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Automatic Waste Segregator and Monitoring System: January 2016
Automatic Waste Segregator and Monitoring System: January 2016
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RMK Engineering College
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Abstract
Rapid increase in population has led to improper waste management in metro cities and
urban areas which has resulted in spreading of diseases. It is estimated that 2.02 billion tones
of municipal solid waste was generated universally in 2006. The segregation, transport,
handling and disposal of waste must be managed properly to minimize the risks to the public,
and the environment. An efficient method to dispose the waste has been designed in our
project, “automatic waste segregator and monitoring system”. This paper proposes an
automatic waste segregator (AWS) which is a cheap, easy to use solution for a segregation
system at households, so that the wastes can be sent directly for processing. Automatic waste
segregator is designed to sort the waste into three main categories namely; metallic, organic
and plastic, thereby making the waste management more effective. Ultrasonic sensors are
added for monitoring waste collection process. The sensors would be placed in all the
garbage bins. When the garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then the indication will be
given to a microcontroller. The microcontroller will give indication to the driver of garbage
collection truck by sending SMS using GSM technology.
JoMEA (2016) 1-7 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
Automatic Waste Segregator and Monitoring System Aleena et al.
JoMEA (2016) 1-7 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 2
Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
Volume 3, Issue 2
ISSN: 2455-197X (online)
Conveyor Belt
It carries the waste from inlet to outlet
sections. Four 12 V DC geared motors are
used to move the belt.
Fig. 2: Block Diagram of Monitoring System.
Inductive Proximity Sensor
Inductive proximity sensor based on the eddy Robotic Arm
current principle is fixed in the inlet part to Metal wastes are separated by a robotic arm
identify the presence of metals in the waste with an electromagnet fixed on the arm.
[11]. The NPN sensor gives a logical 0 output Robotic arm delivers fast, accurate, and
in the presence of metal and logical 1 output in repeatable movement. The robot features are:
the absence of metal. This is fed as input to the base rotation, single plane shoulder. When the
microcontroller. metal is detected by the inductive proximity
sensor; the conveyor belt stops. Control signal
Geared DC Motor is given to robotic arm to extract the metal by
A motor takes electrical energy and converts the electromagnet attached to it and then turn
into mechanical energy. A geared DC motor around 180° and drop the metal particles into a
has a gear assembly attached to the motor. The bin. Robotic arm moves with the help of two
speed of motor is counted in terms of rotations 12 V geared DC motors.
of the shaft per minute and is termed as RPM.
The gear assembly helps in increasing the Electromagnet
torque and reducing the speed. Using the An electromagnet is a device used to generate
correct combination of gears in a gear motor, a magnetic field with the help of an electric
its speed can be reduced to any desirable current. Electromagnet usually consists of a
JoMEA (2016) 1-7 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 3
Automatic Waste Segregator and Monitoring System Aleena et al.
large number of closely spaced turns of wire phones for their identification. A GSM modem
that create the magnetic field. The wire turns can perform the following operations: receive,
are often wound around a magnetic core made send or delete SMS messages in a SIM; read,
from a ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic add, search phonebook entries of the SIM; and
material such as iron; the magnetic core make, receive or reject a voice call. Modem
concentrates the magnetic flux and makes a needs AT commands, for interfacing with
more powerful magnet. The main advantage of processor or controller, which are
an electromagnet over a permanent magnet is communicated through serial communication.
that the magnetic field can be quickly changed Different AT commands supported by the
by controlling the amount of electric current in MODEM can be sent by the
the winding. processor/controller/computer to interact with
the GSM cellular network.
However, unlike a permanent magnet that
needs no power, an electromagnet requires a Monitoring System
continuous supply of current to maintain the The monitoring system consists of a GSM
magnetic field. The principle that module and a computer [13–20]. Block
electromagnets work by is used in a wide diagram for monitoring system is shown in
range of electric and electronic devices such as Figure 2. The SMS from waste bins will be fed
electric motors, solenoids, tape drives and into the computer by GSM module [21].
even speakers and microphones. The simplest MAX232 is an IC used for interfacing a serial
electromagnet can be built with a simple metal communication system to the computer. An
wire through which electric current is being SMS is sent from this monitoring system to
circulated. the waste collector or to clean up the filled bin.
JoMEA (2016) 1-7 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 4
Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
Volume 3, Issue 2
ISSN: 2455-197X (online)
JoMEA (2016) 1-7 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 5
Automatic Waste Segregator and Monitoring System Aleena et al.
JoMEA (2016) 1-7 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 6
Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications
Volume 3, Issue 2
ISSN: 2455-197X (online)
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