Total Quality Management Questions and Answers –

Objectives and Features of TPM

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This set of Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses
on “Objectives and Features of TPM”.

1. Which of the following is not a type of loss examined by TPM?

a) Down-time loss
b) Speed loss
c) Defect loss
d) Forecasting loss
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Downtime loss, speed loss, and defect loss are the different types of loss examined
by TPM. These are important to identify to improve equipment effectiveness.
2. TQM focuses on achieving autonomous maintenance.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
3. MP in Total Productive Maintenance refers to ______
a) Main program
b) Main part
c) Maintenance prevention
d) Major part
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: MP in Total Productive Maintenance refers to maintenance prevention. It is an aim
at moving towards zero maintenance. It is of utmost importance due to its impact on reducing
costs in production incurred by the organization.
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4. Breakdowns lead to long interruptions.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Breakdowns lead to long interruptions. They are considered as a loss that TPM tries
to eliminate. The repairs are also expensive and therefore breakdowns must be avoided.
5. Which of the following loss refers to the gradual deterioration in equipment cycle times?
a) Increased speed
b) Reduced speed
c) Maximum speed
d) Optimum speed
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The gradual deterioration in equipment cycle times is referred to as ‘reduced speed’
loss. It needs to be corrected by identifying potential causes of reduction in equipment cycle
time.
6. Which of the following is not a loss that TPM focuses on reducing?
a) Equipment breakdown
b) Defects and rework
c) Idling and minor stoppages
d) Optimized equipment cycle time
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Equipment breakdown, defects, reworks, idling and minor stoppages are some of
the losses that TPM focuses to reduce. Start-up losses, setup and changeover losses are also
accounted for by TPM.
7. Which of the following is not a goal shared by TPM?
a) Zero defects
b) Maximum productivity
c) Minimum productivity
d) Zero breakdowns
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Zero defects, maximum productivity, and zero breakdowns are the goals shared by
TPM. Everyone starting from the top management to the equipment operators is responsible for
equipment maintenance.
8. Which pillar of TPM focuses on routine maintenance?
a) Training and Education
b) Just-in-time
c) 5S
d) Autonomous maintenance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Autonomous maintenance focuses on routine maintenance. Routine maintenance
includes cleaning, lubricating, and inspection operations performed by the operators.
9. Which of the following is not an advantage of autonomous maintenance?
a) Sense of ownership in operators
b) Increases operator knowledge of equipment
c) Ensures clean and lubricated equipment
d) Demotes customer satisfaction
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Autonomous maintenance aims at bringing in a sense of ownership in operators. It
increases operator knowledge of equipment. It also ensures clean and lubricated equipment. It
enforces routine maintenance activities.
10. Which of the following loss refers to the equipment’s inability to get to steady state quickly
after a change?
a) Breakdown
b) Start-up loss
c) Defects and rework
d) Benchmarking
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Start-up loss refers to the equipment’s inability to get to steady state quickly after a
change. It is part of the six major losses identified by the total productive maintenance process.
11. Which of the following is the most reasonable time taken by an organization to implement
TPM?
a) Two days
b) Three years
c) Five days
d) Fifty years
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: TPM takes a minimum of two years on an average to be implemented successfully
in any organization. Two and five days are too less and fifty years is too much. So, three years is
a correct realization.
This set of Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “TPM Vs. TQM”.

1. TPM refers to ________

a) Total Point Maintenance
b) Total Part Maintenance
c) Total Productive Maintenance
d) Total Past Maintenance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: TPM refers to Total Productive Maintenance. It is an equipment
maintenance approach that aims at achieving perfect production.

2. Which of the following is not an interpretation of the term ‘perfect production’?

a) Production without any breakdown
b) Production without any defects
c) Production without any accidents
d) Production with 100% errors
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Production without any breakdown, production without any defects, and
production without any accidents are the interpretations of the term ‘perfect
production’. It is a concept that is utilized in Total Productive Maintenance.

3. ‘Total’ in Total Productive Maintenance refers to all the individuals in maintenance

and production working together.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: ‘Total’ in Total Productive Maintenance refers to all the individuals in
maintenance and production working together. TPM refers to the holistic approach of
aiming perfect production.

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4. Which of the following is not a tool used to implement and optimize TPM?
a) Employee empowerment
b) Census
c) Benchmarking
d) Documentation
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Employee empowerment, benchmarking, and documentation, are
examples of some of the tools used in TPM. These tools are also used in Total Quality
Management.

5. TPM aims at keeping the plant and the equipment at the highest production level.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: TPM aims at keeping the plant and the equipment at the highest
production level. It is achieved through cooperation between all the divisions of the
organization.

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6. TQM focuses on ______ and TPM focuses on ______

a) Equipment, Quality
b) Both on equipment
c) Quality, equipment
d) Statistics, Equipment
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: TQM focuses on quality and TPM focuses on equipment. Both of them
need the support of top management and also active employee participation.

7. In which of the following type of maintenance technique, repair is made after

machine or equipment failure?
a) Breakdown maintenance
b) Routine maintenance
c) Poka Yoke
d) Benchmarking
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In breakdown maintenance, the repair is made after machine or
equipment failure. It is also known as corrective maintenance.

8. Which of the following is a stitch-in-time technique aiming at avoiding breakdowns?

a) Forecasting
b) Routine maintenance
c) Poka Yoke
d) Benchmarking
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Routine maintenance is a stitch-in-time technique aiming at avoiding
breakdowns. It is also known as scheduled maintenance.

9. Which of the following maintenance technique is carried out prior to the occurrence
of failure or breakdown of equipment?
a) Breakdown maintenance
b) Routine maintenance
c) Preventive maintenance
d) Benchmarking
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Preventive maintenance is carried out prior to the occurrence of failure or
breakdown of equipment. It is important as it reduces machine downtime.

10. Which of the following is not a type of maintenance technique?

a) Breakdown maintenance
b) Routine maintenance
c) Predictive maintenance
d) 5S
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: There are four types of maintenance techniques. They are breakdown
maintenance, routine maintenance, preventive maintenance, and predictive
maintenance.

This set of Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Total Productive Maintenance Development”.

1. ‘Preparation stage’ is the first stage in TPM development.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: ‘Preparation stage’ is the first stage in TPM development. There are in total
of four major stages in TPM development. The other stages are preliminary
implementation stage, TPM implementation stage, and stabilization stage.

2. In which of the following stages of TPM is the announcement to the top management
about the decision to introduce TPM made?
a) Preliminary implementation stage
b) TPM implementation stage
c) Stabilization stage
d) Preparation stage
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In the ‘preparation stage’, the announcement to the top management
about the decision to introduce TPM is made. It is introduced through an internal
meeting and must be published in a newsletter or bulletin.

3. Which of the following is a technique to educate everyone in the organization

starting from managers to general workers about TPM?
a) Seminars only
b) Slide presentations only
c) Seminars, slide presentations, retreats
d) Retreats only
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Seminars, slide presentations, retreats are the different ways in which
education about TPM can be provided in an organization. Seminars can be offered to
the managers while slide presentations can be offered to the general workers.

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4. Which of the following must not be focused on when formulating TPM policies and
goals?
a) Result-oriented
b) Attainable
c) Measurable
d) Unrealistic
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: While formulating TPM policies and goals care must be taken to make
them result-oriented, specific, measurable, attainable, and realistic. The TPM policies
and goals must be clear to everyone involved in TPM implementation.

5. Which of the following is not a part of holding TPM kick-off?

a) Announcing to top management about the decision to introduce TPM
b) Invite client companies
c) Invite affiliated companies
d) Invite subcontracting companies
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Inviting client companies, inviting affiliated companies, and inviting
subcontracting companies are important tasks performed when holding TPM kick-off. It
is part of the preliminary implementation stage.

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6. In which stage in TPM development is the step to improve the effectiveness of each
piece of equipment taken?
a) Preparation stage
b) Preliminary inspection stage
c) TPM implementation stage
d) Stabilization stage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In the TPM implementation stage, the step to improve the effectiveness of
each piece of equipment taken. In this step, we need to select model equipment and
form project teams.
7. In which stage of TPM development the focus is to set higher TPM goals?
a) Preparation stage
b) Preliminary inspection stage
c) TPM implementation stage
d) Stabilization stage
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In the stabilization stage of TPM development, the focus is to set higher
TPM goals. The TPM levels must be raised and TPM needs to be perfectly implemented.

8. In which stage of TPM development is the development of the early equipment

management program carried out?
a) TPM implementation stage
b) Preliminary inspection stage
c) Preparation stage
d) Stabilization stage
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the TPM implementation stage of TPM development, the development
of the early equipment management program is carried out. The design, commission,
and control of the maintenance prevention program carried out.

9. Training conducted to improve the operation and maintenance skills are carried out
in the TPM implementation stage of TPM development?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Training conducted to improve the operation and maintenance skills are
carried out in the TPM implementation stage of TPM development. Leaders are trained
together, and leaders share information with the group members.

10. In which stage of TPM development a scheduled maintenance program for the
maintenance department developed?
a) Stabilization stage
b) Preliminary inspection stage
c) Preparation stage
d) TPM implementation stage
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In the TPM implementation stage, the scheduled maintenance program
for the maintenance department is developed. It includes periodic and preventive
maintenance and management.

This set of Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Dimensions of Product Quality – 1”.

1. Which of the following is a dimension of ‘product quality’?

a) Machinability
b) Probability
c) Customer Satisfaction
d) Durability
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: There are 9 dimensions of ‘product quality’. The dimensions of product
quality are performance, features, conformance, reliability, durability, serviceability,
responsiveness, aesthetics, and reputation.

2. The nominal size of a product is 30 mm. The acceptable industrial limits are from
29.98 mm to 30.02 mm. After manufacturing, the quality engineer finds the lower limit
of the manufactured product to be 29.00 mm while the upper limit is 30.01 mm. What
can you infer from the given scenario?
a) There is no failure because both the upper and lower limits of the manufactured
product are within the industrial standard limits
b) There is a failure because the upper limit is below 30.02 mm
c) There is a failure because the lower limit is below 29.98 mm
d) We cannot comment on the failure of the dimensions of the manufactured product
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The manufactured product fails to comply with the industrial standards of
the product. The lower limit of the manufactured product has to be within the range of
29.98 mm to 30 mm. The upper limit of the manufactured product has no issues
because 30.01 mm lies between 30 mm and 30.02 mm.

3. Priyanka bought a new mobile phone for herself. She explained to her friend that the
mobile phone has a camera, Facebook facility, and music facility in addition to the basic
functions like phone calls and messaging. Which dimension of ‘product quality’ is
Priyanka referring to?
a) Aesthetics
b) Conformance
c) Features
d) Reputation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Features are the secondary characteristics of a product. Here, camera,
Facebook facility, and music facility are the features of a mobile phone. The facility of
phone calls and messaging are its primary characteristics.

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4. Suresh calls up the customer care to complain regarding his new earphones. He can’t
listen to the other side when his earphones are connected to his mobile phone. Which
dimension of ‘product quality’ has the earphones failed to comply with?
a) Performance
b) Features
c) Aesthetics
d) Reputation
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The ‘performance’ of the new earphone is not acceptable. The primary
function of an earphone is not met here.

5. Andrew bought a new mobile phone from the market. While studying its
specifications, he realizes that the mobile phone fails to comply with the national
standards. Which dimension of ‘product quality’ has the mobile phone failed in?
a) Reputation
b) Aesthetics
c) Durability
d) Conformance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Every product has to meet certain applicable standards. Here, the mobile
phone fails to comply with the national standards and hence ‘conformance’ is not met.

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6. Which dimension of product quality tells you about the probability that a product will
perform its function for a given period of time under specified conditions?
a) Aesthetics
b) Reputation
c) Reliability
d) Conformance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Reliability is the probability that a product will perform its function for a
given period of time under specified conditions. It can be measured with the help of
mean time between failures.

7. Which of the following is the primary characteristic of an electric kettle while

referring to its ‘performance’?
a) It should boil water efficiently
b) It should indicate the pouring temperature of the water
c) It should be red in color
d) It should be white in color
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The primary characteristic of an electric kettle is to boil water effectively.
The color of its outer surface is the aesthetic aspect of it. The pouring temperature of
the water could be an additional feature in it.

8. Which of the following is not the best MTBF for a newly purchased laptop?
a) 1 month
b) 2 years
c) 3 years
d) 5 years
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: MTBF refers to mean time between failures for a repairable product.
Higher value of MTBF of the laptop is desired for customer satisfaction. So, MTBF for a
newly purchased laptop which is least here is 1 month. It is ruled out as it is not the
best.

This set of Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Basic Concepts of TQM”.

1. What is TQM?
a) Total Quality Management
b) Total Quality Maintenance
c) Total Quality Mitigation
d) Total Quality Managers
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Total means made up of ‘whole’. Quality means the degree of excellence
that needs to be achieved keeping customer satisfaction in mind. Management refers
to the activities that are involved in establishing the highest degree of quality.
2. TQM is the management approach of an organization, centered on quality, based on
the participation of all its members and aiming at long-term success through customer
satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and to society. Which
organization had given this definition of TQM?
a) Total Quality Forum of USA
b) Indian Statistical Institute
c) ISO
d) ASQ
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: According to ISO, TQM is the management approach of an organization,
centered on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long-
term success through customer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the
organization and to society. ISO refers to the International Organization for
Standardization. It was founded on February 23, 1947, to promote worldwide
proprietary, industrial and commercial standards.

3. TQM is an integrated organizational approach in delighting customers (both internal

and external) by meeting their expectations on a continuous basis through everyone
involved with the organization working on continuous improvement in all products,
services, and processes along with proper problem-solving methodology. Which
organization had given this definition of TQM?
a) Total Quality Forum of USA
b) ISO
c) Indian Statistical Institute
d) ASQ
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: According to the Indian Statistical Institute, TQM is an integrated
organizational approach in delighting customers (both internal and external) by
meeting their expectations on a continuous basis through everyone involved with the
organization working on continuous improvement in all products, services, and
processes along with proper problem-solving methodology. ISI was established on 17
December 1931 and is an academic institute of national importance focusing on
statistics.

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4. TQM is a people-focused management system that aims at a continual increase in

customer satisfaction at a continually lower cost. TQM is a total system approach (not a
separate area or program), and an integral part of a high-level strategy. It works
horizontally across functions and departments, involving all employees, top to bottom,
and exceeds backward and forward to include the supply chain and the customer
chain. Which organization had given this definition of TQM?
a) Total Quality Forum of USA
b) ISO
c) Indian Statistical Institute
d) ASQ
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: According to Total Quality Forum of USA, TQM is a people-focused
management system that aims at a continual increase in customer satisfaction at a
continually lower cost. TQM is a total system approach (not a separate area or
program), and an integral part of a high-level strategy. It works horizontally across
functions and departments, involving all employees, top to bottom, and exceeds
backward and forward to include the supply chain and the customer chain. This
definition has been accepted by many academic papers and is considered to be one of
the best definitions of TQM.

5. Which ‘pillar of TQM’ is referred to when the study of customer needs is done, the
requirements of the customer are gathered, and customer satisfaction is measured
and managed?
a) Process Management
b) Employee Empowerment
c) Continuous Improvement
d) Customer Focus
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Customer Focus is one of the pillars of TQM. In customer focus, customer
satisfaction remains an organization’s highest priority. The other pillars of TQM are
Process Management, Employee Empowerment, and Continuous Improvement.

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6. Which ‘pillar of TQM’ refers to the act of developing a production process that
reduces product variations, and by application of this process, the same product with
the same level of quality is produced every time?
a) Process Management
b) Employee Empowerment
c) Continuous Improvement
d) Customer Focus
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Process Management is one of the pillars of TQM. The relationship
between the teams and internal customers plays a crucial role in developing the
production process that reduces product variations. The focus of the management is
on controlling the overall process, and rewarding teamwork.

7. Which ‘pillar of TQM’ refers to TQM’s environment of a committed and well-trained

workforce that participates in activities involving quality improvement?
a) Process Management
b) Employee Empowerment
c) Continuous Improvement
d) Customer Focus
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Employee Empowerment is one of the pillars of TQM. It is the human side
of quality. Employee Empowerment is achieved with the help of training of employees
to achieve customer satisfaction.

8. Which ‘pillar of TQM’ recognizes that product quality is a result of process quality?
a) Process Management
b) Employee Empowerment
c) Continuous Improvement
d) Customer Focus
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Continuous Improvement is one of the pillars of TQM. The output of a
production process must not only satisfy customer needs but the customer must feel
satisfied with the product. Hence, continuous improvement in the production process
plays a crucial role in delivering quality products.

9. In traditional management, quality is determined by the company. In total quality

management, quality is determined by the customer.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In traditional management, quality is determined by the organization and
it has its own quality standards. Every product is compared to this standard to
determine if it is acceptable or not. In TQM, the customer is the judge for product
quality.

10. Company M has short-term goals like achieving the predicted quarterly profit.
Company N has long-term goals like achieving sustained customer satisfaction. What
can you infer about the management culture?
a) Company M follows traditional management, Company N follows TQM
b) Company N follows traditional management, Company M follows TQM
c) Company M and Company N follows traditional management
d) Company M and Company N follows TQM
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Company M has a short term goal to achieve the predicted quarterly profit
which is one of the characteristics of traditional management. Company N has a long
term goal which is to sustain customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is TQM’s
highest priority.

11. In traditional management, individual employees are held accountable for the
presence of a defect.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In traditional management, individual employees are held accountable for
the presence of a defect and those employees are identified by the managers. In TQM,
managers and employees focus on improving the process to ensure that defects don’t
occur in the future in order to ensure customer satisfaction.

12. The manager of a company is known to threaten his employees for the presence of
a defect. What can you infer about the management culture?
a) Traditional Management
b) Total Quality Management
c) Supply Chain Management
d) Sales Management
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Here, the act of threatening employees is the traditional management
approach. As a result of this, there is a void in the relation between the workforce and
the manager. The manager may even fire its employees.

13. A company is known to have a reward policy for its employees. The manager gives
its employees a chance to improve if a mistake is conducted by them. What can you
infer about the management culture?
a) Traditional Management
b) Total Quality Management
c) Supply Chain Management
d) Sales Management
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The working environment, in this case, is suitable for the employees.
There is a strong bonding between the managers and employees. The reward policy
keeps the employees motivated towards achieving organizational goals focusing on
customers. The chance to improve themselves when a mistake is committed helps
employees to introspect themselves.

14. In Company A, the workers who are involved in producing a product are
responsible for its quality. In Company B, everyone in the organization including the
top executives is responsible for producing quality products. What can you infer about
the management culture?
a) Company A follows traditional management, Company B follows TQM
b) Company B follows traditional management, Company A follows TQM
c) Company A and Company B follows traditional management
d) Company A and Company B follows TQM
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In traditional management, the workers who are involved directly in
producing the product are held accountable for producing quality products. In TQM,
everyone starting from the top executives to the workers producing the product are
responsible for producing quality products.

15. In Company E, the supervisors and employees solve problems based on their
individual knowledge, skills, and instincts. In Company F, everyone in the organization
solves problems based on substantive data. What can you infer about the management
culture?
a) Company E follows traditional management, Company F follows TQM
b) Company F follows traditional management, Company E follows TQM
c) Company E and Company F follows traditional management
d) Company E and Company F follows TQM
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In traditional management, the supervisors and employees solve
problems based on their individual knowledge, skills, and instincts. This can sometimes
lead to problems when some of the causes of the problems are left out. But with
substantive data, every aspect of the problem is thoroughly analyzed and a proper
decision focusing on customer satisfaction is made.

This set of Total Quality Management Interview Questions and Answers for freshers
focuses on “Cost of Quality – 2”.
1. Quality cost per hour direct labor is called ________
a) Labor base index
b) Cost base index
c) Sales base index
d) Unit base index
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The quality cost per hour direct labor is called the Labor base index. Bases
used to compare with quality costs are labor base, production base, sales base, and
unit base. Quality cost bases are used for measuring quality costs.

2. Quality cost per rupee of production cost is called _______

a) Labor base index
b) Cost base index
c) Sales base index
d) Production base index
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The quality cost per rupee of production cost is called the Cost base index.
Bases used to compare with quality costs are labor base, production base, sales base,
and unit base. Quality cost bases are used for measuring quality costs.

3. Quality cost per rupee of net sales is called _______

a) Labor base index
b) Rupee base index
c) Sales base index
d) Unit base index
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The quality cost per rupee of net sales is called the Sales base index. Bases
used to compare with quality costs are labor base, production base, sales base, and
unit base. Quality cost bases are used for measuring quality costs.

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4. Quality cost per unit of production is called _______

a) Labor base index
b) Rupee base index
c) Sales base index
d) Unit base index
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The quality cost per unit of production is called the Unit base index. Bases
used to compare with quality costs are labor base, production base, sales base, and
unit base. Quality cost bases are used for measuring quality costs.

5. Timesheets, schedules and minutes of meetings are important sources for

collecting/reporting quality costs in an organization.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Timesheets, schedules and minutes of meetings are important sources for
collecting/reporting quality costs in an organization. They form a part of the quality cost
collection.

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6. Expense reports, credit and debit memos and cost estimates are important sources
for collecting/reporting quality costs in an organization.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Expense reports, credit and debit memos and cost estimates are
important sources for collecting/reporting quality costs in an organization. They form a
part of the quality cost collection.

7. What is the other name of intangible costs?

a) Hidden Costs
b) Prevention Costs
c) Appraisal Costs
d) Internal Failure Costs
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The other name of intangible costs is Hidden Costs. They are the cost
associated with providing a non-conforming product or service to a customer that is
difficult to identify and quantify.

8. Which of the following does not fall under the category of Hidden Costs?
a) Potential loss sales
b) Loss of customer goodwill
c) Offsetting customer dissatisfaction
d) Marketing research
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Potential loss sales, Loss of customer goodwill and Offsetting customer
dissatisfaction fall under the category of Hidden Costs. Some of the other hidden costs
are customer dissatisfaction cost and loss of company image.

9. Which of the following describes best Juran’s model of optimum quality costs?
a) It includes costs of internal and external failures curve, costs of appraisal and
prevention curve and total quality costs curve
b) It includes costs of internal and external failures curve and costs of appraisal and
prevention curve
c) It includes costs of internal and external failures curve and total quality costs curve
d) It includes costs of appraisal and prevention curve and total quality costs curve
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It includes costs of internal and external failures curve, costs of appraisal
and prevention curve and total quality costs curve. Juran’s model indicates that 100%
quality is very effective and that always there must be some defects.

10. The commonly used techniques for measuring quality costs are __________
a) Trend analysis and Pareto analysis
b) Trend analysis only
c) Pareto analysis only
d) Trigonometry
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The commonly used techniques for measuring quality costs are Trend
analysis and Pareto analysis. The aim of these techniques is to determine opportunities
for quality improvement.

This set of Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Cost of Quality – 1”.

1. The cost associated with NOT producing quality products or services is called ________
a) Cost of Quality
b) Cost of Poor Quality Product
c) Cost of Mistake
d) Cost of Poor Quality Service
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The cost associated with NOT producing quality products or services is
called the Cost of Quality. It is commonly mistaken as the cost associated with
producing quality products or services.

2. Costs associated with improving quality or cost of conformance is called _______

a) Cost of Good Quality
b) Cost of Poor Quality
c) Cost of Improvement
d) Cost of Planning
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Costs associated with improving the quality or cost of conformance is
called the cost of good quality. It is a component of the cost of quality. The cost of
quality can be used as a standard measure to study an organization’s performance.

3. Costs associated with non-conformance or the costs due to poor quality is called
______
a) Cost of Good Quality
b) Cost of Poor Quality
c) Cost of Improvement
d) Cost of Planning
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Costs associated with non-conformance or the costs due to poor quality is
called the cost of poor quality. It is a component of the cost of quality. The cost of
quality is used to understand, analyze, and improve quality performance.

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4. Costs associated with the prevention of non-conformance to requirements is called

_______
a) Prevention Costs
b) Appraisal Costs
c) Internal Failure Costs
d) External Failure Costs
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Costs associated with the prevention of non-conformance to
requirements is called Prevention Costs. It is a type of Cost of Good Quality. Cost of
Good Quality is a component of the Cost of Quality.

5. Costs associated with appraising a product or service for conformance to

requirements is called ______
a) Prevention Costs
b) Appraisal Costs
c) Internal Failure Costs
d) External Failure Costs
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Costs associated with appraising a product or service for conformance to
requirements is called Appraisal Costs. It is a type of Cost of Good Quality. Cost of
Good Quality is a component of the Cost of Quality.

Check this: Total Quality Management Books | Aeronautical Engineering MCQs

6. Mathematically, the cost of quality equals to _______

a) Prevention Costs + Appraisal Costs + Internal Failure Costs + External Failure Costs
b) Prevention Costs + Appraisal Costs + Internal Failure Costs – External Failure Costs
c) Prevention Costs + Appraisal Costs + Internal Failure Costs * External Failure Costs
d) Prevention Costs – Appraisal Costs + Internal Failure Costs + External Failure Costs
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Mathematically, the cost of quality equals to Prevention Costs + Appraisal
Costs + Internal Failure Costs + External Failure Costs. Prevention Costs and Appraisal
Costs belong to the Cost of Good Quality. Internal Failure Costs and External Failure
Costs belong to the Cost of Poor Quality.

7. Which of the following does not belong to Prevention Costs?

a) Marketing research
b) Customer/User perception surveys
c) Design quality progress reviews
d) Lost sales
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Marketing research, Customer/User perception surveys, and Design
quality progress reviews fall under the category of Prevention Costs. Lost sales fall
under the category of External Failure Costs.

8. Which of the following does not belong to Prevention Costs?

a) Design support activities
b) Product design qualification test
c) Service design qualification
d) Downgraded end-product or service
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Design support activities, Product design qualification test, and Service
design qualification fall under the category of Prevention Costs. Downgraded end-
product or service fall under the category of Internal Failure Costs.

9. Which of the following does not belong to Internal Failure Costs?

a) Rework due to Design Changes
b) Scrap due to Design Changes
c) Design Corrective Action
d) Returned Goods
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Rework, Scrap and Design Corrective Action fall under the category of
Internal Failure Costs. Returned Goods fall under the category of External Failure Costs.
Internal and External Failure Costs fall under the category of Cost of Poor Quality.

10. Which of the following does not belong to Internal Failure Costs?
a) Uncontrolled Material Losses
b) Purchased Material Replacement Costs
c) Re-inspection / Retest Costs
d) Supplier Reviews
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Uncontrolled material losses, Purchased material replacement costs, Re-
inspection / Retest Costs fall under the category of Internal Failure Costs. Supplier
reviews fall under the category of Prevention Costs.

11. Which of the following does not belong to External Failure Costs?
a) Complaint investigations
b) Warranty claims
c) Liability costs
d) Supplier quality planning
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Complaint investigations, Warranty claims, and Liability costs fall under
the category of External Failure Costs. Supplier Quality Planning falls under the
category of Prevention Costs.
12. Quality improvement, Quality education, and Quality performance reporting fall
under the category of _______
a) Appraisal Costs
b) Prevention Costs
c) Internal Failure Costs
d) External Failure Costs
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Quality improvement, Quality education, and Quality performance
reporting fall under the category of Prevention Costs. Prevention costs fall under the
category of Cost of Good Quality.

13. Retrofit costs fall under the category of _______

a) Appraisal Costs
b) Prevention Costs
c) Internal Failure Costs
d) External Failure Costs
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Retrofit costs fall under the category of External Failure Costs. Retrofit
means to add a component or accessory to something that did not have it when it was
manufactured. External Failure Costs fall under the category of Cost of Poor Quality.

14. Receiving or incoming inspections and tests fall under the category of ______
a) Purchasing Appraisal Costs
b) Operations Appraisal Costs
c) External Appraisal Costs
d) External Failure Costs
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Receiving or incoming inspections and tests fall under the category of
Purchasing Appraisal Costs. Appraisal Costs fall under the category of Cost of Good
Quality. Cost of Good Quality and Cost of Poor Quality are the two categories of Cost of
Quality.

15. Evaluation of field stock and spare parts fall under the category of ______
a) Purchasing Appraisal Costs
b) Operations Appraisal Costs
c) External Appraisal Costs
d) External Failure Costs
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Evaluation of field stock and spare parts fall under the category of
External Appraisal Costs. Special product evaluations and Field performance
evaluations also fall under the category of External Appraisal Costs.

This set of Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “TQM Leadership – Strategic Quality Planning”.

1. The long-term direction of the organization in which it wants to proceed in the future
is known as __________
a) Strategic Planning
b) Short-Term Planning
c) Operational Planning
d) Contingency Planning
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Strategic Planning is the long-term direction of the organization in which it
wants to proceed in the future. It connects the present with the vision of the
organization in the future.

2. Identify the correct option with respect to the activities involved in Strategic Planning.
a) Developing goals only
b) Developing objectives only
c) Developing action plans only
d) Developing goals, objectives and action plans
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Developing goals, objectives and action plans are the activities involved in
Strategic Planning. Strategic Planning involves the long term direction in which the
organization wants to proceed.

3. Which of the following is correct in terms of the scope for Strategic Planning?
a) One month
b) Two months
c) Three months
d) Four years
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Strategic Planning is a long term direction in which the organization would
like to see itself in the future. Hence, one month, two months and three months are
short time periods that cannot be associated with Strategic Planning. Hence, four years
is the correct option.
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4. Strategic Planning is one of the critical aspects of leadership.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Strategic Planning is one of the critical aspects of leadership. A quality
leader must focus on strategic planning estimating the kind of challenges that the
organization may face in the future.

5. The attempts that are made to improve an organization’s performance by making

mission statements concrete are called ________
a) Goals
b) Objectives
c) Plans
d) Action Plans
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The attempts that are made to improve an organization’s performance by
making mission statements concrete are called goals of an organization. The other
important activities in strategic planning are goals, objectives and action plans.

Check this: Aeronautical Engineering Books | Mechanical Engineering MCQs

6. Which of the following is not a best practice for an organization when it is planning
its goals?
a) Improving customer satisfaction target
b) Cost reduction targets in a year
c) Improving market share
d) Decreasing market share
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Improving customer satisfaction target, Cost reduction targets in a year,
Improving market share and improving shareholders’ value are the best practices for
an organization when it is planning its goals. The other important activities involved in
strategic planning are goals, objectives, and action plans.

7. The operational definition of goals is called __________

a) Goals
b) Objectives
c) Plans
d) Action Plans
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The operational definition of goals is called the objectives of an
organization. They can be measured, they have a time dimension and they help in
reducing conflicts.

8. Which of the following describes special tactics, assigned responsibilities, how

resource allocation is done, scheduled activities and efforts and specify vision target?
a) Goals
b) Special Objectives
c) Plans
d) Objectives
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Plans describe special tactics, assigned responsibilities, how resource
allocation is done, scheduled activities and efforts and specify vision targets. The other
activities in strategic planning are the goals and objectives of an organization.

9. Which of the following is not an example of strategic planning in an organization?

a) The planned growth rate in sales
b) Diversification of business into new lines
c) Types of products to be offered
d) The planning for natural disasters
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The planned growth rate in sales, Diversification of business into new lines
and Types of products to be offered are examples of strategic planning in an
organization. The planning for natural disasters is to be included in the contingency
plan of the organization.

10. Identify the correct option with respect to the goals and objectives of an
organization having a strategic quality planning.
a) They are Process and Result oriented
b) They are Process oriented
c) They are Result oriented
d) They are neither Process oriented nor Result oriented
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The goals and objectives of an organization having a strategic quality
planning are Process and Result oriented. The goals and objectives of an organization
having traditional strategic planning are results oriented.

11. Identify the correct option with respect to the goals and objectives of an
organization having a strategic quality planning.
a) They are based on data and driven by trend or pattern analysis
b) They are based on hunches or guesses
c) They are based on neither data nor guesses
d) They are based on social media
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The goals and objectives of an organization having a strategic quality
planning are based on data and driven by trend or pattern analysis. The goals and
objectives of an organization having traditional strategic planning are based on
hunches or guesses.

12. Improvement activities in strategic quality planning are focused on activities critical
to success.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Improvement activities in strategic quality planning are focused on
activities critical to success. In traditional strategic planning, improvement activities lack
focus.

13. Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to strategic quality
planning cycle?
a) The identification of customer needs is the first step
b) The determination of customer positioning is the second step
c) It is necessary to predict the future and is the third step
d) The study of gap analysis and how to open the gap
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The identification of customer needs, the determination of customer
positioning and to predict the future are the first three steps of the strategic quality
planning cycle. The fourth step is to study the gap analysis and how to close the gap.
Aligning the plan with the mission and vision and the implementation of it are the final
steps.

This set of Total Quality Management online test focuses on “Eight Pillars of Total
Productive Maintenance”.
1. Which of the pillar of TPM schedules maintenance based on predicted and/or
measured failure rates?
a) Autonomous maintenance
b) Planned maintenance
c) Focused improvement
d) Benchmarking
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Planned maintenance is the pillar of TPM which schedules maintenance
based on predicted and/or measured failure rates. It significantly reduces unplanned
downtime.

2. Planned maintenance leads to a reduction in inventory through better control of

wear-prone and failure-prone parts.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Planned maintenance leads to a reduction in inventory through better
control of wear-prone and failure-prone parts. It is part of the traditional TPM whose
foundation is 5S.

3. Which of the following technique is used in quality maintenance?

a) Benchmarking
b) Employee empowerment
c) Root cause analysis
d) Forecasting
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Root cause analysis is used in quality maintenance. It eliminates recurring
sources of quality defects. Quality maintenance is one of the pillars of traditional TPM.

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4. Quality maintenance reduces the number of defects.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Quality maintenance reduces the number of defects. The important task
under this pillar of TPM is to design error detection and prevention into the
manufacturing process.

5. Which of the following pillar of TPM focuses on small groups of employees for
incremental improvements in equipment operation?
a) Autonomous maintenance
b) Planned maintenance
c) Quality maintenance
d) Focused improvement
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Focused improvement is the pillar of TPM that focuses on small groups of
employees for incremental improvements in equipment operation. These groups work
together in a proactive manner and often belong to cross-functional teams.

Check this: Aeronautical Engineering MCQs | Aeronautical Engineering Books

6. Which pillar of TPM utilizes practical knowledge and understanding of the

manufacturing equipment in improving the design of new equipment?
a) Autonomous maintenance
b) Early equipment management
c) Quality maintenance
d) Focused improvement
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Early equipment management is the pillar of TPM that utilizes practical
knowledge and understanding of the manufacturing equipment in improving the
design of new equipment. This knowledge is gained through TPM itself.

7. New equipment designed using the concept of early equipment management will
have ____
a) More startup issues
b) Extremely high startup issues
c) Fewer startup issues
d) Same startup issues as before
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: New equipment designed using the concept of early equipment
management will have fewer startup issues. Maintenance is simple and robust due to
employee involvement and practical review.

8. Which of the following is not a health, safety, and environment (HSE) related
measure taken at workplace?
a) Wearing PPE kits for workers
b) Prohibition of use of mobile phones
c) Washing hands before operating any equipment
d) Providing increment in the salary of an employee
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Wearing PPE kits for workers, the prohibition of the use of mobile phones,
and washing hands before operating any equipment, are all steps and measures
related to HSE. An example is the oil and gas industry where strict HSE measures are
implemented.

9. Which of the following is not an outcome of implementing strict health, safety, and
environment-related measures in an organization?
a) Eliminating health risks
b) Eliminating safety risks
c) Accident-free workplace
d) Increasing safety risks
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Eliminating health risks, eliminating safety risks, and providing an
accident-free workplace are the outcomes of implementing strict health, safety, and
environment-related measures in an organization. It results in creating a safe and
healthy working environment.

10. Which of the following is not an example of administrative operation?

a) Order processing
b) Drilling a hole in a workpiece
c) Order scheduling
d) Order procurement
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Order processing, scheduling, and procurement are administrative
operations that must be improved while TPM is also utilized. TPM can be applied in
administrative functions to remove waste in administrative functions.

11. What does an OEE score of 100% refer to?

a) Perfect production
b) World-class
c) Fairly typical
d) Poor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An OEE score of 100% is perfect production. OEE refers to overall
equipment effectiveness. It is a metric that identifies truly productive manufacturing
time.

12. OEE takes into account _____

a) Availability loss
b) Availability loss and Quality loss
c) Availability loss and Performance loss
d) Availability loss, Performance loss, and Quality loss
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: OEE takes into account availability loss, performance loss, and quality loss.
It, therefore, is a widely utilized metric that measures closeness to perfect production.