Persian Gulf Crisis 2019 2021:

Conflict Name, Region, and Location: The 2019-21 Persian Gulf crisis is the
ongoing intensify military tension between Islamic Republic of Iran and United State of
America, and their respective allies in the Persian Gulf region. In the early May 2019 United
States build up its military presences in the Arab region to deter the alleged campaign run by
Iran and its non-state allies who tried to traumatize in the Persian Arab Gulf region especially
Iraq.

Trump Administration Sanctions and Iran Response: This tension

accelerated in Trump Administration between US and Iran, which includes the withdrawal of
US from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and imposed new sanctions on
Iran and consider Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as terrorist organization and in
response Iran designated US Central command as terrorist organization.

Time to Time Tensions: In June May the crisis is a concern for Maritime security as
the increased warlike challenges for commercial shipping, several merchants were damaged
and America blamed Iran while Iran Denied. In June 2019, Iran shut down US RQ-4A
surveillance drone in his air space, which escalated the tension further and bring itself to the
brink of military confrontation. In July 2019, Iranian Oil tanker on the strait of Gibraltar on
the ground which was shipping oil to Syria in the violation of European Union Sanctions.
While later Iran Captured British Oil tanker and its crew member in the Persian Gulf Region
later both Iran British released ships the crew members, while later America created Maritime
surveillance for commercial ships.

Causalities: The crisis further escalated in late 2019 and early 2020 when alleged
Hezbollah Militia killed an American Contractor in an attack on an Iraq air-base hosting US-
personals. In response, America hosted an Airstrike on Hezbollah killed 25 militia in Iraq and
Syria, while in response to that Hezbollah keep an attack on American Embassy in Baghdad
which made America to deployed hundreds of troops in Middle East and announced that it
would target proxies of Iran in Iraq. When the commander of Islamic Revolutionary Guards
Corps (IRGC) commander Qasem Sulemani and (PMF) commander Abu Mehdi-Al-
Muhandis were killed in US drone strike, which made Iran to revenge US over 2 causalities.
This compelled US to deployed 4000 troops in response to the tension.

American Response and Iran Retaliation: This fabricated Iran and United states
of America to go on an open conflict on January 8, 2020, when the Islamic Revolutionary
Guard Corps (IRGC) launched a ballistic missile attack on two US military base in Iraq
housing US soldiers on retaliation of Solemani which enhanced America to impose more
sanctions on Iran. The Iranian Airstrike later came to known to US officials that it causes
hundreds of US troops injured. There was up and down in the tension between Iran and
America but, it further accelerated with time being.

SA-15 Surface to Air Missile: The Ukraine international airline flight 752 was shut
down after departing from Tehran International airport, and as usual Western official
especially America blames Iran that flight had been shut down by Iranian SA-15 surface to
air missile and later January 11, 2021, Iranian official admitted that it was mistakenly shut
down due to human error. It was further escalated in July 2021, targeting a merchant ship
which result in killing of 2 crew members.