drop table employee;

create table employee

(
emp_id varchar(20),
emp_name varchar(50),
salary int,
dept_id varchar(20),
manager_id varchar(20)
);
insert into employee values
('E1', 'Rahul', 15000, 'D1', 'M1'),
('E2', 'Manoj', 15000, 'D1', 'M1'),
('E3', 'James', 55000, 'D2', 'M2'),
('E4', 'Michael', 25000, 'D2', 'M2'),
('E5', 'Ali', 20000, 'D10', 'M3'),
('E6', 'Robin', 35000, 'D10', 'M3');

insert into employee values

('M1', 'Prem', 115000, 'D3', 'M4'),
('M2', 'Shripadh', 125000, 'D4', 'M4'),
('M3', 'Nick', 150000, 'D1', 'M4'),
('M4', 'Cory', 220000, 'D1', '');

drop table department;

create table department
(
dept_id varchar(20),
dept_name varchar(50)
);
insert into department values
('D1', 'IT'),
('D2', 'HR'),
('D3', 'Finance'),
('D4', 'Admin');

drop table company;

create table company
(
company_id varchar(10),
company_name varchar(50),
location varchar(20)
);
insert into company values
('C001', 'techTFQ Solutions', 'Kuala Lumpur');

insert into company values

('C002', 'techTFQ Media Group', 'Singapore');

DROP TABLE family;

CREATE TABLE family
(
member_id VARCHAR(10),
name VARCHAR(50),
age INT,
parent_id VARCHAR(10)
);
insert into family values
('F1', 'David', 4, 'F5'),
 ('F2', 'Carol', 10, 'F5'),
('F3', 'Michael', 12, 'F5'),
('F4', 'Johnson', 36, ''),
('F5', 'Maryam', 40, 'F6'),
('F6', 'Stewart', 70, ''),
('F7', 'Rohan', 6, 'F4'),
('F8', 'Asha', 8, 'F4');

select * from employee; -- D1, D2, D10

select * from department; -- D1, D2, D3, D4
select * from company;

-- INNER JOIN can also be represented as "JOIN"

-- INNER Join = Fetches only matching records in both tables based on the JOIN
condition.
-- Write a query to fetch the employee name and their corresponding department
name.
SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name
FROM employee e
INNER JOIN department d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;

-- LEFT JOIN can also be represented as "LEFT OUTER JOIN"

-- LEFT Join = INNER Join + all remaining records from Left Table (returns null
value for any columns fetched from right table)
-- Write a query to fetch ALL the employee name and their corresponding department
name.
SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name
FROM employee e
LEFT JOIN department d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;

-- RIGHT JOIN can also be represented as "RIGHT OUTER JOIN"

-- RIGHT Join = INNER Join + all remaining records from Right Table (returns null
value for any columns fetched from left table)
-- Write a query to fetch ALL the department and the employees under these
departments.
SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name
FROM employee e
RIGHT JOIN department d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;

-- FULL JOIN can also be represented as "FULL OUTER JOIN"

-- FULL Join = INNER Join
-- + all remaining records from Left Table (returns null value for any
columns fetched from right table)
-- + all remaining records from Right Table (returns null value for
any columns fetched from left table)
-- Write a query to fetch the employee name and their corresponding department
name.
-- Make sure to include all the employees and the departments.
SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name
FROM employee e
FULL JOIN department d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;

-- CROSS JOIN
-- CROSS JOIN returns cartesian product.
-- Meaning it will match every record from the left table with every record from
the right table hence it will return records from both table.
-- No join condition is required to be specified.
SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name
FROM employee e
CROSS JOIN department d;

-- Write a query to fetch the employee name and their corresponding department
name.
-- Also make sure to display the company name and the company location
correspodning to each employee.

-- NATURAL JOIN - SQL will naturally choose the column on which join should happen
based on the column name.
-- Natural join will perform inner join operation if there are columns with same
name in both table. If there are more than 1 column with same name then join will
happen based on all these columns.
-- If there are no columns with same name in both table then it performs cross join
-- If you specify * in select list then it displays the join columns in the
beginning and does not repeat it.
-- No join condition is required to be specified.
SELECT *
FROM employee e
NATURAL JOIN department d;

-- Altering the dept_id column name to see how Natural Join acts when there are no
common column names in both tables.
--alter table department rename column dept_id to department_id
--alter table department rename column department_id to dept_id;

-- SELF JOIN - When you join a table to itself, this is called as SELF Join.
-- There is no keyword like SELF JOIN but we just use the regular JOIN keyword to
make the self join.
-- Write a query to fetch the child name and their age correspodning to their
parent name and parent age.
select child.name as child_name
, child.age as child_age
, parent.name as parent_name
, parent.age as parent_age
from family as child
join family as parent on parent.member_id = child.parent_id;

select child.name as child_name

, child.age as child_age
, parent.name as parent_name
, parent.age as parent_age
from family as child
left join family as parent on parent.member_id = child.parent_id;

-- ANSI JOIN - Uses the JOIN clause and mentions join condition under the ON clause
and filter conditions in the WHERE clause.
SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name
FROM employee e
JOIN department d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id
WHERE e.salary > 15000;

SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name

FROM employee e
LEFT JOIN department d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id
WHERE e.salary > 15000;

-- Non ANSI JOIN - Uses comma to seperate multiple tables and then use WHERE clause
to mention both the join and filter conditions.
SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name
FROM employee e
, department d
WHERE e.salary > 15000
AND e.dept_id = d.dept_id;

SELECT e.emp_name, d.dept_name

FROM employee e
, department d
WHERE e.salary > 15000
AND e.dept_id = d.dept_id (+); -- This is unsupported in PostgreSQL but works in
Oracle. Other RDBMS may have alternative symbols to performs same thing.