Feasibility Report of value chain assessment to determine critical activities of

a public or private intermediary entity:

Introduction:

The whole set of actions that a corporation must follow, beginning with the generation of an idea
and ending with the delivery of the final product or service, is referred to as the value chain.
Some of these phases include formulating plans, actually manufacturing the product, selling it,
and distributing it. The value chain for companies that manufacture things begins with the raw
materials that are used to build the product and includes everything that is added to the product
before it is sold to consumers. The end of the value chain is the customer buying the goods.
Value chain analysis finds any problems with these processes and suggests ways to fix them.
This saves money, improves the quality of the product, and speeds up the time it takes to get the
product to market. Analysis of the value chain could lead to changes inside a company, improve
the goods and services it offers, and help it work better with other businesses and their clients or
customers.

A value chain analysis is a thorough study of all of a company's operations, from raw material
acquisition through the manufacture, distribution, and sale of its goods or services. This research
gives business owners and managers a thorough insight of their company's major spending and
profit areas. Firms may use this data to decrease waste, uncover opportunities for strategic
advantage, and allocate cash to the most lucrative sectors.

Every organisation takes part in at least one of the several value chain assessments that trace
goods and services from the producer through the company's clients and, finally, to the end user.
It is possible that businesses in supply chains are uninformed of or uninterested about what
happens in the chain beyond their direct suppliers and customers. This leads the network's
connections to diverge and begin trading largely on who has the lowest price, rather than on how
to build value.

Aims and objectives:

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  Aim of this feasibility report is to split the activities by using Gantt chart to identify the
time for the required activity
 To focus on the past research done on the value chain assessment through literature
review (internet surfing).
 The main objective of the value chain assessment project is to improve risk management
for different commodity systems and help decision-makers learn more about the private
and public enterprises.
 To identify areas in the business that can be optimized for efficiency and profitability.
 In the assessment, direct actors in the supply chain, service providers from the private and
public sectors, and the enabling environment as a whole are all taken into account (e.g.,
macroeconomic, trade, and regulatory policies)(Jaffee et al., 2010)

Literature Review:

Most of what we know about intermediaries comes from research on innovation intermediates,
which is a new field of study. Most of the research that has been done has focused on figuring
out what innovation intermediates are and what kinds of tasks and responsibilities are needed to
make innovation happen. The groups that make up SSIs are called "sectoral intermediates."
These groups link information flows, translate them, and make them easier to understand. They
also offer services that are needed but can't be accessed right away within the system. SSI group
are the actors work in different places and with different institutions. So, sectors are called
dynamic systems because they are affected by how the parts that make up the sector interact and
change together.

A "feasibility study" is an analysis of how well a proposed method or plan for a project will work
in real life. This is done by researching the project's technical, economic, legal, operational, and
time-related viability.

You should start by talking about your project's plan. You should focus on a need that isn't being
met, a market where the demand is higher than the supply, and the question of whether the
product or service has a big benefit. The next step is to see if the obstacles to feasibility are too
hard to get around (i.e. too expensive, unable to effectively market, etc.).

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Because this step is so important to how your feasibility study turns out, you need to make sure
your market analysis is as thorough as it can be. Because it is so important, if your company
doesn't have the resources to do a good one, it would be best to hire a company from the outside
to do it. The results of the market research will give you the most accurate picture possible of
how much money the project is likely to make and how much money it will make back. There
are a lot of things to think about, like the market's geographic reach, its demographics, an
analysis of its competitors, the market's value, how much of it you will get, and whether or not
the market is open to growth (that is, response to your offer).

Sectoral intermediates, which are also called "intermediaries," can participate in one-to-one or
one-to-many connections. They can also help people learn and make things more interesting. As
part of the help given for planning and developing skills, services like training, consulting,
quality control, finance, and other services like these may be given. In light of this, we follow
Dalziel (2010) and pay more attention to the organisational role that intermediaries play than to
how they act.(Petersen et al., 2016)

He draws our attention to a further distinction that is useful to us for the achievement of our
goals. The phrase "public intermediaries" refers to organisations that are funded by the
government and concentrate their efforts on achieving public good objectives, particularly those
that are associated with policy. On the other hand, private intermediaries get their funding from
private sources and direct more of their attention on concerns that are unique to a certain sector
or company. This classification is useful since it takes into consideration how an organisation is
structured as well as the primary objectives that it seeks to achieve. Both of these aspects have an
impact on the management of the organisation, the standards by which its performance is
evaluated, as well as the activities that it engages in. (Petersen et al., 2016)

In order to solve systemic bottlenecks, gaps, and problems, intermediaries must have a
comprehensive grasp of the industry's participants and networks, as well as the principal
obstacles they face. However, as there is no one organisation that can fill all the gaps, a system
may need several organisations to perform the numerous intermediate functions. No organisation
can accomplish everything. Due to this, it's crucial that various organisations coordinate their
actions, at least somewhat.(Petersen et al., 2016)

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Integration of digital supply chains is gathering momentum and evolving into a more dynamic
process. It is essential to monitor both product and service delivery, as well as exchange
information on consumer demand, in order to provide everyone involved in the supply chain
with a comprehensive understanding of what is happening. The integration of corporate
processes is predicated on the use of standards as well as reference designs. Both of them have to
be able to support the comprehensive integration of product data from the very beginning to the
very end.(Korpela et al.)

In order to link their operations and data, enterprises that take part in the operation of supply
chains employ specialised intermediary companies. By mapping out and integrating data that is
unique to each firm, the responsibility of these businesses is to make it feasible for various
organisations and systems to collaborate with one another. As a consequence of this, the
expenses associated with integration are often rather substantial, and it takes a significant amount
of time for the concept to become widespread.(Korpela et al.)

In the supply chain, business-to-business integration, often known as B2B integration, is the
topic of discussion in this feasibility report. The practise of transmitting electronic data towards
the owners and stakeholders of the project to identify the time management process and integrate
according to the time given to every activity.(Korpela et al.)

Even the largest organisations do not have the capabilities, expertise, or resources necessary to
independently create or execute end-to-end information integration across supply networks. This
is because end-to-end information integration requires cooperation from several supply
networks. The process of integration has been sped considerably thanks to the collaboration of
several businesses.(Korpela et al.)

Block Diagram of value Chain Assessment

Primary Activities

Inbound Outbound Marketing

Operations Services
Logistucs Logistics and sales

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 The Value Chain

Procurement Human Resource Management

Infrastructure Technological Development

Support Activities

A block diagram is a way to show how a system works. The main parts or functions of the
system are shown as blocks, and the blocks are connected by lines that show how the blocks and
the system work together. They are used a lot in engineering, especially when designing
hardware, software, electrical flow diagrams, and process flow diagrams. Block diagrams give a
clear and complete picture of how a system works. This makes it much easier to find potential
weak spots or areas of interest quickly. Given that it is made from a high-level perspective; it is
possible that it doesn't give enough information for better planning or execution. A circuit
diagram will show every wire and switch in detail, while a block diagram will only show the
major parts of the system (Block Diagram).

A lot of space on a block diagram is taken up by a system's inputs and outputs. It doesn't care as
much about what happens between the input and the output. This idea is called a "black box" in
the field of engineering. Either we don't know what the parts are that get us from the input to the
output, or they don't matter for the process

This process is necessary to identify the chain or network going within any public or private
organization. This includes everything that happens between getting the materials and putting the
product on the market

A value chain analysis is done by an organization when it figures out its main and secondary
activities, as well as its sub-activities, and then look at how well each part of the chain works. If

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you look at the links, dependencies, and other patterns in the value chain, you may be able to see
how they all work together (Porter, Michael E, 1985).

In the process of turning inputs into outputs, the vast majority of businesses do hundreds or even
thousands of different things. In a broad sense, these activities can be put into two groups: main
activities and support activities. Both of these are things that all businesses have to do in some
way. (Rowe et al, 1994).

The following activities are used to describe the block diagram of value chain assessment:

1. Inbound logistics includes relationships with suppliers and all of the steps needed to get,
store, and send out inputs. It involves making connections with customers and getting
outputs to them.

2. Operations are all the things that need to be done to turn inputs into outputs.

3. Outbound logistics includes all the tasks that are needed to gather, store, and send the
product.

4. Marketing and sales involve activities related to marketing and sales teach customers
about goods and services, encourage customers to buy those goods and services, and
make it easier for customers to buy those goods and services.

5. Service is all the things that need to be done after a product or service has been sold and
delivered to make sure the buyer can keep using it as intended (Porter, Michael E, 1985).

These are examples of things that aren't the main focus:

1. Buying things, services, or other resources for an organization is called procurement.

2. Human resources management includes all of the tasks that are needed to find, hire,
train, develop, and pay people, as well as (if needed) fire or lay off workers.

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 3. Technological Development is the process by which a company turns its inputs into
outputs, including the equipment, hardware, software, processes, and technical expertise
that are involved in this transformation.

4. Infrastructure: This section of the company handles the organization's demands and
links all of its many sections. Accounting, legal, financial, planning, international
issues awareness, regulatory affairs, product testing, and general management are
examples of roles or departments that might be included. (Porter, Michael E, 1985).

Pseudo code for software based projects:

A thorough and straightforward explanation of the tasks that need to be completed by a computer
programme or algorithm is referred to as pseudocode. The aforementioned explanation is not
written in any kind of programming language. On the other hand, it is written in a formal but
understandable daily language. When creating a programme with the purpose of providing more
details, it is common practise to use the usage of pseudocode at various stages along the way. It
provides programmers with a detailed strategy for the next phase, which is to develop code in a
particular programming language. In addition to that, it gives designers and lead programmers
the ability to elaborate on the design in great depth.

The team of designers and programmers may examine the pseudocode, which has a lot of
information but is still simple to comprehend, in order to ensure that the actual programming will
most likely adhere to the design requirements. When compared to the cost of discovering issues
later in the development process, the cost of discovering them at the pseudocode stage is much
cheaper. It is necessary to rewrite the pseudocode using the syntax and semantics of a
programming language after it has been validated and proven to be accurate. In the field of
software engineering, pseudocode is sometimes used in conjunction with computer-aided design
and development techniques. It is possible to create programmes that can convert one
programming language into another programming language by using a certain pseudocode
language. These programmes may then be run.

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Gantt Chart in project management:

VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT

PROJECT START DATE: 25-May-22 Duration: 1 div= 1 week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Sr. No. TASK START END
1 Title Selection 25-May-22 31-May-22
2 Aims and objectives 1-Jun-22 15-Jun-22
3 Problem Statement & Limitations 16-Jun-22 22-Jun-22
4 Literature Review 23-Jun-22 13-Jul-22
5 Block Diagram Design 14-Jul-22 3-Aug-22
6 Experimental design for projects 4-Aug-22 7-Sep-22
7 Final Documentation & Formatting 8-Sep-22 21-Sep-22

A Gantt chart is a special kind of bar chart that is used to demonstrate how the activities that are
scheduled to take place over the duration of a project will actually be carried out. When planning
a project, a Gantt chart is used because it provides an efficient method of displaying which
activities are scheduled to be completed on which days. A straightforward stacked bar chart
displaying the beginning dates, ending dates, and milestones of a project schedule is provided for
use by project managers as well as members of the project team.

Visually understanding the connection between different activities and the passage of time may
be accomplished with the use of Gantt charts. They are used to display essential information on a
project, such as who is in charge of what, how long each activity will take, and which tasks will
occur simultaneously with one another. Timelines on a Gantt chart illustrate the amount of time

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required for a project to transition from one work phase to the next. These time periods illustrate
how the various occupations and their links are connected to one another. Gantt charts are useful
tools because they illustrate not only what tasks still need to be completed but also how far along
the project currently is.

A Gantt chart is a timeline that, at its most fundamental level, demonstrates how the project will
evolve during the process of managing the project. Gantt Charts are another tool that are quite
useful when it comes to the scheduling and planning of projects since they display how events
will transpire over the course of time. It is helpful to project managers and teams in determining
how long a project will take, what resources will be required for the project, how tasks rely on
each other, and how each job will be completed in order to conclude the project on time.

According to the Gantt charts, work on a project cannot start until another task listed on the
timetable of the project has been completed. These data may be of use to project managers in
learning more about the challenges that are being encountered by a project and assisting them in
making crucial choices on how to take a project ahead.

It is possible that planning and scheduling a project will be less difficult with the assistance of
Gantt charts. They assist you with determining how long a project ought to take, locating the
resources that you want, and organising the sequence in which you will carry out the tasks. They
are also essential for maintaining a record of the ways in which several tasks are dependent on
one another.

The Gantt chart is organised in the form of a timeline so that the durations of tasks, regardless of
whether they were scheduled in advance or not, may be clearly observed in connection to the
progression of time. You may use Gantt charts throughout the whole of the project to monitor the
status of each individual work and display how far along it is in its completion. When it comes to
providing a graphical representation of a project's timeline, the Gantt chart is by far the most
popular option. It is often used in conjunction with network diagrams and calendar views in
order to demonstrate how long a project will take and how activities are related to one another in
a logical fashion. A list of project tasks, a timeline across the top with user-defined time intervals
(such as months or weeks), and bars below the timescale that illustrate how long each job will
take are the components that make up a Gantt chart.

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Even if there are issues that need to be solved in this particular area, now is a good opportunity to
learn more about the tools and techniques that project managers use and analyse those tools and
methods. It's likely that the Gantt Chart is the one that's utilised the most often. Despite the fact
that computer-generated visuals and colour print-outs have supposedly given Henry Gantt's
production planning bar chart a new lease on life by giving it a sense of certainty, and despite the
fact that they have maintained their credibility in spite of contradictory evidence, this case still
has its own set of issues. To begin, the Gantt Chart is a helpful tool that may be used to indicate
how long certain plans will take. This information may be discovered in a variety of different
locations.

This may be a presentation that forecasts when things will happen in the future, or it could be a
graph that illustrates the achievements and failures that have occurred in the past. It doesn't get
into the reason why this form of planning is done, which is to be able to model and analyse the
systems that the project entails, but it's important to note. Second, it promotes a method of
planning that consists of just one step at a time.

The use of sophisticated planning software makes it simple to display charts, and the visually
appealing nature of colour charts gives the impression that they are inherently reliable. This is
particularly evident when contrasted to bar charts from the past, which were often employed. As
a result of this, the staff may be less prone to quarrel with the charts, which would imply that the
charts would begin to move on their own without any intervention from the personnel. Thirdly,
they make it simpler for the project manager to maintain an excessive amount of control over the
project by not assigning the task of creating a timetable to other members of the team. There is a
propensity for the project manager to become not just the "keeper of the charts" but also the
person who operates the computer. This is because of the dual roles that the project manager is
expected to do. This is due to the fact that personal computers (PCs) are becoming more capable,
that an increasing number of people have access to them, and that software is becoming both
more powerful and simpler to use.

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References:

JAFFEE, S., SIEGEL, P. & ANDREWS, C. 2010. Rapid agricultural supply chain risk
assessment: A conceptual framework. Agriculture and rural development discussion
paper, 47, 1-64.
KORPELA, K., HALLIKAS, J. & DAHLBERG, T. Digital supply chain transformation toward
blockchain integration. 2017.
PETERSEN, I.-H., KRUSS, G., MCGRATH, S. & GASTROW, M. 2016. Bridging skills
demand and supply in South Africa: The role of public and private intermediaries.
Development Southern Africa, 33, 407-423.
“What Is a Value Chain and Why Is It Important?” Search CIO,
https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/value-chain. Accessed 6 June 2022.

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Block Diagram - Learn about Block Diagrams, See Examples.
https://www.smartdraw.com/block-diagram/. Accessed 6 June 2022.
Porter, Michael E., "Competitive Advantage". 1985, Ch. 1, pp 11-15. The Free Press. New York.
Rowe, Mason, Dickel, Mann, Mockler; "Strategic Management: a methodological approach". 4th
Edition, 1994. Addison-Wesley. Reading Mass.
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feasibility-study> [Accessed 6 June 2022].
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[Accessed 6 June 2022].
Anon. 2022b. Gantt Charts: Planning and Scheduling Team Projects. [online] Available at:
<http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_03.htm> [Accessed 6 June 2022].
Anon. 2022c. Importance of Gantt Charts in Project Management. [online] Projectsly. Available
at: <https://projectsly.com/importance-of-gantt-charts> [Accessed 6 June 2022].
Anon. 2022d. What is pseudocode? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] WhatIs.com.
Available at: <https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/pseudocode> [Accessed 6 June
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