 140.
35. ↑ Graham 1998, p. 96, citing Lillian Moller Gilbreth, typescript of an
advertisement for Gilbreth, Inc., c.134 f. 0830-20, N-File, Gilbreth
Collection at Purdue University.
36. ↑ Graham 1998, p.98.
37. ↑ Graham 1998, pp. 100.
38. ↑ Graham 1998, p. 104.
39. ↑ Graham 1998, p. 234.
40. ↑ Graham 1998, p. 236.
41. ↑ Lancaster 2004, p. 339.
42. ↑ Want to Learn More About Pioneering Female Engineer Lillian
Gilbreth, Subject of the Once-Again Rising Best-Seller, Cheaper by
the Dozen? press release. New Jersey Institute of Technology. Feb.
13, 2004.
43. ↑ Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey; Harvey, Joy (2000). The Biographical
Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient
Times to the Mid-20th Century, Volume 1. New York: Routledge.
p. 502. ISBN 978-0-415-92038-4.
44. ↑ Kimble, Gregory A.; Boneau, C.; Wertheimer, Alan Michael
(1996). Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology, Volume 2. Psychology
Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8058-2198-7.
45. ↑ Lancaster 2004, pp.63–64.
46. ↑ Saxon, Wolfgang (February 20, 2001). "Frank Gilbreth Jr., 89,
Author Of 'Cheaper by the Dozen' ". The New York Times. Retrieved
2008-07-09. "Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr., a journalist whose life-with-
father memoir Cheaper by the Dozen became a best seller and a
popular movie of the same title, died on Sunday in Charleston, S.C.,
where he had lived for the last 50 years. He was 89 and also had a
home in Nantucket, Mass."
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47. ↑ Ferguson, David. "That Most Famous Dozen". The Quest, fall
2000 issue.
48. ↑ "Gilbreth Family Tree". Cheaper and Belles. Retrieved
2011-04-18.
49. ↑ Leimbach, Dulcie (6 November 2006). "Ernestine Gilbreth Carey,
98, Author of Childhood Memoir, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved
18 April 2011.
50. ↑ "In Memory Frank B. Gilbreth, Jr. 1911-2001". The Gilbreth
Network. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
51. ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/F8JD-QHJ
52. ↑ "Frederick M. Gilbreth Obituary". Retrieved 1 December 2015.
53. ↑ "Mrs. Frederick (Jessie Blair) Gilbreth". Larchmont Gazette.
Retrieved 18 April 2011.
54. ↑ "Cheaper By The Dozen - The Dozen". eRead Me Vegas.
Retrieved 18 April 2011.
55. ↑ "Robert Moller Gilbreth". Wilkinson-Beane Funeral Home.
Retrieved 18 April 2011.
56. ↑ "Alumnus/a of the Year Recipients". Cal Alumni Association.
Retrieved 23 April 2011.
57. ↑ "Norden Is Honored For His Inventions ... Other Award Winners
Include E.G. Budd, R.E. Flanders and Dr. Lillian Gilbreth". The New
York Times. November 30, 1944. Retrieved 2012-09-29. "Dr. Lillian
Moller Gilbreth, management engineer, received the Gantt Memorial
..."
58. ↑ Graham 1998, p. 105.
59. ↑ "The SWE Story... timeline of achievement". Society of Women
Engineers.
Lillian Moller Gilbreth
60. ↑ Finken, De Anne (Spring 2005). "Lillian Moller Gilbreth, Ph.D.: A
Legend in her own time - and now!" (PDF). SWE Magazine. Society
of Women Engineers. pp. 16–22. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
61. 1 2 "National Academy of Engineering Armstrong Endowment for
Young Engineers - Gilbreth Lectures". National Academy of
Engineering. April 2011.
62. ↑ "ASME - Past Hoover Medal Recipients". American Society of
Mechanical Engineers.
63. ↑ "Women On Stamps - Publication 512". United States Postal
Service. April 2003.
64. ↑ Brucato Jr., Gary; John D. Hogan (Spring 1999). "Psychologists on
postage stamps". The General Psychologist. 34 (1): 65.
65. ↑ Benjamin, Ludy T. (2003). "Why Can't Psychology Get a Stamp?".
Journal of applied psychoanalytic studies. 5 (4): 443–454.
66. ↑ "The Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Industrial Engineering Award".
Institute of Industrial Engineers. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
67. ↑ "Purdue College of Engineering -- Distinguished Professors".
Purdue University. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
68. ↑ "SWE - Undergraduate Scholarships". Society of Women
Engineers. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
69. ↑ "Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Collection". Smithsonian Institution
Research Information System. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
70. ↑ "American Women: A selection from the National Portrait Gallery
- Lillian Moller Gilbreth". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved
2011-04-16.
71. ↑ "The Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Library of Management: The N-
File". Purdue University Libraries. Retrieved 2011-04-16.

Bibliography
Graham, Laurel D. Managing On Her Own: Dr. Lillian Gilbreth and Women's Work in the Interwar Era. Norcross, GA, USA:
Engineering & Management Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-89806-185-7.
Graham, Laurel D. 1994. "Critical Biography Without Subjects and Objects: An Encounter with Dr. Lillian Moller Gilbreth", The
Sociological Quarterly 35:621–643.
Lancaster, Jane. Making Time: Lillian Moller Gilbreth, A Life Beyond "Cheaper by the Dozen". Northeastern University Press, 2004.
ISBN 978-1-55553-612-1.
Lancaster, Jane. "O Pioneer", Brown Alumni Monthly 96(5) February 1996. Biography
Sullivan, Sherry. 1995. "Management's Unsung Theorist: An Examination of the Works of Lillian M. Gilbreth", Biography 18: 31–
41.
Wood, Michael C. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth: Critical Evaluations in Business and Management, Volume 1. Routledge, 2003. ISBN
978-0-415-30946-2.
Yost, Edna. 1949. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Partners for Life. Piscataway, New Jersey: Rutgers Univ. Press.
Yost, Edna. 1943. "Lillian Moller Gilbreth", in American Women in Science. Philadelphia: Frederick A. Stokes.

External links
Works by Lillian Moller Gilbreth at Project Gutenberg
Wikiquote has quotations
Works by or about Lillian Moller Gilbreth at Internet Archive
related to: Lillian Moller
Widening Horizons - Dr. Lillian m. Gilbreth Gilbreth
Biography
Biography and Index to Purdue University Library's vast holdings of Gilbreth papers
A 1955 newspaper interview with Gilbreth
Podcast (with transcript) of interview with Gilbreth's biographer Jane Lancaster, from the Lemelson Center
Lillian Gilbreth Keynote Speech, Society of Women Engineers National Convention, 1957
Lillian Gilbreth Profile on Psychology's Feminist Voices

Gilbreth family
Family members Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. · Lillian Moller Gilbreth · Ernestine Gilbreth Carey · Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr.

Scientific management Time and motion study · The Psychology of Management · Therblig

Family memoirs Cheaper by the Dozen · Belles on Their Toes

Cheaper by the Dozen (1950 film) · Belles on Their Toes · Cheaper by the Dozen (2003 film) ·
Film adaptations
Cheaper by the Dozen 2

Inductees to the National Women's Hall of Fame

1970–1979

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1973 Jane Addams · Marian Anderson · Susan B. Anthony · Clara Barton · Mary McLeod Bethune · Elizabeth Blackwell ·
Pearl S. Buck · Rachel Carson · Mary Cassatt · Emily Dickinson · Amelia Earhart · Alice Hamilton · Helen Hayes ·
Helen Keller · Eleanor Roosevelt · Florence Sabin · Margaret Chase Smith · Elizabeth Cady Stanton · Helen Brooke Taussig ·
Harriet Tubman
1976 Abigail Adams · Margaret Mead · Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias

1979 Dorothea Dix · Juliette Gordon Low · Alice Paul · Elizabeth Bayley Seton

1980–1989
1981 Margaret Sanger · Sojourner Truth

1982 Carrie Chapman Catt · Frances Perkins

1983 Belva Lockwood · Lucretia Mott

1984 Mary "Mother" Harris Jones · Bessie Smith

1986 Barbara McClintock · Lucy Stone · Harriet Beecher Stowe

1988 Gwendolyn Brooks · Willa Cather · Sally Ride · Ida B. Wells-Barnett

1990–1999
1990 Margaret Bourke-White · Barbara Jordan · Billie Jean King · Florence B. Seibert

1991 Gertrude Belle Elion

Ethel Percy Andrus · Antoinette Blackwell · Emily Blackwell · Shirley Chisholm · Jacqueline Cochran · Ruth Colvin ·
Marian Wright Edelman · Alice Evans · Betty Friedan · Ella Grasso · Martha Wright Griffiths · Fannie Lou Hamer ·
Dorothy Height · Dolores Huerta · Mary Jacobi · Mae Jemison · Mary Lyon · Mary Mahoney · Wilma Mankiller ·
1993
Constance Baker Motley · Georgia O'Keeffe · Annie Oakley · Rosa Parks · Esther Peterson · Jeannette Rankin ·
Ellen Swallow Richards · Elaine Roulet · Katherine Siva Saubel · Gloria Steinem · Helen Stephens · Lillian Wald ·
Madam C. J. Walker · Faye Wattleton · Rosalyn S. Yalow · Gloria Yerkovich
Bella Abzug · Ella Baker · Myra Bradwell · Annie Jump Cannon · Jane Cunningham Croly · Catherine East ·
Geraldine Ferraro · Charlotte Perkins Gilman · Grace Hopper · Helen LaKelly Hunt · Zora Neale Hurston · Anne Hutchinson
1994
· Frances Wisebart Jacobs · Susette La Flesche · Louise McManus · Maria Mitchell · Antonia Novello · Linda Richards ·
Wilma Rudolph · Betty Bone Schiess · Muriel Siebert · Nettie Stevens · Oprah Winfrey · Sarah Winnemucca · Fanny Wright
Virginia Apgar · Ann Bancroft · Amelia Bloomer · Mary Breckinridge · Eileen Collins · Elizabeth Hanford Dole ·
Anne Dallas Dudley · Mary Baker Eddy · Ella Fitzgerald · Margaret Fuller · Matilda Joslyn Gage · Lillian Moller Gilbreth ·
1995
Nannerl O. Keohane · Maggie Kuhn · Sandra Day O'Connor · Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin · Patricia Schroeder ·
Hannah Greenebaum Solomon
Louisa May Alcott · Charlotte Anne Bunch · Frances Xavier Cabrini · Mary A. Hallaren · Oveta Culp Hobby ·
1996 Wilhelmina Cole Holladay · Anne Morrow Lindbergh · Maria Goeppert-Mayer · Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose ·
Maria Tallchief · Edith Wharton
Madeleine Albright · Maya Angelou · Nellie Bly · Lydia Moss Bradley · Mary Steichen Calderone · Mary Ann Shadd Cary ·
Joan Ganz Cooney · Gerty Cori · Sarah Grimké · Julia Ward Howe · Shirley Ann Jackson · Shannon Lucid ·
1998
Katharine Dexter McCormick · Rozanne L. Ridgway · Edith Nourse Rogers · Felice Schwartz · Eunice Kennedy Shriver ·
Beverly Sills · Florence Wald · Angelina Grimké Weld · Chien-Shiung Wu

2000–2009
Faye Glenn Abdellah · Emma Smith DeVoe · Marjory Stoneman Douglas · Mary Dyer · Sylvia A. Earle · Crystal Eastman ·
2000 Jeanne Holm · Leontine T. Kelly · Frances Oldham Kelsey · Kate Mullany · Janet Reno · Anna Howard Shaw · Sophia Smith
· Ida Tarbell · Wilma L. Vaught · Mary Edwards Walker · Annie Dodge Wauneka · Eudora Welty · Frances E. Willard
Dorothy H. Andersen · Lucille Ball · Rosalynn Carter · Lydia Maria Child · Bessie Coleman · Dorothy Day ·
2001 Marian de Forest · Althea Gibson · Beatrice A. Hicks · Barbara Holdridge · Harriet Williams Russell Strong ·
Emily Howell Warner · Victoria Woodhull
Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis · Ruth Bader Ginsburg · Katharine Graham · Bertha Holt · Mary Engle Pennington ·
2002
Mercy Otis Warren

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9/25/2018 Lillian Moller Gilbreth

2003 Linda G. Alvarado · Donna de Varona · Gertrude Ederle · Martha Matilda Harper · Patricia Roberts Harris ·
Stephanie L. Kwolek · Dorothea Lange · Mildred Robbins Leet · Patsy Takemoto Mink · Sacagawea · Anne Sullivan ·
Sheila E. Widnall
Florence Ellinwood Allen · Ruth Fulton Benedict · Betty Bumpers · Hillary Clinton · Rita Rossi Colwell ·
2005
Mother Marianne Cope · Maya Y. Lin · Patricia A. Locke · Blanche Stuart Scott · Mary Burnett Talbert
Eleanor K. Baum · Julia Child · Martha Coffin Pelham Wright · Swanee Hunt · Winona LaDuke · Elisabeth Kübler-Ross ·
2007
Judith L. Pipher · Catherine Filene Shouse · Henrietta Szold
Louise Bourgeois · Mildred Cohn · Karen DeCrow · Susan Kelly-Dreiss · Allie B. Latimer · Emma Lazarus · Ruth Patrick ·
2009
Rebecca Talbot Perkins · Susan Solomon · Kate Stoneman

2010–2019
St. Katharine Drexel · Dorothy Harrison Eustis · Loretta C. Ford · Abby Kelley Foster · Helen Murray Free · Billie Holiday ·
2011
Coretta Scott King · Lilly Ledbetter · Barbara A. Mikulski · Donna E. Shalala · Kathrine Switzer
Betty Ford · Ina May Gaskin · Julie Krone · Kate Millett · Nancy Pelosi · Mary Joseph Rogers · Bernice Sandler ·
2013
Anna Schwartz · Emma Willard
Tenley Albright · Nancy Brinker · Martha Graham · Marcia Greenberger · Barbara Iglewski · Jean Kilbourne ·
2015
Carlotta Walls LaNier · Philippa Marrack · Mary Harriman Rumsey · Eleanor Smeal

WorldCat Identities · VIAF: 54242008 · LCCN: n50027901 · ISNI: 0000 0001 1063 2093 · GND: 118539272 ·
Authority control
SUDOC: 152514422 · BNF: cb12445642r (data)

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