GODYSON B.

DOLFO
Criminologist
Security Services NC II
Certified Security Trainer
Certified Crime Prevention Specialist

MS Criminology Graduate – major LEPS

BS Criminology Graduate – major SECSAM
Certificate in Professional Education – (CPE)
DPA – earned academic units

National Reviewer and Book Author

President, Megs Academics Solutions
Dean of Criminology – Northern Zambales College, Inc.
Vice President, Council of Deans Region 3
Deputy Regional Director -R3 / Active Member – PCAP
VP Admin/BOT, Zambales Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Inc.
Past President, Rotary Club of Iba, Zambales – RY 2016-2017
 TRY THIS
1. Which of the following study tackles the control of
crimes.
a. Victimology
b. Criminalistics
c. Criminal Justice
d. Penology
2. An agency that is responsible in the investigation of
the complaint.
a. Police
b. Court
c. Prosecution
d. Correction
3. Just desert means:
a. the act of prosecution of proceeding no further in a
lawsuit
b. the punishment that one deserves
c. the fundamental facts of the existence of a crime
d. at the first appearance
4. In explaining child delinquency, when a child shows a
deeply ingrained, inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving, and
thinking serious enough to cause distress or impaired
functioning which are usually recognizable by adolescence or
earlier, continue throughout adulthood, and become less
obvious throughout middle age. He is suffering :
a. Phobia
b. Dipsomania
c. Personality Disorder
d. Regression
5. Usually referred as self-evident truth based upon
known fact or phenomenon.
a. Hypothesis
b. Assumption
c. Conclusion
d. Recommendation
CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY &
PSYCHOLOGY OF CRIME
• Introduction to Criminology and Psychology of Crimes
• Juvenile Delinquency and Crime Prevention
• Human Behavior and Crisis Management
• Criminal Justice System
• Police Ethics and Values
• Criminological Research
 CRIMINOLOGY: Etymology
From Latin “crīmen” meaning accusation, originally from
Ancient Greek “krino” or “cerno” meaning to separate or
to decide, In modern English “crimen” pertains to crime.

And Ancient Greek –λογία, Greek – logos, Latin -logia

meaning word, reason or plan. “Logos” which in modern
English is field of study.

Literally, CRIMINOLOGY pertains to

THE FIELD OF STUDY OF CRIME.
 CRIMINOLOGY: Philology

• Criminal Anthropology
• Criminologia
• Criminalogie - Criminologie
• Criminology
 CRIMINOLOGY: Definition
• “Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social
phenomenon. It includes within its scope the processes of making
laws, and of breaking laws, and of reacting toward the breaking of
laws” (Sutherland and Cressey, 1939)

• Criminology as a discipline is the study of crime and the criminal

element, its causes, and the suppression and prevention of it. (Roufa,
2017)

• Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioral and

social sciences, drawing especially upon the research of sociologist,
psychologist, philosophers, psychiatrist, biologist, social
anthropologist as well as scholars of law. (Wikipedia, 2017)
• “Criminology can be defined as the systematic
study of crime, criminals, criminal law, criminal
justice, and criminalization.” (Wilson, 2015)
For him this is, the rigorous, organized, and methodical examination of
making laws, breaking laws, and enforcing laws, including the
adjudication of allegedly broken laws, as well as wrongdoing and
injustices that could or should be made illegal and the public discourse
about the creation, violation, enforcement, and adjudication of the
law—whether such study is ancient or modern, whether artistic,
essayistic, scientific, or otherwise academic, be it quantitative or
qualitative, be it empirical or theoretical, be it “pure research” that is
analytical and concerned with the causes of crime or “applied
research” that is ethical and/or political and addressed to crime control
or the treatment of offenders.
 INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY AND
PSYCHOLOGY OF CRIMES
1. What study that includes political terrain of social
control, effectiveness of anti-crime policies, social
reaction to crime and explaining illegal and/or
deviant behavior?

a. Criminology
b. Criminal Justice
c. Criminalistics
d. Penology
e.Victimology Ans: A
2. Among the nature of criminology, it states that application
of criminological studies adapt to varying times.

a. Applied Science
b. Social Science
c. Dynamic
d. Nationalistic

Ans: C
3. The study of criminality where the physical attributes of
man is considered including body measurement, features and
characteristics.

a.Criminal Anthropology Criminal Etiology

b.Criminal Psychiatry Criminal Ecology
c.Criminal Psychology Criminal Demography
d.Anthropometry
Ans: A
4. This group believes that mentally underdeveloped persons,
those having psychological imbalance or with personality
disorders or mentally and physically disabilities are exempted
from punishments.

a. Classical School
b. Positivist School
c. Neo - Classical School
d. Demonological School
Ans: B
5. This group believes that urbanization in certain places
produces higher risks among constituents and the rate of
crime increases.

a. Cartographic School
b. Laccasagne School
c. Chicago School
d. Marxist Criminology
Ans: C
6. This subfield of criminology believes that offending and problem
behaviors changes overtime as an individual ages.

a. Convict Criminology
b. Environmental Criminology
c. Queer Criminology
d. Developmental and Life Course Criminology
e. Cyber Criminology
f. Corporate Criminology
Ans: D
Principal Division of Criminology (CM Tradio)
1. Etiology of Crimes
2. Sociology of Law
3. Penology

Major Areas in the Study of Criminology

1. Origin and Role of Law
2. Definition of Crime and Criminals
3. Causation of Crime
4. Social Distribution of Crime
5. Pattern of Criminal Behavior
6. Social Reaction to Crime
1. ORIGIN AND ROLE OF LAW
LAW is a rule or set of rules, enforceable by the courts, regulating the
government of a state, the relationship between the organs of
government and the subjects of the state, and the relationship or
conduct of subjects towards each other. (Collins English Dictionary, 2017)

• Code of Ur-Nammu is the first and oldest known law code. It is from
Mesopotamia and is written on tablets in Sumerian language around
2100–2050 BC.
• Codex Hammurabi - codified and inscribed the Babylonian Code,
copies of the code are place in stelae, 1760 BC.
• Twelve Tables - basis of Roman Law are compiled, about 450 BCE.
• Natural laws are rooted in core values shared by many cultures.
Natural laws protect the members of community against harm to
persons or property. It also form the basis of common law systems.

• Statutes are enactments by legislative bodies and reflect current

cultural mores, albeit that some laws may be controversial.

• Unwritten Law

• Written Law
Sources of Philippine Laws
1. Constitution serves as the fundamental law of the land and the
authority provided thereon is the highest in order that no other
authority will prevail.
2. Statute supplies the provisions and details of the Constitution and it
provide rules and regulation in order to govern the citizen’s
conduct.
3. Treaties are agreement of two or more sovereign nations that are
legally binding and acknowledging themselves and defining their
relationships.
4. Judicial Decision Decisions made and rendered by the Supreme
Court, as the highest in the hierarchy of courts, in the application
and interpretation of law are binding in all other courts and serve as
part of the Philippine jurisprudence or legal system. (Art VIII of 1987
Philippine Constitution and Miranda v Imperial, 77 Phil 1066, 1947)
Purposes of Law

Law serves many purposes in a certain community or

territory. The following are the major purposes of the law
according to Harris and Brickley (2013)

• Establish standards
• Maintain order
• Resolve disputes
• Protection of liberties
• Guarantees rights
2. DEFINITION OF CRIME AND CRIMINALS
CRIME is an act committed or omitted, in violation of a public
law, either forbidding or commanding it; a breach or violation
of some public right or duty due to a whole community,
considered as a community. (Wilkins v. U. S, 1979)

CRIMINAL is defined as “an individual who has been found

guilty of the commission of conduct that causes social harm
and that is punishable by law.” (West's Encyclopedia of American Law, 2008)
A. Legal Classification of Crimes:

Felony, Offense, Misdemeanor

1. According to Law Violated
Dolo or Culpa
2. According to Manner of Commission
3. According to Stages in the Commission Attempted, Frustrated, Consummated

4. According to Plurality Simple or Complex (Compound or CC Proper)

5. According to Gravity Light, Less Grave, Grave

6. According to Nature of the Act Mala In Se or Mala Prohibita

B. Criminological Classification of Crime

1. According to the Result Acquisitive or Destructive

2. According to Time or Period of Commission Seasonal or Situational

3. According to Length of Time of the CommissionInstant or Episodal

4. According to Place or Location Static or Continuing

5. According to the Use of Mental Faculty Rational or Irrational

6. According to the Economic Status of Offender White Collar or Blue Collar

C. Classification of Criminals

1. According to Etiology Acute or Chronic (Neurotic or Normal)

2. According to Type of Offender Ordinary, Organized, Professional

3. According to Criminal Activities Professional, Situational, Habitual, Accidental

7. Theorists believe that a person’s status within family,
academia, and workplace are determinants of criminal
behavior.

a. Biological
b. Sociological
c. Psychological
d. Classical
Ans: B
3. CAUSATION OF CRIME
The two approaches to explain causes of crime are:

• Subjective Approach – An approach in determining crime

causation that focuses primarily to individual’s personal judgment,
which includes experiences, consciousness, impressions and
others.

• Objective Approach – An approach applied investigating that an

incidents has due regard for the known valid evidence which
include relevant facts, logical implications and viewpoints and
human purposes pertaining to that incident
A. Biological Theories. This endeavors to explain the development of
criminal behavior that results to the existence of crime primarily
considering individual traits and characteristics.

1. Physiognomy – refers to the evaluation of a person’s personality or

character (i.e., his or her nature) through an examination of that
person’s outward appearance.

2. Phrenology - It deals with similar attributes of the skull, but

attempts to relate these things to character and mental facilities.

3. Craniology is the study of differences in shape, size and proportions

among skulls from various human races.
4. Physiology or Somatotype – refers to the study of body build of a person
in relation to his temperaments and personality and the type of offense he is
most prone to commit.

a. Ernst Krestschmer – he distinguished 3 types of physiques:

asthenic – characterized as thin, small and weak
athletic – muscular and strong
pyknic – stout, round and fat

b. William Herbert Sheldon – formulated his own group of somatotype:

ectomorph – tall and thin, less social and more intellectual
mesomorph – well developed muscles and an athletic appearance
endomorph – heavy builds and slow moving
5. Heredity – the transmission of traits from parents to offspring

a. Richard Louis Dugdale – he studied the Jukes Family by researching

their family tree as far back 200 years. He discovered that most of
the ascendants of Jukes were criminals.

b. Henry Goddard – he traced the descendants of Martin Kallikak from

each of his two wives and found a distinct difference in terms of
quality of lives of descendants.

c. Charles Goring – he believed that criminal traits can be passed from

parents to offspring through genes.
6. Born Criminal (Lombrosian Theory). He termed it as “atavism”.
Atavistic or primitive man is a throwback to an earlier stage of human
evolution, and will commit crimes against society unless specifically
restrained from doing so. This type of criminal is the most dangerous,
and can be identified through his or her stigmata or identifying
characteristics.
* Insane Criminal
* Criminaloids (passion)

7. Inferiority Complex. Earnest Albert studied 17,000 subjects in

several states, comparisons of prisoners and non-prisoners, he
concluded that prisoners were organically inferior.
B. Psychological Theories – this are theories that attribute criminal
behavior of individuals to psychological factors such as emotion and
mental problems.

1. Psychoanalytic Theory. Sigmund Freud, recognized as Father of

Psychoanalysis, according to him, criminality is caused by the
imbalance of the 3 personality

Id – instinctual drives
Ego – sensible and responsible part of an individual
Superego – serves as moral conscience of an individual
• Psychosexual Development, which are enumerated in the following
sequence:

1. Oral Stage (Birth to 18 months) – gratified through sucking (mouth)

2. Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years) – attain pleasure by removing or
retaining feces
3. Phallic Stage (3 years to 6 years) – pleasure is attained through
playing genital (Electra and Oedipus Complexes)
4. Latency Stage (6 years to puberty) – sexual urges remain inhibited
and interacting with others of same sex
5. Genital Stage (puberty - onwards) – changes are observed in the
body and sexual urges are directed to opposite sex
• Personality Theory. This theory believes that criminal activity is the
result of a defective, deviant, or inadequate personality. Examples of
deviant personality traits include hostility, impulsiveness, aggression,
and sensation-seeking.
• Psychological Need Theory. Abraham Maslow introduced the
Hierarchy of Needs which is also known as “Theory of Human
Motivation”.
Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Social Needs
Esteem Needs
Self Actualization
C. Sociological Theories
1. Anomie Theory - Emil Durkheim, conflict is due to absence of social
norms
2. Imitation and Suggestion Theory - Gabriel Tarde, individual imitate
the behavior of others based on the degree of their association.
* Law of Close Contact * Law of Imitation of Superiors by Inferiors * Law of Insertion
3. Conflict Theory – Karl Marx, pressures and conflicts arise when
resources, status, and power are unequally distributed between
groups in society and that these conflicts become the instrument
for social change.
4. Social Learning Theory – Albert Bandura, learning is influenced by
psychological factors and behavioral learning theory which assumes
that learning is based on responses to environmental stimuli.
* Observation * Retention * Reproduction * Motivation
Modern Sociological Theories of Crime Causation

1. Social Structure Theories

• Social Disorganization Theory (Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay)
• Strain Theory – strain refers to individual frustration
and anger. Cultural Deviance – give emphasis on the
concept of culture and sub culture
• Sub-Culture Theory

B. Social Reaction Theories

1. Labelling Theory (Howard Becker)
C. Social Process Theories
1. Differential Association Theory (Edwin H. Sutherland)
2. Differential Identification Theory (Daniel Glaser)
3. Differential Opportunity Theory (Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin)
4. Differential Oppression Theory (John D. Hewitt and Bob Regoli)
5. Differential Reinforcement Theory (Robert L. Burgess and Robert L. Akers)
6. Relative Deprivation Theory (Samuel A. Stouffer)
7. Neutralization and Drift Theory (David Matza and Gresham Sykes)
8. Choice Theory (Cornish and Clarke)

D. Social Control Theories

1. Containment Theory (Walter Reckless)
2. Social Bond Theory (Travis Hirschi)
8. Urban conditions influence crime rates. Areas with high
unemployment, low-performing and underfunded schools, or
citizens with low socioeconomic status are more likely to
produce criminals.

a.Social Structure
b.Social Processes
c.Social Reaction
d.Social Control
Ans: A
9. One of the concern of this theory is prevalence of bias in
the justice system.

a.Social Structure Theory

b.Social Conflict Theory
c.Social Disorganization Theory
d.Social Control Theory

Ans: B
10. This theory focuses on why people obey the law. In other
words, it explains conformity rather than deviance.

a.Social Structure Theory

b.Social Conflict Theory
c.Social Disorganization Theory Due to weakened social controls.

d.Social Control Theory

Ans: D
11. People develop motivation to commit crime and the skills to
commit crime through the people they associate with, this is the
theorized by:

a. Differential Association Theory

b. Social Learning Theory
c. Differential Identification Theory
d. Strain Theory

Ans: B
12. A person with the propensities of becoming a thief will consider
thieves as their ideal person to identify themselves. This is anchored
from ___.

a. Differential Association Theory

b. Social Learning Theory
c. Differential Identification Theory
d. Strain Theory posits that the cultural values and social structures of
society put pressure on individual citizens to commit
crime.
Ans: C
13. This theory suggests that crime happens when individuals or groups
see themselves as being unfairly disadvantaged compared to other
individuals or groups who they see as being similar to themselves.

a.Object Relations Theory

b.Relative Deprivation
c.Differential Oppression
d.Neutralization Theory

Ans: B
14. This theory explains how deviants justified their deviant behaviors
by adjusting the definitions of their actions and by explaining to
themselves and others the lack of guilt of their actions in particular
situations.

a.Object Relations Theory

b.Relative Deprivation
c.Differential Oppression
d.Neutralization Theory
Ans: D
Object Relations Theory states that an object (a person, part of that
person or his symbol) relates to another through actions or behaviors
that are influenced by the residues of past interpersonal relationships.

Differential Oppression. Because children lack power due to their age,

size, and lack of resources, they are easy targets for adult oppression
that leads to adaptive reactions by children.
15. Which among the theories explains measures and control against
deviant behavior.

a.Differential Association Edwin Sutherland

b.Routine Activity Marcus Felson & Lawrence Cohen

c.Imitation and Suggestion Gabriel Tarde

d.Subversion and Containment Stephen Greenblatt

Ans: D
16. This theory argued that high crime and delinquency rates of certain
ethnic or racial group is explained by their exposure to diverse and
incongruent standards and code.

a. Labelling
b. Subculture
c. Anomie
d. Conflict of Culture

Ans: D
17. He discovered a relationship between crime and flawed
intelligence. Where he did find that criminals are more likely to be
insane, to be unintelligent, and to exhibit poor social behavior.

a. Emile Durkheim
b. Charles Goring
c. Alfred Adler Inferiority is a crucial part of our personality

d. Erik Erikson Stages of Psychosocial Development

Ans: B
18. Pukol and Pilay, who are opponents in a basketball tournament,
right after the latter uttered degrading words, such as “buwaya”, “puro
dribble wa shot” and “tab-bed ag-ay-ayam”, against the former. The
former boxed the latter that causes abrasions and contusions in his
head. Pilay can be considered as:

a.Acute Criminal
b.Ordinary Criminal
c.Situational Criminal
d.Victim
Ans: D
19. Crime, according to Criminologist, is directly proportional to
subject’s criminal tendencies plus his total environmental situation and
inversely to subject’s:

a.responses and resistance

b.health and mentality
c.attitude and behavior
d.ethics and values

Ans: A
20. The study and attempt of providing statistical measurement of
crime that happened in a certain territory of society.
a. Crime Data
b. Crime Statistics
c. Index Crimes
d. Non-Index Crimes

Ans: B
• Crime Index refers to the annual study of crime rates and
occurrences. (legalmatch, 2018)

• Crime Rate refers to number of crimes committed per

100,000 population. (Philippine National Police) The ratio of
crime in an area to the population of the said area, expressed
per 1000 population per year. (thefreedictionary, 2018)

• Index Crimes are crimes which are sufficiently significant and

which occur with sufficient regularity to be meaningful. Crimes
which include the following: murder, physical injury, robbery,
theft and rape. (Philippine National Police)

• Non-Index Crimes are all types of crimes not considered as

index crimes. (Philippine National Police)

• Total Crime Volume refers to the sum total of all crimes

reported in a given period of time.
• Cases Handled is the summation of cases pending at the
beginning of the period and new cases received during the
reference period. (National Statistical Coordination Board)

• Cases Pending are cases which have not yet been disposed of
at the beginning (or at the end) of the reference period. (Bureau of
Labor and Employment Statistics)

• Crime Incidence are the number of crimes reported as to index

or non-index crimes within a given period. (National Statistical
Coordination Board)
 HUMAN BEHAVIOR
• is the study of human conduct

• Study of human activities in an attempt to discover

recurrent patterns and to formulate rules about man’s
social behavior.
1. Behavior which is done and shown with full volition
of will.

a. Voluntary
b. Involuntary Overt or Covert
Simple or Complex
c. Rational
d. Irrational
Ans: A
2. Behavior that is carried out by means of unsaid
words and shown through body signs.

a.Habitual Motorized and manifested

b.Instinctive Unlearned and simply comes out

c.Symbolic
d.Complex Combination of behaviors

Ans: C
3. A behavior pattern which includes protective,
evaluative and righteous.

a. Parent
b. Adult Reasonable, flexible and factual

c. Adolescent Rebellious

d. Child Dependent, impatient and emotional

Ans: A
4. A stage of growth that commence at the time that
childhood ends and beginning of adolescence.

a.Childhood Pre-natal, Infancy, Babyhood

b.Puberty
c.Adolescence
d.Adulthood Middle Age, Old Age

Ans: B
Factors Affecting Behavior

•Heredity

•Environment
Three Types of Personality
Introvert - inclined to worry, reserved, lacking in flexibility, self-
centered or self-interested person.

Extrovert - persons who are friendly, flexible and adaptable, happy

working with others, free from worries, and outgoing.

Ambivert - in between extrovert and introvert.

5. This theory posits that human mind is dominated by the
unconsciousness, thus it is necessary to look inside of the
individual and analyze the unconscious motivation that forms
many of his thoughts.

a.Psychoanalytic
b.Trait Attributes attached to each person.

c.Humanistic Self Concept as the center of personality.

d.Ecological
Ans: A
6. These are traits which sometimes displayed by individual
but changes from time to time.

a. Cardinal Single trait dominating behavior

b. Central Basic modes of adjustment

c. Secondary
d. Primary

Ans: C
7. Among the seven level of psychosocial existence, this
refers to the basic level of existence in the evolutionary
chain.

a.Reactive
b.Tribalistic Way of Life . Principal value is tradition.

c.Egocentric Suspicious and disruptive at work.

d.Confromist Accept position in life and equity as fact of life.

Ans: A
8. These individuals lookout for surest and best was to beat
the system. They are goal-oriented moral entrepreneurs with
a desire to meet their own needs regardless of the cost to
others within the organization.

a. Confromist Accept position in life and equity as fact of life.

Value system and getting along with others.

b. Sociocentric
Focus attention on themselves.
c. Existential
d. Manipulative
Ans: D
9. The inner cause of an individual to behave in a way
designed to satisfy a need.

a.Target Goal or objective

b.Perception Process of organizing and interpreting sensory input.

c.Situation Surrounding that influence an individual’s perception.

d.Motivation
Internal - such as values
External – incentives and awards Ans: D
10. Something that exist within people that moves them to
engage.

a. Needs dynamic inner forces created and energized by human needs.

b. Drives inner impulse that designed to achieve specific goal.

c. Motives object, condition or activities toward which particular motive is directed.

d. Goals
Ans: A
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham H. Maslow

1.Survival Needs basic of all human needs to sustain life.

1.Security Needs comes whenever the survival needs has been attained.

2.Social Needs source of motivation

3.Ego Needs To be respected and known by others.

4.Self Actualization The need to grow and fulfill one’s potential.

11. This is the way people react against frustration.

a.Coping mechanism
b.Defense mechanism
c.Flexibility
d.Impulsivity

Ans: A
 12. The way of reacting to frustration wherein individuals are
looking for most possible or alternative means whenever
original plan intended to solve problem did not produce
intended result.

a. Aggression Negative outcome due to inability to handle frustration.

b. Detour Change direction in finding remedy or solution.

Running away or flight from the problem.

c. Withdrawal
d. Substitution
Direct Approach
Developing feeling of Inferiority
Ans: D
Use of Defense Mechanism
13. When the person uses this defense mechanism, he reverts
to a pattern of feeling, thinking or behavior which was
appropriate to an earlier stage of development.

a. Denial Refusing to recognize and deal with reality.

b. Regression
Forgetting emotionally disturbing thoughts.
c. Suppression
d. Repression Preventing from entering to consciousness.

Ans: B
14. Defense mechanism wherein an individual seek to
overcome his own feelings of loneliness, inferiority or
inadequacy by taking on the characteristics of someone who is
important to him.

a. Identification
b. Projection Manifest unacceptable feeling/ideas

c. Rationalization Justify their behavior

resulted from unfulfilled ambitions/drives
d. Fantasy
SUBLIMATION – positive/constructive mechanism of defending against unacceptable impulse.
COMPENSATION – concentrating to other areas where they will excel.
DISPLACEMEMT – strong emotion (anger) instead of focusing to object cause by emotion. Ans: A
15. A person can be said to be normal and well-adjusted
person when he/she exhibits the following, except:

a.Not being hurt

b.Free expression of personality
c.Efficient contact with reality
d.Adequate security feelings
Adoptability to group norms
Emotional maturity
Adequate self-knowledge
Integrated and consistent personality
16. The condition that refers to any persistent limitation or
disturbance in adjustment which acts as barrier to the
individuals' fulfilling a satisfying role in society.

a. Behavioral Disorder
b. Physiological Disorder
c. Psychological Disorder
d. Neurological Disorder
Ans: A
17. The distinguishing feature of a person having this kind of
disorder is when showing anxiety, fear and endless troubles,
they also shows maladaptive behavior.

a. Neurotic Behavior
b. Psychotic Behavior
c. Psychosomatic Disorder
d. Personality Disorder
Ans: A
18. People with this type of personality disorder easily gets excited and
possess an emotional instability characterized by a capacity to
overreact.

a. Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder Reacts with frustration and extreme anger.

b. Paranoid Personality Disorder Hypersensitivity unwarranted suspicion

c. Compulsive Personality Disorder Rigid and impossible to change their minds

d. Hysterical Personality Disorder

Ans: D
19. A sexual act that seeks gratification by means other than
heterosexual relationship.

a.Sexual Deviancy
b.Heterosexuality
c.Homosexuality
d.Sexual Malpractice

Ans: A
20. Anyone who sexually gratified by enduring pain upon themselves.

a.Sadism
b.Masochism
c.Fetishism
d.Voyeurism

Transvestitism
Incest
Pedophilia
Bestiality
Necrophilia
Ans: B
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
KEEP THE NEURONS FIRING
DOUBLE THIS
DOUBLE THAT
DOUBLE DOUBLE THIS THIS
DOUBLE DOUBLE THAT THAT
DOUBLE THIS
DOUBLE THAT
DOUBLE THIS THAT
1. The process of removing of status offenders from the
jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.

a.Diversification
b.Decriminalization
c.Deinstitutionalization
d.Diversion Movement

Ans: B
2. The doctrine that a community or a society of people can
be deterred from committing a criminal act after having
witnessed the punishment of an individual or individuals for
having committed that act.

a.General Deterrence
b.Perceptual Deterrence
c.Absolute Deterrence
d.Deterrent Effect Ans: A
3. This theory believes that criminal activity is the result of a
defective, deviant, or inadequate character.

a.Psychological
b.Biological
c.Psychoanalytic
d.Personality

Ans: D
4. This occurs at the beginning of the phallic stage (around
ages 3 to 6) in which a girl develops a desire to possess her
father and a hatred and fear of her mother.

a.Electra
b.Oedipus
c.Id
d.Ego
Ans: A
5. A situation in which any young person whose conduct is
characterized by antisocial behavior that is beyond parental
control and subject to legal action.

a. Juvenile Delinquency
b. Delinquency
c. Juvenile
d. Status Offense
Ans: A
6. This is the status of a child in relation to his parents.

a.Filiation
b.Maternity
c.Paternity
d.Foundling

Ans: A
7. Children who become delinquent due to their association
with people in the society whom they learned deviant.

a.Neurotic Result of distortion in their personality & perception.

b.Psychotic With severe personality disorder

c.Sociopath With egocentric personality

d.Social
ACCIDENTAL Ans: D
8. This approach explains that due to miscarriage of the child
and faulty upbringing, a child became delinquent.

a.Biogenic
b.Psychogenic Personality Problem

c.Sociogenic Influence of social structure

d.Developmental

Ans: A
FAMILY – most basic institution in our society and
cradle of human personality

a.Conjugal
b.Nuclear
c.Extended
CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

1.Family Background
2.Lack of Parental Guidance
3.Parental Rejection
4.Broken Family
5.Migration
6.Single Parenthood
FACTORS CONTRIBUTORY TO DELINQUENCY OF A CHILD
1. Poverty (family)
2. Environment
3. Mass Media
4. Religion
5. School
6. Peers and Companions
9. An alternative child appropriate process of determining the
responsibility and treatment of a child in conflict with the law.

a.Diversion
b.Intervention Series of activities to address issues.

c.Rehabilitation
d.Detention
Ans: A
10. A 24 hour child-caring institution managed by accredited
LGU and NGO providing short-term residential care for
children in conflict with the law who are awaiting court
disposition of their cases or transfer to other agencies.

a.Youth Detention Home

b.Youth Rehabilitation Center Provides treatment & rehabilitation.

c.Community Based Program

d.Day Care Center
Ans: A
11. A child who is vulnerable to and at risk of committing
criminal offenses because of personal, family and social
circumstances.

a. Child at risk
b. Children in Conflict with the Law
c. Youthful Offender
d. Abused Child
Ans: A
 RIGHTS OF CHILD (under Civil Code)
1.The right to be born well, with the dignity and worth of a
human being from the moment of his conception.
2.The right of a wholesome family life that will provide him
with love, care and understanding, guidance and counseling
and moral and material security.
3.The right to a well rounded development of his personality,
to the end may become happy, useful and active member of
society.
12. This refers to the sum total of the rights which the law granted to
the parents over the person and property of their children while they
are minors and unemancipated to facilitate compliance with their
duties of support and education, which are incumbent upon them.

a.Joint Parental Authority exercise by the father and mother

b.Parental Authority Patria Potestas

c.Parental Responsibility Sum total of the duties & obligations of parents

d.Parental Capacity Loco Parentis

Ans: A
13. A child who is without parent, guardian or custodian, reliant upon
the public for support.

a.Adopted Child The status of legitimacy is by judicial act.

b.Abandoned Child Parent and guardians deserted at least 6 months.

c.Neglected Child Basic needs are deliberately unattended or inadequately
attended.
d.Dependent Child

Ans: D
14. A youth welfare services that is family type home proving shelter
for 10 – 20 days who shall be under observation and study for eventual
placement to the DSWD.

a.Shelter Care Provides temporary protection.

b.Detention Home 24 hour resident care for youth offenders.

c.Receiving Home
d.Rehabilitation Center
Child Care Institution
Nursery Ans: C
15. This theory blames the causes of juvenile delinquency on
the imbalance of power within the human society.

a. Critical Theory
b. Frustration – Aggression Theory
c. Gang Theory
d. Sub Culture Theory
Ans: C
The lower class-culture revolved around six
focal concerns:
• Trouble
• Toughness
• Smartness
• Excitements
• Fate
• Autonomy
1. ALBERT COHEN - According to Cohen, school is the source of the
frustration. Teachers use a “middle class measuring rod” to judge the
behavior of all children, because they are usually middle class in
background or orientation.

2. IVAN NYE. He focuses on the family. He noted that in their

early years, children have no concept of right or wrong and
therefore break rules quite often.

3. TRAVIS HIRSCHI – social bond

a. Attachment - It refers to the extent that a person cares about other people via
norms and conscience.
b. Commitment - it is a more rational quality, referring to the degree of one’s
investment in conventional activities.
c. Involvement - it refers to the time spent in conventional activities.
d. Belief - It constitutes the acknowledgement of society’s rules as being fair.
4. Frank Tannenbaum - According to Tannenbaum, name calling and
stereotyping lead a child to isolate himself or herself from the rest of
the community and to associate with the other youths who have been
tagged with the same level.

5. George Vold – Conflicting Group Theory. Vold believed that people

were drawn to groups by common interest.

6. Austin Turk –Theory of Criminalization. criminality is essentially a

status that is conferred or ascribed by persons in authority to
individuals who engage in a particular set of behaviors.
7. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels - Social Class Conflict
Theory. Every society is determined by its particular mode of
economic production. Economic production in a society
largely determined the character of that society.

8. William Bonger – Capitalism Theory. Society as divided into

two classes: Ruling class and Ruled class.
16. In this doctrine the mother shall take custody of the child
after divorce or separation

A. Tender Years Doctrine

B. Child Options Doctrine
C. Mother based Doctrine
D. After Divorce Doctrine
Ans: A
17. This refers to the absence of a parent without justification
depriving the child of care and time he deserves

A. Abuse
B. Abandonment
C. Neglect
D. Child abuse
Ans: B
18. This theory suggest that females and males are becoming
equal in society in terms of family, politics, and education

A. Feminist Theory
B. Paternalism
C. Liberation Theory
D. Life Course Theory
Ans: C
20. The doctrine of Parens Patraie is an emergence of the

A. Kent vs. US
B. De Shaney vs. Winnebago County
C. Prince vs. Massachusetts
D. None of these

Ans: C
21. This rule provides that unemancipated children are
prevented from suing their parents.

A. Family Purpose Doctrine

B. Family Immunity Doctrine
C. In Loco parentis
D. In re Gault
Ans: B
22. This legal doctrine provides that the custody of the child
should be given to the parent whom he is most attached to

A. Psychological Parent Doctrine

B. Doctrine of Parens Patriae
C. Child Preference Theory
D. Rule of Sixteen
Ans: A
23. The age of majority in the Philippines

A. 16
B. 17
C. 18
D. 21
Ans: C
24. This theory suggest that stability and changes in criminal
and deviant behavior through time and different stages in life.

A. Self Derogation Theory

B. Anomie Theory
C. Life Course Theory
D. Routine Activities Theory
Ans: C
25. This theory believes that society is divided into two groups
with competing values the upper class and lower class.

A. Class Theory
B. Differential Opportunity
C. Conflict Theory
D. Consensus Theory
Ans: B
CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATES
Section 12, Article 2 of 1987 Constitution
a.Recognizing the sanctity of the family life and
protecting and strengthening the family as a basic
autonomous social institution;
b.Equally protecting the life of the mother and the
unborn from conception; and
c.Recognizing the rights and duty of parents in rearing
the youth.
Article 5 – Commencement of Civil Personality. The civil
personality of the child shall commence from the time of his
conception for all purposes favorable to him, subject to the
requirements of Art 41 of the Civil Code.

Section 13. Recognizing the vital role of the youth in nation-

building

Article 15. Recognizing the Filipino family as the foundation of

the nation.
PD 603 – Child and Youth Welfare Code

- approved on Dec. 10, 1974 by

Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos
- Took effect on June 10, 1975.
- The Code shall apply to all persons below 18
years of age, as amended by RA 6809 (An Act
Lowering the Age of Majority from 21 to 18).
RA 7610 – Special Protection of Children Against
Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act.
Enacted o June 17, 1992.

Children – refers to persons below the age of 18 years

or those but are fully take care of themselves or
protect themselves from abuse, cruelty, neglect,
exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or
mental condition.
CHILD ABUSE – refers to the maltreatment, whether habitual or not, of
the child which includes any of the following:

a.Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse and

emotional maltreatment;
b.Any act of deeds or words which debases, degrades or demeans the
intrinsic worth and dignity of the child as human being;
c.Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival, such as food
and shelter, or
d.Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child
resulting in serious impairment of his growth and development or in
his permanent incapacity or death.
CHILD TRAFFICKING – the act of trading and dealing with children
including, but not limited to the act of buying and selling of a child for
money, or for other consideration, or barter.

WORKING CHILDREN - Children below fifteen (15) years of age may be

employed. Provided, that the following minimum requirements are
present:

1.The employer shall secure for the child a work permit from the DOLE.
2.The employer shall ensure the protection, health, safety and morals
of the child.
3.The employer shall institute to prevent exploitation or discrimination
taking into account the system and level of remuneration, and the
duration and arrangement of working time, and
4.The employer shall formulate and implement a continuous program
for training and skill acquisition of the child.
RA 9344 – An Act Establishing A Comprehensive
Juvenile Justice and Welfare System
• Salient Provision of the Law:

1. The term “Youth Offender is replaced to “Children in

Conflict with the Law.
2. Child at Risk – vulnerable to committing criminal offenses.
3. A child 15 years or under at the time of the commission of
the offense shall be exempted from criminal liability,
However, he/she shall be subjected to an intervention
program pursuant to Section 20 of the law.
4. A child over 15 but below 18 shall likewise be exempt from
criminal liability and be subjected to intervention program
unless he acted with discernment in which case he shall be
subjected to diversion program under Section 23 of the law.

5. RA 9344 has modified the provision of Article 68 of the RPC

for the youth 15 years under is no longer entitled to 2 degrees
reduction of penalty but has become absolutely exempted
from criminal liability.
6. Children under 18 are exempted from the following
offenses:
a. Drinking liquor and Violation of Curfew Hours
b. Vagrancy and prostitution under Article 202 of the
RPC
c. Mendicancy under PD1563
d. Sniffing of Rugby under PD 1619
6. Both Article 47 of the RPC and RA 9344 exempt all minors
from death penalty. As minority, 1 degree lower in penalty as
their privilege.

7. Discernment is not related to intent but to intelligence.

8. Amended the Article 192 of PD 603, as amended by AM No.

02-1-18-SC, in that the suspension of sentence shall be
enjoyed by the juvenile even if he is already 18 years of age or
more at the time of the pronouncement of his/her guilt.
9. If the child reached 18 years of age while under
suspended sentence, the court shall determine
whether, To:
a.Discharge the child in accordance with the applicable
provision of RA 9344
b.Order execution of the sentence, or
c.Extend the suspended sentence for a specific period
or until he reaches the maximum age of 21 years of
age.
Acts the Constitute the Violation of RA 9344
1.Any competent authorities who brands or labels children
as young criminals, juvenile delinquents, prostitutes or
attaching to them in any manner any other derogatory
names;
2.Any acts which shall be considered prejudicial and
detrimental to psychological, emotional, social, spiritual ,
moral and physical health and well-being of the child in
conflict with the law;
3.Employment of threats of whatever kind and nature;
4. Employment of abuse, coercive and punitive measures
such as cursing, beating, stripping and solitary confinement;

5. Employment of degrading, inhuman and cruel forms of

punishment;

6. Compelling the child to perform involuntary servitude in

any forms under any and all instances;

7. Any acts in violation of confidentiality of records.

RA 8552 – Domestic and Adoption Act of 1998
RA 8043 – Inter-Country Adoption Act
RA 9231 – An act providing for the elimination of the worst
form of child labor and affording stronger protection for the
working child, amending for the purpose of RA 7610.
General Rule: No Child below 15 years old shall be employed
Exception: works directly under the sole responsibility of the
parents/guardian and where only members of the family are
employed.
RA 9262 – Anti-Violence Against women and their Children Act of 2004

RA 6655 – Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988

RA 6728 – AN Act Providing Assistance to Students and Teachers

RA 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

RA 8370 – Children Television Act of 1997

RA 8044 – Youth in Nation Building Act

RA 9208 – Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003

RA 9288 – New Born Screening Act of 2004

RA 7323 – Special Program for Employment of Students (SPES)

RA 9775 – Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009

RA 9995 – Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009

RA 10028 – Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act of 2009

RA 10157 – Kindergarten Education Act

RA 10364 – Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act 0f 2012

 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
LAW ENFORCEMENT PROSECUTION COURT CORRECTION COMMUNITY
• Enforcement of • Receive • Receive Institutional • Give information
Law complaint information • Accept inmate on the identity
• Criminal • Conduct inquest • Issue warrant or • Observe jail/prison and whereabouts
Investigation • Conduct subpoena. procedure of offender.
• Summon aid of Preliminary • Grant or deny • Classification / • File complaint
SOCO Investigation application of bail Segregation • Observe and
• Effect and serve • File Information • Conduct • Implement understand
arrest and/or • Apply for warrant Preliminary Rehabilitation Program Restorative
search and of arrest/ search Conference, Pre- • Award GCTA Justice System
seizure warrant Trial, Trial and • Release Prisoner • Participate in law
• Refer to barangay • Apply for writ of Promulgate Non-Institutional enforcement
for amicable habeas corpus or Judgment • Conduct PSI, refer to • Accept of Ex-
settlement writ of amparo at • Grant or deny Court convict
• File Complaint etc. motion/probation • Supervise Probationer
• Inquest w/ • Issue mittimus or • Implement Therapeutic
Prosecution commitment Modalities
• Testify in court order. • Uphold Restorative
Justice
1. An inquiry made by the duty prosecutor to determine the legality of
the arrest made, especially those arrest without warrant.

a.Preliminary Investigation
b.Inquest
c.Judicial Proceeding
d.Trial

Ans: B
2. At this stage, during the determination of probable cause or during
the preliminary investigation the person charged of an offense is called
as:

a.Suspect
b.Respondent
c.Accused
d.Convict

Ans: B
3. A process directed to a person requiring him to attend and to testify
at the hearing or the trial of an action or any investigation conducted
under the law.

a.Summon
b.Notice
c.Request
d.Attendance

Ans: A
4. The primary goal of the Criminal Justice System is:

a.Uphold Justice
b.Protect Members of Society
c.Maintain the Rights of Accused
d.Prevent the Commission of Crimes

Ans: B
5. This pillar has the responsibility to participate in law enforcement
activities in reporting crime incident and helping the arrest of
offenders.

a.Law Enforcement
b.Court
c.Prosecution
d.Community

Ans: D
6. What particular law that established the Philippine National Police?

a. RA 8551
b. RA 6975
c. RA 4864
d. RA 9708

Ans: B
RA 8551 – Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,
enacted on February 25, 1998, amending certain provisions of RA 6975

RA 9708 – An act extending the five (5) years the reglementary period for
complying with the minimum educational qualification for appointment to PNP
and adjusting the promotion system thereof, amending for the purpose pertinent
provision of RA 6975 and RA 8551

RA 4864 – Police Act of 1966, enacted on August 8, 1966, created the Police
Commission as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and
professionalization of the local police forces as components, under the Ministry of
National Defense. Transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to
the Ministry of National Defense.
7. 16. The act providing for the organization and government of the
Insular Constabulary, wherein, it was established on August 8, 1901,
first headed by Capt. Henry Allen.

a. Act 175
b. PD 765
c. Act 183
d. Act 70

Ans: A
ACT 70 – law creating the Metropolitan Police Force of
Manila on January 9, 1901.

ACT 183 – created the Manila Police Department on July 13,

1901, where CAPT GEORY CURRY was the first chief,

PD 765 – Integration Act of 1975. enacted on August 8,

1975. establish the Integrated National Police (INP)
composed of Philippine Constabulary.
8. Among the following, who was the first chief of the Philippine
National Police?

a. BGen. Rafael Crame

b. Col. Lamberto Javalera
c. P/Dir. Gen. Cesar Nazareno
d. Col. Antonio Torres

Ans: C
BGEN RAFAEL CRAME – first Chief of Philippine Constabulary on December 17,
1917.

COL ANTONIO TORRES – first Filipino Chief of Police of Manila Police Department in
1935.

COL. LAMBERTO JAVALERA – first Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department
after the Philippine Independence from the USA in 1946.
9. All PNP members must have the moral courage to sacrifice
self-interest in keeping with the time-honored principle of
________.

a.Delicadeza
b.Courage
c.Esprit de’ Corps
d.Attention
Ans: A
10. Republic act No. 8551 provides for the reorganization of the
Philippine National Police. Which of the following is NOT a guiding
policy in the preparation of their organization plan?

a.Enhancement of community and service orientation of the police

b.Maintenance of the civilian and national police force
c.Attainment of efficiency and effectiveness
d.Adoption of military command structure

Ans: D
11. The principal law agency of government that serves as the
government’s legal counsel and prosecution arm, administer the
criminal justice system in accordance with the accepted processes.

a.Supreme Court
b.Philippine National Police
c.Department of Justice
d.Philippine Congress

Ans: C
12. This is empowered to investigate and prosecute all crimes
described by the Revised Penal Code.

a.Public Attorneys Office

b.Solicitor General
c.National Prosecution Services
d.Ombudsman

Ans: C
13. The National Prosecution Service is headed by ___________
pursuant to Republic Act 10071 otherwise known as Prosecution
Service Act of 2010.

a. Prosecutor General
b. Chief State Prosecutor
c. Commissioner
d. Director

Ans: A.
14. The prosecution has the following functions, except:

a.Evaluate police findings referred to them.

b.File corresponding criminal complaints or information.
c.Prosecute all alleged offenders in court of the Philippines.
d.Prosecute on its own or on complaint any act or omission of any public officer or
employee.

Ans: D
15. The entity in the government organized for proper administration
of justice at the time and place prescribed by law.

a.Supreme Court
b.Court
c.Congress
d.Department of Justice

Ans: B
16. All are considered as appellate court, except:

a.Supreme Court
b.Court of Appeal
c.Regional Trial Court
d.Municipal Trial Court in Cities

Ans: D
Hierarchy of Courts

Supreme Court

Court of Appeals Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals

Regional Trial Court Shari’a District Court

MTC, MeTC, MTCC,MCTC Shari’a Circuit Court

OFFICERS OF COURT

1.Judge – Justice of the Peace

2.Clerk of Court
3.Administrative Officer
4.Interpreter
5.Stenographer - transcriber
6.Process Server
7.Clerk Typist
17. The power of the court to hear, try and decide a case.

a.Venue
b.Jurisdiction
c.Arraignment
d.Trial

Ans: B
Types of Court Jurisdiction
1.General – when the court is empowered to decide all disputes that may come
before it except those assigned to other courts.

2.Limited – when the court authority to hear and determine only a few specified
case.

3.Original – when it can try and decide a case presented for the first time.

4.Appellate – when it can try a case already hear and decided at the lower court
removed from the latter by the appeal.

5.Exclusive – when it can try and decide a case that cannot be presented to any
other court.
6. Concurrent – when any of two or more courts may take cognizance
of a case.

7. Criminal – jurisdiction to try case where is there is punishment or

penalty provided by the law.

8. Civil – the jurisdiction that exists when the matter is not criminal
nature.

9. Territorial – the jurisdiction that exist basing on the place of

commission of the offense.
18. A defendant’s pleading guilty to a criminal charge with
reasonable expectation of receiving some consideration from
the state for doing so, usually a reduction of the charge.

a. Commutation of the sentence

b. Negotiation
c. Plea bargaining
d. Arraignment
Ans: D
19. This system provided escape from sever punishment to those
members of ministry by subjecting them to the justification of
ecclesiastical courts.

a.Holy Inquisition
b.Benefits of Clergy
c.Justice System
d.Security System

Ans: B
20. Refers to the reorientation or re-instruction of the criminal offender
to prevent him/her from repeating his deviant or delinquent actions.

a.Detention
b.Imprisonment
c.Correction
d.Punishment

Ans: C
Detention – the condition of being restrained, confined or under custody,
which is usually temporary.

Punishment – the penalty imposed for the transgression of law. To inflict

deserved suffering on evil doers and prevent crime.

Imprisonment – the state or condition of being considered, restrained, or

incarcerated in confined room or building.

1.Ensure the presence of the accused during trial.

2.Administer punishment by confinement or incarceration
3.Secure the society from being molested by undesirable characters.
21. A long, long, narrow, single-decked ship propelled by sails and oars,
rowed by criminals, used in the 16th Century by the Venetians and
Genoese.

a.Galleys
b.Gaols Jails operated by English Sheriffs

c.Hulks Former warship used to house prisoners

d.Bridewell

Ans: A
PENOLOGY – from latin word “poena”
- Penal Science

Jail – a place for locking-up persons who are charged or convicted of minor
offenses or felonies, or confining a person who are waiting trial.

Penitentiary – from the Latin word “penetentia” coined by John Howard. A

place of long term confinement and correction of those convicted of serious
crimes.

Prison – synonymous to Penitentiary

22. The principle of “an eye to eye and a tooth for tooth” can be
gleaned on:

a.Law of Vengeance
Lex Taliones
b.Law of Punishment
c.Law of the Jungle
d.Law of Necessity

Ans: A
23. Flogging is the most popular method f corporal
punishment in the 18th century, which means:

a.Beheading
b.Whipping
c.Musketry
d.Burning

Ans: B
24. During this period corporal punishment, banishment and physical
disfigurement were replaced with imprisonment.

a. Age of Reformation
b. Age of Rehabilitation Apply therapy to heal criminal personality.

c. Age of Reintegration Society and Offender became “patient”

d. Age of Darkness

Ans: A
25. PORT Program which was established in Minnesota, pertains to:

a.Probationer and Offender Rehabilitation and Training

b.Prisoner or Offender Rehabilitation and Training
c.Prison Officer Rehabilitation Training
d.Prisoner Offender Rehabilitation and Training

Ans: A
26. These are persons who influence others to support correctional
institutions and their programs. They are bidding for legislative
support.

a.Correctional Volunteers
b.Social Persuaders
c.Gatekeepers
d.Inmates

Ans: A
27. The following are forms of early punishment, except:

a. Death
b. Compensation
c. Social Degradation
d. Transportation

Ans: D
28. An ancient form of punishment which is practice by sending or
putting away a criminal.

a.Banishment
b.Burning
c.Compensation
d.Public Humiliation

Ans: A
29. A natural and social institution founded on the conjugal union,
binding together the individuals composing it.

a.Government
b.Family
c.School
d.Church

Ans: B
30. The political subdivision of a nation or state which is constituted by
law and has substantial control of local affairs.

a.Non-governmental organization
b.National Government
c.Regional Government
d.Local Government

Ans: D
 POLICE ETHICS AND VALUES
1. The standard of conduct and moral requirements
necessary to function effectively within an organization.

a. Values
b. Ethics
c. Courtesy
d. Moral

Ans: B
2. Whenever the COP is not around, the DCOP is left for the day-to-day
management of the operations of the department or station. In this
statement, management is synonymous to?

a. Headship
b. Stewardship
c. Authorship
d. Archonship In Athens, presiding officer

Ans: B
3. Police moral courage to sacrifice self-interest pertains to?

a. Self sacrifice
b. Dominion Believing in Supreme Authority

c. Delicadeza
d. Humility

Ans: C
3. In totality, whenever a police officer adheres and manifests loyalty to
the constitution, country, people and the duly constituted authority.
Therefore, he/she has commitment to:

a. Government
b. Democracy
c. Leadership
d. Authority

Ans: B
4. Whenever a police practices and observes safeguarding of classified
information against unauthorized disclosure. This pertains to:

a. Obedience to lawful order

b. Observance of secrecy
c. Respect to authority
d. Protection of classified documents

Ans: B
5. SPO2 Dalisay, in order for him to promote to the next higher rank he
counted his godfather’s help who is a Governor of their Province. What
does SPO2 Dalisay manifested?

a. Political accommodation
b. Political assistance
c. Solicitation of Political Patronage
d. Political referral

Ans: C
6. The duty of the leader for the effective supervision and control of
their personnel, pertains to?

a. Unity of command
b. Command responsibility
c. Chain of command
d. Command and control

Ans: B
7. SPO2 Dalisay, aside from being a good father to his children and
faithful to her wife Aaliyah, perform his police duties with dedication
and never engaged in any conflict with his duties as public servant. This
manifested that SPO2 Dalisay is:

a. Loyal
b. Disciplined
c. Devoted
d. Moral
Ans: C
8. SPO2 Dalisay disallow himself to be victim of corruption and
dishonest practices such as accepting jueteng pay-off, non declaration
of SALN and acceptance of gratuities. With this, the former can judged
as Police Officer with ______.

a. Morality
b. Integrity
c. Humility
d. Loyalty
Ans: B
9. Whenever SPO2 Dalisay attended meetings and functions, he always
observed proper practices and actuations which includes conversation,
dressing and posture.

a. Etiquette
b. Values
c. Courtesy
d. Discipline

Ans: A
10. SPO2 Dalisay, when promoted to next higher rank last December
2016, reported to his superior immediately for show courtesy. This
practice of a PNP member is

a. Christmas Call
b. New Year’s Call
c. Exit Call
d. Promotion Call

Ans: D
11. SPO2 Dalisay who is a member of SAF Commandoes, operated to
extricate the Pulang Araw Movement. When General Borja learned that
the team was vanished, the DIDG raised the flag at half-mask. This is a
part of police _______.

a. Operation
b. Custom
c. Practice
d. Belief
Ans: B
12. Nationalism is synonymous to:

a. Love of country
b. Patriotism
c. Loyalty
d. Dedication

Ans: B
13. The term used to denote the giving of the money or favor and
acceptance of any public to perform his/her functions.

a. Pasasalamat
b. Pabagsak
c. Padulas
d. None of the above

Ans: B
14. PO2 Madlang-awa manifest lack of adequate ability and fitness for
the satisfactory performance of police duties. Therefore he is,

a. Dishonest
b. Incompetent
c. Unqualified
d. Lazy

Ans: B
15. PO2 Madlang-awa , due to alcoholic hang-over he experience, did
not perform his duty of patrolling the beat assigned to him. The act of
the latter manifest:

a. Irregularities in the performance of duty

b. Neglect of duty
c. Misconduct
d. Incompetency

Ans: B
16. PO2 Madlang-awa, before the acceptance of his recognition, shall
left his for the office with the purpose not to function the officer
effectively. He is liable for

a. AWOL
b. Abandonment of position or office
c. Absenteeism
d. Non of the above

Ans: B
17. Sarro Madlang-awa, who is a farmer later became a police officer,
jailed Romeo without legal grounds and failed to file appropriate
charges on time. The former’s act is tantamount to:

a. Illegal detention
b. Arbitrary detention
c. Delay in the delivery
d. Delay in the release

Ans: B
18. Sarro Madlang-awa, who is a farmer later became a police officer,
without any written order, searched the house of Mrs. Malou Huang for
papers or other effects without the previous consent of the latter.
The act of Madlang-awa is:

a. Illegal Logging
b. Violation of Domicile
c. Trespass to dwelling
d. Trespassing
Ans: B
19. Robert Peel, being the father of modern policing system identified
the soundest among all criminological philosophies and this is the
principle of;
A. law enforcement
B. order and maintenance
C. preventive enforcement
D. protection of life and properties

Ans: C
20. The PNP shall enforce the law, prevent and control crimes,
maintain peace and order, and ensure public safety and
internal security with the active support of the community.
This is the PNP:
A. Goal C. Vision
B. Objective D. Mission

Ans: D
CRIMINOLOGICAL PROBLEM
Research (recherché – MF)
VARIABLE
Statistics (COAIPD)

TYPES •QUALITATIVE •QUANTITATIVE

• • Descriptive
• Basic Case Study
• Phenomenological • Comparative
• Applied • Historical • Experimental
• Quasi-experimental
• Action • Ethnography
•Empirical
•Logical
•Analytical
•Critical
•Cyclical
•Replicability
• Title
• Background of the Study
• SOPH
• Research Paradigm (IPO or DIM)
• Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
• Research
• Design and Methodology
• Population and Locale
• Data Gathering Tools
• Data Gathering Procedure
• Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data
• Conclusion
• Recommendation
WHY EXAMINEES FAILED THE CLE?
1. Poor reading comprehension and
analysis.
2. Not prepared or too confident.
3. Not following instructions.
4. Don’t know the mechanics and coverage
of the examination.
5. Don’t know how to answer systematically.

POOR EDUCATIONAL
FOUNDATION
1. QUESTION or STEM WIDELY USED EXAMINATION
a. Events TO ASSESS:
b. Facts
c. Persons
a.Knowledge of Subject
d. Procedures Matter
b.Reading Comprehension
2. CHOICES or OPTIONS Abilities
a. Key Answer c.Practical Applications
b. Distracters
 IN ANSWERING;
EXAMINEE MUST KNOW ABOUT

TERMINOLOGY
(Expresses a concept and definite)

KEYWORD
(A significant word/phrase)
THEREFORE,
EXAMINEE NEEDS:
Science of CORRECT THINKING

1. Read COMPREHENSIVELY 1. APPREHENSION

and ANAYZE the STEM.

2. CORRELATE the STEM & 2. REASONING

CHOICES.

3. Choose BEST or NEAREST 3. JUDGEMENT

ANSWER.
WHAT DOES SUCCESS MANIFEST?

POWER+GLORY
"energy for work" “thanksgiving"

GODYSON
G aling
B oy
D itirminasyon
 AND

G odyson
B orja
D olfo