GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press

Sarissa, Toponym and Personal Name

Author(s): J. D. Hawkins
Source: Orientalia, NOVA SERIES, Vol. 79, No. 2, Studi di Ittitologia in onore de Alfonso
Archi (2010), pp. 171-176
Published by: GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43077907
Accessed: 05-03-2020 13:40 UTC

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms

GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and
extend access to Orientalia

This content downloaded from 194.27.232.12 on Thu, 05 Mar 2020 13:40:21 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
 171

Sarissa, Toponym and Personal Name

(Tab. XXI-XXII)

J. D. Hawkins

The Toponym

The site of Kuçakli some 50 km. south-west of Sivas has been the sub-
ject of highly productive excavations for 12 seasons, 1993-2004, by Andreas
Müller-Karpe. Already in the second season, the discovery of tablet frag-
ments including cult inventories and part of the Festritual of the cit
Sarissa, known from the Bogazköy archives ( CTH 636), suggested that this
might be the ancient name of Kuçakli, as was tentatively proposed by Wil-
helm1. Support for this came from the simultaneous discovery of a jar frag
ment bearing a seal impression with a Hieroglyphic inscription read sa5+
ri/a-à-sà rex by Neumann2. While at the time this could have been taken
as a personal name, subsequently two further jar fragments were discovered
with Hieroglyphic impressions read sa5+ri-sà urbs rex, "King of the city
Sarissa", by Müller-Karpe3. It is the reading of the Sarissa-Hieroglyph
(L.303, L.104) and their further occurrences which I wish to examine here
and I have much pleasure in dedicating this small study to my old friend
Alfonso Archi.
Thus the reading of the Hieroglyphic jar sealing impressions has
served to confirm the evidence of the Kuçakli tablets that this is indeed the
site of Sarissa known from references in the Bogazköy texts4. If further
circumstantial support were needed, it may be found in the discovery of a
stele showing a god mounted on a stag receiving a libation from a human
figure. This was found in August 2001 by Müller-Karpe' s team in the cem-

1 G. Wilhelm, "Die Tontafelfunde der 2. Ausgrabungskampagne 1994 in Kuçakli",

MDOG 127 (1995) 37-42, esp. 39 f.
2 G. Neumann apud Müller-Karpe, "Untersuchungen in Kuçakli 1992-94", MDOG 127
(1995) 5-36, esp. 22-25.
3 A. Müller-Karpe, "Untersuchungen in Ku§akli 2001", MDOG 134 (2002) 331-351,
esp. 335 f.
4 G. F. del Monte - J. Tischler, Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der hethitischen Texte
(RGTC 6; Wiesbaden 1978) 5. v. Šariša; G. F. del Monte, Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der
hethitischen Texte (RGTC 6/2; Wiesbaden 1992) s. v. Šariša.

This content downloaded from 194.27.232.12 on Thu, 05 Mar 2020 13:40:21 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
 172 J. D. Hawkins

etery of Altinyayla some 16

Museum5. I have argued that
the Anatolian plateau by Tud
of the Stag-God, which is re
KUB II 1, which lists "all the
of his consort Ala, numberin
This list includes the "Stag-
texts record a "Mount Sarissa
of the Upper Land, which Hi
stele should mark the proxim
to a suggestion of Müller-K
rising to over 2000 m. south-

The reading of L.30

I have briefly considered

EMÍRGAZÍ9, where I pointed
recognizably misdrawn as L
The readings by Neumann a
Kuçakli jar sealings, L.303, as sa5+ri/ a-à- and sa5+ri- go back to
Laroche10, who read it sa5+r. He knew it from three occurrences, on two
bullae, TARSUS 42d (see now Mora, Glittica IX.5.2) and ALAÇA seal 1
{Glittica VI. 2), and a seal Paris-LOUVRE, Cat. A 1049 ( Glittica III. 1.1a).
His reading shows that he analysed the sign as composed of two elements,
L.327, the "seal", sa5 , and its long curved tail as L.383, ra/ ri. Support for
the phonetic value came from the TARSUS bulla where he was able to
identify the Hier, (veau) sa5+r-ku with Cun. sarkus (amar.nita)11. The
name on the ALAÇA bulla and LOUVRE seal would then read Sarawa , a
name attested from the Kültepe period12.

5 A. Müller-Karpe, "Die Stele von Altinyala - ein neues Relief der Hethitischen Gross-
reichszeit", in: M. Özdogan - H. Hauptmann - N. Baçgelen (ed.), From Villages to Towns.
Studies presented to Ufuk Esin (Istanbul 2003) 313-318.
6 J. D. Hawkins, "Tudhaliya the Hunter", in: T. P. J. van den Hout (ed.), The Life and
Times of Hattušili III and Tuthaliya IV Proceedings of a Symposioum held in Honour of
J. de Roos, 12-13 December 2Õ03 , Leiden (PIHANS 103; Leiden 2006) 49-76.
7 G. McMahon, The Hittite State Cult of the Tutelary Deities (AS 25; Chicago 1991) 96,
120 with n. 170.
8 Hawkins, in: Fs. de Roos 63.
9 J. D. Hawkins, The Hieroglyphic Inscription of the Sacred Pool Complex at Hattusa
(StBoT Bh. 3; Wiesbaden 1995) 99.
WHH no. 327.11.
11 E. Laroche, "Etudes sur les Hiéroglyphes Hittites. 4 - Les sceaux de Tarsus" Syria 35
(1958) 258.
12 E. Laroche, Les noms des Hittites (Etudes linguistiques 4; Pans 1966) no. 1113.

This content downloaded from 194.27.232.12 on Thu, 05 Mar 2020 13:40:21 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
 Sarissa, Toponym and Personal Name 173

Laroche did not however recognize an occurrence of this si

EMÍRGAZÍ 1 (§ 26 - my numbering), which he listed unrecognizabl
drawn as L.303, based on Hrozný's more (but not completely) accur
dering13, and with him misinterpreted as "tenailles". It was Emilia
who identified the sign form on EMÍRGAZÍ in her edition14 by com
with the other examples listed by Laroche and maintaining th
literation sa5+ra/i , though her interpretation of the word ren
sarezzi , "upper" (Hittite only) was clearly incorrect.
For convenience we maintain the Laroche numeration L.303, un
which, in addition to the EMÍRGAZÍ 1 occurrence we include the e
collected by Laroche under L.327 (TARSUS 42d, ALAÇA seal 1,
LOUVRE Cat. A 1049) and the Ku§akli jar sealing examples, also the new
occurrences collected below. We should note here that Meriggi listed the
LOUVRE and TARSUS examples of L.303 under his no. 419 and
EMÍRGAZÍ (misdrawn) under his 292a15. Both these numbers should thus
be entered in the lists as equating to L.303. For transliteration however,
while the first part of the sign certainly resembles the "seal" sa5 , the attach-
ment can in no way be equated with ra/ i (see further below). Yet a pho-
netic value sar(a/i) seems assured by the equation Hier. L303-ku =
Cun. sarku-; L.303 -wa/i = PN Sarawa' and L.303-SÓ = topopnym Sarissa.
Thus pending a fuller understanding of the sign, we transliterate sara/ l

Sarisa seals

So accepting the writing sara/i- sà (urbs) on the Kuçakli jar sealing

as rendering the ancient name of the site as Sarissa , I would now d
attention to further writings of this name on seals, but apparently as a
sonal name, not toponym. From Koruçutepe an impression on a bulla sho
SARA/i-sà , probably with nothing else although there is possible space f
lost sign on the right, behind the pair16. Then a hammer seal of unkn
provenance in the Borowski Collection bears a very clear saraU-sù flank
by bonus2 and vita17. Poetto commenting (p. 37) identifies the second

13 B. Hrozný, Les Inscriptions Hittites Hiéroglyphiques , vol. III (Prague 1937) 417 wi
n. 8; cf. pl. LXXVII 1.5.
14 E. Masson, "Les Inscriptions Louvites Hiéroglyphiques d'Emirgazi", Journal de
Savants 1979, 44-47.
15 P. Meriggi, Hieroglyphisch-hethitisches Glossar. Zweite, völlig umgearbeitete Auf
(Wiesbaden 1962) 236, 225.
16 H. Ertem, Koruçutepe I (TTKY V.42; Ankara 1988) 10 f. nr. 14 = C. Mora, La glit
anatolica del II millennio a.C.: Classificazione tipologica , Vol 1: I sigilli a iscrizione g
glifica , suppl. (StudMed 6; Pavia 1990) IIb. 2. 12.
17 M. Poetto - S. Salvatori, La Collezione Anatolica di E. Borowski (StMed. 3; Pavi
1981) no. 32 = Mora, Glittica IIb. 1.5.

Oriental ia - 12

This content downloaded from 194.27.232.12 on Thu, 05 Mar 2020 13:40:21 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
 174 J. D. Hawkins

as "parendo la testa d'un ucc

yet in the context a form of
ence of bonus2 and vita presu
A name Sarisa has not yet be
occurs several times in Old As
individuals18. A connection be
uncertain19.
Two Middle Euphrates texts
showing a caprid, one with a
other two horns with the same device attached to each20. The seal C19 has
the title rex. Filius, "prince", as does C18 with additionally another name
TONiTRus-tá-w/ rex. Filius21 (fin. 21). C18 has further a Cun. epigraph iden-
tifying the impression as na4.kišib lmar-ia-an-ni dumu ,du -ma-na-ad-du,
"seal of Marianni son of Tarhuntamanaddu". Clearly the seal owner in both
cases has the name written with the gazelle + device; the second name
added on CI 8 is, as usual on two-name seals, unexplained but doubtless had
some connection with the seal owner.
Laroche, who drafted an edition of the Hieroglyphic inscriptions of the
Meskene seals, but died before bringing it to publication, read the gazelle +
device name as Panasa 22, splitting the "device" into pa (L.334) above the
horn, +na (L.35) below the horn, and sà (L.104, the gazelle). Gonnet how-
ever was clearly correct in recognizing the "device" as a form of L.303
(sara//) with the gazelle as sà , though she could not at that date extract a
meaningful reading from the combination (sà-sara/i or sara/i-sà). Only
the appearance of the Ku§ali jar sealings in 1994 and 2001 pointed clearly
to the reading Sarisa .
Thus these two Middle Euphrates seals provide further examples of a
seal owner bearing the name Sarisa , here entitled "Prince". What is Mar-
ianni son of Tarhuntamanaddu doing using seals of Prince Sarisa? Actually
at Emar cases of persons using seals bearing names other than their own
are quite common, as pointed out by Singer23, in whose list of seal bor-

18 G. Barjamovic, personal communication; cf. K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewässernamen

der altassyrischen Zeit (RGTC 4; Wiesbaden 1991) s. v. *Sarisa.
19 Cf. the observation of Wilhelm, MDOG 127, 41.
20 D. Arnaud - H. Gonnet, Textes Syriens de l'Age du Bronze Récent (Aula Orientalis -
Supplementa I; Barcelona 1991) 12-1 A, nos. 37, 38; seals, 203 f. and pl. IV = D. Beyer,
Emar IV. Les Sceaux (OBO 20; Göttingen 2001) 160 f. nos. Cl 8, C19.
21 Beyer, Emar IV, correcting Gonneťs reading tonitrus -tà-mi-[ki'.
22 Laroche apud Beyer, Emar IV.
23 1. Singer, "Borrowing Seals at Emar", in: J. Goodnick Westenholz (ed.), Seals and
Sealing in the Ancient Near East (Bible Lands Museum; Jerusalem 1995) 57-64.

This content downloaded from 194.27.232.12 on Thu, 05 Mar 2020 13:40:21 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
 Sarissa, Toponym and Personal Name 175

rowers Marianni appears as no. 22, though Singer lists the seal owne
TONiTRUS-tó-m/-/:[z ']. It is however now clear that the seal owner i
cases is "Panasa"-Sarisa, and that Marianni is using both seals sinc
tablets concern transactions involving him: seal C18 impressed on ta
ME 8424, the sale of a house by his servants; seal C19 on tablet ME 52
sale of a field by him himself. Furthermore both completed tabl
stated to have been placed in his tablet container ( "pisannu ). As
notes, the connection between the seal owner and seal user is seldom
parent. Here we can only conjecture that Marianni in using Prince S
seal may be using an heirloom, the seal of a distinguished forebe

L.303: revision of entries , sign form

We conclude by returning to the sign L.303, as now properly re

nized, under which heading the following attestations should be list

L.303

(1) L.303 -ku = Cun. sarku-

TARSUS no. 42d (Mora, Glittica IX. 5. 2)
(2) L.303 -wa/i, cf. Cun. PN Sarawa
(a) LOUVRE Cat. A 1049 (Mora, Glittica III. 1.1 a)
(b) ALACA seal 1 (Mora, Glittica V. 1.2)
(3) L.303-z//¿/, "?": EMÍRGAZÍ 1, §26
(4) L.303-SÓ (urbs) = Cun. [ÌR{jSarissa
KUSAKLI, Ku 93/67, Ku 01/15
(5) L.303-SÓ, cf. O. Ass. PN Šariša
(a) KORUÇUTEPE, seal no. 14 (Mora, Glittica , suppl. IIb.2.12)
(b) BOROWSKI, seal no. 32 ((Mora, Glittica IIb. 1.5)
(c) BEYER seal impressions CI 8, C19

The forms of the sign L.303 are as follows:

24 Arnaud-Gonnet, Textes Syriens de l 'Age du Bronze Récent, no. 37.

25 Ibid. no. 38.

This content downloaded from 194.27.232.12 on Thu, 05 Mar 2020 13:40:21 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
176 J. D. Hawkins

All are sinistroverse in im

(EMÍRGAZÍ, not a seal/imp
dextroverse).
As noted above, while a ph
the Cun. equivalents of 1 , 2a
like L.327, the "seal", sa5 , t
sometimes clearly rendered a
In all cases the sign can be s
noncommittally transcribed
which is not understood but
ifying adjective, thus accusat
sarinzii ??).
18A Ridgmoun
London WC1E 7 AR

England

This content downloaded from 194.27.232.12 on Thu, 05 Mar 2020 13:40:21 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
Tab. XXI J. D. Hawkins, Sarissa, Toponym and Personal Name

(4) KU§AKLI,Ku 01/15

(4) KUÇAKLI, Ku 93/67

(5a) KORUÇETEPE, seal no. 14

This content downloaded from 194.27.232.12 on Thu, 05 Mar 2020 13:40:21 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
J. D. Hawkins, Sarissa, Toponym and Personal Name Tab. XXII

(5b) BOROWSKI, seal no. 32

C 18

C 19

(5c) BEYER, seal impressions CI 8, C19

This content downloaded from 194.27.232.12 on Thu, 05 Mar 2020 13:40:21 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms