l Technology: Level 2

The Technology of Music

TA225

Block 3 Errata 2005

Copyright © 2005 The Open University SUP 85494 3

1.1
 Contents
1 Introduction 3
2 Block 3 Part 1 3
3 Block 3 Part 2 6

2 TA225 THE TECHNOLOGY OF MUSIC

1 Introduction

This item contains a list of the errata for the items enclosed in the Block 3 mailing
for the 2005 presentation of TA225. As with the errata for Blocks 1 and 2, note
that some minor errata of an editorial or layout nature are not included in this list
as they will not affect your study of the course.
The Course Team apologises for these errors, for the inconvenience they cause and
for the fact that they have not been able to incorporate them in the course material.
As soon as you can you should spend a few minutes transferring the errata below
into the printed items so you will be aware of any errata when you come to study
the relevant material.
If you spot any other errata not mentioned below, then please let us know.

2 Block 3 Part 1
In a number of computer activities, the book mentions that you will find the steps
detailing how to carry out the activity in the Block 3 Companion. These are now
contained in a separate booklet entitled Block 3 Activity Instructions.
The activities affected are Activities 4, 9, 16, 22, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38
and 40 in Chapter 1 and Activities 34, 35, 40, 41, 44, 55, 61 and 62 in Chapter 3.
These changes are all mentioned in the lists below, but you may feel you do not
need to alter all of them in the book.

Chapter 1
Page 12 – penultimate paragraph, last line
1 Gbyte is one thousand million bytes or 1024 × 1024 × 1024 bytes.
Page 13 – Activity 4
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 21 – Activity 9
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 24 – Activity 11, 1st line
‘…data rate of a single digital sound…’ should be ‘…data rate of a stereo
digital sound…’.
Page 24 – Activity 11 Comment
Replace the whole comment with the following which is a much simpler
answer to the exploratory activity:
Each channel is sampled 44 100 times a second, and there are 16 bits per
channel. Therefore the data rate for two channels is 44 100 × 16 × 2 =
1 411 200 bits per second.
Page 35 – Activity 16
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 50 – 6th line
‘tare’ should be ‘are’.
Page 50 – Activity 22
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 57 – Activity 24
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 60 – Activity 26
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.

BLOCK 3 ERRATA 2005 3

Page 60 – Activity 27
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 70 – Activity 30
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 73 – Activity 31
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 80 – Activity 34, 3rd line
‘with’ should be ‘will’.
Page 81 – Activity 36
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 84 – Activity 37
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 86 – 1st paragraph under Section 6.5.4, 3rd line
‘modules’ should be ‘modulates’.
Page 87 – Activity 38
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 92 – Activity 40
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet in the
section concerning the TA225 Course Tune.

Chapter 2
Page 117 – 1st paragraph under Section 4.2, 2nd line
‘in which the image…’ should be ‘in which a reverse of the image…’.
Page 117 – 2nd paragraph under Section 4.2, last line
Add to the end of the paragraph ‘– now the right way round’.

Chapter 3
Page 147 – 1st paragraph under Section 4.3, 4th line
‘Nickelodean’ should be ‘Nickelodeon’.
Page 155 – 4th line up from the bottom
The sentence should start: ‘As keys are pressed on the keyboard’.
Page 167 – 1st paragraph, last line
The last word should be ‘exerted’ (not ‘asserted’).
Page 169 – Activity 34
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 174 – Activity 35
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 175 – 3rd line and page 176, 2nd line
‘denery’ should be spelt ‘denary’.
Page 177 – Activity 40
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 182 – Activity 41
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 183 – 3rd line under Section 11.3
‘…the string sound to patch 2…’ should be ‘…the piano sound to patch 2…’.
Page 184 – Box 10, 3rd paragraph, penultimate line
The UK television frame rate is 25 frames per second (not 50).

4 TA225 THE TECHNOLOGY OF MUSIC

Page 190 – Activity 44
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.

Page 192 – 1st paragraph under Section 11.5, 7th line and penultimate line
‘Karioki’ is spelt ‘karaoke’.
Page 197 – 4th from last line
‘…a full piano encompass…’ should be ‘…a near full piano compass…’.
Page 210 – Activity 55
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.

Page 213 – Activity 61

The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.

Page 213 – Activity 62

The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet in the

section concerning the TA225 Course Tune.

Page 223 – Activity 36(a), 2nd line

The weightings of the bits are 2 + 8 = 10.
Page 224 – Activity 50(a), last line
The pitch range is C2 to C8 (not C4 to C8).

Index
analogue input – sensitivity – embolden page 14
analogue-to-digital converter – change page 42 to 41
Above ‘attack time’ insert a new entry ‘ATA flash card 42’

audio bus – add page 61

audio interchange file format – embolden page 44

buffer – embolden page 75
chunk – embolden page 187

clipping – embolden page 21

crosstalk – embolden page 86

Decap Blue Angel café organ – add page 132
digital-to-analogue converter – change page 42 to 41
equalisation – controls – change page 42 to 41

graphic equalisation – add page 72

hard disk – access time – page references should be 39, 40

hardware – embolden page 205

interchange file format – embolden page 44

MIDI – cueing message – change page 185 to 186
MIDI – full message – change page 185 to 186

MIDI – quarter frame message – change page 184 to 185

above ‘MIDI – trigger’ add a new MIDI sub-entry ‘track 188’

MIDI – user bit – change page 185 to 186

MIDI – wind controller – change page 198 to 199

mixing – change page 42 to 41

above ‘modulation wheel’ insert a new entry ‘MMC see multi-media card’

BLOCK 3 ERRATA 2005 5

above ‘multiplexing’ insert a new entry ‘multi-media card (MMC) 42’
above ‘organ-grinder’ insert a new entry ‘organette 143’
peripheral – embolden page 205
pin barrel – pinning – embolden page 135
above ‘pitch changing’ insert a new entry ‘pitch bend 169’
player piano – embolden page 144
protocol – embolden page 22
resistance – delete page 74
below ‘resistance’ insert a new entry ‘ resonance 74’
resource interchange file format – add page 48
resource interchange file format – data chunk – add page 49
seek time – change page 40 to 39
standard MIDI file – track – embolden page 188
street piano – change page 133 to 134
transposing/non-transposing instrument – change page 116 to 115
TRS connector – delete page 34
above ‘USB’ insert a new entry ‘universal SysEx messages 172’
word/frame synchronisation – embolden page 25
Yamaha AW16G – insert new sub-entries: ‘block diagram 65’, ‘effects library 99’,
‘equalisation library 98’, ‘input library 97’ and ‘reverberation parameters 100’

3 Block 3 Part 2
As in Part 1, in a number of computer activities, the book mentions that you will
find the steps detailing how to carry out the activity in the Block 3 Companion.
These are also now contained in the separate booklet entitled Block 3 Activity
Instructions.
The activities affected are Activities 17 and 41 in Chapter 4 and Activities 9, 14,
18, 19, 38 and 39 in Chapter 5. These changes are all mentioned in the lists
below, but you may feel you do not need to alter all of them in the book.

Chapter 4
Page 10 – 3rd line from end
The line should read ‘fact that it has been’.
Page 15 – Table 3
The column headings of the 1st and 3rd columns should be ‘Audio source’
and ‘Approximate bandwidth’ respectively.
Page 21 – Table 4
The data rates for SACD and DVD-A should be measured in kbits/s (not
kHz). Also add a note to the quantisation rate and number of bits for SACD
saying ‘Equivalent values (see Box 15)’.
Page 23 – Figure 15
In the left hand graph, the sine wave should have a smaller amplitude than
marked such that the amplitude is less than half a quantisation interval.
Page 25 – Activity 17
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.

6 TA225 THE TECHNOLOGY OF MUSIC

Page 27 – Box 4, 2nd line
Replace ‘250 inches per second’ with ‘400 inches per second’.
Page 29 – Box 4, ‘Recording time’, 2nd line
Change ‘reduction in’ to ‘of the’.
Page 34 – last 2 lines
At the end of the penultimate line, replace ‘0.390 µm’ with ‘approximately
0.120 µm’. Also at the end of the last line, add to the end of the bracketed text
‘in polycarbonate’.
Page 35 – penultimate paragraph, 6th line
‘effected’ should be ‘affected’.
Page 47 – Activity 27 comment, part (b)
In the first paragraph, replace ‘1 411 200’ with ‘705 600’ and replace
‘2.8224’ with ‘1.4112’. In the second paragraph, replace the two occurrences
of ‘2.8224’ with ‘1.4112’ and replace ‘3.7632’ with ‘1.8816’.
Page 47 – last line above Activity 28
The start of the line should read ‘used to identify…’.
Page 49 – under Section 7.3.4, 4th and 5th lines
‘error concealment’ should be emboldened.
Page 55 – 7th and 9th lines
‘HufFMan’ should be ‘Huffman’.
Page 57 – Figure 35
In the figure, change ‘threshold in quiet’ to ‘limit of audibility’.
Page 57 – Last line
Change ‘MPEG-2’ to ‘MPEG-1’.
Page 58 – Box 23, title and 1st line
In both instances change ‘MPEG-2’ to ‘MPEG-1’.
Page 61 – Activity 39 comment, 1st line
‘effected’ should be ‘affected’.
Page 62 – Activity 41
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 62 – 2nd paragraph under Section 8.5.1, 2nd line
‘…due the necessary…’ should be ‘…due to the necessary…’.
Page 64 – Box 24, 6th line from the end
‘24 milliseconds’ should be ‘96 milliseconds (in the UK)’.

Chapter 5
Page 79 – line above the quote at the bottom of the page, and the second footnote
The author’s name is spelt ‘Philip’.
Page 87 – Activity 9
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 92 – Activity 13 comment, 5th line
‘…and may…’ should be ‘…and many…’
Page 93 – Activity 14
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 94 – Box 5, 2nd paragraph, 12th line
‘Leocavallo’ should be ‘Leoncavallo’.
.

BLOCK 3 ERRATA 2005 7

Page 94 – Box 5, last paragraph, penultimate line
‘(£1.10)’ should be ‘(£1.05)’.
Page 94 – Box 5, last paragraph, last line
After ‘30 to 35 shillings’ add ‘(£1.50 to £1.75)’.
Page 96 – first two lines under Figure 16
In the 1st line delete the word ‘inversely’. In the 2nd line change ‘output level
falls’ to ‘output level rises’.
Page 97 – Activity 17, 3rd line
Change ‘30 Hz and 30 kHz’ to ‘20 Hz and 20 kHz’.
Page 98 – Activities 18 and 19
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 100 – Activity 21, 1st line
Change ‘…that might find…’ to ‘…might find…’.
Page 102 – Penultimate line
Change ‘6 mm’ to ‘50 mm’.
Page 103 – 13th and 15th lines
In the 13th line change ‘150 cm’ to ‘152 cm’. In the 15th line change ‘3 km’
to 3.22 km’.
Page 108 – 9th line from the end
Change ‘This increased the signal-to-noise ratio’ to ‘This reduced the signal-
to-noise ratio’.
Page 115 – paragraph above Activity 36, 6th line
CEDAR stands for Computer Enhanced Digital Audio Restoration.
Page 116 – Activities 38 and 39
The activity steps are in the Block 3 Activity Instructions booklet.
Page 119 – Box 11
Change the last three lines of the right hand column to ‘CD includes iTunes
for Windows’.
Page 127 – first line
The 1st word should be ‘manufacturers’.
Page 130 – summary of Section 2.2.1, 5th line
‘tin-foil disc’ should be ‘tin-foil cylinder’.
Page 133 – Activity 40, last line
Change ‘67 108 864’ to ‘536 870 912’.

Index
Change the entry for 33 rpm disc to ‘45 rpm disc’

Add a new entry above the above entry ‘33 1/3 rpm disc 99’

bandwidth - delete the sub-entry ‘see also mechanical music player’

Above BASF add a new entry ‘barrel organ 79’

plate - change the sub-entry ‘see also 33 rpm disc...’ to ‘see also 45 rpm disc...’

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