R&S ROMES measurement Software

with R&S TSME scanner

quick guide

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How-to
Install ROMES4

ROMES manual 2
Starting Installation

1: Insert DVD, or doubleclick file start.hta

2: click Software
3: click Install ROMES, NPA and …
4: click Next

ROMES manual 3
License Agreement and components

1 2

1: accept the license agreement

2: click Next

ROMES manual 4
Program installation folder

1 1: click Install
2: click OK
3: close the browser window that opens
automatically. You don‘g need to install NetMon
unless for IP tracing

ROMES manual 5
Licensing

3
1

1: click No
2: click No
3: click No

ROMES manual 6
Finishing

1 2

1: click Next
2: click Finish

ROMES manual 7
Start Menu

ı You now have three new programs in Windows Start Menu – Rohde & Schwarz:
 ROMES measurement and replay:

 Network Problem analyzer NPA:

ROMES manual 8
Firewall

ı When starting ROMES for the first time, allow all three network types:

ı Then close and restart ROMES

ROMES manual 9
How to
understand ROMES architecture

ROMES manual 10
 ROMES architecture
Measure Analyze View Results

Measurement HW configuration: what to Technology Filter - TEC

measure, channel lists, MIMO, DLAA, … Sorting of cells, filtering for
channel/provider, first analysis,
hiding unwanted details
Signal Tree values can be used in map and „basic“ views: 2G, table,
All measurement results statistics

Analyzed results

replay

Pre-defined views e.g. TopN, BCH view, MIMO, subband, CIR

meas.
File
*.rscmd

ROMES manual 11
Measurement vs Recording
ı Measurement: collect and view data
from the measurement device (e.g.
scanner) without writing a measurement
file
ı Recording: collect and view data from the
measurement device (e.g. scanner) and write a
measurement file

No file written!

meas.
File
*.rscmd

ı Start measurement with F5 ı Start recording with F6 (also during measurement)

ROMES manual 12
How-to
use the ROMES map for the first time

ROMES manual 13
Opening a map

ı A view area with a Map route track view is automatically opened, when a GPS is loaded
ı To do this manually create a new View Area and name it Navigation:
Result:

2
1

1: click Create new View Area….

2: enter name of new view area

ROMES manual 14
Opening a map

Result:

1: click ROMESMAP Route Track view

ROMES manual 15
Loading Open Street Map

1 3

1: Select OpenstreeMap
2: check this is set to online, so maps can be downloaded
3: if you use a proxy, edit the proxy configuration in this menue

ROMES manual 16
 Plotting a value on the map 1/3
2

1 1: click Signal Tree

2: pin the signal, so it does not close automatically
3: click on + to expand the signal tree to the wanted
value (here: LTE mobile, serving cell values)

ROMES manual 17
Plotting a value on the map 2/3

1: select values and drag-and-drop the value

from the signal tree into the map
(select multiple signal by holding Ctrl key)
2: in replay perform a file rescan, to see value
on the map

ROMES manual 18
Plotting a value on the map 3/3
2 1

1: select device from which to show a value

2: select value to show on map

ROMES manual 19
How-to
use the ROMES views with signal values

ROMES manual 20
Opening a view area to place custom basic views

Result:

2
1

1: click Create new View Area….

2: enter name of new view area

ROMES manual 21
 Open the signal tree
2

1 1: click Signal Tree

2: pin the signal, so it does not close automatically
3: click on + to expand the signal tree to the wanted
value (here: LTE mobile, serving cell values)

ROMES manual 22
Alphanumeric View

1: select values and drag and drop the value from the signal tree into the
alphanumeric view
(select multiple signals by holding Ctrl key)
2: new alphanumeric view opens
3: to change displayed signals later, right-click into view and select Configure

2
1a

3
1b

ROMES manual 23
2D Chart

1: select values and drag and drop the value from the signal tree into the 2D
chart view
(select multiple signals by holding Ctrl key)
2: new 2D Chart view opens
3: to change displayed signals later, right-click into view and select Configure
2

1a

1b 3

ROMES manual 24
Statistic View

1: select values and drag and drop the value from the signal tree into the
statistic view
(select multiple signals by holding Ctrl key)
2: new statistic view opens
3: to change displayed signals later, right-click into view and select Configure
2

1a

1b

ROMES manual 25
 X-Y Graph with Scatter Plot 1/3

1
1: click on View – Basic Views – X-Y Graph
2: new empty X-Y graph view opens
3: right-click into view and select Configure
2

1a

ROMES manual 26
X-Y Graph with Scatter Plot 2/3

2 3

1: click on Add…
2: select signal for X-axis and doubleclick
3: select signal for Y-axis and doubleclick
4: click OK

ROMES manual 27
X-Y Graph with Scatter Plot 3/3

1: click Ok
2: view X-Y graph scatter plot

ROMES manual 28
How To
Handle Base Station Lists

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 ROMES BTS List Files, Network Data Base
ı Base station data provided by a network operator needs to be
imported from a BTS list file(*.txt) according to an assignment Network data
specified in an ASCII Table Description (*.atd) file. Technology base format
(see chapter "Data Processing“ in ROMES manual). (file extensions)

CDMA cndb
ı After import the BTS information is available to ROMES in a
binary format DB file (one for each technology) see table  GSM nbd
LTE enbdb
ı Information about the base stations may be viewed in several
views, e.g. in the ROMES Alphanumeric or Route Track View TETRA tdb
UMTS nbdb
ı The Base Station DBs are selected in the "Tools" menu via the
"Transmitter Database" > "Base stations" dialog. WiMAX wmdb

How to Handle Base Station Lists 30

Hints for *.ATD and *.TXT Files
ı ATD File describes/ assigns mathematical format to each column of the users BTS information
ı Format of Operator/User file info : *.txt or *.csv (plain Text)
ı ATD/TXT combination provides maximum flexibility
ı Some columns like LONG, LAT, ARFCN, etc. are mandatory - depending on Technology
(see ROMES Manual - Chapter 7 - Data Processing for details)
ı Enumeration of columns starts with 0 !
ı Names for ATD and TXT should be identical
ı Both should be located in the same folder
ı No *.ATD change required (if column structure in *.TXT and name of *.TXT are not modified)

How to Handle Base Station Lists 31

Relation between *.ATD and *.TXT Files
[Main]
Type=ATD
[Table1]
Name=BTS_Table : 1; 11.57635065;48.18440245;RuS_U_A_A;21 ;4608;10666;1;105;33;262;8;903;,,903,22#,,903,23#,,903,10561
File=Ref_3G.txt Columns7_Name=IsDirected 2; 11.57635065;48.18440245;RuS_U_A_B;22 ;4736;10666;1;225;33;262;8;903;,,903,21#,,903,23#,,903,3441
3; 11.57635065;48.18440245;RuS_U_A_C;23 ;3840;10666;1;345;33;262;8;903;,,903,21#,,903,22#,,903,7183
Columns_Size=15 Columns7_Type=utUTInt
4; 11.73742607;48.14218662;RuS_U_B_A;71 ;128 ;10666;1;0;33;262;8;963;,,963,72#,,963,73#,,963,8081
Columns0_Name=UniqueId Columns8_Name=Direction 5; 11.73742607;48.14218662;RuS_U_B_B;72 ;800 ;10666;1;120;33;262;8;963;,,963,71#,,963,73#,,963,36042
Columns0_Type=utULInt Columns8_Type=utUSInt 6; 11.73742607;48.14218662;RuS_U_B_C;73 ;256 ;10666;1;240;33;262;8;963;,,963,71#,,963,72#,,963,10601
Columns9_Name=Power 7; 11.61440296;48.08219749;RuS_U_C_A;91 ;896 ;10666;1;75;33;262;8;963;,,963,92#,,963,93#,,963,7332
Columns1_Name=PosLongitude
8; 11.61440296;48.08219749;RuS_U_C_B;92 ;768 ;10666;1;195;33;262;8;963;,,963,91#,,963,93#,,963,46031
Columns1_Type=utDouble Columns9_Type=utDouble
9; 11.61440296;48.08219749;RuS_U_C_C;93 ;1024;10666;1;315;33;262;8;963;,,963,91#,,963,92#,,963,7352
Columns2_Name=PosLatitude Columns10_Name=MCC 10;11.58412843;48.12607792;RuS_U_D_A;111;2592;10666;1;25;33;262;8;903;,,903,112#,,903,113#,,983,7343
Columns2_Type=utDouble Columns10_Type=utUSInt 11;11.58412843;48.12607792;RuS_U_D_B;112;2464;10666;1;145;33;262;8;903;,,903,111#,,903,113#,,903,10993
Columns11_Name=MNC 12;11.58412843;48.12607792;RuS_U_D_C;113;2336;10666;1;240;33;262;8;903;,,903,111#,,903,112#,,903,10993
Columns3_Name=NodeB_Name
13;11.62547644;48.18744495;RuS_U_E_A;151;4352;10666;1;60;33;262;8;903;,,903,152#,,903,153#,,903,39141
Columns3_Type=utDynChar Columns11_Type=utUSInt 14;11.62547644;48.18744495;RuS_U_E_B;152;4224;10666;1;180;33;262;8;903;,,903,151#,,903,153#,,903,39141
Columns4_Name=CellID Columns12_Name=LAC 15;11.62547644;48.18744495;RuS_U_E_C;153;4480;10666;1;300;33;262;8;903;,,903,151#,,903,152#,,903,39141
Columns4_Type=utULInt Columns12_Type=utUSInt 16;11.62587557;48.12992811;RuS_U_F_A;181;256 ;10666;1;0;33;262;8;907;,,907,182#,,907,183#,,907,8762
Columns13_Name=3GNC 17;11.62587557;48.12992811;RuS_U_F_B;182;6032;10666;1;120;33;262;8;907;,,907,181#,,907,183#,,907,8762
Columns5_Name=SC 18;11.62587557;48.12992811;RuS_U_F_C;183;128 ;10666;1;240;33;262;8;907;,,907,181#,,907,182#,,907,17693
Columns5_Type=utUSInt Columns13_Type=utDynChar
Columns6_Name=ARFCN Columns14_Name=2GNC
Columns6_Type=utUSInt Columns14_Type=utDynChar
:
Ref_3G.ATD Ref_3G.TXT Content is provided by operator/ user

How to Handle Base Station Lists 32

 Attention
ı Only for UMTS Scrambling Code SC values

Do not enter SC Group No in *.txt file! (Range 0 - 511)

Use decimal SC instead which is SC Group No * 16! (Range 0 – 8176)

ı Only for LTE Cell Identifier

Do not use eNB ID/Cell ID format in *.txt file (e.g. 40012/2)

Use decimal ECI (E-UTRAN Cell Identifier) instead! (e.g. 10243074)

How to Handle Base Station Lists 33

 Conversion of ECI into eNB Id and Cell Id
ECI (E-UTRAN Cell Identifier) ECI = 10243074 (28 Bit)
28 Bit
convert to binary
eNB ID / Cell ID = 40012/ 2 (20 Bit +8 Bit)

decimal value of 00000010 = 2

Divide by 256 (100000000)
= = Cell ID
cut off 8 bits
convert to decimal

1.

2.

Using WINDOWS
Calculator 3. = eNB ID

How to Handle Base Station Lists 34

 Conversion of eNB Id/Cell Id into ECI
eNB ID ECI
20 Bit
convert to binary

convert to decimal
add 8 bits
=
multiply by 256 00000010 = add 2 = Cell ID
(100000000) 8 Bit
1. 28 Bit

2.
Using WINDOWS
Calculator 3.

How to Handle Base Station Lists 35

 Data Base Handling in ROMES
ı Create ndb (GSM)/ nbdb (UMTS)/
enbdb (LTE) Data Base

Or

ı Fill it with operator/user data from *.atd/*txt

Or

ı Load existing ndb/ nbdb / enbdb

Or

ı Export existing ndb/ nbdb / enbdb to

*.atd/*txt combination

How to Handle Base Station Lists 36

 BTS List Import in ROMES

ı Create Data Base

here:
LTE data base Ref_4G.enbdb

ı Save the name and continue

with import atd/txt

Save Cancel

How to Handle Base Station Lists 37

 BTS List Import in ROMES
ı Specify *.ATD for import
to LTE Data Base (*.enbdb)

Yes No
Open
Cancel

Yes No

ı Create a new one if you don‘t want Successfully imported

append to/ overwrite existing DB

How to Handle Base Station Lists 38

 BTS Info Overview
ı Click on Query to
visualize imported data

How to Handle Base Station Lists 39

BTS Info in Route Track View without Measurement Data

How to Handle Base Station Lists 40

BTS Info in Route Track View incl. Measurement Data

How to Handle Base Station Lists 41

BTS Info in TopN and Alphanumeric View

How to Handle Base Station Lists 42

 BTS List Import in NPA
ı Use *.ATD and *.TXT combination for Import
of BTS List info - identically to ROMES import

ı Data is handled within on data base file

named Transmitters.db

ı Special options for import procedure - see on

dialog box on the right

How to Handle Base Station Lists 43

 Cell Display in NPA
ı Various display options may be enhanced
with Base Station information

How to Handle Base Station Lists 44

How to
perform a first smart Automatic Channel Detection
(ACD) Measurement with ROMES and TSME

Or view video on youtube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRwBiKU8gSk

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Welcome to ROMES4: the welcome screen

1 1: doubleclick Automatic
Channel Detection

How to: first LTE scanner measurements with TSME 46

Select Technologies

2 3

1: select technologies of interest

2: click Next
3: click Next

How to: first LTE scanner measurements with TSME 47

Select bands

1 1 1

2 2 2

1: select GSM bands 1: select UMTS bands 1: select LTE bands

2: click Next 2: click Next 2: click Next

How to: first LTE scanner measurements with TSME 48

Start Measurement

1: click Finish
2: click Start measurement now (select filename)

How to: first LTE scanner measurements with TSME 49

View Spectrum Allocation results

1: select ACD tab

How to: first LTE scanner measurements with TSME 50

 View Technology Results

1: select technology
tab (here LTE)

LTE scan
results
Decoded Basestation
information MIB/SIB

How to: first LTE scanner measurements with TSME 51

How to
perform a first LTE scan with ROMES and TSME

ROMES manual 52
Prepare your PC

ı Find manual, documentation and tools on TSME internet page: https://www.rohde-

schwarz.com/product/tsme or on the ROMES DVD
ı Configure the LAN interface of your PC
 Set IP address to 192.168.0.1

53 ROMES manual
Prepare your PC

 Activate 9k jumbo frames:

54 ROMES manual
Install the TSME Tools Device Manager

ı Install TSME tools to manage options and to check if connection works

 ROMES DVD: \Drivers\R&S RF Receivers\TSME setup-RS-TsmeTools-1.3.5.3.exe
 If you have a windows firewall, check this box:

ı You have a new tool:

ı Connect the TSME to your PC and run the TSME device manager; if connection works, you are
ready for a first measurement
ı Close the TSME device manager before starting ROMES
ı Note: there is no need to do FW updates on the TSME: this is automatically done by the SW (e.g.
ROMES)
ROMES manual 55
Start ROMES

ı From Windows Start Menu: Rohde & Schwarz – ROMES 18.X Measurement

2 1: Launch ROMES measurement application

2: click Start

ROMES manual 56
Welcome to ROMES4: the welcome screen

Automatically detected
measurement devices
Here: TSME scanner with GSM,
WCDMA, LTE, NB-IoT, CW,
CDMA/EV-DO, TETRA, WiMax and
RF Powerscan, as well as GPS and
Automatic Channel detection (ACD)

1
1: doubleclick TSME LTE
to load LTE scanner

ROMES manual 57
Loading and configuring an LTE scanner

3
1: doublecklick Open Configuration
2: enter frequency or channel number
3: add more channels as needed 4
4: close dialog

ROMES manual 58
Add the GPS from the TSME

1
1: Click will automatically add the TSME GPS

ROMES manual 59
Ready for measurement

1 1: Click will start the measurement – ready to

drive!

Or return to welcome screen to add

additional scans, e.g. GSM or WCDMA

ROMES manual 60
 Saving workspace

ı At any time save your workspace, including measurement device configuration and views

1: open the save workspace dialog

2: select folder and filename
1

ı Load a saved workspace from the open workspace File menu

ROMES manual 61
To change the scanner configuration later

or

brings you back to the scanner configuration:

ROMES manual 62
 Viewing Scan Results

LTE scan
results
Decoded Basestation
information MIB/SIB

1
1: Select view area with LTE scan results

ROMES manual 63
Several TSMEs @ ROMES

ı How to configure measurements for

• MIMO 2x2
• MIMO 4x4

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ROMES manual 64
Overall Concept

ı TSMEs must have different IP addresses, e.g.

TSME IP
1 192.168.0.1
2 192.168.0.2
3 192.168.0.3
4 192.168.0.4

ı ROMES shows the TSMEs under devices and sorts them in

ascending order by IP address, so that IP address, serial number
and frontend can be mapped
ı The connected TSMEs can be looked at like one scanner with four
frontends: 1,2,3 and 4

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ROMES manual 65
Synchronisation

ı To measure MIMO, TSMEs must be synchronised with a synchronisation cable

 MIMO 2x2: two TSMEs are connected with one TSME-ZC2 cable
 MIMO 4x4: four TSMEs are connected with one TSME-ZC4 cable
ı Synchronized TSMEs are shown with the same color under devices
ı Not synchronized TSMEs are shown in different colors

Two synchronized Four synchronized Two pairs of synchronized TSMEs:

TSMEs: TSMEs:

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ROMES manual 66
LTE and RF Powerscan: one scannerdriver with multiple frontends

ı For LTE Synchronized TSMEs are automatically loaded together

 Add HW, select one TSME, the driver is loaded once

 All TSMEs that are synchronized to this TSME will automatically be loaded as additional
frontend(s)

LTE Scanner with 4 frontends:

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ROMES manual 67
Preparing MIMO measurements

ı Technology Settings: Technologies … TEC for LTE Scanner

ı Activate the number of signals to create in the signal tree

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ROMES manual 68
MIMO 2x2

TSME Options IP
1 K29, K30, KxB 192.168.0.1
2 No option 192.168.0.2

ı TSME 1 and 2 connected with Sync cable

ı Load the LTE scanner and select TSME1: this will load TSME1 and TSME2 and provide MIMO
signals: 0/0, 0/1, 1/0, 1/1

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ROMES manual 69
MIMO 4x4

TSME Options IP
1 K29, K30, KxB 192.168.0.1
2 No option 192.168.0.2
3 No option 192.168.0.3
4 No option 192.168.0.4

ı TSME 1+2+3+4 connected with Sync cable

ı Load the LTE scanner and select TSME1: this will load TSME1, TSME2, TSME3 and TSME4
and provide MIMO signals: 0/0, 0/1, 0/2, 0/3, 1/0, 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 2/0, 2/1, 2/2, 2/3, 3/0, 3/1, 3/2
and 3/3

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ROMES manual 70
Configuring the LTE Scanner

ı Basic Settings

ı Under Advanced select a suitable template:

ı Or <Open> for full control (will be shown as <Custom>)

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ROMES manual 71
MIMO advanced settings

Which mode to measure: 2x2, 4x2, 4x4

Which parameters to measure per mode

How many MIMO results to compute from one IQ block (need to change only for special
R&D applications, when H matrix is further processed)

Rank is relevant only for „good“ cells with SINR of the RB above this theshold
Calculate MIMO results only for the best 5 cells (in this case)
Calculate MIMO results only for cell with RSRP above -130dBm
Calculate MIMO results only for „good“ cells with NB RS SINR above 1dB
Don‘t calculate MIMO results that are 10dB below the best cell

MIMO assesses the channel quality of the possible serving cells  we don‘t want
to use computation power to calculate MIMO for „bad“ cells
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ROMES manual 72
ROMES MIMO 4x4 View

ı Condition Number waterfall

diagram per RB

ı H-matrix and CN line chart

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73 ROMES manual
MIMO signals

ı MIMO results are available from the signal tree

ı Raw H- matrices, including subband rank and condition number:
ı MIMO Matrices 4x4
The Matrices per Resource Block for 4x4 MIMO. The output is as follows:
#nRBs;#Measurements;DeltaT;n,{ a11,a12,a13,a14,a21,a22,a23,a24},SINR,CN,Rank;.....
#nRBs: Number of Resource Blocks per Measurement
#Measurements: Number of Measurements
DeltaT: Time between Measurements in ms
n: Measurement Number
{ a11,..a24 }: Matrix
SINR: SINR used for Matrix in dB
CN: Conditionnumber of Matrix
Rank: Rank of Matrix

ı Wideband condition number: Wideband Rank:

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ROMES manual 74
Path measurements

ı For every path:

 RSRP
 RSRQ
 SINR
0/0

1/1

2/2

3/3

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75
ROMES manual
LTE and MIMO – In Field Test
with R&S®ROMES & R&S®TSMW R&S®TSME or R&S®TSMA

h11

h21
s1 r1
hMR1
h12
s2 h22 r2

Tx hMR2 Rx
h1MT h2MT

sMT hMRMT rMR

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Content

ı LTE Scanner introduction

ı LTE Wideband measurements

ı LTE MIMO Measurements

ı Summary

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LTE Scanner Highlights

l All LTE bands supported in one HW

– Frequency range from 30 MHz to 6 GHz (TSMW) or 350MHz to 4.4GHz (TSME and TSMA)

l up to 64 channels in parallel
l All channel bandwidths supported: 1,4; 3; 5; 10; 15; 20MHz, automatic detection/tracking
l Up to 200 measurements/sec (SYNC)
l Support of FDD and TD-LTE
l Support of LTE-A (carrier aggregation)
l No TopN limitation of numbers of Physical Cell IDs
l Measurements of P+S-SYNC power and SINR; RSRP, RSRQ, RS-SINR
l Wideband RS measurements and subband SINR and RSRP on all eNodeB ports,
l RSSI and Spectrum measurement
l Measure Cell synchronization to GPS
l Channel Impulse Response for Signal reflection and Guard Interval analysis
l MIB and all SIB decoding
l MIMO measurements: subband H- matrix and condition number, rank
l Throughput and CQI estimation
l LTE measurements in parallel to all other technologies (GSM, WCDMA, CDMA, EV-DO,
Wimax, TETRA, TD-SCDMA) in all bands

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What affects network performance?

ı The SINR value is the major technical influence for throughput

ı What affects the SINR?

 Out of band interferences like TV Transmitters (esp. digital
dividend)
 In-band interferences - too many cells “visible”
 Multipath distribution – Inter-Symbol-Interference
 Wrong settings of Cyclic Prefix length
 Non-optimized CQI calculation of UE
 Non-optimized scheduler of eNodeB
 Driving velocity (doppler shift)
 Heavy loaded network
 Wrong settings in the network, many can be decoded with R&S
Scanner
 ….

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LTE Scanner Measurements

Interferences ?

Strongest Cell = Serving Cell ?

BCH demodulation

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Multi-Path Interferences

CP

Multipath power Inter-Symbol-Interference

OFDM Symbol 1 CP OFDM Symbol 2 CP time

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BCH Demodulation

ı Demodulation of Cell/Network specific Information of all Signals

ı PBCH: MCC, MNC, LAC, Bandwidth, Neighbor Cells etc

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Content

ı LTE Scanner introduction

ı LTE Wideband measurements

ı LTE MIMO Measurements

ı Summary

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Why do I need wideband measurements?

ı Narrowband
 Reference Symbols on 1 MHz at the center
 Synch-Channels on 1 MHz at the center
 Very fast scanning with 200 Hz (SYNC signals)
 Detect internal and own-created interferences
 Check if a UE could synchronize to a cell

ı Wideband
 Reference Symbols on full bandwidth (up to 20 MHz)
 Automatic detection of bandwidth (SIB Decoding)
 Detect external interferences
 See where the external interference affects the LTE signal
 “How good the data can be decoded”

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What is measuredS
WB RS measurements
per subband
…
10 ms / 3 MHz FDD
S S
(WB RS SINR)
Interference can
be detected with u u u
WB
measurements
b b b
b b b
a a a
72 SC (PBCH)
(NB RSRP
n n n Tx Antenna 1 (R0)
NB RSRQ d d d Tx Antenna 2 (R1)
NB RS-SINR)
1 0 All RS measurements
14 (NB and WB)
separately for R0 and
R1

5 ms => 200 Hz

S-Synch
(Power/SINR)
1 MHz = 62 SC
P-Synch
(Power/SINR) Full Bandwidth e.g. 3 MHz  180 SC (RSSI, WB RSRP, WB RSRQ, WB RS SINR)

Source of LTE grid: http://paul.wad.homepage.dk/LTE/lte_resource_grid.html

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Channel bandwidth tracking

ı Channel bandwidth can be set be the user, or scanner can

automatically decode the MIB and identify the bandwidth
Two Auto modes are available:
ı Auto (once):
the scanner uses the bandwidth from the first MIB decoded on
this channel
ı Auto (tracking):
the scanner will decode the MIB for each eNodeB (PCI) and
use the respective bandwidth for that eNodeB. Useful if the
carrier bandwidth is not the same on the same channel, but
will delay acquisition of WB values until the MIB has been
decoded

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Overview of measured parameters

Narrowband (NB) Wideband (WB)

Received power Power

Based on S-Synch (62 SC)
RSRP WB-RSRP
Based on RS in PBCH (72 SC) Based on RS (full bandwidth)
Quality RSRQ WB-RSRQ
Based on PBCH (72 SC) Based on all received SC (full
bandwidth)
SNR SINR
Based on S-Synch (62 SC)
RS-SINR WB-RS-SINR
Based on RS (72 SC) Based on RS (full bandwidth)
Total Power RSSI
Based on all received SC (full
bandwidth)
SC = Sub Carrier RS = Reference Symbol

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 Interpretation of the RSRQ values
ı RSRQ = N×RSRP/(E-UTRA carrier RSSI) over the same bandwidth
 N is the number of RB’s of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth.
 With RSSI in the denominator RSRQ depends on the user data traffic in the network

ı The scanner must deliver an objective repeatable measurement: NB scanner delivers the RSRQ based on the 72 subcarriers of the
PBCH: this corresponds to the RSRQ measured by the UE in those resource blocks that contain data for the UE

In ideal interference and noise and fading free environment:

ı Narrowband (PBCH based): (6*EPRE)/(72*EPRE) = 1/12 or -10,79 dB
ı Wideband or UE in idle mode e.g. in a 20MHz system with 100 resource blocks and MIMO – using 4 resource elements per resource
block for the reference signals R0 and R1): (100*EPRE)/(100*4* EPRE) = 1/4 or -6 dB

ı So we expect to see a difference of up to 4,8 dB between the narrowband and the UE or wideband result respectively, depending on
network load. With fading, this difference can even be increased

EPRE = eNodeB transmitted Energy per Ressource Element in mW for PBCH and reference signals
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TopN showing NB & WB values

NB Power
NB-SINR
WB RSSI
@Tx1 WB RSSI WB RS-SINR
@Tx2 per path
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Wideband RS-SINR per Sub-Band
ı Find defect eNodeB antennas
ı Find interferences
ı Locate interferences
ı See traffic and it’s assigned sub-
band

Mouse-Over Shows:
• Time
• RS-SINR value
• Frequency
• RB
• RB per Sub-Band
• Gap

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Wideband RS-SINR per Sub-Band

ı Sub-Band can be 1 to 4 Interferences are

ı 1 = per Resource Blocks frequency selective!

Tx0 / Rx0 Tx1 / Rx0 Tx0 / Rx1 Tx1 / Rx1

50 RB‘s 50 RB‘s 50 RB‘s 50 RB‘s

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Wideband RSRP per subband

ı See effects of frequency selective fading

ı See broken/corroded antenna cables on
BTS

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Spectrum View

ı LTE scanner displays spectrum of LTE

carrier (no RF Powerscan option
required)
ı TD-LTE: separate UL and DL spectrum
UL spectrum useful for interference
detection

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WB RS RSSI measurement
ı 3GPP: E-UTRA Carrier Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), comprises the linear average of the total received
power (in [W]) observed only in OFDM symbols containing reference symbols for antenna port 0, in the measurement
bandwidth, over N number of resource blocks by the UE from all sources, including co-channel serving and non-serving
cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise etc.

WB RSSI: WB RS RSSI:

R Entire bandwidth R R Entire bandwidth R Signal only from

Symbols that contain
RS is included in
R R R R RSSI:

WB RSSI WB RS RSSI

This total power RSSI value is the same for all PCIs This 3GPP RSSI is different per PCI

Reference Signal

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Content

ı LTE Scanner introduction

ı LTE Wideband measurements

ı LTE MIMO Measurements

ı Summary

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MIMO – General Overview
ı Target of “Multiple Input Multiple Output”
 Improve capacity
 Improve performance
 No allocation of extra spectrum
 Transmission of multiple data streams in parallel via the same frequency spectrum

ı Challenges
 Channel knowledge
 Separation of data streams
 Combination of several data streams

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 Single/Multiple Input
MIMO Differences

Transmitter
1

MT
1

MR

Single/Multiple Output
Receiver
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How can we assess if a channel is good for
MIMO? RF-Path h11

h21
s1 r1
hMR1
h12
s2 h22 r2

Tx hMR2 Rx
h1MT h2MT

sMT hMRMT rMR

s H r

Received signal is known rj  Hs j  n j Noise and interference

H: channel matrix estimated Task of the receiver : calculate s

from the reference signals for the user data

From Noise and Interference and the H-matrix we can predict, how well the receiver will be able to decode the data

SINR Condition Number and rank

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What is the Condition Number?

ı Received Signal from previous slide:

ı Using matrix operation „singular-value-decomposition“ of H-matrix:

 representation by two virtual SISO channels (σ = singular value)

 MIMO works when both virtual SISO channels are equally strong,
so both σ0 and σ1 should ideally be equal

ı Condition Number:
 When σ0 = σ1  condition number = 1 (=0dB)  perfect MIMO channel CO M PANY RESTRI CTED
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SINR and Condition number qualify the MIMO
channel
ı The performance of a MIMO channel depends* on SINR AND
Condition Number
 SINR represents interferences (independent to CN)
 CN represents the channel condition (independent to SINR)

12 Bit/Hz
SINR = 15 dB
10 Bit/Hz
CN = 0 dB

Performance / Channel Capacity

8 Bit/Hz
has equivalent
Performance to
6 Bit/Hz
SINR SINR = 20 dB
4 Bit/Hz
CN = 15 dB

In a bad MIMO environment

2 Bit/Hz with high CN additional SINR is
needed to achieve the same
Condition Number throughput (here: 5dB)
“Good” MIMO environment “Bad” MIMO environment

*Gerad J. Foschini „On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas”
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Introduction to Drive Test MIMO Feature

ı Both receivers are used to cover 4x2 and 2x2 Systems

Unwanted paths

From the H-matrix the condition

number is calculated to quantify the
effect of the unwanted paths H Matrix is complex
with Amplitude & Phase!
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Extreme examples

𝒓𝟎 𝒉𝟎𝟎 𝒉𝟎𝟏 𝒔𝟎
𝒓𝟏 = 𝒉𝟏𝟎 𝒉𝟏𝟏
∙ 𝒔
𝟏

Perfectly well conditioned: no correlation Fully ill conditioned

Receiver can derive data without error Receiver can not derive data at all
H Matrix Singular Condition H Matrix Singular Condition
Values σ Number Values σ Number
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟎. 𝟓
𝟎 𝟏 1; 1 1.0 (0.0 dB) 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟎. 𝟓 1; 0 ∞
 Perfect MIMO channel  Not suitable for MIMO at all

Condition number definition:

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Realistic examples

𝒓𝟎 𝒉𝟎𝟎 𝒉𝟎𝟏 𝒔𝟎
𝒓𝟏 = 𝒉𝟏𝟎 𝒉𝟏𝟏
∙ 𝒔
𝟏
Unwanted paths

Singular Condition
H Matrix Values σ Number

well conditioned 0.9 0.2 1.0323 1.54 (3.77 dB)

0.15 0.8 0.6683

ill conditioned 0.9 0.8 1.5800 12.48 (21.92 dB)

0.65 0.8 0.1266

Condition number definition:

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Condition Number in ROMES
Where to look at
Time

Time
Resource Blocks #50 @ 10 MHz

H Matrix

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Condition Number in ROMES

Low values for CN (green) –

Time

well conditioned = suitable for MIMO

the center of 10 MHz

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Condition Number in ROMES

High values for CN (yellow, red)–

Time

ill conditioned = not suitable for

MIMO in full 10 MHz

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Condition Number II
LOS vs NLOS

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Condition Number
LOS vs NLOS

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TopN showing MIMO values

Rank Condition Number

Indicators for suitability of channel for MIMO

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With MIMO 4x4 the rank becomes important

ı Rank: number of singular values >0  number of spatial layers

MIMO 2x2 H Matrix rank MIMO function

1 MIMO does not work (only single spatial layer)

2 MIMO possible on 2 layers

 In MIMO 2x2 the rank and the condition number give the same information

MIMO 4x4 H Matrix rank MIMO function

1 MIMO does not work (only single spatial layer)

2 MIMO possible on 2 layers

MIMO quality
3 MIMO possible on 3 layers depends on
CN
4 MIMO possible on 4 layers

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ROMES MIMO 4x4 View

ı Condition Number waterfall

diagram per RB

ı H-matrix, rank and CN line

chart

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Why 4x4 MIMO suitability can be different from 2x2 MIMO?

ı BS antenna realization options

2x2 MIMO: Today

BS: 2x2 installation mostly use cross-polarized antennas (+45°/-45° slanted)
 1st stream on blue pol. direction + 2nd stream on red pol. direction (perfectly uncorrelated Tx).
UE: 2 Rx antennas per band is state of the art.
BS antenna  2x2 MIMO (2 streams) works well, if channel offers 2 similar uncorrelated paths (CN low and
(1 sector) SINR is sufficiently high)
4x4 MIMO: Future
BS: 4x4 installation would ideally need a pair of cross-pol. antennas with 10λ distance
to provide 4 uncorrelated paths  1st on blue, 2nd on red, 3rd on orange, 4th on green.
≥10λ But 10λ distance (3,8m for 800MHz or 1,7m for 1800MHz) has a strong impact on BS sites.
BS antennas  Tradeoff between 4x4 additional capacity and visual/physical BS impact can be expected.
(1 sector)
UE: 4 Rx antennas per band in smartphone form factor is not solved yet

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112
MIMO 4x4 measurement applications

ı MIMO 4x4 investments will not pay-off in all clutter types, as multipath is required
 Dense urban  good multipath environment  good MIMO 4x4 performance
 Rural  no multipath environment  no MIMO 4x4 performance
 with scanner measure MIMO performance in different clutter type
 define design criteria where to deploy MIMO 4x4 and where not

ı MIMO objective: increase throughput without increasing total transmit power

 MIMO 4x4 will have half the power per path compared to MIMO 2x2
 Expectation: SINR will decrease
 Scanner measures the SINR

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Content

ı LTE Scanner introduction

ı LTE Wideband measurements

ı LTE MIMO Measurements

ı Summary

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Benefits for Customers
ı Objective reference to characterize MIMO channel
 Find areas where MIMO works best, and why
 Trouble shooting – why is the UE throughput low: Network Issue, UE issue? Channel issue?
 Gain Experience to optimize planning & deployment
ı Check that all paths work, across eNodeB, cables, antennas
ı Scanner provides most granular measurements:
 Fast measurements
 Subband measurements
ı Validation if MIMO investments are reliable
ı Before-After tests for new BTS SW release
ı Reproduce MIMO Channel in Lab with Fading Emulator for UE performance validation

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 Further reading

Application Note: LTE Drive Test - How to benefit from using a R&S®TSMW
Application Note: Assessing a MIMO Channel - White Paper
Application Note: Long Term Evolution (LTE) Technology Introduction
Application Note: Introduction to MIMO

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Thank you

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