a and Circ eet obedience Mover Disobedience . . Disobedience Movement othe civil Disobedience Movement ficance of th ‘and Communist Parties t, 1930 Fomaton ofthe Socialist The Revolutionary Movement GANDHI'S EARLY LIFE Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the greatest leader of modern India. He was also a saint and a moral revolutionary. Mahatma, the name given to Gandhi, speaks volumes about the man. The literal translation of Mahatma is “the Great Soul”. He was the man who became “One with the People”, who felt that “they are of his own flesh and blood.” Gandhi was born on 2nd October, 1869 . Porbandar in Gujarat, His father was ne Dewan of the Rajkot State, He was a wie boy at School, worked hard and was was Very honest. After | Jeading to the Civil Disobedience Moyen. umstances lead > yn Atsican’ vay (1932) for his mother had afterwards, he began Mumbai. Just died Practising jp GANDHI’s ACTIViTy jy SOUTH AFRICA From 1893 to 1914 the field of Cans activity was South Africa, whee » went as a lawyer of a firm. He wis» familiar with the fact that Indians sé: in South Africa were subjected to thems humiliating treatment. Gandhi soon te! himself the target of the meanest is In Natal and Transvaal “he was tite out of hotels and trains, insulted, ba and kicked”, The Indians in Afi ™® helpless, unable to defend thems!‘21 Justicg Movement 1939 st died. actising law at ITY IN CA dof Gandhi's a, where he . He was not .dians settled d to the most ii soon found ynest insults thrown ge Mites Thece pound pottan, — yuo al ‘ ope ‘i such oppressiv qpHt’s ROLE IN THE Sercetve lor GANTGLE FOR SWARA} The [eiheshral Bagh eepeop tenes tom grr Ohaee “ m Bagh ag ‘Cooperation with the Brit le in India. He toc aarngaite the Prestige of a leader bovhe India’s support in the the Government had most brilliant promises, Muslims also who had aleasy nero the Congress suspended the law-breaking, { service for the British He played an jalet siting young. Indians while, he could: not ne sople’s sufferings ree oly he took up the HY mprtonnent © Mine indie RERTR Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930: On 12 Match, 1930 began Mahatma ants of fenigstrict of Bihar, A campaign Coe anrratish iedige: GANAH's Nistor march from Ssbarmas ear ie tex Ashram to Dandi. He violated the salt om nched mre campa neers T laws. 4. Renewal of Civil Disobedience ‘Movement in 1932: The famous Gand Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931 Gandhi agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement. He also agreed to take part in the deliberations of the Second Round Table Conference. (7th November to 1st December, 1931). The Conference proved disappointing. The Civil Disobedience Congress started the ‘Movement again. : Gandhi protested against, separate ' for the Depressed Classes. On went on a fast unto ‘a settlement Known. Dproke fast electorates 20 September, he death, It resulted as the Poona P 1 26 September. The in act, Gandhi Movement Was suspended: get wepenater Events: 1 ate at) vidual Satyagral Jaunched Individual re sidehisyygvernent continued Group outCan Wa Beales hive the 1 the Least and the Lewes between the jon took s sea, Caras wen thre 1% —s™ by bringing Gan a miracle Cand Peal harmony In Kolkata by clapsed and died shortly after. THE GANDHIAN PATH: SATYAGRAHA, NON-VIOLENCE, SWADESHI AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Gandhi's basic ideas and the direction given by him to the national movement may be studied under four main heads: Satyagraha The word Satya means ‘means ‘effort or force’. Satyagraha stands for “the force bom of truth’. Gandhi defined it as “love-force or soul. force”. Gandhi's basic ideas on Satyagraha works vod from his study of the RS of Tolstoy (1828-1919), great Russian writer, as well as his study of the Hindu scriptures, The Satyagrahis nt thi « evildoers through ‘0 accept suffering ald "hel haiess Fire of ove. IF it dogg ‘truth’ and Ts anather form et ator ci eal Carll lait whieh ikl behave nce (Ahimsa) ane wined, Gandhi lovely. intert ence is the first article of my fy, also the last article of my creed peng ae A of an The vow of \himsa implic one must love those whom he be | Oppove tyranny but 8 to be unjust, “Oy hurt the tyrant.” Non-violence istinguished igs tee on noncvoire not of the weak, He said, “I woutg have India resort to arms her honour than that she sh cowardly manner become helpless victim to her own dis trong t rathe, 10 deteng hould in remain ; honour, Swadeshi According to Mahatma Gandhi, s, has three dimensions: Political and economic In the sphere-of economics, Swadesh means that we should Use Only those things which are produced countrymen within the borders of India, Gandhi launched Swadeshi Movement to Bet over poverty and unemployment in India. His attachment to village industries, i recially hadi (hand-woven cloth) was intense and deep, He moder compe industrialism should be replaced by small-scale production Hand-spun cloth, he Said, could provide employment to millions in India, desk main religious, by our Suggested that pics ate be know was to powers suppres Rowlat to the (i) ar witho of the was | andyp THE NON, NN MOVEMENT «ss ¢ art0) nent of India Satvagray ht ; of any if ving Parliament. System ny but Reyer © should be British authorities vir promise to introduce th 2 ent in India. cas sovern ould rather agatt Act, 1919 to defend 19 at of a Sedition Committee, ould in a [yb (tice Rowatt two bite were zensinla ty Jape Central Legislature in moma sii These ‘Black Bills’ came to (27 ye Rowilatt Act. The object pean overnment extraordinary —— ave cen and arrest $0 2S o cligious, 8." national movement. The a fee enormous powers those | We search a place, and y oe ee they disapproved of ‘India. abot warrant. TWO other ugly features el etatt Act were that (@) the trial satin abbebeld in camera, ity the public stries, _séenewspapermen were not allowed J was isin the trial, and (b) there could that ‘+m appeal against court's judgement. gould §—_eHnawn description of the Rowlatt sd éathat time was: No Dalil, No Vakil, wide dpa, ie, no pleas, no lawyer, NO pal public He al day, the hack Ae th response to € remarkable, Althoug! Sarva fa en the people bo fematn sutetip aia disturbance strictly non ances broke ut in a few ph thi, Gujarat and Punjab espe =The Jallianwala Bagh Traged “Amritsar had observed a hart on April 6 and complete peace was m A ‘On 10th April two. prominent leader De. Satpal and Di Kitchlew, were unnecessarily deported from Amsat - lar ofthe Memoria! The Central Jallianwala Bagh constructed atamp. People Proclamations je SS tise world 1919 a Public meeting to, 9 Utica eget ot ae ondee Te ae jatar maovermen vaerende nad Spat Turk fer Wee Treaty ‘sultan by the. backe of au iecatestad Cent nae By ooa TE ET the tape, alfa OF 1 es ae Kil ish GaP oma AT territor SP than T the congested lanes of e™® General Dyer without’ vaming Opencd fire up peaceful crowd and conn firing on them until ah ammunition i eal a es . ~— ‘whic! socsape paral ort aaah 2 eaters the residence According tothe offical figures, some p ee People marched towards Whe fest hundred people were killed ang qh | Wont of the Deputy Commissio vr tmroleaders. The two hundred wounded. But th sbout the detention of the 1 Cong ihe i “to fring which Inquiry Committee put the figure of we mounted police resorted dead not less than 1,000, General Dyer, Miolent. Five Europeans dead pape my made the mob vicl‘he Town Hall and this, as he himself proudly declared ne Comm Bi paafat nd aif the cau Apr ners 0 aE oth Skt Gandhi 54 igh Hind unljvised the K licy of sovernment . startec were th or into the whole of the Py burt strike terra ae ildings were bu! other public bu ign ampaie. progra cement includ the government ‘councils, (iii) re {iv) refusal to joi of ndia demand powers which t Jost should be Dyer acquired international notoriety Significance for the Jalianwala Massacre. Indians The Khilafat \ asked for the punishment of General Minister David Cameron aaa over Dyer and the gui ofcers. And look at the people massacred at the punishment that was meted out to —e the guilty. The Government passed an Indemnity Act to provide protection to the officers, Thoug the Congress Cooperation David Cameron called the massacre "a had any mov pi igh Dyer was removed deeply shameful event in the British Support of so fom his post, he was rewarded with history” during his visit to the Memorial money contributed from Englishmen, in 2013tish Prime Minis Wie NOR CORN aanane of the RHITAEAL pr Pate () resignation 08. nt pent services (i) boyeou of sore efunal to pay tanes 4nd Go Ge) retusa a pe E omigcance ofthe Khitafat Ntovernent rau he amy The NUNSTNS + ent that the eFFTOFIS he Sattar, of Turkey had ann J be restored to im Bee Nruafat Movement exercised great ve ‘Muslin masses. Later Be Congress also. launc IGeyeration Movement wement received the willing Hindus and ie over the Jyed the Now Never befor apport of so many people Phciims alike, The Khilafat Movement enivibuted to a sense of national wally weld at Kath wore tution A Re ovennent sper ‘edt ae Tamelly Fated UNE Ae Congest aU NORD owt Nareconperation eaoperate with the evil Gard rahest i Toveig ROoverNmed Tre Nom Cooperation Movement Uk te actiiove the the okt statins Gi) praising Hhove Praja, avec (i) attatTing at to eae aver Then ‘abjectives (i) TEROETIR Cabo Sultan of Turkey ity of atyoeition 1 aj toe Wh Year Gama promised ‘Swara) Mh Ove Weis programe was fully plement Xt Programme of the Non-Cooperation Movement TheNon-Cooperation Movement laurieWy anit should Bove becau 8007 co) Rabindranath Tagore ang ge MO senply Peas ae axes renounced te es a ty | ef Tred as “badges of slavery” © | Asie es ance regards Wales. visite mn fa Prince of sited ng os SEN ot November 1921. On the day he uity | ggg Was a8 joverber 1921, On the day be a pumibai (November 17) the ity pte oF yrONBS tt of BOE of Be Mumm ete hartal, Wherever he were etet | Be ceie WrO EE htec eges (0) he POV Ges. ane Srected with hartals and demongee ere {ra colege®, OY) ae ol prectes ‘ Te) as and included 1 ete ‘lve o wer on Pata Lajpat Rai, Motilal Nehru, jaya ep au programme yest the i chat hw and many other prominent igual | Syl say At Oey pati ee) encraliek Nebel mene oer Prone rae ee im Unity, of Swadesh, had been 2 vever, was not in ot s (a) Hind Mi nation of Stantel; er however, Was not in ja oe soe Bex Gracey, © promotion eo : ee home-spun toxicating j Chaura Incident onal oth and ( drinks. For a year or two the movement yp, fiercely throughout the country. ont February 1922a clash took place at ch Chaura, a small town in the distaa Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. A police ofgc% over whl ional move beaten some volunteers picket palit casants; ae aoa eerie pean, | Sule Prmoneved that had gathered there went to the poise x3den people: station. The mob set fire to the poli op ote in the station with some twenty-two policeme, Pf all cast inside it. Gandhi was greatly shocked Ne eed Gandl such a turn of events. He realised tha, — Move a) the country was not yet ready for a non. ea Fr ere violent struggle. Moreover suchincdens | ower 204 could spread to other regions as well, Governing in cess of the Britis! sections Suspension of the Non-Cooperation | a loss of fait Movement ‘emment. TH: The Movement evoked a hearty response Movement ae Baers throughout the country. Mahatma Gandhi suspended the law. of Bee ous as (i) The fist elections under the Act of reaking part of the Movement and asied cic Pimee OPE eA Congressmen to give all their attention'h ee os Reser ee is constructive sogriiine/ ic Raia ad courage fig contest i, of Untouchability, Hindu-Muslim Unity made people mie ee: arbor ves ute and the use of the hand-woven cloth. On courted arrest Practice included such eminent per 3 10 March, 1922 Gandhi was arrested for Taal 5c o sing section Horeas ce al to six years’ imprisonment. Gandhi was released after two years because of failing health, ii) Lakhs of spinning wheels were distributed t0 popularise hand-woven doth, Pudents left educationalinsttutions _ The Suspension of the Movement gave owned or aided by Goy n emment. It was _ 8teat dissatisfaction to many Congressmen Hing tea ouch institutions as Jamia CR Das. and Motilal Nehru protested Millia and the Kashi Vidya Pee against the Resolution of the Working started Committee. Subhas Bose called it “8 th wereTaged ma Police a8 i that law- asked noval Unity 2. On d for was ailing gave yawaharlal also felt id not have been have ance ofthe Movement off and the ‘responsive as dane to the people of fed. Neither was the ct, it would be re Sunder quickly every where These are regarded Jagmement provided a 9 out posit ee prraelly sitive achieven : re ments, Fact, Non-Cooperatior 6 th at at eration wastliatiie Movers ‘ ; fement set the scen ras first practised inf ani evolved @ programme 1 mobilise ot goverment workers, jasses, women and tale ae the masses in ‘Al sections of lawyers, ea a sore i Could. nOW actively moa peels ruggle for freedom. in the e reeds and regions sheir leader. undermined the the British gig all caste re we Gandhi as 8 goverment Ed prestige of It could «1 in the country. There was sn the present system of ed je wanted to get rid a The British officials were ‘The Movement patriotic. They police brutalities determined 1 4 the Oppressed: 4 promotion became the sacle the Poor a” ‘nolof untouchability an ‘di (hand-woven. cloth) ‘ci igols of Gand te British rule, Pi vs omestic spinning, wheels) ‘5 Message of the Swadesh spread jor Hindw- \du-Muslim Unity. Never before had any mov fement received the willing, support of so many 'y people, the Hindus and the Muslims alike. ‘ ee, & Satyagraha and Sie Coe dren eCoares Rane ec Stberstive mecmly but an gained Tee ee Jawaharlal Nehru described Non- Mergpention ae "a peaceful rebelion, @ most civilised form of warfare, and yet dangerous to the stability of the state” SWARAJ PARTY AND ITS WORK ‘The suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement caused a strange dullness i the Congress camp. Gandhi was If jail ‘and the Khilafat agitation wa5 also subsiding, “There was much argument amongst the Congress leaders about the next step. TRE Congressmen ied by CR Ds and Motilal Nehru were of the view that legislatures should no longer Pe boycotted. They: eiore, came 0 be Known as “PLO” / Sardar Rajendra Prasad Change! ‘and others, on the 4, felt that Congressmer from outside the Councils:members, 47 were 1925 the Swa succeeded in having Vithalbhai Patel elected as President Central Legislative Assembly Demon Inscribed m4 Dever ted the Council ‘ 1, Immediately after , " "oi araj Party within the re B Das was its President and iol Nehru, ite Secretary. The Sw a of the gor Phe Blections of 1923 and 1926 In the elections of 1923 the Swarajists secured a considerable number of seats in ‘every Provincial legislature. In the Central Legislative Assembly out of 105. elected ajsts. In August ajists ker) of the CR Das men attention of the Government They missed no op entering the legislatures sivas a political platform 10 THE SIMON COMMasg, The Purpose of the Comm Act of 1919 had prove” appointment of a Commiss into the working of the Refor by it. Accordingly, John Simon as P: e seven members all British. All parties in Indi against the all-British compos Reaction against th Mumbai on 3rd Febru, injure vee tala Lai 1928 mnder Taal, pe Bare Ue Rai endation comme eee as! pa mission Go. Its four ion co Pro a Fderato pritish India and ought to BE set 7 It was states Council (the Cal responsible to po 4. Commun Muslims was All. political Report as pat the Nehru Re Disobedience important offs Commission's iM oe Parti Mumbai inOF the Mg ine lice ith Sip ointed Were tested of the 1 in t day vugrout tl ; fi etup tamale) an ost Prince yi Ne country rang "4, ‘ fo Back”, Of the Hemonstration: 1928 ‘and. ¢ ns 4) Octob The Rep an baipat a rey a British Fundam pedi, which he could aibitenry om ies f Id arbitrary area : arrest, searches qtr eto™ fi mt Rais death on 1 shock waves proving gee Ces shall be on [eerBanisat rie et halle Gn Winger Ne Neh Report et baa ugust, 1955 NaS Submit 1928. Mahatma Gonany Report te: me sa me of the JOE eee Ber generation in the Cement, Police Officer: Pre Coe responsible for the 10 po 82S Mater shot dead by Bhagat Singh considered the big achievement 0 by Jawaharlal Neh se b cae warlal Nehru ai ea ae “sie {simon demanded ‘Complete teat Poe PP sso submitted its Report now a prominent leader of the Musing Cot for Muslims in the: ze oe cfigen upand the ths Henealland and Comma Councils should be slot pould b gslativ re representing both the incely States, was 8 jo A and the Pri Pp be set UP. he oe pote tthat Viceroy’s Executive st ve cabine!) could not be made 2 opopulatly ‘elected legislature. tion for the sical parties condemned the ot = pattal ‘and inadequate. But it ® Poort and later the wil Hee Movement were _ two side-effects) of Simon sated ‘ext fishoots ( (oission’s recommendations. THE NEHRU REPORT Urrtis Conference was held at Idi May, 1928. The Conferene™ biti a Committee, with Pandit ‘aiNehm as the Chairman, t0 frame ‘Gsittion for India. TeReport recommended @ FederalOn March 12, 1939 DR AND REASONS FOR 4 IMSTANCES LEADIN' DISOBEDIENCE cIRcU TO THE CIVIL MOVEMENT ding Reaction Commission and be’ Denth of Lala Lajpat Rai: The seven Anger born out of recommendation that the 1 could not be Jature and the British. Moreover, Commission's Viceroy made responsible to Central Le fatal blows inflicted on Lala Lajpat Rai filled the whole nation with great anger The Civil Disobedience Movement and owed much the demand for Purna Sw to this emotional trouble. The Nehru Report: Nehru’s Report had declared that India’s immediate objective should be the attainment of Dominion Status’. A Dominion meant a Self-governing country which was part of the British Commonwealth. Canada was an instance of a nation having Dominion The Congress at its Kolkata Session 8) resolved to launch a campaign of Non-Cooperation, including non-payment of taxes, if the Nehru Report was not accepted by 31 December, 1929. ee iandhi along with 78 fy 78 followers left the Sabarmati A Vice 's Declaration o (Ind titutional Indian leaders felt happy at th ful gesture. But inted. The Brit to India. Gai Viceroy on {Lahore Session and the Dy hi and other le for Purna Independence: Cong: firm assurance as to Status to India. Inste definite assurance, anting announced that a Round Table C. ofall partes would be held in Lan discuss the recommendations of the Commission. The announcement fel). aithe expectations of the Conse is Lahore Session, presided over Jawaharlal Nehru in December, 1939, 42 Cpe pea ahaa ee the Kound Table Conference. lt decians *Purna Swaraj’ (Complete Independen, as its goal and took steps to launch programme of Civil Disobedience. Ps. Swaraj Day was celebrated all over ing on 26th January, 1930. zm shram, wendin cond to Dandi, Seventy some salt | Gandhi's cammpal ‘yas a signal to res en Civil Disobedi {) defiance of liquor, (iii) bo British Goods payment of | Movement wicivil DISOBEDIENCE S(OVEMENT-OF 1930 j March 43.1930. Gandhi wrote a long Yiceroy, communicating his wa the Civil Disobedience jan Mahatma ae nd, a village on the Gujarat veenty-eight persons followed Gandhi advanced others x. party. He reached Dandi on ‘On the morning of 6th of April violated the salt-laws by picking «salt left by the sea-waves. -ampaign against the, sal a] to disobey. ¢ Programme of the Movement yisabedience campaign involved we of salt laws, (ii) boycott of boycott of foreign cloth and “Cooperation-Movement-in-the. it also involved non-| and land-revenue and violation of laws af different kinds. _ The Progress or Course of the Movement Gandhi’s march from village to village oods of all kinds, and (iv) non- eit cayment of taxes. Civil Disobedic tay, = i apedienss vas we | “Movement was different-from-the-SON including nom payment _of taxes_ covering a distance of nearly 200 miles attention of the people ‘ainly salt-laws fully well that attracted serious “Gandhi had selected _ ms ‘as his target, knowing falttax affected all sections of society, specially the poor. Tegal manufactury Sfrealt and violation of other laws took place on a grand scale. In U.P, Gujarat farmers refused to pay the land-revenue. In Madhya Pradesh and to cut down ‘Maharashtra people began timber in defiance of the forest laws. Tn the North-West Frontier Province Abdul Ghaffar Khan, known as Frontier Gandhi > had.organised.a.x4 Sr siet an = Kluudai Khidmatgars (the Servants of Gos), so called the ‘Red Shirts’ anti-government and Bengal the They were al They started a fierce ayment of taxes. Thousands of women picketed the shops selling, foreign cloth and liquor. Gandhi was arrested on 4 May, 1930. Jawaharlal al Guan Aba J Qerneck nav[Bh ston 2 tis aviya, Khan Netw, Macon Mohan, Malet et [Asdl Ghaifar Khan ane oer Po feaders had already bee = .¢ First Round Table Conference (Fhe First Round Table Conference was held in London from 16 November, 1930 to 19 January, 1931. The Congress boycotted the Conference. Other parties were represented by several eminent leaders like Sapru, Jinnah and Aga Khan. The British government was unwilling fo grant Dominion Status. Moreover, 2 Conference without the Congress looked like an empty show. It was, therefore, decided to call a Second Round Table Conference. indhi-Irwin Pact and the Suspension of the Movement As a first step to bring about an understanding between the Congress and the Government, Gandhi and members of the Congress Working Committee were released on 26 January 1931. Gandhi wanted peace, but with honour. The Government also wanted peace, but without trouble. Under such circumstances, the famous Gandhi Irwin Pact was signed on 5th March, 1931. The Governor-General agreed vif to Poo Political Prisoners except those Builty pee (W/o give back to the men their confiscated properties, Git!) to permit peaceful Picketing of Tae and foreign cloth guch people as live manufacture Salt. Mahge eed to suspend the Civit © He also agi agreed 4y Sak ee The Bath oe Pe epmceal nae true representative of the Inga mp Vicor oy second Round Table Confe, chosen ore the Gandhi _ spresentative of the C J representat oe Second Round Table Conferent & mmber to Ist December, yg 6 er sted ember, 1931) Smal are re ‘of _minorities—the Muslims, Jidian Chuistians and Angostadan legislatures,-both-at_the Centre (fherrevinces=Gandbicas qa aea find that-most leaders seemed cons’ only about-sealsin legislatures ee ge respective communities. (The ue of Independence _or_of Setting yp Responsible Government receded in. background. Gandhi retumed “emp, ‘handed” to India. He could not pers the British or even the, Dominion. S soso ay CIvi _ RENEWAL) DISOBEDIENCE MOV! IN 1932 [ENT sn | poor na | Gt aid save 4 buildings were o Congress. estim 18 99 000 P33, Police m 9 ctv paljoward an pact 2 the Pr he his 4 ‘Awa Ds munal jai constitue onging to the ‘would be 70 The Pact resolved # ‘Hindu community lence The Third Roun in London fron yuspension and Me x Soon after his return from England Gand sought an interview with the new Vice Lord Willingdon. It was refused. On 4 January, 1932 Gandhifi was arrested. Te Congress adopted a resolution for He renewal of Civil Disobedience Movemet The Civil Resisters hoisted Congress fe over government buildings, manufactu= salt and boycotted British goods. Cong was declared as an unlawful organisatio®re his “Award! known ni Award, Accord Vepresentation was 10 be ee ruslims, Sikhs, Indian dians Minister ae Europeans, et el Clauses were assigned a 1c to be filled by election Soe constituencies in which rc gt the depresed lasses mi vote i diding up the Hindu 5 iI and he was very os ts thle aed pe untied Oe ewes 1007 for the Depressed Classes but fo te eet eecorain be 0 oe oat Pr atoc re mpedxat, the PP 4 Classes, ere 4 pact community on and the End of the Civil ce Movement Table Conference sat Biein fom _ 17 Novena mw Feamber, 1932. The Congress was nO, & is exercise. Mahatma Gandhi “4 from prison in May 1933 ¢ Movement was In August 1993 Individual Civil the Third Round pany to th was release The Civil Disobedier suspended temporarily. Gandhiji started the Disobedience Campaign, but after some tne te campaign faded away. In April it the Movement was wound UP Gandhi now devoted all his energy t0 opposing untouchability in all its forms ind practices, He argued that Hindus cryin MOVEMENT epersion of the Mavernent Sayer hte vy oie irs peuple were not si slibiwed The Mfavement caused athe Staton inh onl He re Twa arc ‘Second, the € aa vinced that bol is were now essential, The Government of Inde ‘het, 1935 introduced the Federal principle ‘and the principle of Provincial Autonomy ie, Responsible Government provinces. Third, the struggle effect upon the Ife of the exploited, the poor, and the oppressed. The ant untouchability campaign produced the Uesived effect, The depressed classes were given entry into the schools, temple Balls which had been denied to, theny until now ld Fourth, the Movement brought worven in large numbers out of their homens They prevented people from buying foreign cloth and liquor. In Nagaland Rani Gaidiliew ted an anticotontal revolt. Boycott of foreign cloth andl British wood effeet on country’ hada healthy and goods also had a f ‘economy, Fifth, violence as a potitical weaPee ceased to have much impact on the youth of India because of G andhi’s preachings Of non-violence. However, revolutiontry rovement did not completely de out /ntya Bhakt ber ‘Decer ‘Shaukat C that the Comm sress Socialist Baty pela ‘thin the Congress In 1934 the Soin alist Party. Those formed the Congress Social Patwardhan, Ashok Mehta, SNormation of the Congress and Bande Mataram on theit lips ceist Party was hailed by Jawaharlal Nin and Subhas Bose. The Congress Martyrdom of Bhagat Singh and Saints did not wreck the COSTS Others they functioned within the Congress. Unlike the Communists, they admired Gandhi and his passion for social justice On 8 April, 1929 Bhagat Singh ang Batukeshwar Dat threw bombs in the Assembly Chamber, New Delhi. They also dropped from the visitors’ gallery THE REVOLUFIONARY fe Fei ot the Red Pamiphinte i MOVEMENT was killed. They said their aim was not Despite Gandhi's preachings of non- to kill but “to make deaf hear”. Bhagat violence, evolutionary activities continued. Singh stood trial in the Lahore Conspiracy Case also for the murder of Saunders at Lahore in 1928. In that case Sukhdev and 925 Ram Prasad Bismil, Rajguru also stood as accused. Whereas Roshan Laland others stopped _Batukeshwar Dutt was acquitted, Bhagat 4 train near Kakori (in Uttar Pradesh) Singh, Sukhdev Kakori Conspiracy fase On 9 Augu and Rajguru were by pulling alarm chain. They entered sentenced to death. Hanging of Bhagat fe tae hartment where iron-chests Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev early in 1%31 The vain mment money were kept, caused a great stir among the people. gla waries needed money to sand prepare th Kakor ase our era he bombs. Inthe The Death of Chandfasekhar Azad for life and four, inctudine eee ig Ram Fy On 27 February, 1931 Chandrasekhar Bismiland Ashfaqulla, were hanveg 2°82 ‘MaPPened to be in Alfred Park a anged. They Allahabad. ‘The police gurrolne omation of = Students left of the Movement Impact because all se (i) Undermined patriotic, (iv) P Untouchability Jawaharlal Ne > Swaraj Party 2 should no lor Party aimed | Considerable 1925, the Government 3 The Simon ¢ Commissioane = Begg s3g 94253 if dsiet pit MEYG! P= @ @ er short Answer Questions 2 Masks each Wey ay emphasis on Swadesh Mis launched by Gandhi against Betis ‘Popular indignation? ny en oF Ne Rowland wire any ve prcnio of ha ROW A Ae jo ae Rowsatt Act eee? or je Rowlatt Act at the Rowlatt Act of 19197 fact What did General Dyst 2° object of th Inn's reaction agai viamwala Bagh tragedy occ otto ok public meeting? Ment prompted’ Gandhi to launch the N Committee formed in 1919? Or fe Klulafat Movement launched? prominent leaders of the Kia vee of the Khilafat Movement? 2 ponitive ane negative Programme of the Nom-Cooperss os the without vr the Tal apes «as he POS Wi oc one teat OC ch of the wento ation Movernent? snd the Non-Cooper we-Cooperation Movement P shee Marre utl BE “vement Movet a Gandhi susPe why or way did the No awa ogranisation? Congres the Non-Coopers How aid pold? ahem DOR yen was the Simen c India react '© appoints? oe simon Commission? somnission tment of Si the appoint or aby the Congress? ‘Commission. 3 Mention one 24, Who was Knowsurwetured Questions rhe Con pan resatved ON poate, He th fallow ‘ Movement wat we te preon voment on Ath February, 10 vt the Movement {ie other Hoaltive Achievements (Kimaneipation of the Poor and the Oppress 4 Hiv Mtsiny Unity) With whew weribe briefly the of Civil Disobestionce Movenvent inv 1980) wy the fallowing points ceanises that leat to the against the Simon Commission Session of the Congress ity 1929 andl adoption of Parva Swara) as the Swntey Was aOR With excitement Over the Civil Disobedionce Movement nee by th Ne Congress 1 1880, Ih Uhis content briefly describe the following w Dandi March Ay describe the following’ We of the Movement Oe vat rygroaamven reacted! to Gandhi's decison wwe Neanee of he Non-Cooperation Movement fay Wer tpn the : a nna OF «@ though ration Movement broke dowry: it gave people a bi ot Nc pare 40 fal fox freedom, Devcrtbo the Impact of the Ne ol canteeauon Movement oF 1900-22 unter the fotkows ty Aeon A Guid Prova! a grat Nationa Base to the Cong 1) Underinsthe Power anal Prtige of the Governmentind Round Table Conferen 0 ee eal of Civil Di 0) tft upon the life of tape are hs : : oppressed aver the questions based on the picture given here: wes ame the place where this Memorial was built ) The Memorial reminds people of what tragic event? i; ent Give a brief account of that disastrous event and | ‘ther brutalities that followed it ss Name the two popular leaders who were arrested. and deported before this event i answer the questions based on the picture given here: «) Identify the Great Leader shown in the picture (o) What event is the picture related to? (g, In what way did the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 differ from the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920? A Guide: Refer to the Programmes of the two movements