BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI- K. K.

BIRLA GOA
CAMPUS
Second Semester 2018-2019
Tutorial Sheet - 7

Course No. MATH F113 Course title: Probability and Statisitcs

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1. An engine contains 5 seals that operate independently. If 3 or more seals fail, then the engine
will fail. It is thought that when the temperature drops below 0o F each seal has a 10%
chance of failure. Use random numbers (text book-table III) to simulate the performance of
10 such engines under 0o conditions. Use the 10 simulations to estimate the average number
of seals that will fail per engine. Compare the estimate with theoretical mean.

2. Use inverse transformation method to find a formula for generating values of X, if

(a) X follows exponential distribution.
(b) X is uniformly distributed over (a, b).
(c) X has following density 
1
(
3,
 0≤x≤1
|x|, |x| < 1
(i) f (x) = (ii) f (x) = 23 , 1<x≤2
0, elsewhere 
0, elsewhere


3. Suppose that at a particular airport planes arrive at an average rate of one per minute and
depart at same average rate. Simulate the behavior of the random variable X, the number of
planes on ground at a given time. Simulate X for 5 consecutive 1 minute period. Assume
that there was 100 planes on ground initially.

4. A satellite has malfunctioned and is expected to re-enter the earths atmosphere sometime
during a 4 hour period. Let X denote the time of re-entering. Assume that X is uniformly
distributed over the interval [0, 4]. Simulate 10 observations on X. Given random numbers
are 942,1036,711,5108,236,101,5216,705,4866,5416.

5. Buses arrive at a sporting event according to a Poisson process with a rate 5 per hour. Each
bus is equally likely to contain either 20; 21; 22; 23 fans, with the numbers in the different
buses being independent. Using random numbers 0.92,0.20,0.80, simulate the arrival of fans
to the event by time t = 0.1 hours.

6. One thousand independent rolls of a fair die will be made. If number 6 appears exactly 200
times, find the approximate probability that number 5 will appear less than 150 times.

7. A company 0 A0 plans to supply raw material to company 0 B 0 on a daily basis according to a

Poisson process at the rate of 1 unit/day. Each day company 0 B 0 is supposed to run a quality
testing process before accepting the supplied raw material from 0 A0 . If the acceptance of each
unit of supplied material is independent with probability 0.8, using random numbers 0.20,
0.75 and 0.66 exactly once in the given order, simulate the number of units accepted in the
first and the second day.
 8. If X is the number scored in a throw of a fair die. Using Chebyshev’s inequality, show that
P [|X − µ| ≥ 2.5] < 0.47, where µ is the mean of X. Compare this with the actual probability.

9. The safety record of an industrial plant is measured in terms of M , total staffing hours
worked without a serious accident. Past experience indicates that M has a mean of 2 million
with a standard deviation 0.1 million. A serious accident has just occurred. Would it be
unusual for the next serious accident to occur with in the next 1.6 million staffing hours ?

10. In one out of 6 cases. material for bullet proof jackets fail to meet puncture standards, 405
specimen are tested, what does Chebyshev’s theorem tell us about the probability of getting
atmost 29 or more than 105 cases that do not meet puncture standards.

11. For geometric distribution f (x) = 2−x , x = 1, 2, · · · , prove that Chebychev’s inequality gives
P [|X − 2| ≤ 2] > 21 , while the actual probability is 15
16
.

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