HTL Book Simple

Chap
ters
Chapters.
1 Accommodation p. 03
2 Reservation p. 21
3 Check-in p. 41
4 Hotel Policies p. 65
5 Hotel Staff p. 84
6 Room Service p. 106
7 Hotel Facilities p. 126
8 Checkout p. 147
9 Grammar Guide p. 165

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Accommodation
Chapter 1 Video Script Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
Part 1.
Video Script Traveling is great! But before actually leaving, finding a place to stay is an
important part of your travel plans. There are many options, as you know.
That’s why it is very important to know exactly what you need and explore the
possibilities. In this new chapter, we will show you how to choose the best option
for you. As usual, you will also learn some language topics that will help you
improve your English.
Now, look at the script of Accommodation.
ACCOMMODATION
[At home using a laptop]

Carla:
I’m going on a business trip. I usually like to stay in a hostel, or some
place just casual. I’m going to be going to a fancy place! Let me just
show you the kind of places that I would normally stay in, so you can get
an idea of how crazy this whole thing is, OK?
[Showing pictures in the laptop]

Carla:
So, this is my kind of place: a hostel in the middle of the city, next to
all the attractions and public transportation. I really like hostels, you
know, because they’re a great place to meet people, make new friends,
very affordable. This one has a nice six-bed, shared accommodation,
all-female room. That’s a great way to meet new people, new travel
buddies, right? They’re usually really affordable; normally you’ll pay
anywhere between maybe US$15 or US$20 dollars per person per
night in a hostel. I like that! But maybe you guys are a little bit concerned
about privacy, and I understand that. So, hostels do offer you the options
to, you know, reserve a single room where you can be just by yourself, or
if you’re traveling with your mom or a boyfriend, and you want to be on
your own. You can do that too in a hostel.
< voltar para o índice

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But when I’m traveling on the road and maybe going from city to city, I
like to maybe stay in an inn or a motel. Because it’s kind of cozy, and it has
that home feeling, you know? And it’s just easier, so I’ll show you some of
those, OK?
So, guys, this is your typical inn. It’s like a cozy little bed and breakfast. And
it’s usually centrally located. In terms of price, though, if you were going to
stay here for six nights, you would probably be paying over six hundred
dollars for the six nights, which, to me, is a lot of money.
But if I really wanted to find something that was going to be my style, you
know? I would probably look into short-term vacation rentals. Because
then you can get a whole house for yourself. And usually they’re either
located in a nice residential area or somewhere close to the beach. And
you’ve got shops, drugstores, supermarkets, everything close by. So you
have all the amenities that you would need. Oh, look at this! Wow! I just
can’t wait! It’s going to be awesome!
ACOMODAÇÕES
[Em casa, no notebook]

Carla:
Vou viajar a negócios! Eu normalmente fico em albergues, ou em algum
lugar mais descontraído. Mas vou para um lugar chique! Deixem só eu
mostrar para vocês o tipo de lugar em que eu geralmente fico, para que
vocês possam ter uma ideia de como tudo isso aqui é uma loucura, OK?
[No notebook, mostrando imagens]

Carla:
Então, esse é o meu tipo de lugar: um albergue no meio da cidade,
próximo de todas as atrações e do transporte público. Eu gosto muito
de albergues porque eles são um ótimo lugar para conhecer pessoas,
fazer novos amigos, e eles são muito acessíveis! Esse aqui tem um
quarto com seis camas, acomodação compartilhada, somente para
mulheres. Essa é uma ótima maneira de se conhecer novas pessoas,
novos colegas de viagem, sabe? Eles geralmente são muitos acessíveis:
normalmente você vai pagar algo entre US$15 ou US$20 por pessoa,
por noite, em um albergue. Eu gosto disso! Mas talvez vocês estejam
preocupados com privacidade, e eu entendo isso. Albergues oferecem
opções de reserva de quarto não compartilhado para você ficar sozinho.
Ou, se você está viajando com sua mãe ou namorado e queira ficar a
sós, você também pode fazer isso em um albergue.

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Mas quando estou na estrada e talvez indo de cidade a cidade, eu gosto

de ficar em uma pousada ou um hotel à beira da estrada. Porque é mais
aconchegante, e te dá aquela sensação de estar em casa, sabe? E às vezes
é mais prático; então, vou mostrar uns exemplos, OK?
Pessoal, essa é uma típica pousada. Tipo, uma pousada aconchegante. E,

sabe, muitas vezes elas são bem localizadas. Mas em termos de preço, se
você fosse ficar aqui por seis noites, provavelmente pagaria mais do que
seiscentos dólares pelas seis noites, o que, pra mim, é muito dinheiro.
Mas se eu realmente quisesse achar algo mais do meu estilo, eu

provavelmente procuraria por um aluguel de temporada. Porque aí
você tem uma casa só para você. E geralmente elas são localizadas
em boas áreas residenciais, ou próximo à praia. E aí você tem lojas,
farmácias, supermercados, tudo nos arredores. Então, você tem todas as
comodidades de que precisa. Olhem isso! Uau! Nossa, mal posso esperar!
Vai ser incrível!

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Part 2.
Vocabulary
Planning a trip involves considering all the necessary details to ensure a pleasant stay and avoid
headaches. First of all, you have to choose a destination. After that, it is time to think about the
kind of accommodation you would like. In order to choose wisely, you should think about the
purpose of your trip:
What is the purpose of your trip?

Qual é o propósito/motivo da sua viagem?
Is it a business trip? Is it a tourism trip?

É uma viagem de negócios? É uma viagem de turismo?
Is it a family trip? Is it a honeymoon trip?

É uma viagem em família? É uma viagem de lua de mel?
Notice that we used the noun trip in every sentence. In general,

it means the same thing as travel, but travel is mostly used in
expressions with more than one word, such as:
EXPRESSIONS WITH THE WORD TRAVEL
Travel size Travel money Travel agent

Tamanho viagem Cartão pré-pago para viagem Agente de viagem
Travel guide Travel season

Guia de viagem Temporada de viagem

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In addition to these expressions you have just seen, the word travel can also be used as a verb.
Let’s take a look at some examples:
Are you traveling on business? Are you traveling for work?

Você está viajando a negócios? Você está viajando a trabalho?
As you can see, in these examples we used the verb to travel in the -ING form.
There are many options and things to consider when choosing an accommodation.
The three first things to consider are:
WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING AN ACCOMMODATION
Budget Privacy Comfort

Orçamento Privacidade Conforto
The purpose of the trip combined with those three items play a
significant role when it comes to looking for types of accommodation
or types of lodging, which is another way to say accommodation.
Now let’s analyze some different kinds of lodging.
If your biggest concern is with the budget, then hostels may

be a good option. They are usually cheaper, because they have
shared rooms or shared accommodations for two or more people.
Sometimes ten or even twelve people can share the same room,
which is similar to a dorm. In some cases, they have shared
bathrooms as well.

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Take a look at these examples with some information you should know about hostels:
Hostels are usually inexpensive and centrally located.

Albergues geralmente não são caros e têm uma localização central.
Accommodations and bathrooms are usually shared.

As acomodações e os banheiros geralmente são compartilhados.
Dorms are usually divided into female and male, with up to twelve people.
Os dormitórios geralmente são divididos entre feminino e masculino, com até doze pessoas.
Hostels are popular among solo travelers and backpackers.

Os albergues são populares entre pessoas que viajam sozinhas e mochileiros.
When it comes to saving money, but keeping your privacy, inns or

motels may be a good choice. Motels and inns are modest hotels
with no luxury and few amenities. The amenities you will commonly
find in these places are vending machines for candies, snacks, and
beverages, for example.
Motels and inns are usually not expensive.

Motéis e pousadas geralmente não são caros.
Motels and inns may not be centrally located.

Motéis e pousadas podem não ser localizados na região central.
Motels and inns are usually two or

three-stars accommodations.
Motéis e pousadas geralmente são acomodações
duas ou três estrelas.
At motels and inns, you must rent the room.

Em motéis e pousadas, você tem que alugar o quarto.

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But if you value both comfort and privacy and are willing to pay more for that,
then you should look for 3-star hotels and above. You will find a wide variety of
rooms, views, and bed sizes, which you will choose among the following:
B E D S I Z ES
Single bed Queen-size bed

Cama de solteiro Cama tamanho queen
Double bed King-size bed

Cama de casal (tamanho padrão) Cama tamanho king
Here is some other information you should know about hotels and their rates:
Hotel rates vary according to hotel rating.

O preço das diárias dos hotéis varia de acordo com a classificação do hotel.
Hotel rates also vary according to the type of room, view, and bed size.
As diárias de hotéis também variam de acordo com o tipo de quarto, a vista e o
tamanho da cama.
Now you know the types of accommodation and their characteristics, as well as how to choose
the most appropriate accommodation for your trip.

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Part 3.
Vocabulary
A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
Activities
( 1 ) Hostel ( 7 ) Backpacker ( ) Conforto ( ) Albergue
( 2 ) Dorm ( 8 ) Business trip ( ) Acomodação ( ) Mochileiro
( 3 ) Shared rooms ( 9 ) Honeymoon trip ( ) Orçamento ( ) Privacidade
( 4 ) Accommodation ( 10 ) Single bed ( )V

iagem de negócios ( )Q
uartos
compartilhados
( 5 ) Privacy ( 11 ) Queen-size ( ) Dormitório
bed ( )V
iagem de lua de mel
( 6 ) Comfort ( ) Cama de solteiro
( 12 ) Budget
( )C
ama de tamanho
queen
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.
a) W hat is the of your trip?

b) Are you traveling ?

Você está viajando a negócios? f. Accommodations
c) Is it a tourism ?
d. Hostels
b. on business e. Dorms
É uma viagem de turismo?

Activity B – Answers
d) are usually inexpensive and centrally located

a. purpose
Albergues geralmente não são caros e têm uma localização central.

c. trip
e) are usually divided into female and male,

with up to twelve people.
Activity A – Answers
6 / 4 / 12 / 8 / 2 / 10 /
Os dormitórios geralmente são divididos entre feminino e masculino,

11 / 1 / 7 / 5 / 3 / 9
com até doze pessoas.
f) and bathrooms are usually shared.

As acomodações e os banheiros geralmente são compartilhados.

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Part 4.
Grammar
After learning some important vocabulary about the different kinds of
accommodation, it is the moment to explore some of the grammar topics that
have appeared in this chapter. In this section, we are going to explore some uses
of the verb verb to be.
We have already talked about the importance of thinking about the purpose of
your trip before choosing the best accommodation for you. This is the question
we ask when we want to know this type of information. Take a look:
What is the purpose of your trip?

Let’s pay special attention to the verb is. As you probably know, this is one of the
conjugations of the verb to be in the present. And we can use to be to refer to a
permanent or temporary state.
The verb to be is very frequent in English, and it has several functions. Both its
conjugation and the sentence structure are unique when compared to other verbs
in English; that’s why it is so important to understand it well.
Let’s start by talking about some uses of the verb to be. Take a look at the
examples:
CHARACTERISTICS
Características
Hostels are popular among solo travelers.

Albergues são populares entre pessoas que viajam sozinhas.
We can use this verb to talk about characteristics. In the example, popular is a
characteristic of hostels.

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To be is also used to talk about occupations. Check it out:
OCCUPATION
Profissão
I am a teacher
Albergues são populares entre pessoas que viajam sozinhas.
The word teacher refers to an occupation.

We use to be to talk about locations too. For example:
LOCATION
Localização
The Boulevard Hotel is downtown.

O Hotel Boulevard fica no centro da cidade.
And an important detail: we use to be to talk about age, which

might sound strange to speakers of other languages. Look:
AGE
Idade
The Beverly Hills Hotel is 107 years old.

O Hotel Beverly Hills tem 107 anos de idade.
O Hotel Beverly Hills está com 107 anos de idade
The basic structure of the verb to be in the affirmative form is:
SIMPLE PRESENT – VERB TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE FORM Subject + Verb To Be + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo To Be + Complemento

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There are three variations of the verb in the present: am, is, and are. What determines
the one you will use is the subject of the sentence. Take a look:

Affirmative
I AM / I’M I’m a teacher

Eu sou/estou Eu sou professor(a).
YOU ARE / YOU’RE You are a student.

Você é/está Você é aluno(a).
HE IS / HE’S He is a guest at the hotel.

Ele é/está Ele é um hóspede no hotel.
SHE IS / SHE’S She is a receptionist at the inn.

Ela é/está Ela é recepcionista na pousada.
IT IS / IT’S It is a business trip.

Ele/Ela é/está É uma viagem de negócios
WE ARE / WE’RE We are smart.

Nós somos/estamos Nós somos inteligentes.
YOU ARE / YOU’RE You are my students.

Vocês são/estão Vocês são meus alunos.
THEY ARE / THEY’RE They are on a tourism trip.

Eles/Elas são/estão Eles estão em uma viagem de turismo.
As you can see, each person will determine the variation of the verb to be that is
supposed to be used.
In the negative form, we just add not right after the verb to be. So, the general
structure is:
NEGATIVE FORM Subject + Verb To Be + NOT + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo To Be + NOT + Complemento

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Let’s see some examples:

Negative Form
I am not a student.
Eu não sou aluno(a).
It is not a honeymoon trip.

Não é uma viagem de lua de mel.
They are not on a business trip.

Eles não estão em uma viagem de negócios.
In the previous examples, the verb does not form a contraction with the particle not.
When that happens, there is emphasis on the negative idea.
In everyday English, the contracted form of the verb + not is quite common. For example:

Negative Contracted Form
It isn’t a honeymoon trip.

Não é uma viagem de lua de mel.
They aren’t on a business trip.

The contracted form is not commonly used for the first person singular. We normally use
the full form instead.
The general structure of the interrogative form is:
INTERROGATIVE FORM Subject + Verb To Be + NOT + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo To Be + NOT + Complemento

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As you can see, the interrogative form is very simple. We simply swap the subject
with the verb to be in the sentence. The complement remains in the same position.
Take a look at some examples:

Interrogative Form
Is it a family trip?
É uma viagem em família?
Are you at the hotel?

Você está no hotel?
Regardless of the persons, the interrogative form will be made the

same way.
We have seen some of the uses of the verb to be, as well as its
affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms in the simple present.
Now, take a look at another situation in which we use this verb:
We are studying English.

Nós estamos estudando inglês.
This sentence does not refer to a characteristic, an occupation, location, or age. The
main action in this sentence is studying. Nonetheless, the verb to be (are) is placed
right before the main verb.
This structure is called present continuous, and it indicates an action in progress in
the present. Have a look at its basic structure in the affirmative form:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
AFFIRMATIVE FORM Subject + Verb To Be + Main Verb in the -ING Form

Sujeito + Verbo To Be + Verbo Principal na Forma -ING

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In this structure, the verb to be works as an auxiliary verb, and the main verb,
the one that indicates the action in progress, is in the -ING form.
Have a look at the basic structure for the negative form:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
NEGATIVE FORM Subject + Verb To Be + + NOT + Main Verb in the -ING Form
Sujeito + Verbo To Be + NOT + Verbo Principal na Forma -ING
As you can see, the negative form is like the verb to be in

structure: we just add not to the sentence right after the verb to be,
then we use the main verb with -ING, and then the complement.
For example:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Negative Form
We aren’t studying Japanese.

Nós não estamos estudando japonês.
In this case, we have the subject we, then the verb to be (are + not,
or aren’t), followed by the main verb study in the -ING form, and
the complement.
The interrogative form follows the same structure of the verb to
be in the present, that is, we swap the verb to be with the subject:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
INTERROGATIVE FORM Verb To Be + Subject + Main Verb in the -ING Form

Verbo To Be + Sujeito + Verbo Principal na Forma -ING

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For example:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Negative Form
Are you traveling for work?

Você está viajando a trabalho?
As you can see, the verb to be starts the question, followed by the
subject and the main verb in the -ING form.
To sum up, in this lesson you have learned that when the verb to be is the main verb, we are
usually talking about occupation, location, characteristics, or age, and that its use may indicate
either a temporary or permanent state.
But when we use it in the present continuous, the verb to be is just an auxiliary verb. The main
verb is the one that carries meaning, and it will always come with the suffix -ING to describe an
action in progress, that is, something that is happening in the present.
For more details on this topic, check the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Simple Present – Verb To Be Page 230

Present Continuous Page 205
-ING Form Page 234
Interrogative Form Page 181

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Part 5.
Grammar
A. Match the sentences with the idea they convey.
Activities
( 1 ) Characteristic ( 3 ) Location ( 5 ) Action in progress
( 2 ) Occupation ( 4 ) Age
a) ( ) T he Boulevard Hotel is downtown.

O Hotel Boulevard fica no centro da cidade.
b) ( ) I am a teacher.
Eu sou professor.
c) ( )W
e are studying English.
d) ( ) T he Beverly Hills Hotel is 107 years old.

O Hotel Beverly Hills tem 107 anos de idade.
e) ( ) We are smart.

Nós somos inteligentes.
f) ( ) Are you at the hotel?

Você está no hotel?
B. Fill in the blanks with the correct word(s) according to the translation.
a) W hat the purpose of your trip?

b) We English.

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c) We Japanese.
f. I am not / I’m not

Nós não estamos estudando japonês.
e. are not / aren’t

d) it a family trip?
É uma viagem em família?
d. Is
e) T hey on a business trip.
re not studying /
aren’t studying
b. are studying
f) a student.
a. is
c. a
Eu não sou aluno(a)
Activity A –
a. 3 / b. 2 /
c. 5 / d. 4 /
Answers
e. 1 / f. 3
Notes

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2
Reservation
Part 1.
Video Script You already know the purpose of your trip, and now you can start looking for
the best accommodation for you. You should think about comfort, privacy, and,
of course, your budget. Making reservations online is usually a nice idea, but it
is important that you know how to use the platform to filter your options and
make your search easier. In this chapter, we will give you some tips on how
you can do that. And you will also learn some useful structures to help you
Now look at the script of Reservation.
RESERVATION
[At home using a laptop]

Carla:
Here’s a little tip for you: a great way to know if that’s going to be the
hotel you want to stay at is to read the reviews. We’ve got the Suites
Santa Clarita, that looks like it’s going to be a little far away from where
I’m going to be working. Regency Valencia, oh no! That definitely
doesn’t look like a place I would stay. Suites Valencia…well, it has a nice
pool...
So, let’s see what they have to say about the Suites Valencia. Oh,
this looks like a good review! “Very pleased with this hotel, would
recommend it to everyone.” OK, so “very pleased” means they were
super happy with everything about the hotel, and they got upgraded!
Oh my God! An upgrade is the best! When you go to a hotel and they
offer you an upgrade, that means they’re giving you a better room than
what you reserved! So I like that!
And they said the bed was extremely comfortable, so extremely

comfortable means, like, “Hey, it was like sleeping on a cloud!” I like that!
Because there’s nothing better than a good night’s sleep, especially
when you’re going on a business trip, right? The only thing that they
were disappointed with was the noise from the road. So that probably
means it’s close to a busy area. But that’s OK! Because, you know, bring
ear plugs, right? And then you’ll be fine!

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They’ve got fast wi-fi; that’s important. So you can stay in touch with
your friends and family. Oh, but the breakfast menu was small. So, that
means that there wasn’t a lot of options to choose from for breakfast.
But, that’s OK, because they’re in a great location, so you could just go
out for a meal. You know, I think I’m going to reserve the Suites Valencia.
So, our next step is to make reservations!
[Using the laptop to make her hotel reservation]

Carla:
So, there’s a few things to think about when you’re making a hotel
reservation. One is your check-in date and your check-out date. That
means the date that you’re arriving and the date that you’re leaving.
So, you can see here I’m checking in on Sunday, and then leaving the
following Saturday, so I’m planning to stay for six nights. The other thing
that’s important is the type of room. So, do you want a king-size room
with a large bed? Or maybe a double room with two large beds? Or
maybe a single room with one twin bed. I have chosen a king room with
one king bed. For six nights!
Another thing that’s really important to think about is where your room
is located. So, do you want a view of the pool maybe? Or maybe the
mountains? Or do you want to be facing the street? All those things are
pretty important to think about when you’re making a hotel reservation.
So, you can see here: for 6 nights, it’s going to cost me US$1,224.00.
But there are taxes! And, in the U.S., taxes are always separate from
the price that you’re going to pay for something. So, when you pay for
a meal, perhaps, or even when you’re booking a hotel, the price that
you see is only the price for that particular thing. So, in this case, this is
just the price for the room. When you check out, then you get to see all
the extra taxes that you have to pay. So, there are things like city tax,
tourism tax, service tax, and that all adds up. With that in mind, I’m
going to go ahead and reserve this hotel room.

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RESERVAS
[Em casa, no notebook]

Carla:
Aqui vai uma dica: ler as resenhas é um ótimo jeito de saber se este será
o hotel em que você vai se hospedar. Temos o Suítes Santa Clarita, mas
parece que é um pouco longe de onde vou trabalhar. Regency Valencia?
Não! Esse definitivamente não parece um lugar onde eu me hospedaria.
Suítes Valencia... bem, esse tem uma boa piscina...
Vamos ver o que falaram sobre o Suítes Valencia. Ah, essa parece ser
uma ótima resenha! “Muito satisfeito com esse hotel, e o recomendaria
para qualquer pessoa!” OK, “muito satisfeito” quer dizer que eles ficaram
superfelizes com tudo no hotel, e eles receberam um upgrade de quarto!
Gente! Um upgrade é a melhor coisa! Quando um hotel te oferece um
upgrade, isso quer dizer que você está ganhando um quarto melhor do
que o que você reservou. Eu gosto disso!
E eles disseram que as camas são extremamente confortáveis.

Extremamente confortável é tipo: “Uau, é como dormir em uma nuvem!”
Eu gosto disso! Porque não há nada melhor do que uma boa noite
de sono, especialmente quando você está viajando a negócios, não
é mesmo? A única coisa que os decepcionou foi o barulho vindo da
estrada. Isso provavelmente significa que o hotel é próximo de uma área
movimentada. Mas tudo bem! Porque você pode levar um protetor de
ouvido, e tudo vai ficar bem!
O wi-fi é rápido, o que é importante, porque você pode manter contato

com sua família e amigos. Ah, mas o menu de café da manhã era
pequeno. Isso quer dizer que não havia muitas opções para se escolher
no café da manhã. Mas tudo bem, porque eles estão bem localizados,
então você pode sair para comer algo. Sabe, acho que vou reservar um
quarto no Suites Valencia. Então, o próximo passo é fazer a reserva!
[Usando o notebook para fazer a reserva]

Carla:
Tem algumas coisas que você deve lembrar quando está reservando
seu hotel. Uma delas é a a data de check-in e a de check-out. Ou seja,
quando você vai chegar e quando vai embora. Como vocês podem
ver, estou chegando no domingo e indo embora no sábado seguinte;
portanto, estou planejando ficar por seis noites. Outra coisa importante
é o tipo de quarto. Você quer um quarto tamanho king com uma cama
grande? Ou talvez um quarto duplo com duas camas grandes? Ou talvez
um quarto de solteiro com uma cama só? Eu escolhi o quarto king, com
uma cama king, por seis noites!

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Outra coisa importante de se pensar é a localização do quarto. Talvez

você queira uma vista para a piscina? Ou talvez para as montanhas? Ou
talvez você queira ficar de frente para a rua? Todas essas coisas são
importantes de se lembrar quando você está fazendo sua reserva.
Como vocês podem ver, são 6 noites pelo preço de US$1.224,00, mas
ainda tem os impostos! E os impostos nos Estados Unidos são sempre
separados do valor que você vai pagar por algo. Logo, quando você
paga por uma refeição, ou até faz uma reserva de hotel, o preço que
você vê é somente o preço do item sendo comprado. Neste caso, é
somente o preço do quarto. Quando você faz o check-out é que você vê
todos os adicionais e impostos que devem ser pagos. Tem os impostos
municipais, de turismo, impostos de serviço, eles vão se somando. Com
isso em mente, eu vou reservar esse quarto de hotel.

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Part 2.
Vocabulary
In the last chapter, we talked about the importance of defining the purpose of your
trip before choosing the most appropriate type of lodging. If you go to a tourist
destination, like LA, NY, or Miami, there will be way too many options. Let’s take a
look at a list of questions that may help you decide:
Where do you want to stay? What is the most appropriate location?

Onde você quer ficar? Qual é a localização mais apropriada
How many people are staying in the room? How long are you staying at the hotel?
Quantas pessoas vão ficar no quarto? Por quanto tempo você vai ficar hospedado?
What are the facilities and amenities you would like the hotel to have?
Quais instalações e comodidades você gostaria que o hotel tivesse?
With the answers to these questions, you can use a search filter and narrow down your
options. When doing your research, use the filters for location, number of people per room,
check-in and checkout dates, and the facilities and amenities you would like the hotel to have.
When looking for a hotel, you should

know what kind of facilities and
amenities are available to be used as
a filter, so you can find one that really
meets your needs. Here is the first one
you may want to consider:
Parking
Serviço de estacionamento

26
If you intend to rent a car, you will want to find a hotel that offers parking services. In
some cities like Orlando, Miami, and Atlanta, hotels usually offer free parking to their
guests. And you can filter your search using these exact words: free parking.
Here’s another amenity you may want to consider:
Think about your morning plans and if you

are going to have breakfast at the hotel. If
you decide to do so, you should also filter
your search by breakfast.
If you are traveling with kids during
summertime, it might be fun to find some
options for them. Some hotels will even
offer babysitting services. Here is a list of
options they may offer:
Breakfast
Café da manhã
O PT I O N S FO R C H I L D R E N
Swimming pool Kids’ play area

Piscina Área de entretenimento infantil
Babysitter
Babá

27
The next step is to analyze the ratings and reviews.

The online platforms for hotel reservations typically work with two kinds of rating: the hotel
ratings, which will tell you if it is a two-star, three-star, a four-star hotel and so on; and they
may also provide guest ratings, which is the rating according to the guests’ evaluation.
Guest reviews tend to be much more reliable, and they will tell you the ups and downs of every
possible option.
Of course, each hotel may have a huge number of reviews, so the tip is to focus on the rating
and look for keywords and expressions that will help you choose. For example, if location
matters to you, you should pay attention to expressions like:
Great Location Close to downtown Near tourist spots

Ótima localização Perto do centro da cidade Perto de pontos turísticos
If you are really into central, busy locations, look

for the following expression: In the heart of the city
No coração da cidade
This will mean it is in a central spot.

But if you are looking for a calm, peaceful area, Quiet neighborhood
look for the word quiet, as in, for example: Bairro silencioso
Reviews that contain the words nice and great

Nice breakfast; great selection of options
are also a good indication. Look:
Bom café da manhã; ótima variedade de opções
It is always good to be able to count on the staff

to help you with unexpected problems. So, this Helpful staff
next one is also a very good indication: Funcionários solícitos
Regarding the room, you should look for

adjectives, such as clean, comfortable, and Clean, comfortable, and spacious room
spacious. Here is an example: Quarto limpo, confortável e espaçoso

28
After choosing the main features, location, and facilities, analyzing prices,
and reading reviews, it is time for you to make up your mind and proceed
with the reservation.
This is what you will be asked to inform:
I N FO R M AT I O N R E Q U I R E D FO R R ES E RVAT I O N S
Check-in date Number of rooms

Data do check-in Número de quartos
Checkout date Number of adults/children

Data do checkout Número de adultos/crianças
Number of nights
Número de diárias
The number of adults and children will probably be in different fields, since many
hotels don’t charge for children up to a certain age. They are just placed in the same
room as their parents.
After that, you will decide on the type of room, the bed size, and the view. As we
have already seen, a room usually considers the number of occupants or the size of
the bed. In this case, these could be your options:
T Y P ES O F RO O M S
Twin room Queen room King room

Quarto com duas camas Quarto com cama queen Quarto com cama king

29
Some hotels use the names queen room and king room, because they are usually bigger than
standard rooms, and this already indicates the bed size.
Concerning bed sizes, besides single, double, queen-size, and king-size beds, you can also
find these options:
T YPES OF BEDS
Twin bed size Twin beds

Cama de viúva Duas camas idênticas
Finally, you will choose the view that best fits your budget, since it also affects the
price of the room. Here are some of the most popular options:
T Y P ES O F V I E WS
Ocean view City view

Vista para o mar Vista para a cidade
Pool view Garden view

Vista para a piscina Vista para o jardim
Now you’re ready to narrow down the hotel options based on the purpose of your
trip. You also know how to evaluate ratings and make an online reservation.

30
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Facilities ( 7 ) Babysitter ( ) Ótima localização ( ) Avaliações dos hóspedes
( 2 ) Amenities ( 8 ) Hotel rating ( ) Café da manhã ( ) Instalações

( ) Cama de viúva ( ) Classificação do hotel
( 3 ) Parking ( 9 ) Guest reviews
( )D
atas de ( )Á
rea de entretenimento
( 4 ) Breakfast ( 10 ) Twin bed size
entrada e saída infantil
( 5 ) Swimming pool ( 11 ) Great location ( ) Babá ( ) Comodidades
( 6 ) Kids’ play area ( 12 ) C
heck-in and ( )P
iscina ( )S
erviço de
checkout dates estacionamento
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word according to the translation.
a) Nice ; great selection of options.

Bom café da manhã; ótima variedade de opções.
b) Close to .
Perto do centro da cidade.
c) Near .
d. amenities
Perto de pontos turísticos.

e. location
c. tourist spots f. Clean
d) W hat are the facilities and you would like the hotel
to have?
b. downtown
a. breakfast
Quais instalações e comodidades você gostaria que o hotel tivesse?
e) W hat is the most appropriate ?

Qual é a localização mais apropriada?
11 / 4 / 10 / 12 / 7 / 5 /
9/1/8/6/2/3
f) , comfortable, and spacious room.

Quarto limpo, confortável e espaçoso.

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Part 4.
Grammar
In this chapter, we are going to talk about adjectives, the comparative form, and the
superlative form.
Adjectives are used to describe or qualify things, people, places, animals, etc. Therefore,
they refer to nouns or to pronouns, which are used to replace nouns in a sentence.
Let’s see some examples.
In this sentence, we have the noun location and the

Great location adjective great. Notice that we use the adjective first
Ótima localização and then the noun.
Localização ótima
Take a look at the next sentence:
Here, the noun is breakfast, and the adjective is nice.

Nice breakfast And the position of the adjective continues to be before
Bom café da manhã the noun.
Café da manhã bom
Let’s see another one:
Now, comfortable is the adjective, and room is the

Comfortable room
noun. Again, the noun follows the adjective. This is the
Quarto confortável
most common position for adjectives in English.
Besides describing and qualifying, we can also use adjectives to make

comparisons. You may want to compare two hotels, two rooms, or two cities. In
English, there is a specific structure for comparisons.
Check it out:
I think London is as beautiful as New York.

Eu acho que Londres é tão bonita quanto Nova York.

32
When we say as beautiful as, we convey the idea that both cities
are equally beautiful. That is, we express an idea of equality. Notice
that we use the verb to be to help express that opinion. The basic
structure to express equality is:
EXPRESSING E QUALIT Y
AS + ADJECTIVE + AS
The adjective is used in this structure without any change

whatsoever. Let’s see another example:
Room 202 is as comfortable as room 204.

O quarto 202 é tão confortável quanto o quarto 204.
Here we use the structure we have just seen to say that both rooms are
comfortable, and that they are both the same when it comes to comfort too.
Observe that to be is once again the main verb of the sentence.
One more example:
The Hills Inn is as clean as the Beverly Hotel.

O Hills Inn é tão limpo quanto o Beverly Hotel.
Here we are comparing two hotels considering cleanliness and saying that both
are equally clean.
So far, all the comparisons have been about equality. But when we want to say
that one thing is superior when compared to something else, we will have to use
the comparative of superiority.
The structure is different from that of the comparative of equality, and it will
depend on the type of adjective that we are working with. So, in order to
understand that, we need to separate the adjectives into two groups: short and
long adjectives.

33
Let’s consider the group of short adjectives first. They are adjectives
with one syllable or adjectives with two syllables ending in Y.
Take a look at some examples:
S H O RT A DJ E CT I V ES
Cheap Smart Clean

Barato(a) Esperto(a) / inteligente Limpo(a)
Dirty Busy
Sujo(a) Ocupado(a)
For this group of adjectives, the comparative of superiority works like this:
COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORIT Y
SHORT ADJECTIVE + -ER / -IER + THAN
Now, let’s take a look at some examples:
Motels are normally cheaper than hotels.

Motéis geralmente são mais baratos do que hotéis.
Hostels can be busier than hotels.

Albergues podem ser mais movimentados do que hotéis.
As you can see, we add -er at the end of short adjectives. In the case the short
adjective ends in Y, we drop the Y and add -ier. The complete structure ends
when we add the word than, which is followed by the second element that we
are using to compare with the first. For instance, in the previous example, we are
comparing motels to hotels. So we use than when we name the second object
of comparison.

34
The structure is going to be different with the group of long adjectives. They can be adjectives
with two syllables not ending in Y, and with three or more syllables. Let’s see some examples:
LO N G A DJ E CT I V ES
Comfortable Spacious
Confortável Espaçoso(a)
Sophisticated Appropriate
Sofisticado(a) Apropriado(a)
In these cases, the structure will be the following:
LONG ADJE CTIVES
MORE + LONG ADJECTIVE + THAN
Now check the examples:
Room 202 is more comfortable than room 808.

O quarto 202 é mais confortável do que o quarto 808.
As you can see, comfortable is considered a long adjective. We do not add any
syllables to it. Instead, we use more before the adjective, and keep the word than
right after it, for we are naming the second room to which we are referring.
Let’s see another example:
The king room is more spacious than the queen room.

O quarto com a cama king é mais espaçoso do que o
quarto com a cama queen.

35
Since the adjective spacious is a long one, we used the structure more spacious
than to compare the king room to the queen room.
So, you have learned that we use the comparative form whenever we want to
compare two elements. But if we want to compare one thing to all of the others in
the same category, then we will need to use a different structure: the superlative
form.
To understand how the superlative form works, let’s continue dealing with two
groups of adjectives: short and long ones. For the short ones, the superlative form
will have the following structure:
THE SUPERL ATIVE FORM
THE + SHORT ADJECTIVE + -EST / -IEST
As you can see, we must add a suffix to short adjectives as well, but this time
we will add -est or -iest, and the definite article the before the adjective. Let’s
see the examples:
The Greenleaf Hostel is the cheapest in town.

O Albergue Greenleaf é o mais barato da cidade.
Notice that the cheapest means that no other hostel in town costs less than
the Greenleaf. And in the sentence, there’s in town, which tells us that we are
comparing this hostel to all of the others in the same city.
Take a look at this next example:
Valencia Suites is the prettiest hotel I know.

O Valencia Suites é o hotel mais bonito que eu conheço.
Here we’ve used pretty, a short adjective ending in Y. So, in the superlative form,
we drop the y and add iest to form the superlative.

36
Now, with long adjectives, we do not add a suffix. Look at the structure:
THE SUPERL ATIVE FORM
THE MOST + LONG ADJECTIVE
As you can see, we just use the most before long adjectives to form
the superlative. Check out some examples:
The Five Pearls is the most sophisticated hotel in New York.

O Five Pearls é o hotel mais sofisticado de Nova York.
Regency Suites has the most appropriate location of all.

O Regency Suites tem a localização mais apropriada de todas.
As you can see, sophisticated and appropriate are long adjectives, so all we
have to do to form the superlative is use the most before them
So far, we have seen the structures of the comparative of superiority and the
superlative of short and long adjectives. But some adjectives do not follow the
same pattern—they have irregular comparative and superlative forms. There are
only a few cases, and, among the most frequent ones, we will highlight three.
Take a look:
IRRE GUL AR COMPARATIVE AND SUPERL ATIVE FORMS
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE FORM SUPERLATIVE FORM
good better than the best

bom/boa melhor do que o/a melhor
bad worse than the worst

ruim pior do que o/a pior
far farther than the farthest

longe mais longe do que o/a mais longe

37
Now check out these examples:
Hotels are better than motels if you want sophistication.

Hotéis são melhores do que motéis se você deseja sofisticação.
Leaving from São Paulo, Toronto is farther than Los Angeles.

Saindo de São Paulo, Toronto é mais distante do que Los Angeles.
From my point of view, the Blue Lake is the best hotel in town.
No meu ponto de vista, o Blue Lake é o melhor hotel da cidade.
So, in this lesson we have talked about adjectives and the structures we use in the
comparative and superlative forms. For more about these topics, go to the Grammar
Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Adjectives Page 166

Comparative Form Page 176
Superlative Form Page 239

38
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Mark the options that best explain the function of the structures in bold.
Activities
a) Room 202 is as comfortable as room 204. ( 1 ) comparative of equality

O quarto 202 é tão confortável quanto o quarto 204.
( 2 ) comparative of superiority
b) Hostels can be busier than hotels. ( 1 ) superlative

( 2 ) comparative of superiority
c) The Greenleaf Hostel is the cheapest in town. ( 1 ) comparative of superiority

( 2 ) superlative
d) Regency Suites has the most appropriate location of all. ( 1 ) superlative

O Regency Suites tem a localização mais apropriada de todas.
( 2 ) comparative of equality
e) The king room is more spacious than the queen room. ( 1 ) comparative of superiority
O quarto com a cama king é mais espaçoso do que o quarto com

a cama queen.
f) The Hills Inn is as clean as the Beverly Hotel. ( 1 ) superlative

a) Motels are normally than hotels.

Motéis geralmente são mais baratos do que hotéis.
b) Hostels can be than hotels.


39
c) Room 202 is than room 808.

O quarto 202 é mais confortável do que o quarto 808.
e. the cheapest
f. as clean as
d. the best
d) From my point of view, the Blue Lake is hotel in
town.
No meu ponto de vista, o Blue Lake é o melhor hotel da cidade.
c. more comfortable
e) T he Greenleaf Hostel is in town.
a. cheaper
b. busier
f) T he Hills Inn is the Beverly Hotel.
d. 1 / e. 1 / f. 2
a. 1 / b. 2 / c. 2 /
Notes

40
3
Check-in
Part 1.
Video Script So you have picked your hotel, made your reservation, and now it is time for you to check in.
There are still a few things you should know before you get to the front desk, though. In this
chapter, we will give you some useful tips, so you can easily go through this process, from
arriving at your hotel to getting to your room. Besides that, as usual, you will also learn some
important structures that will help you improve your skills.
Now look at the script of Check-in.
CHE CK-IN
[Voice over]
Carla:
And here I am! I’ve just landed in Los Angeles, and I’m on my way to the
hotel! I did my research, read some reviews, chose the most appropriate
hotel according to my travel plans, made my reservation, and now it’s
time to check-in! Let’s go for it!
[At the hotel front desk]

Katie (front-desk clerk):
Good afternoon, welcome to Valencia Suites! How may I help you?
Carla:
Hi, I’m Carla Sanchez, I have a reservation.

Great! Very well. Under Sanchez: S-A-N-C-H-E-Z?
Carla:
Yeah!

Great!
Carla:
I have a reservation code if you need it.

No, that’s okay, I’ve found you here. You’re staying with us for six nights,
right?

42
Carla:
I am.

Great, I’m going to need some identification, please.
Carla:
Oh, yeah! I love that picture!

That’s a great picture! Alright; and your credit card, please.
Carla:
Well, I’ve already paid everything in advance.

Oh, yes. It’s all taken care of, but the credit card is for incidentals. It’s like
a safety net. And you won’t be charged.
Carla:
Well, what are incidentals?

Incidentals are, for instance, if you want to order room service, or order a
movie.
Carla:
Oh, OK. Here you go.

Thank you.
Carla:
I trust you!

You can trust me, Ms. Sanchez. Perfect! There you go! And do you need
valet parking?
Carla:
No, I’m okay.

Your room number is 547, you can access the internet with your room
number and last name. The elevators are down to your left, and the
bellboy will take your bags.

43
Carla:
But you want me to leave my luggage here?

Yes, you can leave your bags right there.
Carla:
Okay, alright.

We’ll take care of it.
Carla:
Okay, I trust you, Katie!

You can trust me, Ms. Sanchez. Enjoy your stay!
Carla:
Thank you!

You’re welcome.
Carla:
Bye-bye!

Bye!
[Voice over]
Carla:
Having a reservation really makes things easier and faster at the check-
in. I had my reservation code with me, which we should always keep
at hand. But since it was under my name, I didn’t even have to use the
code! I confess that the incidentals took me a little bit by surprise. I was
not fully aware that the hotel would ask for an authorization to hold on
to my credit card at the check-in. Procedures...Let’s take a look at the
bedroom now!
[Entering her room]

Carla:
Wow! This room is incredible!

44
CHE CK-IN
[Em off]
Carla:
E aqui estou! Acabei de pousar em Los Angeles, e estou a caminho do
hotel! Eu fiz minha pesquisa, li algumas resenhas, escolhi o hotel mais
apropriado para meus planos de viagem, fiz minha reserva, e agora é a
hora de fazer o check-in! Vamos lá!
[Na recepção do hotel]

Katie ( recepcionista do hotel):
Boa-tarde! Bem-vinda ao Suítes Valencia! Como posso ajudar?
Carla:
Olá, meu nome é Carla Sanchez, e eu tenho uma reserva.

Ótimo! Muito bem. Em nome de Sanchez: S-A-N-C-H-E-Z?
Carla:
Sim!

Ótimo!
Carla:
Eu tenho o código da reserva, caso você precise.

Não, tudo certo, já encontrei a senhora no sistema. A senhora ficará
conosco por seis noites, certo?
Carla:
Sim.

Ótimo, vou precisar de um documento, por favor.
Carla:
Sim! Eu amo essa foto!

É uma ótima foto! Muito bem, e seu cartão de crédito, por favor.
Carla:
Mas eu já paguei tudo adiantado.

45

Sim, já está tudo certo, mas o cartão é para alguma despesa extra. É
como se fosse um seguro, e a senhora não será cobrada.
Carla:
Bem, o que seriam essas despesas extras?

Caso a senhora queira pedir algo do serviço de quarto, ou assistir a um
filme, por exemplo.
Carla:
Ah, OK. Aqui está.

Muito obrigada.
Carla:
Eu confio em você!

Pode confiar em mim, Senhora Sanchez.
Carla:
Perfeito!

Pronto! E a senhora precisa de manobrista?
Carla:
Não, não preciso.

O número do seu quarto é 547; a senhora pode acessar a internet com
esse número e seu sobrenome. Os elevadores estão à sua esquerda, e o
carregador levará as suas malas.
Carla:
Mas você quer que eu deixe minhas malas aqui?

Sim, a senhora pode deixá-las logo ali.
Carla:
OK, muito bem.

46

Nós tomaremos conta delas.
Carla:
OK, estou confiando em você, Katie!

Pode confiar em mim, Senhora Sanchez. Aproveite sua estadia!
Carla:
Muito obrigada!

De nada.
Carla:
Tchau, tchau!

Tchau!
[Em off]
Carla:
Ter uma reserva facilita as coisas no check-in! Eu tinha meu código de
reserva comigo, que devemos sempre ter à mão! Mas, como a reserva
estava em meu nome, eu nem tive que usar o código! Eu confesso que
as despesas extras me pegaram um pouco de surpresa. Eu não estava
completamente ciente de que o hotel iria pedir uma caução no meu
cartão de crédito durante o check-in. Faz parte...
[Entrando em seu quarto]

Carla:
Vamos dar uma olhada no quarto agora! Uau! Este quarto é incrível!

47
Part 2.
Vocabulary
Once you get to the hotel, you should proceed to the reception or front desk; that is
where you will check-in. In general, here is what happens then:
G R E E T I N G S / C U M P R I M E N TO S
Tell the front-desk clerk your reservation code and/or name and present your documents.
Dê o código da sua reserva ou seu nome ao(à) recepcionista e mostre seus documentos.
Inform your credit card number for incidentals.

Dê o número do seu cartão de crédito para eventuais despesas extras.
Be informed about parking, Wi-Fi access, and breakfast.

Informe-se sobre estacionamento, acesso ao Wi-Fi e café da manhã.
Now let’s go over each of these

interactions separately. Here is the first one: Hello. / Hi.
Olá. / Oi.
Informal greetings like Hi or Hello are

common when dealing with services, and you Good morning.
don’t have to worry about being too formal. Bom-dia.
You can also go for a more neutral register

and just say:
Good afternoon.
Boa-tarde.
Good evening.
Boa-noite.

48
Remember that Good night and Good evening are both used at night, but Good
night is only used as a farewell. For example, if you are going to bed and you are
saying goodbye, then you say: Good night or Have a good night.
The person working at the front desk is usually called front-desk clerk, and here is
what you will probably hear from them:
How can I help you?

How may I help you?
Como posso te ajudar?
If you are ready to talk

about your reservation I have a reservation for (five) nights.
you can say, for example: Eu tenho uma reserva para (cinco) noites/diárias.
If you wish, you can inform your name right afterwards. So you could say:
I have a reservation for (five) nights. It’s under (Carlos Lopes).

Eu tenho uma reserva para (cinco) noites.
Está no nome de (Carlos Lopes).
If you don’t inform the name on the reservation right away, the clerk
will probably ask you:
What is your name and last name?

Qual o seu nome e sobrenome?
Under whose name is the reservation?

No nome de quem está a reserva?
The name might be a little different from what Americans are used to
hearing, so they may ask you:
Can you spell it, please?

Você pode soletrar, por favor?

49
You probably won’t have to spell

anything if they ask you the Do you have a reservation code?
following: Você tem um código de reserva?
As soon as the clerk finds your reservation, either by your name or by the reservation
code, they will check the information and confirm it with you.
They will say something like this:
Mr. Lopes, you have a reservation for an executive suite for five nights. Is that correct?
Senhor Lopes, o senhor tem uma reserva para uma suíte executiva por cinco noites. Está correto?
I need some identification, please.

Eu preciso de um documento de identidade, por favor.
In some hotel chains in the U.S. and around the world, the clerk will
ask for a credit card number upon check-in for incidentals.
Incidentals are just additional expenses you might have during your stay, like
pay-per-view movies or room service—it works as a guarantee to cover extra
services or even damage to the property. Even if you have already paid for your
reservation, this is a standard check-in procedure, and the clerk will probably tell
you something like this:
I just need your credit card for incidentals.

Eu só preciso do seu cartão de crédito para eventuais despesas extras / como caução.
Could you give me a credit card number for incidentals?

Poderia me dar um número de cartão de crédito para eventuais despesas extras / como caução?

50
Lastly, the clerk will hand you

the key and tell you your room
Your room number is 208. Here is your key.
number. It will be something like:
O número do seu quarto é 208. Aqui está a sua chave.
If the clerk doesn’t tell you the

Wi-Fi network and password,
you can ask by saying: How do I connect to the hotel Wi-Fi?
Como eu me conecto ao Wi-Fi do hotel?
They will tell you which network you should use, then the username, and finally, the
password. For example:
Use our guests’ network.

Use a rede para hóspedes.
The username is your last name, and the password is your room number.
O nome de usuário é o seu último sobrenome, e a senha é o número do quarto.
You can access the internet with your room number and your last name.
Você pode acessar a internet com seu número de quarto e seu último sobrenome.
Another topic that might come up during check-in concerns the use of the parking
lot. If you plan to rent a car, you will need parking services. Some hotels offer free
parking to their guests; others don’t. So, it’s advisable to check it while making your
reservation. You can also ask during the check-in. You can say:
Is there a parking lot in the hotel? What are the charges?

Têm estacionamento no hotel? Como é cobrado?

51
The question could also come from the clerk. Take a look:
Do you need parking?

Você precisa de estacionamento?
Do you need valet parking?

Você precisa de manobrista?
You should also ask about breakfast. If you are not sure, ask about the time and
place where breakfast is served. Concerning the time, you can ask:
What time do your serve breakfast?

A que horas o café da manhã é servido?
And you will hear something like:
Breakfast is served from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m.

O café da manhã é servido das 6h às 9h da manhã.
To ask about the place, you can say:
Where is breakfast served?

Onde o café da manhã é servido?
And the clerk might answer:
Breakfast is served on the third floor.

O café da manhã é servido no terceiro andar.

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Depending on the facilities available at the hotel, there are all kinds
of questions you could ask the clerk during the check-in, or at any
other moment, such as:
Where is the gym center?

Onde fica a academia?
What time does the swimming pool close?

A que horas a piscina fecha?
Until what time is the restaurant open?

Até que horas o restaurante fica aberto?
If you are lucky, you could also get some upgrades for your stay. Upgrades are
a benefit sometimes offered by hotel-chain reward or loyalty programs or even
through credit-card reward programs. It is something you can request upon
check-in.
First, you should check the hotel website for the possible upgrades.
Then you can ask the clerk:
Is my credit card eligible for a room upgrade?

O meu cartão de crédito me dá direito a um upgrade de quarto?
Can I change rooms or get some kind of upgrade?

Posso mudar de quarto ou conseguir algum tipo de upgrade?
Upgrades won’t always be possible, so be ready to get a negative answer such as:
We don’t have any other rooms available.

Nós não temos nenhum outro quarto disponível.

53
Some accents can be different, and people may speak lower or

faster than you are used to hearing, which can compromise your
comprehension. Here are some sentences you can use in case you
need to ask for clarification. The simplest ones are:
Sorry? Pardon me?

Desculpe? Perdão?
Can you repeat that, please? I’m sorry, I didn’t understand what you said.
Você pode repetir, por favor? Desculpe, eu não entendi o que você disse.
Finally, after getting all the information you need, this is what you might
hear if the hotel has a bellboy or bellhop service:
The bellboy will take your luggage.

O carregador vai levar suas malas.
Now you know step by step how to proceed during the check-in at the hotel, as well as common
interactions that may happen throughout this process.

54
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Front desk ( 7 ) Parking lot ( ) Código de reserva ( ) Despesas extras
( 2 ) Front-desk clerk ( 8 ) Bellboy/Bellhop ( ) Café da manhã ( ) Atendente de recepção
( 3 ) Greetings ( 9 ) Reservation code ( ) Despedidas ( ) Reserva
( 4 ) Breakfast ( 10 ) Reservation ( ) Carregador ( ) Recepção
( 5 ) Farewells ( 11 ) Key ( )Á
rea de ( ) Cartão de crédito
estacionamento
( 6 ) Incidentals ( 12 ) Credit card ( ) Chave
( ) Cumprimentos
a) Tell thee front-desk clerk your and/or name and present

your documents
Dê o código da sua reserva ou seu nome ao(à) recepcionista e mostre seus

documentos.
b) Inform your credit card number for .

d. reservation
e. credit card
Dê o número do seu cartão de crédito para eventuais despesas extras.

f. key
c) Be informed about parking, Wi-Fi access, and .

Informe-se sobre estacionamento, acesso ao Wi-Fi e café da manhã.
a. reservation code
d) I have a for five nights.

b. incidentals
c. breakfast
Eu tenho uma reserva para cinco noites.
e) I just need your for incidentals.

9/4/5/8/7/3/6
Eu só preciso do seu cartão de crédito para eventuais despesas extras / como

/ 2 / 10 / 1 / 12 / 11
caução.
Activity A –
Answers
f) Your room number is 208. Here is your .

O número do seu quarto é 208. Aqui está a sua chave.

55
Part 4.
Grammar
In this chapter, we are going to talk about the simple present, see some spelling
rules related to this verb form, and the modal verbs can and could.
Let’s start with the simple present. We have already seen the verb to be in
the simple present. It is the most irregular verb in English, with a very specific
conjugation. Now we will study other verbs in the simple present.
The basic structure with other verbs in the affirmative form is the following:
SIMPLE PRESENT – AFFIRMATIVE FORM
SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT

Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
For example:
I have a reservation for five nights.

There’s the subject I, the main verb have, and the complement, which is the rest
of the sentence. Notice that the verb conjugation is pretty simple: we use have,
just like the base form of the verb.
Take a look at this next sentence:
We serve breakfast from 6 to 11 a.m.

Nós servimos o café da manhã das 6h às 11h.

56
Now the subject is we, then we have the main verb serve followed by the
complement. There is the idea of routine here, for the hotel always serves breakfast
from 6 to 11 a.m. Remember that the simple present is used to talk about routine,
habits, and facts.
When we use the third person singular, he, she or it, there is a slight change in the
conjugation of the main verb: depending on the ending of the verb,
we add -s, -es or -ies. Take a look:
The housekeeper cleans the rooms every morning.

O(a) camareiro(a) limpa os quartos todas as manhãs.
He/She cleans the rooms every morning

Ele(a) limpa os quartos todas as manhãs.
The housekeeper is who we are talking about, which is equivalent to the pronouns
he or she, the third person singular. So we add -s to the main verb: cleans.
Let’s look at another example:
The hotel offers valet parking.

O hotel oferece estacionamento com manobrista.
It offers valet parking.

Ele oferece estacionamento com manobrista.
Here the subject is the hotel, which will be replaced by it, since we use he or she
only for people. It is also the third person singular, so we must add -s to the verb: it
becomes offers.
Note that even though the verb conjugation changes, the sentence structure remains
the same: subject + main verb + complement.

57
Let’s see the verb conjugation in the simple present in the affirmative form using the verb
clean as an example:
S I M P L E P R ES E N T / V E R B CO N J U G AT I O N
SINGULAR PLURAL
I clean We clean
You clean You clean
He / She / It cleans They clean
So, we have clean, the base form of the verb, for every person, except for the third
person singular: he, she, it. For them, the inflection is cleans.
For the negative form, we need to add an auxiliary verb and not. Let’s take a look at
the basic structure of the negative form in the simple present:
SIMPLE PRESENT – NE GATIVE FORM
SUBJECT + AUXILIARY VERB (DO) + NOT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT

Sujeito + Verbo Auxiliar (Do) + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Let’s analyze some examples:
I do not (don’t) have a reservation.

Eu não tenho uma reserva.
The receptionists do not (don’t) take the luggage to the rooms.

Os recepcionistas não levam a bagagem para os quartos.
As you can see, both sentences have the same kind of structure. We can use the full form do not
or the contracted form don’t. In general, we use the contracted form unless we want to emphasize
the sentence.

58
Now, when the subject of the sentence can be replaced by either he, she, or it,
we have to use the conjugation of the third person singular. In such cases, we
conjugate the auxiliary verb, so we will use does, and the main verb remains in
its base form. Look:
SIMPLE PRESENT – NE GATIVE FORM
The swimming pool does not (doesn’t) open before 10 a.m.

A piscina não abre antes das 10h da manhã.
The receptionist does not (doesn’t) charge incidentals at the check-in.

O(A) recepcionista não cobra as despesas extras no check-in.
In both sentences, we can see that the subjects are in the third person singular. In
the first case, the swimming pool can be replaced by it. In the second case, the
receptionist can be replaced either by he or she.
The auxiliary verb must be conjugated, so we have does + not or doesn’t. The main
verbs are in their base form, without the -s. Note that all of the previous examples
in the negative form share the same sentence structure. The only difference is the
conjugation of the auxiliary verb.
Now let’s check out the interrogative form of the simple present:
SIMPLE PRESENT – INTERROGATIVE FORM
AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT

Verbo auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
So, in the interrogative form, the basic structure starts with the
auxiliary verb, which can be Do or Does, depending on the subject.
Then, there’s the main verb in its base form, and finally the
complement. For example:

59
SIMPLE PRESENT – INTERROGATIVE FORM
Do you need valet parking?

Você precisa de estacionamento com manobrista?
Does the hotel charge for an early check-in?

O hotel cobra por check-in antecipado?
As you can see, in the first example the subject is you, so the auxiliary
verb must be do. In the second example, however, the subject is the
hotel, which is equivalent to it. So the auxiliary verb must be does.
The verb do does not have any meaning when it’s used as an
auxiliary. But that changes when it is the main verb. Take a look at the
examples:
DO (MAIN VERB)
The employees do their best.

Os funcionários fazem o seu melhor.
Here, do is the main verb and it is the action in the sentence. So, in this case, it
carries a meaning.
Now, to make the negative and the interrogative forms in the simple present
when the main verb is do, it will be necessary to use do as an auxiliary verb. Look:
DO (AUXILIARY AND MAIN VERB)
The employees don’t do their best.

Os funcionários não fazem o seu melhor.
Do the employees do their best?

Os funcionários fazem o seu melhor?

60
Do appears twice in these sentences, and that is okay. As an auxiliary verb, it only
helps to form the structure and it has no meaning of its own, but as the main verb, it
adds meaning to the sentence.
Unlike the auxiliary verb do in the simple present, there is another kind of auxiliary
verb that when combined with the main verb will actually add a new meaning to the
structure: the modal verbs.
Can and could, for example, are modal verbs that can add to the sentence the
idea of possibility. That’s why they are used to make requests, that is, to ask if
something is possible.
This is the general structure of questions with modal verbs:
MODAL VERBS – INTERROGATIVE FORM
Modal Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement

Verbo modal Auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Check out an example with the modal verb can:
Can you spell your name, please?

Você pode soletrar seu nome, por favor?
Here we are asking if it is possible for the person to perform the action.
It is a polite way to make a request. Note that we also use please
Now check out this example with could:
Could you spell your name, please?

Você poderia soletrar seu nome, por favor?

61
The modal verb could also expresses the idea of possibility, but it is slightly more
formal than can. Note that the sentence structure does not change, as we only
replace can with could.
Can and could are good options when we want to make requests. It is also
important to highlight that when we use modals as auxiliary verbs it doesn’t
matter whether the subject is singular or plural. The sentence structure and the
conjugation will always be the same.
But pay attention. When making requests, either asking for permission or favors,
we will usually ask questions in the first or second person, that is, with the
subjects I or you. Take a look:
M A K I N G R E Q U ESTS
Can I get some kind of upgrade? Could we change rooms?

Eu posso conseguir algum tipo de upgrade? Nós poderíamos trocar de quarto?
Could you give me your credit card

number for incidentals? Can you repeat your name, please?
Você poderia me dar seu cartão Você pode repetir seu nome, por favor?
de crédito para despesas extras?
In this chapter, you have learned that the simple present can be used to talk about
routine, habits, and facts. And if you want to make requests, use can or could.
For more details on this topic, go to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Simple Present – Other Verbs Page 224

Spelling Rules Third Person – Simple Present Page 237
Modal Verb Can Page 184
Modal Verb Could Page 187

62
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Choose the option that best describes the function of the sentence.
Activities
a) We serve breakfast from 6 to 11 a.m. ( 1 ) making a request

Nós servimos o café da manhã das 6h às 11h. ( 2 ) routine
b) I don’t have a reservation. ( 1 ) making a request

Eu não tenho uma reserva.
( 2 ) fact
c) T he swimming pool doesn’t open before 10 a.m. ( 1 ) routine

A piscina não abre antes das 10h da manhã.
( 2 ) making a request
d) T he housekeeper cleans the rooms every morning ( 1 ) routine

( 2 ) making a request
e) Can I get some kind of upgrade? ( 1 ) making a request

Eu posso conseguir algum tipo de upgrade?
( 2 ) routine
a) I a reservation for five nights.

b) The receptionists the luggage to the rooms.

Os recepcionistas não levam a bagagem para os quartos.

63
c) for an early check-in?
c. Does the hotel charge
e. Can/Could you spell

O hotel cobra por check-in antecipado?
d) The employees their best.
f. cleans
d. do
Os funcionários fazem o seu melhor.
b. don’t take / do not take

e) your name, please?
Você pode soletrar seu nome, por favor?
Activity A – Answers Activity B –

Answers
a. have
f) The housekeeper the rooms every morning.
a. 2 / b. 2 / c. 1 /
d. 1 / e. 1
Notes

64
4
Hotel Policies
Part 1.
Video Script You already know many things about hotels. But there is still one very important aspect you
should consider: the hotel policies. They may vary from place to place, but the most relevant
ones are usually the same wherever you go, especially in the U.S. So, in this chapter, we will
show you the most important ones, and you will also learn some nice structures to help you
Now look at the script of Hotel Policies.
HOTEL POLICIES
[In the bedroom, getting the door for the bellboy]

Carla:
What are you doing with my luggage?
Bellboy:
I work for the front desk, they told me to bring your luggage to your
room, ma’am.
Carla:
Oh, right! The bellboy, yeah!
[Carla makes a side comment with the viewer]
So, hotels have this service where they have someone bring your
luggage to your room, and they’re called bellboys!
Bellboy:
Where should I place your luggage, ma’am?
Carla:
Anywhere?
Bellboy:
Here’s fine?
Carla:
Yeah, sure! Oh, tip! Right? Sorry, I’m new to this. Never stayed in a hotel
before. Here you go!

66
Bellboy:
Have a great day!
Carla:
Thank you, thanks so much.
[Bellboy leaves the room]
Carla:
Yeah, so tipping is a really important thing when you’re staying in a
hotel, because there are lots of people who do little things like that.
Bring your luggage to the room, make your bed, clean your room. So, it’s
always important to leave them something a little extra special like a tip!
Once you have your bag and you’re all set, a good hint is to take a look
at the hotel policies, which is usually in a binder on a desk or in a drawer
in your room. You might have asked about some of the policies at the
check-in, or even when you were making the reservation.
Let’s say you were traveling with kids. Well, in this case, you’ll have
checked the hotel child policy before your check-in date. These policies
vary from one hotel to another. In this hotel for example, children aged
12 and under stay free with 1 paying adult. But each hotel will have its
own child, pet, deposit, cancellation, and no-show policies. It’s important
to check some of them previously according to your travel plans.
Let me point out some policies that every guest should know. For
example, the check-in and checkout time, which may vary widely in
American hotels. Also check the lost and found procedures: you should
learn how to find your belongings in case you forget them at the hotel.
[Carla reads a message from a friend on her phone]

Carla:
My friend wants to know if I can receive a package for her. And there’s
the package shipping and receiving policy. Some hotels will charge to
receive packages for you. Here, for example, guests are charged three
dollars per piece. Oh well, she’s definitely paying for that!
[Carla takes a selfie]

Carla:
Alright, well...Kisses!

67
POLÍTICAS DO HOTEL
[No quarto, atendendo a porta para o carregador]

Carla:
O que você está fazendo com minhas malas?
Carregador:
Eu sou da recepção, eles me pediram para trazer suas malas até o seu
quarto, senhora.
Carla:
Ah, claro! O carregador, sim!
[Carla faz um comentário à parte com o espectador]
Os hotéis têm esse serviço: alguém traz suas malas até seu quarto, e
eles são chamados de carregadores!
Carregador:
Onde devo deixar suas malas, senhora?
Carla:
Em qualquer lugar?
Carregador:
Aqui está bom?
Carla:
Sim, claro! Ah, a gorjeta! Certo? Me desculpe, eu sou nova nisso. Nunca
me hospedei em um hotel antes. Aqui está!
Carregador:
Tenha um ótimo dia!
Carla:
Obrigada! Muito, muito obrigada!

68
[O carregador sai do quarto]

Carla:
Então: dar gorjetas é algo muito importante quando se está em um
hotel, porque há muitas pessoas que fazem coisas por você. Elas trazem
sua bagagem, arrumam sua cama, limpam seu quarto. Então, é sempre
importante dar algo a mais, especial, como uma gorjeta!
Uma vez que você pegou suas malas e está instalado, uma boa dica
é dar uma olhada nas políticas do hotel, que geralmente ficam em um
fichário numa mesa ou gaveta do seu quarto. Você pode ter perguntado
sobre algumas delas durante o check-in, ou até mesmo quando fez a
reserva.
Digamos que você esteja viajando com crianças. Bem, nesse caso, você
terá checado a política com relação a crianças antes do seu check-in.
Essa política varia de um hotel para o outro. Neste hotel, por exemplo,
crianças com menos de 12 anos ficam de graça com 1 adulto pagante.
Mas cada hotel terá uma regra diferente para crianças, animais de
estimação, depósitos, cancelamentos e não comparecimento. É muito
importante conferir algumas delas antes, dependendo dos seus planos
de viagem.
Deixe-me destacar algumas regras que todo hóspede deve saber.

Por exemplo, o horário de check-in e checkout, que pode variar muito
entre hotéis nos Estados Unidos. Também dê uma olhada na política
de achados e perdidos, pois você tem que saber como achar seus
pertences caso você os esqueça no hotel.
[Carla lê uma mensagem de uma amiga em seu celular]

Carla:
Minha amiga quer saber se posso receber uma encomenda para ela. E
temos aqui a regra de envio e recebimento. Alguns hotéis cobram para
receber encomendas para você. Aqui, por exemplo, cobram-se dos
hóspedes três dólares por pacote. Ela definitivamente vai pagar por isso!
[Carla tira uma selfie]

Carla:
Beleza, então... Beijos!

69
Part 2.
Vocabulary When traveling abroad, it is important to bear in mind that there will be cultural
aspects that must be observed and respected. Cultural aspects are defined as
follows:
C U LT U RA L AS P E CTS
Aspectos culturais
A set of values, norms, habits, and customs shared by members of a

group or society. It is part of common knowledge.
Um conjunto de valores, normas, hábitos e costumes compartilhados por

membros de um grupo ou sociedade. Faz parte do senso comum.
So, cultural aspects are not like laws or rules, but they are part of common
knowledge shared by people from a certain place. That’s why they vary from one
country to another. If we fail to observe, respect, and educate ourselves about the
cultural aspects of the places we are visiting, there is a chance our behavior will
be regarded as impolite or even rude. Tipping, for example, is an American cultural
habit.
Now, when it comes to hotel rules, then it is important to observe the hotel policies,
which can be defined as follows:
H OT E L PO L I C I ES
Políticas/Normas/Regras do Hotel
A set of principles and procedures adopted by the hotel and shared

with guests and staff as a printed document.
Um conjunto de princípios e procedimentos adotado pelo hotel e

compartilhado com hóspedes e funcionários em um documento impresso.

70
The document that lists the hotel policies is usually

available in every hotel room, but in case it isn’t, all you
have to do is ask at the front desk. You can say:
Where can I find the hotel policies? Can I have a copy of the hotel policies?
Onde posso encontrar as políticas do hotel? Posso ter uma cópia das políticas do hotel?
It is a good idea to take a look at some specific points of the policy when making
your reservation. For example, the cancellation policy or no-show policy is
available online at the moment of the reservation, so it is advisable to read it
before you finish the reservation process.
Let’s take a look at the most common cancellation policies adopted by

American hotels:
“Cancel by a certain date” policy: cancellation is free

of charge seven days prior to the date of arrival.
Política de cancelamento até uma data específica: o cancelamento é livre de
cobranças sete dias antes da data de chegada.
“One-night penalty” policy: the cancellation fee is equivalent

to one night’s stay at the hotel.
Política de cancelamento com cobrança de uma diária: a taxa de
cancelamento é equivalente à estadia de uma noite no hotel.
Nonrefundable reservation policy: you must pay for the entire stay at
the time of booking, and it is nonrefundable.
Política de reserva sem reembolso: você tem que pagar pela sua estadia
completa no momento da reserva, e essa quantia não é reembolsável

71
The no-show policy is usually charged just like a cancellation policy, one-night penalty, or
nonrefundable policy.
There might be some others, but, in general, these are the most common cancellation policies.
Now there is one specific detail to which we should also pay attention during the reservation.
Many hotels require the following:
For credit-card reservations, the same card must be presented upon check-in.
Para reservas com cartão de crédito, o mesmo cartão deve ser apresentado no check-in.
So, if you arrive at the hotel without the same card you have used to make the
reservation, you might have problems confirming your stay.
Another noteworthy point is the non-smoking policy. Nowadays, most hotels
and buildings in the U.S. are smoke-free zones, including balconies and outside
facilities. That means you cannot smoke in the hotel premises whatsoever. In this
case, you might read some sentences like:
The hotel is a 100% non-smoking property.

O hotel é uma propriedade 100% antifumo.
The entire hotel is a smoke-free zone.

O hotel inteiro é uma área antifumo.
It is forbidden to smoke in the rooms and common areas.

É proibido fumar nos quartos e nas áreas comuns.
And then they will tell you about the fees you are supposed to pay if you don’t follow
the policy. For example:
Smoking in the rooms or on the balcony will result in a US$300 cleaning fee.
Fumar nos quartos ou na varanda resultará numa taxa de limpeza de 300 dólares.
Violation of this policy will result in a US$ 300 fee.

A violação desta política resultará numa taxa de 300 dólares.

72
It is also wise to take a look at the food and beverage policy, especially if you enjoy having
meals at the hotel restaurant.
If you buy an excellent bottle of wine during the trip and you would like to drink it at dinner
at the hotel restaurant, it is very likely that there will be a corkage fee - the fee you pay for
bringing your own alcoholic beverage. And that will also be mentioned in the hotel policy. You
will read something like:
A corkage fee will be charged for each bottle brought into the hotel restaurant.
Uma taxa de rolha será cobrada por cada garrafa levada para o restaurante do hotel.
If you can’t find anything about it in the hotel policy, you can just ask them.
You could say:
Does a corkage fee apply?

A taxa de rolha é aplicada/cobrada?
How much is the corkage fee?

Quanto é a taxa de rolha?
Is there a corkage fee?

Há uma taxa de rolha?
You can also use these questions to ask about any other existing fee. For
example, some hotels have a package-receiving policy, which means that if you
want to have any package delivered to you in the hotel, you should pay for it.
So you can use the same questions just changing the kind of fee. For example:
How much is the package-receiving fee?

Quanto é a taxa de recebimento de encomenda?
Does a package-receiving fee apply?

A taxa de recebimento de encomenda é aplicada/cobrada?
Is there a package-receiving fee?

Há uma taxa de recebimento de encomenda?

73
Another important policy you will find in the document is the lost
and found policy. Some hotels will ask you to simply contact the
front desk. Others might require you to fill out a form with your
personal information, some details about your stay, and a brief
description of the lost item.
You should do that as soon as possible, since some hotels keep their lost and
found items for a maximum period of three months. So, you will probably read
some information like this in the hotel policies:
The hotel will store lost items for three months.

O hotel guardará itens perdidos por três meses.
Shipping costs are paid by the receiver.

Os custos de envio são pagos pelo destinatário.
You will be contacted to arrange how the items should be returned.

Você será contatado para combinar como os itens devem ser devolvidos.
The hotel takes no responsibility for lost items and

cannot guarantee the items will be found.
O hotel não se responsabiliza por itens perdidos, e não pode
garantir que os itens serão achados.
And don’t forget to get informed about the luggage-storage policy. In general, you will
find this information:
Luggage storage is available through the front desk at no additional charge.

Armazenamento de bagagem está disponível na recepção sem cobrança adicional.

74
If you get to the hotel before the check-in time, or if your flight is way beyond the
checkout time, you can ask:
Could I leave my bags at the luggage storage?

Eu poderia deixar minhas malas no local de armazenamento de bagagem?
Is there a luggage storage I could use?

Há um local de armazenamento de bagagem que eu poderia usar?
Now you are aware of the most frequent and important hotel policies, and you know
how to ask questions about them.

75
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Policy (7)S
moking-free zones ( )P
olítica de não ( ) Áreas comuns
comparecimento
( 2 ) Cultural aspect ( 8 ) Balcony ( ) Achados e perdidos
( ) Zonas antifumo
( 3 ) Fee ( 9 ) Common areas ( ) Custos de envio
( ) Varanda
( 4 ) No-show policy ( 10 ) Corkage fee ( ) Aspecto cultural
( ) Política antifumo
( 5 ) Cancellation policy ( 11 ) Lost and found ( ) Taxa de rolha
( ) Taxa
( 6 ) No-smoking policy ( 12 ) Shipping costs ( )P
olítica de
( ) Norma/Regra/Política cancelamento
a) is free of charge seven days prior to the date of arrival.

O cancelamento é livre de cobranças sete dias antes da data de chegada.
b) T he cancellation is equivalent to one night’s stay at the hotel.

A taxa de cancelamento é equivalente à estadia de uma noite no hotel. d. common areas
c) T he entire hotel is a .
e. corkage fee
O hotel inteiro é uma área antifumo.

c. smoke-free zone f. policy
d) It is forbidden to smoke in the rooms and .

É proibido fumar nos quartos e nas áreas comuns.

a. Cancellation
e) Is there a ?
b. fee
Há uma taxa de rolha?
f) V iolation of this will result in a US$ 300 fee.

4/7/8/6/3/1/9
/11 / 12 / 2 / 10 / 5
A violação desta política resultará numa taxa de 300 dólares.

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Part 4.
Grammar
In this chapter, we are going to talk about the modal verb must, the structure there + be, and
the question word how. Let’s begin with there + be, which is used to express existence.
Take a look at the example:
There is a fitness center for guests only on the second floor.

Tem/Existe/Há uma academia somente para hóspedes no segundo andar.
So, we used the structure there + be to express the idea that the building we are
talking about has a fitness center on the second floor. And we used there is in
the singular form, because we are talking about just one fitness center.
There’s a new restaurant near the hotel.

Tem um restaurante novo perto do hotel.
Once again, we use there is to express existence. But this time it is in the
contracted form, so the verb to be is represented by the apostrophe + S.
Now look at this next sentence so we can compare them:
I heard it’s great.

Eu ouvi dizer que ele é ótimo.
In this case, we used the verb to be in the present, “It’s great.” Even though the
verb to be is once more being represented by the apostrophe + S, here it is
used to talk about a feature. In other words, it has nothing to do with existence
because we are not using there + be.
Now, check this out:
Let’s go there tomorrow.

Vamos lá amanhã.

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The word there, in this context, indicates a location. We are not using the complete expression
there + be, only the adverb there. As you can see, there is no verb to be after this word.
We must not forget that there + be expresses existence. And we can use it to talk about
objects, people, animals, and places, both in the singular and plural forms.
As we have already seen, when we talk about something in the singular, we are going to
conjugate the verb accordingly: there is. When we wish to refer to existence in the plural, we
will use there are. For example:
AFFIRMATIVE: THERE + BE
SINGULAR
There is a swimming pool available for guests at the hotel.
Existe/Tem/Há uma piscina disponível para os hóspedes no hotel.
PLURAL
There are extra towels available for guests at the pool.
Existem/Tem/Há toalhas extras disponíveis para os hóspedes na piscina.
In the first sentence, we are talking about a swimming pool, which is singular, so
we use there is. But in the second one, we have towels, a plural word, so we use
there are.
If we want to say that something does not exist, we just add not to the there
+ be structure. Then we can use the contracted forms, which are isn’t in the
singular and aren’t in the plural. Take a look:
NE GATIVE: THERE + BE
SINGULAR
There isn’t a corkage fee at the hotel restaurant.
Não tem/há taxa de rolha no restaurante do hotel.
PLURAL
There aren’t package-receiving policies at this hotel.
Não tem/há políticas de recebimento de encomendas neste hotel.

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If you need to ask about the existence of something, such as specific

hotel policies, you may use the interrogative form of there + be. Just
invert the positions of be and there, following the previous rules for
singular and plural, like this, for example:
INTERROGATIVE: THERE + BE
SINGULAR
Is there a package-receiving fee?
Há uma taxa de recebimento de encomenda?
PLURAL
Are there washing machines available for guests?
Há máquinas de lavar disponíveis para os hóspedes?
In the first example, we are talking about a fee, singular, so the

question starts with Is There. In the other one, it’s washing machines,
plural, so we have Are there.
Another topic we will find in the hotel policies is information about

what we have to do. In this case, we are very likely to come across
the modal verb must, which is used to talk about obligation. Let’s see
some examples:
MUST / OBLIGATION
Obrigação
Parents must accompany kids at the pool.

Os pais devem acompanhar os filhos na piscina.
You must pay for your stay in advance.

Você tem que pagar pela sua estadia antecipadamente.

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Must conveys the idea that you have to do something; you have no other choice.
The structure is as follows:
MUST – AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Subject + Modal Verb Must + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo Modal Must + Verbo Principal + Complemento
As you can see, must follows the rules of the structure of modal verbs
– subject followed by must, which is the modal verb, then the main
verb, and then the complement.
However, we may also find some policies about things you cannot do.
Then they are likely to use must not, or the contracted form mustn’t,
to refer to prohibition. So, as for the structure, just add not right after
the modal verb. It goes like this:
MUST – NE GATIVE FORM
Subject + Modal Verb Must + Not + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo Modal Must + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento
For example:
MUST / PROHIBITION
Proibição
You mustn’t smoke in the rooms.

Você não pode fumar nos quartos.
Você está proibido de fumar nos quartos.
Mustn’t means that you are prohibited from smoking in the rooms. It is not
simply something that is not possible, but something that is not allowed.

80
So pay attention to the difference in use: in the affirmative form, must

expresses an idea of obligation, but in the negative form, the idea is of
prohibition.
If you want to know about the price of something, for instance, of some
service or amenity fees, ask about it using How much. For example:
How much is the corkage fee?

Quanto é a taxa de rolha? Você está proibido de fumar nos quartos.
How much is the package-receiving fee?

Quanto é a taxa de recebimento de encomenda?
By asking How much you can get information on the price of things.
Now you know how to use the modal verb must, the structure there + be, and the
question word how much to understand hotel policies and ask for clarification on
some points. For more about this topic, go to the Grammar Guide section at the end
of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Modal Verb Must Page 193

There + Be Page 245
Question Word How Page 208

81
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Match the sentences with their function.
Activities
( 1 ) Policy ( 2 ) Cultural aspect ( 3 ) Fee
a) ( ) T here is a new restaurant near the hotel.

Tem um restaurante novo perto do hotel.
b) ( ) Parents must accompany kids at the pool.

Os pais devem acompanhar os filhos na piscina.
c) ( ) Are there washing machines available for guests?

Há máquinas de lavar disponíveis para os hóspedes
d) ( ) You mustn’t smoke in the rooms.

Você não pode fumar nos quartos.
e) ( ) You must pay for your stay in advance.

a) a package-receiving fee?
Há/Tem/Existe uma taxa de recebimento de encomenda?
b) extra towels available for guests at the pool.

Existem/Tem/Há toalhas extras disponíveis para os hóspedes na piscina.
c) a corkage fee at the hotel restaurant.

Não tem/há/existe taxa de rolha no restaurante do hotel.

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d) You pay for your stay in advance.
d. must / have to / have got to

e. must not / mustn’t /

e) You smoke in the rooms.
cannot / can’t
f. How much
Você está proibido de fumar nos quartos.
f) is the corkage fee?
c. There is not / There isn’t

Quanto é a taxa de rolha?
b. There are
a. Is there
a. 1 / b. 2 / c. 1 /
Activity A –
d. 3 / e. 2
Answers
Notes

83
5
Hotel Staff
Part 1.
Video Script At the hotel, if you need any help or need to get a service done, you will have
to talk to the people who work there: the hotel staff. They are the ones you will
talk to in case you need housekeeping or some help finding tickets for a concert.
In this chapter, we will show you how to do it, and you will also learn some
important vocabulary and grammar that will help you improve your English skills.
Now, look at the script of Hotel staff.
HOTEL STAFF
[At her room]

Carla:
I spent the morning working in my room and I’ve just realized I left the
“Do not disturb” sign on my door handle until now. Let me call the front
desk and check if housekeeping is still available.
[On the phone]

Yeah, hi! This is Carla in room 547; could someone come and clean my
room? OK, great! Thanks!
[Carla hangs up the phone]

Well, that was easy! Someone’s coming to clean the room in about 5
minutes! Housekeeping will normally knock on your door in the morning
to check if you need service, unless you put out the “Do not disturb” sign
on the door as I did. They are in charge of cleaning the room, changing
the towels, bedsheets and toiletries, when available. There’s usually a
tip envelope in your room, but if there isn’t, you can leave it on a desk.
In fact, tipping is cultural in the U.S. and you’re supposed to tip in
several situations. You’re expected to tip the bellhop, who helps with
your luggage, for example. And at hotel restaurants, the staff is usually
composed of waiters, cooks, and a chef. They are in charge of the food
served at the hotel. You can turn to the waiters if you need room service
or help with any dietary restriction. You’re supposed to leave a tip at the
restaurant or tip the waiter who takes food to your room.

85
But if you’re not sure about who could help you in other requests during
your stay, the answer is the lobby front desk! These are the people who
will assist you during check-in and checkout. But they can also help
you if you need information or have a request. Even if they cannot help
directly, they will certainly be able to tell you how to proceed.
And there’s also the concierge, whose job is to make sure you have
everything you need during your stay, from transportation to the
airport, to tickets to concerts and matches, or reservations at the finest
restaurants in town. Anything you need, just let the hotel concierge
know. So, guys, I think I’m going to head down to the concierge and get
some tickets for the amusement park!
[The room phone rings; Carla picks it up]

Lee (concierge):
Ms. Sanchez? I have wonderful news for you!
Carla:
Really?
Lee (concierge):
Yes! We were able to find you tickets for the amusement park!
Carla:
Oh, that’s awesome!
Lee (concierge):
Yeah! If you would like, I think Friday is the best day that...
Carla:
That’s great, because Friday is my day off work!
Lee (concierge):
Well, great! If you’d like, you can pick up the tickets tomorrow morning
or at your earliest convenience!
Carla:
Thank you so much, Lee!
Lee (concierge):
You’re welcome!
Carla:
You’re the best!
Lee (concierge):
Thanks!

86
E QUIPE DO HOTEL
[Em seu quarto de hotel]

Carla:
Eu passei a manhã trabalhando no meu quarto, e acabei de perceber
que deixei o aviso de “Não perturbe” na maçaneta até agora. Deixe-me
ligar para recepção para checar se a camareira ainda está disponível.
[Ao telefone]
Oi! Aqui é a Carla do quarto 547, seria possível alguém vir limpar meu
quarto? OK, ótimo! Obrigada! Nossa, que fácil!
[Carla desliga o telefone]

Alguém está vindo limpar meu quarto em mais ou menos cinco minutos!
A camareira geralmente vai bater à sua porta de manhã, para checar se
você precisa de algum serviço, a não ser que você pendure o sinal de
“Não perturbe” na porta, como eu fiz. Elas são encarregadas de limpar o
quarto, trocar as toalhas, lençóis e produtos de higiene pessoal quando
disponíveis. Normalmente há um envelope para gorjeta no seu quarto,
mas caso não haja, você pode deixá-la em uma mesa.
Aliás, dar gorjeta é algo cultural nos EUA, e você deve fazer isso em
várias situações. Você deve dar gorjeta para o carregador, que te ajudou
com a bagagem, por exemplo. E, nos restaurantes do hotel, a equipe é
normalmente composta por garçons, cozinheiros e um chef. Eles são
encarregados da comida servida no hotel. Você sempre pode falar com
os garçons, caso precise de serviço de quarto ou de ajuda com alguma
restrição alimentar. Você deve deixar uma gorjeta no restaurante, ou
para o garçom que levar a comida até o seu quarto.
Mas caso você não saiba a quem recorrer com relação a outras
solicitações durante sua estadia, a resposta é a recepção! Eles são as
pessoas que podem te ajudar durante o check-in e o checkout. Mas
eles também podem ajudar caso você precise de informações ou tenha
algum pedido a fazer. Mesmo que eles não possam ajudar diretamente,
com certeza vão saber te dizer como prosseguir.
Também temos o concierge, cuja função é garantir que você tenha tudo
de que precisa durante sua estadia, desde transporte ao aeroporto até
ingressos para shows e jogos, ou reservas nos melhores restaurantes
da cidade. Qualquer coisa que você precisar, é só avisar ao concierge.
Então, pessoal, acho que vou descer até o concierge e conseguir alguns
ingressos para o parque de diversões!

87
[O telefone do quarto toca e Carla o atende]

Lee (concierge):
Sra. Sanchez? Tenho ótimas notícias!
Carla:
É mesmo?
Lee (concierge):
Sim! Conseguimos as entradas do parque de diversões para a senhora!
Carla:
Ah, que ótimo!
Lee (concierge):
Sim! Se a senhora quiser, acho que sexta-feira é o melhor dia...
Carla:
Que ótimo, porque sexta-feira é meu dia de folga!
Lee (concierge):
Olha, que bom! Caso a senhora queira, pode pegá-los amanhã de
manhã ou assim que preferir!
Carla:
Muito obrigado, Lee!
Lee (concierge):
De nada!
Carla:
Você é o cara!
Lee (concierge):
Obrigado!

88
Part 2.
Vocabulary The staff in each hotel may vary a little bit according to the hotel rating, because there might
be different services available. There are also some cultural aspects that should be considered.
One of them is the tip, which is a behavior expected from hotel guests in the U.S. This is so
much part of American culture that they even have a verb to refer to it: to tip.
Let’s check some sentences out concerning this cultural aspect:
In the U.S., you are expected to leave a tip to the housekeeper.

Nos Estados Unidos, é esperado que você deixe uma gorjeta para o(a) camareiro(a).
In the U.S., you are expected to give a tip to the housekeeper.

Nos Estados Unidos, é esperado que você dê uma gorjeta para o(a) camareiro(a).
In the U.S., you are expected to tip the housekeeper.

When we talk about things that are expected from us, we can either use the structure be
expected to or be supposed to. They both mean the same thing. So, instead of saying
You are expected to tip the housekeeper, you could also say:
In the U.S., you are supposed to tip the housekeeper.

But what everybody really wants to know, especially foreigners, is:
How much are you supposed to tip the housekeeper?

Quanto é esperado que você dê de gorjeta para a camareira?

89
It is customary to leave from 2 to 5 dollars per night. Since there might be different
housekeepers cleaning your room, it would be best to leave a tip every day instead of
just leaving it all by the end of your stay.
Many hotels have a tip envelope in the rooms. In case you can’t find it, just leave the
tip on a desk or on the bedside table. And if you want to make it clear, you can write
a note saying, “Housekeeper tip” or simply “Housekeeping” and leave it together
with the sum.
You can also write notes with specific requests to the housekeeper, such as:
Could you please change the bedsheets? Could you please leave an extra pillow?
Você poderia trocar a roupa de cama? Você poderia deixar um travesseiro a mais?
If you leave a Do Not Disturb sign on your door, housekeeping won’t

go to your room. But if you don’t, they will knock and announce their
presence by saying, “maintenance” or “housekeeping.”
If the housekeeper knocks on your door but you are not ready to leave
yet, or maybe you just don’t want them to come in that day, you can
ask them to come back later by saying something like:
Could you please come back a little later?

Você poderia voltar um pouco mais tarde?
I don’t need maintenance today. Thank you.

Eu não preciso de arrumação hoje. Obrigado(a).
In case you don’t need maintenance, the housekeeper may ask if you
need to replace something. For example:
Do you need toileries?

Você precisa de produtos de toalete / higiene pessoal?
Would you like some clean towels?

Você gostaria de algumas toalhas limpas?

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If you want the housekeeper to return later, you just need to call the
front desk and ask for the service whenever you are ready for it.
You can call and say:
Could someone come up to clean my room?

Alguém poderia vir aqui em cima limpar o meu quarto?
If you just need an extra item or need them to replace something, you can say:
Could someone bring me an extra blanket, please?

Alguém poderia me trazer mais um cobertor, por favor?
Could you send me someone up to replace the toilet paper, please?

Você poderia mandar alguém aqui para repor o papel higiênico, por favor?
In any of these cases, you will need to talk to the front-desk staff. They are the ones
who can help you the most when it comes to hotel services. For example, if you
need laundry service, you can call them and ask one of the following questions:
Can you please send someone to pick up my laundry?

Você pode mandar alguém vir pegar as minhas roupas para lavar, por favor?
How long does it take for the laundry to be done?

Quanto tempo leva até que a roupa seja lavada?
How much does the laundry service cost per piece?

Quanto custa o serviço de lavanderia por peça?

91
The front desk will be able to inform you of every possible service in the hotel, as well as its prices. But if
you want something from outside the hotel, like a ticket to a concert or a play, or sports games, or even a
reservation at a restaurant, then you should look for the concierge.
You can ask one of these questions:
Could I have tickets to the theater on Friday?

Eu poderia conseguir ingressos para o teatro na sexta?
Could you make me a reservation at a French bistro for tomorrow?

Você poderia fazer uma reserva num bistrô francês para amanhã?
Could you get me tickets to the baseball game next weekend?

Você poderia conseguir ingressos para o jogo de beisebol no fim de semana que vem?
Other than going to bars, restaurants, theaters, games, and museums, when we travel, we
also like to go for a little shopping. In such cases, the bellhop (or bellboy or porter) will probably
offer you some help when they see you arriving with shopping bags. The same happens when
you are in the lobby carrying too many bags. Take a look at some of the things they may say:
May I help you with your luggage?

Do you need help with your shopping bags?
Can I help you with your luggage?
Você precisa de ajuda com as sacolas de compras?
Posso te ajudar com a sua bagagem?
And don’t forget to tip them in case you use their services. Remember:
You are supposed to tip the bellhop when he/she helps you.
É esperado que você dê gorjeta ao carregador quando ele/ela te ajuda.
Now you know how to ask the hotel staff for help and the cultural aspects related to that.

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Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Hotel staff ( 7 ) Pillow ( ) Roupa de cama ( ) Gorjeta
( 2 ) Blanket ( 8 ) Bellhop/Bellboy ( ) Produtos de higiene ( ) Serviço de lavanderia

Porter
( 3 ) Housekeeper ( ) Equipe da recepção ( ) Funcionários do hotel
( 9 ) Tip
( 4 ) Housekeeping ( ) Camareiro(a) ( )S
erviço de arrumação
( 10 ) Front-desk staff de quarto
( 5 ) Bedsheets ( ) Carregador
( 11 ) Laundry service ( ) Sacolas de compras
( 6 ) Toiletries ( ) Travesseiro
( 12 ) Shopping bags ( )C
obertor
a) In the U.S., you are expected to leave a to the

housekeeper.
Nos Estados Unidos, é esperado que você deixe uma gorjeta para o(a)
camareiro(a).
f. laundry service
b) In the U.S., you are expected to tip the . e. bedsheets
Nos Estados Unidos, é esperado que você dê uma gorjeta para o(a)
d. blanket
camareiro(a).
c) Y
ou are supposed to tip the when he helps you.
c. bellhop/bellboy/porter
É esperado que você dê gorjeta ao carregador quando ele te ajuda.

b. housekeeper
d) C
ould someone bring me an extra , please?
Alguém poderia me trazer mais um cobertor, por favor?
a. tip
e) C
ould you please change the ?
5 / 6 / 10 / 3 / 8 / 7 / 9 /
Você poderia trocar a roupa de cama?

11 / 1 / 4 / 12 / 2
f) How much does the cost per piece?

Quanto custa o serviço de lavanderia por peça?

93
Part 4.
Grammar In this chapter, we will talk about the structure be supposed to and the modal verbs can, could,
and would.
You have seen how important cultural aspects are when we are in a different country, since
some of the attitudes and behavior expected from us will be determined by the local culture.
Here is an example of an important cultural aspect in the U.S.:
In the U.S., you’re supposed to tip the housekeeper.

Be supposed to is a very frequent expression in English. It is used to convey what is

expected from us. Let’s take a look at the structure:
BE + SUPPOSED TO – AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + Verb To Be + Supposed To + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo To Be + Supposed To + Verbo Principal + Complemento
There’s the subject, then the verb to be commonly in the present form, followed by
supposed to, the main verb, and a complement. Let’s see an example:
You are supposed to check out at 11 a.m.

É esperado que você faça o checkout às 11h da manhã.
(Você deve fazer o checkout às 11h da manhã.)
Here, we are talking about one hotel policy, meaning that guests are expected to
follow this rule. Note that the verb to be is used in the simple present, and the
main verb is in its base form.

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Now look at this next one:
The housekeeper is supposed to make the beds.

É esperado que o(a) camareiro(a) arrume as camas.
(O(A) camareiro(a) deve arrumar as camas.)
In this case, the housekeeper is the subject (he or she in this context). Therefore,
we say is supposed to. That means the housekeeper is expected to do that, because
it is part of his or her duties at the hotel.
Now, if we want to use the interrogative or negative forms, we just have to follow
the same sentence structure used with the verb to be. That is, we invert the subject
with the verb to be. Have a look at an example:
BE + SUPPOSED TO – INTERROGATIVE FORM
Are guests supposed to bring their towels to the pool?

É esperado que os hóspedes levem suas toalhas para a piscina?
Os hóspedes devem levar suas toalhas para a piscina?
Notice that all we did was to invert the position of the verb to be, are, and the subject, guests.
Now look at how we can answer this question in the negative form:
BE + SUPPOSED TO – NE GATIVE FORM
No. And they are not (aren’t) supposed to take the pool towels to the room.
Não. E não é esperado deles que levem as toalhas da piscina para o quarto.
Não. E eles não devem levar as toalhas da piscina para o quarto.
As you can see, we just included not after the verb to be. It can be
used either in the complete or in the contracted forms.

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When we use the expression be supposed to, it means that something is

expected or intended to happen. On the other hand, when we talk about our
own feelings of expectations and desire for something to happen, we use the
verb hope. For example:
Verb To Hope
Verbo esperar (ter esperança)
I hope you enjoy your stay at the hotel.

Eu espero que você goste da sua estadia no hotel.
Here, we are talking about a desire, something that I hope you will achieve or
feel. It is another idea of expectation; it is no longer something that is expected
from you, but something that I wish will happen to you.
To express this idea, as you have seen, we do not use the structure be supposed
to. In this case, we use the verb hope in the simple present.
Let’s see another example.
We always hope for the best.

Nós sempre esperamos pelo melhor.
Here again there is the idea of a positive expectation for the future.
Speaking of expectations, when we want to express the idea of
staying somewhere until somebody or something arrives, like a bus,
for example, then we will use yet another verb. It is the verb wait.
Check it out:
Verb To Wai t
Verbo esperar/aguardar
I’m waiting for the bus.

Eu estou esperando o ônibus.
In this case, we are indicating that we are somewhere, probably at a

bus stop or a bus station, and we will stay there until the bus arrives.

96
Take a look at this next example:
I’m waiting for you.

Eu estou esperando/aguardando você.
Now instead of something – a bus –, I am indicating that I am standing

by somewhere until someone arrives.
Let’s sum up the situations we have just seen. Take a look:
Be Supposed To Verb to Hope Verb to Wait

Expressão usada para falar sobre as Esperar no sentido Esperar no sentido
expectativas dos outros em relação a alguém de ter esperança de aguardar
As much as we do our research before traveling abroad, we might still have some
questions or maybe need someone’s help when we get there.
We have already seen how to make requests using the modal verbs can and could.
Let’s review the structure used with them:
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement

Verbo Modal + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
So we use the modal verb, then the subject, followed by the main verb in its base
form, and then the complement.
Can you help me operate this vending machine, please?

Você pode me ajudar a mexer nesta máquina de vendas automática, por favor?
Could you help me operate this vending machine, please?

Você poderia me ajudar a mexer nesta máquina de vendas automática, por favor?

97
Using can and could in the interrogative form adds an idea of possibility to the
main verb, as if we were saying: Is it possible for you to help me?
And the only difference between can and could in this case is the level of formality.
Could is more formal than can.
In the affirmative form, can follows the general structure of the modal verbs, which
is the following:
CAN – AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Subject + Can + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Can + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Now check out possible meanings we can get by using this

structure. The first one is possibility:
POSSIBILIT Y
Possibilidade
The housekeeper can clean your room in a few minutes.

A camareira pode (tem a possibilidade de) limpar o seu
quarto em alguns minutos.
Here the meaning is that it is possible for her to clean the room in a few minutes.
But we can also use it to emphasize the idea of permission. Look:
PERMISSION
Permissão

A camareira pode (tem permissão para) limpar o seu quarto em alguns minutos.
The idea now is that the subject – the housekeeper – is allowed to clean the room.

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Depending on the context, we may also emphasize the idea of ability. Check it out:
ABILIT Y
Habilidade

A camareira pode (consegue) limpar o seu quarto em alguns minutos.
Now we are indicating that the person is able to clean the room in a few minutes.
So, the modal verb can expresses the idea of possibility, ability, or even
permission to do something. And to understand which function is being
highlighted, we will have to analyze the context.
The same thing happens with could in the affirmative form: its meaning will
depend on the context as well. Since could is a modal verb, the sentence
structure is the same as the one used for can:
COULD – AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Subject + Could + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Could + Verbo Principal + Complemento
So, let’s see some examples with could and analyze the ideas it can convey:
POSSIBILIT Y
Possibilidade
The handyman could fix the broken AC.

O funcionário da manutenção poderia consertar o
ar-condicionado quebrado.
We are talking about possibility here. We are saying that there is a remote
or weak possibility that the handyman would be able to fix the AC.
But depending on the context, could can express the idea of ability in the
past. We may say that could works like the past of can, but only when we
are referring to the idea of ability. Take a look at the example:

99
ABILIT Y IN THE PAST

Habilidade no passado
The handyman could fix the broken AC.

O funcionário da manutenção pôde (conseguiu) consertar o
ar-condicionado quebrado.
The idea here is that the handyman was able to do the job. He managed to fix the
AC some time in the past.
And you can express those same ideas using the negative forms of can and could.
Since they are modal verbs, all we have to do is put not after the modal verb:
CAN – NE GATIVE FORM
Subject + Can + Not + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Can + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento
COULD – NE GATIVE FORM
Subject + Could+ Not + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Could + Not + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Now let’s see some examples and analyze their ideas:
L ACK OF ABILIT Y / PERMISSION / POSSIBILIT Y

Ausência de habilidade / permissão / possibilidade
The housekeeper cannot (can’t) clean your room now.

O camareiro não consegue, não tem permissão ou não
tem possibilidade de limpar o quarto.
Note that can’t, which is more usual in the spoken language, is the contracted form
of cannot. And by saying this, we indicate that he or she cannot or does not have
permission or the possibility, or even that he or she has no ability to perform that
action.

100
Now look at what happens when we use could in the negative form:
L ACK OF ABILIT Y IN THE PAST OR L ACK OF POSSIBILIT Y

Ausência de habilidade no passado ou ausência de possibilidade
The handyman could not (couldn’t) fix the broken AC.

Ele não teve a habilidade para ou foi impossibilitado de consertar o ar.
Here we can understand that he didn’t have the ability to fix the AC or that he had no chance
to do it. Note that we used couldn’t, the contraction of could not, which is more frequently used
in the spoken language.
There is still another modal verb used to make requests. It is the modal verb may,
which also follows the same structure as the other modal verbs. Check it out:
M AY
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Forma Afirmativa
Subject + May + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + May + Verbo Principal + Complemento
NEGATIVE FORM
Forma Negativa
Subject + May + Not + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + May + Verbo Principal + Complemento
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Forma Interrogativa
May + Subject + Main Verb + Complement

May + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
May is used to ask for and give permission. But it can only be used to ask
permission for ourselves. That means that we can only use may in the interrogative
form with the subject pronouns I and we, that is, the first person singular or plural.

101
We can ask for permission using may, can, or could,

but among them, may is the one that sounds more
formal. For example:
PERMISSION
Permissão
May I take your luggage?

Eu posso levar a sua bagagem?
In that question, they are asking permission to pick up your luggage. And they chose
to use may to sound more formal and to emphasize the meaning of permission.
This is a typical question you would hear from a bellhop at the hotel, for example.
We could answer this question using the affirmative form to give permission, or the
negative form to deny permission. Let’s take a look:
M AY
Permission / Permissão
May I take your luggage?

Yes, you may take my luggage.

Sim, você pode / tem permissão para levar minha bagagem.
No, you may not take my luggage.

Não, você não pode / não tem permissão para levar minha bagagem.
Note that while using may in the interrogative form, we can only
use I or we to ask for permission; but to grant or deny permission,
though, we are going to use you. As you can see, it is not possible
to contract may + not in the negative form.

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Depending on the context, may can convey an idea of probability. Check it out:
MAY – AFFIRMATIVE FORM

Probability / Probabilidade
The concierge may get us some tickets for the game.

O concierge pode conseguir para nós alguns ingressos para o jogo.
Pode ser que o concierge consiga para nós alguns ingressos para o jogo.
Talvez o concierge consiga para nós alguns ingressos para o jogo.
Here, may is not expressing permission. We are actually wondering if the concierge
is likely to get tickets or not. Now let’s see an example in the negative form:
MAY – NE GATIVE FORM

Probability / Probabilidade
The receptionist may not grant us an upgrade.

A recepcionista pode não nos conceder um upgrade.
Talvez a recepcionista não nos conceda um upgrade.
Pode ser que a recepcionista não nos conceda um upgrade.
Once again, this sentence is not related to permission. We are talking about the
likelihood of getting an upgrade, which in this case, is small.
So, in this chapter you’ve learned how to use the structure be supposed to, the verbs
hope and wait, as well as the modal verbs can, could, and may. For more details about
these topics, go to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Be Supposed To Page 169

Modal Verb Can Page 184
Modal Verb Could Page 187
Modal Verb May Page 190

103
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Mark the alternative that best explains the functions used in the sentences.
Activities
a) T he housekeeper can’t clean your room now. ( 1 ) lack of possibility

O camareiro não consegue limpar o quarto agora. ( 2 ) probability
b) T he handyman could fix the broken AC. ( 1 ) asking for permission

O funcionário da manutenção conseguiu consertar o ar- ( 2 ) ability in the past
condicionado quebrado. .
c) T he housekeeper can clean your room in a few minutes. ( 1 ) probability

O camareiro pode limpar o seu quarto em alguns minutos. ( 2 ) permission
d) Could you help me operate this vending machine, please? ( 1 ) possibility

Você poderia me ajudar a mexer nesta máquina de vendas
( 2 ) permission
automática, por favor?
e) T he concierge may get us some tickets for the game. ( 1 ) probability

O concierge pode conseguir para nós alguns ingressos para
( 2 ) ability
o jogo.
f) May I take your luggage? ( 1 ) possibility

( 2 ) permission
a) you please send someone to pick up my laundry?

Você pode mandar alguém vir pegar as minhas roupas para lavar, por favor?
b) I help you with your luggage?

Posso te ajudar com a sua bagagem?

104
c) The handyman fix the broken AC.
e. are supposed to
O funcionário da manutenção conseguiu consertar o ar-condicionado quebrado?
d. cannot/can’t
f. may not
d) The housekeeper your room now.
A camareira não tem permissão de limpar o quarto agora.
e) You tip the bellhop when he helps you.
a. Can/Could
b. May/Can
É esperado que você dê gorjeta ao carregador quando ele te ajuda.
c. could
f) The receptionist grant us an upgrade
a. 1 / b. 2 / c. 2 /
A recepcionista pode não nos conceder um upgrade.
d. 1 / e. 1 / f. 2
Notes

105
6
Room Service
Part 1.
Video Script What if you are in your room and decide to have your breakfast there? Or what
would you do if you realized the TV or the air-conditioner is not working? Well,
in these cases, as well as in many others, you can ask for room service. In this
chapter, we will show you how to do that, and you will also learn some important
vocabulary and grammar that will help you improve your English.
Now look at the script of Room Service.
ROOM SERVICE
[On the phone]

Carla:
Room service? Great. I would like to order a cheese omelet and a
cranberry juice. Yeah, room 547. Great, thank you!
[Carla hangs up the phone]

Carla:
After a long day at work, all you want to do is get to your hotel room,
order room service and relax. In less expensive hotels in the U.S.,
room service is not typically offered. But you can order from outside
restaurants. In fact, some of these hotels even have restaurant-delivery
brochures to offer the guests. So, no matter where you stay, there’ll
always be some food-delivery options available.
[Someone knocks on her door]

Waiter:
Room service!
Carla:
Come on in! You can just put it on the bed over here. Right here is good.
Oh, tip! Of course! I keep forgetting! Here you go! Don’t spend it all at
once!
Waiter:
Thank you, have a wonderful day.

107
Carla:
You too. Take care!
[Waiter leaves the room]

Carla:
OK, guys! Here are a few tips about room service. So normally they’ve
got a menu with a few different options. It might have an all-day option
where you can order anything you want, anytime. Or they might just
have breakfast, lunch and dinner options. I ordered a nice little healthy
snack for myself, but before I dig into this meal, here’s another tip for
you.
There will probably be an exclusive line at the hotel if you want to order
room service. But in case you can’t find the number, remember that the
front desk is your best friend. Any kind of request you might have, the
front desk staff will certainly know how to help you.
And I’m not only talking about room service or food delivery. If
something in your room is not functioning properly, you can turn to the
front desk as well. Yes, there might be an exclusive line for maintenance,
but you don’t have to learn all the line numbers. And if they’re not at
hand, just call the front desk and they will take care of it for you. Let’s
say the AC in your room is not working properly, or you have a clogged
toilet: just call the front desk, report the problem, and ask them to send
someone to help you. You can say, “Would it be possible for someone to
come up and take a look at the AC?” Or “Could you send someone over
to take a look at the toilet?”
SERVIÇO DE QUARTO
[Ao telefone]
Carla:
Serviço de quarto? Ótimo. Eu gostaria de pedir um omelete de queijo e
um suco de cranberry. Sim, quarto 547. Ótimo, obrigada!
[Carla desliga o telefone]

Carla:
Após um longo dia de trabalho, tudo o que você quer fazer é chegar no
seu quarto de hotel, pedir um serviço de quarto e relaxar. Nos EUA, os
hotéis mais baratos geralmente não oferecem serviço de quarto.

108
Mas você pode pedir comida de outros restaurantes. Aliás, alguns hotéis
oferecem para seus hóspedes panfletos de restaurantes que fazem
entrega. Logo, não importa onde você estiver, sempre haverá alguma
opção de restaurante com serviço de entrega.
[Alguém bate na porta do quarto de Carla]

Garçom:
Serviço de quarto!
Carla:
Entre! Você pode colocar isso ali na cama. Aí está bom. Ah, a gorjeta! É
claro! Eu vivo esquecendo! Aqui está! Não gaste tudo de uma só vez!
Garçom:
Muito obrigado, tenha um ótimo dia.
Carla:
Você também. Cuide-se!
[Garçom sai do quarto]

Carla:
OK, pessoal! Aqui vão algumas dicas sobre o serviço de quarto.
Geralmente tem um cardápio com algumas opções. Talvez tenha
uma opção para o dia todo, na qual você pode pedir qualquer coisa a
qualquer hora. Ou talvez haja opções de café da manhã, almoço e jantar.
Eu pedi um lanche saudável, mas antes de eu comer minha refeição,
aqui vai outra dica.
Provavelmente o hotel terá uma linha exclusiva caso você queira pedir
serviço de quarto. Mas caso você não consiga achar o número, lembre-
se que a recepção é sua melhor amiga. Qualquer tipo de pedido que
você queira fazer, a equipe da recepção certamente saberá como te
ajudar.
E não estou falando só de serviço de quarto e entrega de comida; se

algo não está funcionando corretamente no seu quarto, você pode falar
com a recepção também. Sim, talvez haja uma linha exclusiva para
manutenção, mas você não precisa saber todos os números. E se eles
não estiverem disponíveis, é só ligar para recepção, e eles vão dar conta
do recado. Digamos que seu ar-condicionado não esteja funcionando
corretamente, ou o vaso sanitário entupiu: ligue para recepção, relate
o problema, e peça para que mandem alguém para te ajudar. Você
pode falar “Seria possível mandar alguém para dar uma olhada no ar-
condicionado?”, ou “Você poderia mandar alguém para dar uma olhada
no vaso sanitário?”

109
Part 2.
Vocabulary When room service is offered, you will find a menu in your room with the available options.
They are usually organized like this:
MENU OPTIONS
All-day menu options Lunch menu

Cardápio servido durante todo o dia Cardápio do almoço
Breakfast menu Dinner menu

Cardápio do café da manhã Cardápio do jantar
After choosing what you want, you just have to call and order. When you call, you may hear
something like:
Room service. How may I help you?

Room service. What can I do for you?
Nos Estados Unidos, é esperado
Serviço de quarto. O que posso fazer
que você dê uma gorjeta para o(a)
por você?
camareiro(a).
And then you will say you want to place an order or simply order something. Let’s look at some
possibilities. You could say, for example:
Good morning. I’d like to place Good morning. I’d like to order
an order for breakfast, please. breakfast, please.
Bom-dia. Eu gostaria de fazer um pedido Bom-dia. Eu gostaria pedir o
de café da manhã, por favor. café da manhã, por favor.
Hi. I’d like to order a turkey Good afternoon. I’d like to order a
sandwich. It’s room 302. Greek salad to room 208.
Oi. Eu gostaria de pedir um sanduíche Boa-tarde. Eu gostaria de pedir uma
de peru. É o quarto 302. salada grega para o quarto 208.

110
We only use the verb to order when we want something that needs to be prepared or
processed in some way, like food at a restaurant or an online product, for example. If you are
requesting something more general, you should use the verb to ask.
Clerk:
Room service. How may I help you?
Serviço de quarto. Como posso ajudar?
Guest:
Hi, I’d like to order a chicken salad and an orange juice to room 409.
But can I ask you to send the mayo on the side, please?
Oi, eu gostaria de pedir uma salada de frango e um suco de laranja para o quarto 409.
Mas posso te pedir para mandar a maionese à parte, por favor?
Notice that we used order for the food and ask to make
a general request. And the clerk may answer:
Clerk:
Sure. We’ll be right there with your order.
Claro. Em breve estaremos aí com o seu pedido.
When we request mayo on the side, it means the mayo won’t be on the food; it will
come separately. To say that, you could use on the side or a side of. For example:
Can you send a side of sauce, please?

Mayo on the side, please.
Você pode mandar uma porção de molho
Maionese à parte, por favor.
à parte, por favor?

111
You can ask for changes in your dish whenever possible. If you want an ingredient to
be added or removed, you can use with or without. Check it out:
I’ll have a burger with extra bacon, please.

Eu vou querer um hambúrguer com mais bacon, por favor.
I’ll have the pea soup with bread, please.

Eu quero a sopa de ervilha com pão, por favor.
I’ll have the pepperoni pizza without onions, please.

Eu quero a pizza de pepperoni sem cebola, por favor.
I’ll have an orange juice without ice, please.

Eu quero um suco de laranja sem gelo, por favor.
After placing your order, just wait for it to be delivered to your room. When the
time comes, you will open the door, and the waiter may say:
Where would you like me to put your order?

Onde você gostaria que eu colocasse o seu pedido?
To which you can answer:
You can put it on the table / on the desk / on the bed.

Você pode botar aqui na mesa / na escrivaninha / na cama.
And finally, they will ask you to sign the receipt. It will be like this:
Can you sign here, please?

Você pode assinar aqui, por favor?
The housekeeper and the waiter aren’t the only staff members who may come
to your room. You might have to call the front desk to ask for a handyman if you
need anything fixed in your room.

112
Let’s check out some situations in which you might need to ask for maintenance. Look:
The TV won’t turn on. Can someone come here and take a look?
A televisão não liga. Alguém pode vir aqui e dar uma olhada?
The AC is not working properly. Can someone come here to help me?
O ar-condicionado não está funcionando direito. Alguém pode vir aqui me ajudar?
The toilet is clogged. Could you send someone to fix it?

O vaso sanitário está entupido. Você poderia enviar alguém para consertar?
The bathroom door is jammed. Could someone come up here to fix it?
A porta do banheiro está emperrada. Alguém poderia vir aqui em cima consertar?
No matter what problem you might have, the clerk will probably
say something like:
I’ll send a handyman to your room.

Vou mandar um funcionário da manutenção ao seu quarto.
Maintenance will be there right away.

A manutenção estará aí daqui a pouco.
Now you know how to ask for room service, how to report a problem in the room that needs
maintenance, and how to interact with the hotel staff.

113
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Room service ( 7 ) Clogged toilet ( ) Garçom ( )F

uncionário da
manutenção
(2)A
ll-day menu ( 8 ) Jammed door ( ) Manutenção
options ( )C
ardápio servido
( 9 ) The AC ( ) O ar-condicionado
durante todo o dia
( 3 ) Place an order /
( 10 ) Breakfast menu ( ) Vaso sanitário
Order ( ) Porta emperrada
entupido
( 11 ) Mayo
( 4 ) Waiter ( )S
erviço de quarto
( ) Molho à parte
( 12 ) Sauce on the side
( 5 ) Handyman ( ) Fazer um pedido
( )C
ardápio do café da
( 6 ) Maintenance manhã ( )M
aionese
a) How may I help you?

Serviço de quarto. Como posso ajudá-lo?
d. sauce on the side

b) G
ood morning. I’d like to for breakfast, please.
Bom-dia. Eu gostaria de fazer um pedido de café da manhã, por favor. f. handyman
e. with
c) Can I you to send the mayo on the side, please?

Posso te pedir para mandar a maionese à parte, por favor?
b. order / place an order
a. room service
d) Can you send the , please?

Você pode mandar o molho à parte, por favor?
c. ask
e) I’ll have a burger extra bacon, please.

Eu vou querer um hambúrguer com mais bacon, por favor.
4 / 6 / 9 / 7 / 12 / 10 / 5
/ 2 / 8 / 1 / 3 / 11
f) I’ll send a to your room.

Vou mandar um funcionário da manutenção ao seu quarto.

114
Part 4.
Grammar In this lesson we will talk about future events using will. We are also going to learn about the
modal verb would, as well as cardinal and ordinal numbers.
A very common, natural way to refer to the future in English is by using will. Check the
structure in the affirmative form:
WILL
Future events / Eventos futuros
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Subject + Will + Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement

Sujeito + Will + Verbo Principal (Forma Base) + Complemento
For example:
WILL – AFFIRMATIVE FORM
We will / We’ll order room service tonight.

Nós vamos pedir serviço de quarto esta noite.
We is the subject, followed by will, and then order, which is the

main verb, and the complement: room service tonight. And we
can use the contracted form, we’ll, which sounds more natural in
spoken language, especially when the subject is a pronoun, such
as we.
It is important to highlight that the verb is conjugated the same
way for all subjects, so we will have I’ll order, you’ll order, he’ll
order, she’ll order, we’ll order, and they’ll order.

115
Let’s have a look at another example:
Maintenance will be there right away.

Maintenance here is the third person singular, that is, it is equivalent to it—the
structure of the sentence is just the same: the subject, then will followed by the main
verb in its base form, be, that is, without conjugation, and then the complement.
In the negative form, we just have to add not right after will. And the contracted
form – won’t – is more commonly used.
Look at the structure:
WILL – NE GATIVE FORM
Subject + Will + Not (Won’t) + Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement

Sujeito + Will + Not (Won’t) + Verbo Principal (Forma Base) + Complemento
Let’s suppose you have a problem with the AC and you ask the front-desk clerk if
you will need to change rooms. They can answer you:
WILL – NE GATIVE FORM
It will not (won’t) be necessary. We’ll send a handyman to fix the AC.
Isso não será necessário. Vamos mandar um funcionário da manutenção
para consertar o ar.
In this case, the subject is it, followed by will not or won’t, which is the
contracted form, plus the verb to be in the base form, and the complement. The
idea here is that a future event will not occur. In this case, changing rooms will not
be necessary.

116
There is another use of won’t that doesn’t specifically indicate an action not
happening in the future. We can use won’t to convey the idea that something
“refuses” to happen, or that someone refuses to do something. Take a look:
The TV won’t turn on. Can you send someone here?

A televisão não liga. Vocês podem mandar alguém aqui?
In this case, won’t implies that the person has already tried to turn
on the TV several times and nothing happened. It is almost as saying
that the TV “refuses to turn on”, even though this is just a figure of
speech. Notice that the structure is the same. The difference here is
the context.
In the interrogative form, we just need to invert the positions of the

subject and will. The rest of the sentence remains the same. Take a look:
WILL – INTERROGATIVE FORM
Will + Subject + Main Verb (Base Form) + Complement

Sujeito + Will + Not (Won’t) + Verbo Principal (Forma Base) + Complemento
Look at an example:
WILL – INTERROGATIVE FORM
Will the receptionist send someone to unclog the sink?

A recepcionista vai mandar alguém para desentupir a pia?
So, in this case, we start with will, then add the subject the receptionist,
then the verb send in its base form, and finally the complement someone
to unclog the sink.

117
You already know that will is used to talk about future events. You have also seen
that won’t can be used in another context to indicate that someone is refusing to do
something, or an object, such as a TV, refuses to respond to your command.
There is yet another situation in which will can be used. It’s when we use the
expression I’ll have to place an order, especially in bars and restaurants.
Check it out:
PL ACING AN ORDER – I’LL HAVE
I’ll have a burger with extra bacon, please.

Eu vou querer um hambúrger com mais bacon, por favor.
By saying so, you indicate that you want to order something; in this case, a
burger with extra bacon.
There is another expression often used in the same situation: I’d like. We could,
for example, order something by saying:
PL ACING AN ORDER – I’D LIKE
I’d like to order a chicken salad, please.

Eu gostaria de pedir uma salada de frango, por favor.
I’d like is the contracted form of I would like. It may sound a bit more formal than
I’ll have, even though both are commonly used to place orders.
We can also combine would with other verbs, such as, would eat, would
stay, would drink to talk about hypothesis, which expresses a very different
perspective when compared to the future. Compare:
WILL
Future events / Evento futuro
I’ll eat a sandwich later.

Eu vou comer um sanduíche mais tarde.

118
WOULD
Hypothesis / Hipótese
I’d eat a sandwich later, but I’m on a diet.

Eu comeria um sanduíche mais tarde, mas eu estou de dieta.
In the first example, we are talking about an action that I decided to perform in
the future. But in the second one, it is a hypothetical situation: I would eat it if I
weren’t on a diet, but since I am, I won’t actually eat it.
Let’s see another example with would:
WOULD
I’d drink another beer with you, but I can’t.

Eu tomaria outra cerveja com você, mas eu não posso.
Would drink refers to something I would like to do if it were possible, but it isn’t.
Now check this next one here:
WOULD
I’d stay a little longer, but I have to go.

Eu ficaria mais um pouco, mas tenho que ir.
Again, it is a hypothesis. I would like to stay, but I can’t.

So, would is used to talk about hypothetical situations, and it can also be used
in the expression I’d like or I would like to make requests in stores, restaurants,
and to order room service.

119
Now, when we order room service or online food, it is very important to understand
prices and know how to inform the room number or the address so that we can get
things delivered to the right place. To do that, we need to learn the numbers.
In English, there are cardinal and ordinal numbers. Let’s take a look at the cardinal
numbers first:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Numerais cardinais
0 - Zero 10 - Ten 20 - Twenty
1-O
ne 11 - Eleven 21 - Twenty-one
2-T
wo 12 - Twelve 22 - Twenty-two
3 - T hree 13 - T hirteen 30 - Thirty
4 - Four 14 - Fourteen 40 - Forty
5-F
ive 15 - F ifteen 50 - Fifty
6-S
ix 16 - Sixteen 60 - Sixty
7-S
even 17- Seventeen 70 - Seventy
8-E
ight 18 - Eighteen 80 - Eighty
9-N
ine 19 - Nineteen 90 - Ninety
HUNDREDS
Centenas
100 - One hundred 500 - Five hundred

A hundred
600 - Six hundred
200 - Two hundred
700 - Seven hundred
300 - Three hundred
800 - Eight hundred
400- Four hundred
900 - Nine hundred

120
THOUSANDS / MILLIONS / BILLIONS

Milhares / Milhões / Bilhões
1,000 One thousand

A thousand
1,500 ne thousand five hundred

O
Fifteen hundred
1,800 ne thousand eight hundred

O
Eighteen hundred
100,000 One hundred thousand
1,000,000 One million
10,000,000 Ten million
100,000,000 One hundred million
1,000,000,000 One billion
10,000,000,000 Ten billion
In written language, we use a hyphen in numbers like twenty-one and twenty-

two, and the same goes for other numbers, such as fifty-three, seventy-five,
eighty-eight…We don’t use and to say them.
We also do not use the plural to refer to numbers like two hundred, five
thousand, three million or eight billion.
We use cardinal numbers to refer to prices. For example:
US$14.98 – fourteen ninety-eight

Catorze dólares e noventa e oito centavos
Dollars and cents in English are separated by a dot, not a comma, as in other
languages. And when you hear a price, it is probably going to be all together, as
in fourteen ninety-eight, for example.
US$32.40 – thirty-two dollars and forty cents

Trinta e dois dólares e quarenta centavos

121
As you can see, we can also use the words dollars and cents to refer
to price. Notice that we don’t use and to say the hyphen.
Now take a look at this one:
US$154.00 – a hundred fifty-four / one hundred fifty-four

Cento e cinquenta e quatro dólares
In general, we use a hundred. We tend to say one hundred when we

want to emphasize the quantity one.
Now, let’s take a look at another context in which we can use numbers:
I’ll have a tuna salad and an orange juice.

I’m in room two one four / two hundred fourteen.
Eu vou querer uma salada de atum e um suco de laranja.
Eu estou no quarto dois, um, quatro / duzentos e catorze.
Here, we used a cardinal number to refer to the room where we are

staying. You can choose to say it number by number as well.
But when we refer to the floor, we are more likely to use an ordinal
number. Look:
I’ll have a tuna salad and an orange juice.

I’m at the business center, on the third floor.
Eu vou querer uma salada de atum e um suco de laranja.
Eu estou no business center, no terceiro andar.
Third is an ordinal number that corresponds to the number three.

They are used to express the idea of sequence or order.
Take a look at them:

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ORDINAL NUMBERS
Numerais ordinais
1st First 10th Tenth 20th Twentieth
2nd Second 11th Eleventh 21st Twenty–first
3rd Third 12th Twelfth 22nd Twenty–second
4th Fourth 14th Fourteenth 40th Fortieth
5th Fifth 15th Fifteenth 50th Fiftieth
6th Sixth 16th Sixteenth 60th Sixtieth
7th Seventh 17th Seventeenth 70th Seventieth
8th Eighth 18th Eighteenth 80th Eightieth
9th Ninth 19th Nineteenth 90th Ninetieth
Notice that the first three ordinal numbers have a different form. And their terminations will be
repeated whenever they appear after twentieth. That is, we say twenty-first, twenty-second,
twenty-third, and so on. For all the other ones we will use th at the end of the number. And when
we have a number like twenty-one, for example, only the second number is made ordinal; so we
say twenty-fourth (24th), thirty-eighth (38th), fifty-third (53th) and so on.
In this chapter, you have seen how to use will, the modal verb would, and cardinal and
ordinal numbers. If you want to get more information on these go to the Grammar
Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Will Page 249

Modal Verb Would Page 195
Cardinal Numbers Page 172
Ordinal Numbers Page 198

123
Part 5.
Grammar Activities
A. Number the columns according to the function of the structures used in the sentences
( 1 ) Future Event ( 3 ) Hypothesis

( 2 ) Order (4)S
omething “refuses” to happen
a) ( ) W
e will order room service tonight
b) ( ) T
he TV won’t turn on. Can you send someone here?
A televisão não liga. Vocês podem mandar alguém aqui?
c) ( ) I’ll have a burger with extra bacon.

Eu vou querer um hambúrger com mais bacon.
d) ( ) I’d eat a sandwich later, but I’m on a diet.

Eu comeria um sanduíche mais tarde, mas eu estou de dieta.
e) ( ) Maintenance will be there right away.

f) ( ) I’d like to order a chicken salad, please

Eu gostaria de pedir uma salada de frango, por favor.
B. Fill in the blanks with the correct word(s) according to the translation:
a) Good morning. I to place an order for breakfast, please.

Bom-dia. Eu gostaria de fazer um pedido de café da manhã, por favor.
b) The TV .Can someone come here and take a look?

A televisão não liga. Alguém pode vir aqui e dar uma olhada?

124
c) Maintenance there right away.
d. will order / ’ll order

f. would eat / ’d eat

e. third/3rd
d) We room service tonight.
c. will be
a. I would like / I’d like
b. will not turn on /
e) I’ll have a tuna salad and an orange juice. I’m at the business center, on the
won’t turn on
floor.
Eu vou querer uma salada de atum e um suco de laranja. Eu estou no business
center, no terceiro andar
f) I a sandwich, but I’m on a diet.
a. 1 / b. 4 / c. 2 /
d. 3 / e. 1 / f. 2

Eu comeria um sanduíche, mas eu estou de dieta.
Notes

125
7
Hotel Facilities
Part 1.
Video Script In this chapter, we will talk about hotel facilities and amenities. As you know,
these features will vary according to the hotel rating. Less luxurious and
expensive hotels won’t offer the same facilities and amenities that a five-star
hotel would. But it doesn’t necessarily mean that one hotel is better than the
other. The important thing is to know what is ideal for you. In this chapter, you
will see what facilities and amenities hotels usually offer. We will also show you
some important vocabulary and grammar to help you improve your English.
Now look at the script of Hotel facilities.
HOTEL FACILITIES
[At the hotel lobby]

Carla:
Hotels offer several facilities and amenities to ensure guests have a
pleasant stay. This is a fine hotel, where there are both outside and
indoor facilities. Lee, the concierge, has offered to give me a tour of the
hotel. Let’s go!
[Taking a tour of the hotel facilities]

Lee (concierge):
This is the outside facility: to our right there are flowers in our rose
garden. To our left, there is a fountain and our garden court.
Carla:
Oh, lovely!
Lee (concierge):
And right in front of us is our golf course.
Carla:
Oh, that’s gorgeous! Thank you, Lee!
Lee (concierge):
We like to call this our zen zone.

127
Carla:
It feels very zen!
Lee (concierge):
Right inside we can go check out the fitness facility, and the business
center.
Carla:
Yes, OK! Great! So Lee, remind me again: where is the fitness center?
Lee (concierge):
Now, our fitness center is on the second floor. Again, there are
treadmills and free weights for any type of workout you can think of.
Carla:
And so, if I’m kind of hungry, where can I go?
Lee (concierge):
Now, the restaurant, that’s on our first floor. It’s kind of close to the
lobby area as well, but if you only wanted a snack, there are vending
machines throughout the entire hotel.
Carla:
Oh, where are the vending machines located?
Lee (concierge):
They’re by the elevators.
Carla:
OK, so like, on each floor they’ve got...
Lee (concierge):
On each floor, yeah.
Carla:
Oh, that’s great! Now, I know you told me there was a business center
too.
Lee (concierge):
Yes, our business center is located right next to our main desk on the 1st
floor.
Carla:
So, you know, the other thing is: if I may need some extra cash, can I get
that here at the hotel?

128
Lee (concierge):
Yes, our ATM is located at the front door.
Carla:
Oh, perfect! You guys are a great staff, thank you so much, Lee. I don’t
know how I would live without you guys.
Lee (concierge):
Not a problem!
Carla:
You, and Sebastian, and Sanna. You guys have been so much help for
me!
Lee (concierge):
You’re so welcome Ms. Sanchez!
Carla:
I really like your hotel!
Lee (concierge):
Well, thank you!
DEPENDÊNCIAS DO HOTEL
[No saguão do hotel]

Carla:
Os hotéis oferecem várias instalações e comodidades para garantir que
os hóspedes tenham uma estadia agradável. Este é um ótimo hotel, que
tem instalações internas e externas. Lee, o concierge, se ofereceu para
me levar em um tour pelo hotel; vamos lá!
[Fazendo um passeio guiado por Lee, o concierge]

Lee (concierge):
Esta é a parte externa, e à sua direita estão as flores do nosso jardim de
rosas. À esquerda estão a fonte e nosso pátio ajardinado.
Carla:
Que agradável!

129
Lee (concierge):
E à nossa frente, está o campo de golfe.
Carla:
Que lindo! Obrigada, Lee!
Lee (concierge):
Nós gostamos de chamá-lo de espaço zen.
Carla:
Realmente parece bem zen!
Lee (concierge):
Aqui dentro podemos conferir a academia e o espaço business.
Carla:
OK, ótimo! Lee, me lembra onde fica a academia?
Lee (concierge):
A academia fica no segundo andar; lá você encontra esteiras e halteres
para qualquer tipo de exercício que você possa imaginar.
Carla:
E caso eu fique com fome, aonde posso ir?
Lee (concierge):
O restaurante fica no primeiro andar. Ele fica próximo ao saguão,
mas caso você só queira um lanchinho, temos máquinas de venda
automática por todo o hotel.
Carla:
E onde elas estão localizadas?
Lee (concierge):
Ao lado dos elevadores.
Carla:
OK, então tem uma em cada andar...
Lee (concierge):
Em cada andar, sim.
Carla:
OK, ótimo! Você me disse que havia um business center.

130
Lee (concierge):
Sim, nosso espaço business fica ao lado da recepção, no primeiro andar.
Carla:
Outra coisa: se eu precisar de mais dinheiro, consigo sacar aqui no
hotel?
Lee (concierge):
Sim, nosso caixa eletrônico fica na entrada.
Carla:
Perfeito. Vocês têm uma ótima equipe, muito obrigada, Lee. Eu não sei o
que faria sem vocês!
Lee (concierge):
Sem problemas!
Carla:
Você, o Sebastian e a Sanna. Vocês têm me ajudado tanto!
Lee (concierge):
De nada, Senhora Sanchez!
Carla:
Eu gosto muito do seu hotel!
Lee (concierge):
Muito obrigado!

131
Part 2.
Vocabulary There are many types of hotels in the U.S., and the quality of their service will vary according
to their ratings. The higher the hotel rating, the more amenities and conveniences will be made
available. There are some amenities that are commonly offered by most hotels. They are:
AMENITIES
Vending machine Ice machine

Máquina de venda automática Máquina de gelo
ATM (Automated Teller Machine) Washing machines

Caixa eletrônico Máquinas de lavar

132
Washing machines for self-service use will probably be more common at two or
three-star hotels. Luxury hotels will offer laundry service, and they will charge you
for each piece of laundry.
You may find the facilities and amenities listed separately, under the title indoor
facilities and outdoor facilities.
Let’s go through the ones that are commonly indoors:
I N DOOR FAC ILITIES
Bar and/or restaurant Gym / Fitness Center

Bar e/ou restaurante Academia
Business Center
Espaço Business / Espaço de Trabalho

133
And if you want to know any information about the hotel facilities, you can
always ask the clerk at the front desk. Let’s say you want information about
opening hours, for example. You can ask:
What are the restaurant opening hours?

Quais são os horários de funcionamento do restaurante?
What time does the hotel bar open?

Que horas abre o bar do hotel?
If you need specific information, such as asking for a printer, or if you want to know
where a specific facility is located, you can ask:
Is there a printer in the business center? Where is the fitness center?

Tem uma impressora no espaço business? Onde fica a academia?
Since we are talking about indoor facilities, here are some possible answers
concerning location. Check it out:
The fitness center is on the second floor, first door on your right.
A academia fica no segundo andar, primeira porta à sua direita.
The business center is in the lobby, to your left.

O espaço business fica no saguão, à sua esquerda.
The hotel bar is on the terrace.

O bar do hotel fica no terraço.

134
When it comes to outdoor facilities, some of them are very popular, such as:
O U TDOOR FAC ILITIES
Parking lot Swimming pool

Estacionamento Piscina
Kids’ play area

Área de recreação infantil / Brinquedoteca /
Playground
Some hotels may offer free parking. But it is

always a good idea to check. If you want to know Is there free parking for guests?
more about the hotel parking service, you can ask: Tem estacionamento gratuito para hóspedes?
How much is the parking fee? Do you have valet parking?

Quanto é a taxa de estacionamento? Vocês têm serviço de manobrista?

135
And you can ask for more information about the amenities you can find in these facilities:
Are there pool towels available for guests? Are there pool floats available for guests?
Tem/Há toalhas de piscina Tem/Há boias de piscina disponíveis
disponíveis para os hóspedes? para os hóspedes?
Is there a minimum height for

Is there a swimming pool for kids?
the kids’ play area?
Tem/Há uma piscina para crianças?
Tem uma altura mínima para o playground?
Is there a minimum age for the kids’ play area?

Tem uma idade mínima para área de recreação infantil?
FACILITIES OFFERED AT LUXURY HOTELS
Golf course Soccer field

Campo de golfe Campo de futebol
Tennis court Basketball court

Quadra de tênis Quadra de basquete
Now you are familiar with the most important facilities and amenities. You also know how
to ask about their existence and location.

136
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Facilities ( 8 ) Washing machines ( ) Piscina ( ) Caixa automático
(2)A
menities ( 9 ) Indoor facilities ( ) Máquina de gelo ( ) Instalações nas áreas
externas
( 3 ) Swimming pool ( 10 ) Outdoor facilities ( ) Campo de futebol
( )A
cademia
( 4 ) F itness center ( 11 ) Soccer field ( )M
áquinas de lavar
( ) Quadra de tênis
( 5 ) Vending machine ( 12 ) Tennis court ( ) Instalações
( )S
erviços de
( 6 ) ATM ( )M
áquina de venda
conveniência
automática
( 7 ) Ice machine
( ) Instalações nas áreas
internas
a) W
hat are the restaurant ?
Quais são os horários de funcionamento do restaurante?
d. business center
b) Is there a for kids?

e. towels
Tem uma piscina para crianças?

f. floats
c) W here is the ?
Onde fica a academia?

b. swimming pool
a. opening hours
c. fitness center
d) T he is in the lobby, to your left.

O espaço business fica no saguão, à sua esquerda.
3 / 7 / 11 / 8 / 1 / 5 / 9 /
e) A
re there pool available for guests?
Tem/Há toalhas de piscina disponíveis para os hóspedes?

6 / 10 / 4 / 12 / 2
f) A
re there pool available for guests?
Tem boias de piscina disponíveis para os hóspedes?

137
Part 4.
Grammar In this chapter, we will talk about the structure there + Be, which is used in English to indicate
existence, and the question word what.
To talk about existence in the present, there are two possibilities: in the singular we use there
is, and in the plural we use there are. That is, for this structure, we use the verb to be in the
present, is and are. Let’s see some examples:
THERE + BE – PRESENT
SINGULAR
There is a printer in the business center.

Tem/Há uma impressora no espaço business.
There isn’t a printer in the business center.

Não tem/há uma impressora no espaço business.
Is there a printer in the business center?

Tem/Há uma impressora no espaço business?
THERE + BE – PRESENT
PLURAL
There are pool floats available for guests.

Tem/Há boias de piscina disponíveis para os hóspedes.
There aren’t pool floats available for guests.

Não tem/há boias de piscina disponíveis para os hóspedes.
Are there pool floats available for guests?

Tem/Há boias de piscina disponíveis para os hóspedes?

138
As you can see, to make the negative and interrogative forms, we just
follow the rules of the verb to be. In the negative form, we add not
after to be, and we may use the contracted forms. In the interrogative
form, we just invert to be and the word there, so we have is there or
are there.
We use these structures when we want to talk about existence by

mentioning or listing what exists. If we don’t know what exists, we
need to use the question word what. But pay attention: when we ask
about existence, it means that we do not know if there is only one, or
two, or three, or a thousand items. Therefore, the question will always
be in the singular.
Take a look at this example:
WHAT IS THERE + COMPLEMENT
What is there at the hotel?

O que há/tem no hotel?
Note that we start the sentence with what and then use the
interrogative form in the singular: is there. So when we want to
know about existence in the present, it will always be what is there,
plus the complement of the sentence.
In this context, the complement will usually indicate a place. Here we
have at the hotel. Have a look at another example:
WHAT IS THERE + COMPLEMENT
What is there near the fitness center?

O que há/tem perto da academia?
Once again, we are indicating a place in the complement of the

sentence.

139
So far, we have been using this structure to talk about existence in the present.
Now let’s take a look at how we can talk about existence in the future, that is,
things that will exist.
To express existence in the future we are going to use will. And just as we
conjugate the verb to be in the present – there is and there are –, we will
conjugate the verb to be in the future. Let’s take a look at this structure:
THERE + BE – FUTURE
THERE + WILL BE + singular or plural nouns

THERE + WILL BE + substantivos no singular ou no plural
Note that when we talk about existence in the future, we use there will be for
both singular and plural.
Let’s take a look at an example in the affirmative form:
Aff irmative Form
SINGULAR
There will be a welcome party for guests in the hotel lobby.

Haverá uma festa de boas-vindas para os hóspedes no saguão do hotel.
Here we are talking about a party, that is, we are talking about a singular noun
in this sentence. And the structure is there will be.
Check this other example out:
PLURAL
There will be snacks and drinks at the party

Haverá petiscos e bebidas na festa.

140
In this case, we are using nouns in the plural form: snacks and
drinks, so we are referring to plural nouns. Still, we keep on using
there will be.
To make the negative form, we use won’t, which is the

contracted form of will + not.
Check it out:
Negative Form
There won’t be a welcome party for guests in the hotel lobby.

Não haverá uma festa de boas-vindas para os hóspedes no saguão do hotel.
So, in the negative form the structure will be there won’t be +

singular or plural nouns. You may also use the non-contracted form
will not, but it sounds very emphatic.
Now look at the structure for the interrogative form:
Interrogative Form
Will there be a welcome party for guests in the hotel lobby?

Haverá uma festa de boas-vindas para
os hóspedes no saguão do hotel?
So, the structure in the interrogative form will be the same regardless of the
quantity of items we are referring to: will there be + singular or plural nouns.

141
It’s possible to vary the levels of possibility for something to exist.

If we wish to emphasize the idea that something will definitely exist, we can
use an adverb with this structure. Take a look:
There will certainly be more people sharing common areas,

which means less privacy.
Com certeza vai ter mais gente dividindo áreas comuns,
o que significa menos privacidade.
Note that we are using certainly before will as a modal verb to express a high
level of certainty.
If we want to add an idea of possibility to this structure, we can use other

modal verbs with the expression there + be. We just need to follow the
structure of modal verbs with verb to be. Let’s see how we do this in the
affirmative form first:
THERE + BE AND MODAL VERBS

Aff irmative
THERE + MODAL VERB + BE + SINGULAR/PLURAL NOUNS
Just like when we used will, it won’t matter if we are talking about singular or plural nouns.
Take a look at this example with the modal verb can:
THERE CAN BE
Possibility - Possibilidade
There can be some disadvantages if you stay at a hostel.

Pode haver algumas desvantagens em se hospedar em um albergue.

142
Here we used the modal verb can to express a possibility.

Now take a look at this example with could:
THERE COULD BE
Remote Possibility - Possibilidade remota
But there could be private suites as well.

Mas há alguma possibilidade / pode ser que tenham quartos privados também.
There could be conveys an idea of a remote or weak possibility.

Now look at an example using the modal verb may:
THERE MAY BE
Probability - Probabilidade
The Green Hostel is very popular. There may be

affordable private room options.
O Green Hostel é muito popular. É provável que haja quartos
privados com preços acessíveis.
Now we’re using the modal verb may to express probability.

Finally, an example with must:
THERE MUST BE
Assumption - Suposição
There must be a lot of guest reviews online where

you’ll find this information.
Deve ter/haver muitas avaliações online de hóspedes onde você
vai achar essa informação.

143
Here, must is used to make an assumption about something, which means that, even though
you haven’t looked it up yourself, based on your previous information, you are pretty sure there
will be reviews online.
We can also use the expression there + be with modal verbs in the negative and interrogative
forms. The structures are pretty simple. Let’s take a look at them. First, the negative form:

Negative
THERE + MODAL VERB + NOT + BE + SINGULAR/PLURAL NOUNS
As you can see, all we have to do is put not after the modal verb.
And the interrogative form:

Interrogative
MODAL VERB + THERE + BE + SINGULAR/PLURAL NOUNS
So, we only invert the position of the modal verb and there in the sentence. The idea conveyed
in both negative and interrogative forms will depend on the modal verb and the context.
In this chapter, we talked about the expression there + be and the question word what.
If you want to learn more details about these topics, go to the Grammar Guide section
at the end of your book
GRAMMAR GUIDE
There + Be Page 245

Question Word What Page 214

144
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Number the columns according to what they express in the sentences.
Activities
( 1 ) Certainty ( 3 ) Probability ( 5 ) Assumption
( 2 ) Possibility (4)W
eak/Remote possibility ( 6 ) Existence in the future
( ) here can be some disadvantages if you stay at a hostel.

T
Pode haver algumas desvantagens em se hospedar em um albergue
( ) here must be a lot of guest reviews online where you’ll find this information
T
Deve haver muitas avaliações online de hóspedes onde você vai achar essa informação
( ) here will be snacks and drinks at the party.

T
Haverá petiscos e bebidas na festa.
( ) T here will certainly be more people sharing common areas, which means less privacy.
Com certeza vai ter mais gente dividindo áreas comuns, o que significa menos.privacidade
( ) T he Green Hostel is very popular. There may be affordable private room options.
O Green Hostel é muito popular. É provável que haja quartos privados com preços acessíveis
( ) T here could be private suites as well.

Pode ser que tenham quartos privados também.
B. F
ill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the expression there + be according to the
translation.
a) pool towels available for guests?

Tem/Há toalhas de piscina disponíveis para os hóspedes?
b) a swimming pool for kids?

Tem/Há uma piscina para crianças?

145
c) a welcome party for guests in the hotel lobby.

Não haverá uma festa de boas-vindas para os hóspedes no saguão do hotel.
e. There must be
d. T here can be /
There may be
f. Will there be
d) some disadvantages if you stay at a hostel.
Pode haver algumas desvantagens em se hospedar em um albergue.
There will not be

c. T here won’t be /
e) a lot of guest reviews online where you’ll find this
information
a. Are there
b. Is there
Deve ter/haver muitas avaliações online de hóspedes onde você vai achar essa

informação
2 / 5/ 6 / 1 / 3/ 4
f) a welcome party for guests in the hotel lobby?
Activity A –
Answers
Vai ter/Haverá uma festa de boas-vindas para os hóspedes no saguão do hotel? .
Notes

146
8
Checkout
Part 1.
Video Script Now it is time to leave the hotel. You will get your bill and check out. But there are
some things you should know about this moment. For example, what could you
do if you realize they have charged you for something you didn’t ask or order? Or
what could you say if you need to stay in your room a little bit longer? Well, in this
chapter, we will help you with that, besides going through some vocabulary and
grammar that will take your English skills up a notch.
Now, look at the script of Checkout.
CHE CKOUT
[In her room]

Carla:
It’s time to go back home. You need to pack your bags and make sure
you don’t leave anything behind. In a perfect world, we should pack the
night before and leave out just what we need to get dressed and go.
But this is not always possible, especially if you’re on a business trip. So
you might need a late checkout. I know I do. It’s going to take me a little
longer than I had planned to pack my stuff and be ready to leave.
Early check-in and late checkout policies vary according to the hotel, but
if you need a little extra time in the room, contact the front desk. Staff
will very likely offer you a complimentary late checkout. At this hotel,
checkout is at noon. I was given a complimentary late checkout until 2
p.m. After that, from 2 to 4 p.m., I’ll have to pay US$25 per hour, and
after 4 p.m., I’ll be charged for 1 daily rate.
[At the front desk]

Katie (Front-desk clerk):
Ms. Sanchez, hello.
Carla:
Hi, Katie! What time is it?

It’s 2 o’clock, right on time!

148
Carla:
Yes! Complimentary late checkout!

Did you enjoy your stay?
Carla:
It was amazing!

Good! That’s great, that’s good to hear! And can I charge the incidentals
on your credit card?
Carla:
Why do you have my credit card?

It was when you checked in, remember?
Carla:
That’s right!
Katie (Front desk clerk):

Yes.
Carla:
How much are the incidentals?

US$65. Oh, I’m sorry! US$165.
Carla:
Oh, well...Room service, massage, movie...Yeah, that sounds about right!
You can go ahead and charge it.

OK! And I can send you your receipt via email, is that OK?
Carla:
Yeah, you can do that?

I can do that, OK. The email we have on file?
Carla:
Yeah, great!

149

Alright, that’s sent right to you. Can I get you a shuttle or a taxi?
Carla:
No, I’ve got that all arranged.

OK, great! And I just need your room key whenever you’re ready.
Carla:
Right, yeah. I guess this is it, huh?

This is it. Thanks!
Carla:
Thank you, Katie.

Yeah, you’re welcome! Thank you for staying with us!
Carla:
Bye!

Thank you, have a good one!
Carla:
Yeah, bye!

Bye!
[Leaving the hotel]

Carla:
Alright, guys. So, we have gone through the process of what it’s like
to stay in a nice hotel. Checking in, checking out, reserving a hotel,
ordering room service, finding out about their facilities and so on. I hope
this has been a good experience for you; it certainly has been for me!
One last selfie for the girls!

150
CHE CKOUT
[No quarto do hotel]

Carla:
Está na hora de voltar para casa. Você precisa arrumar as malas e ter
certeza de que não está esquecendo nada. Em um mundo perfeito,
você arrumaria a mala na noite anterior, deixando de fora só o que
precisasse para se vestir e ir embora. Mas isso nem sempre é possível,
especialmente se você está viajando a negócios. Talvez você precise de
um checkout tardio. Eu sei que preciso, pois vou demorar um pouco mais
do que o planejado para fazer minha mala e ficar pronta para ir.
Políticas de check-in adiantado e checkout tardio variam de acordo com

o hotel, mas se você precisa de um pouco mais de tempo no quarto, fale
com a recepção. A equipe provavelmente vai te oferecer um checkout
tardio de cortesia. Neste hotel, o checkout é ao meio-dia. Me deram um
checkout tardio sem custo até 2h da tarde. Depois disso, das 2h às 4h,
terei que pagar US$25 por hora, e, depois das 4h da tarde, me cobrarão
1 diária completa.
[Na recepção do hotel]

Katie ( recepcionista):
Senhora Sanchez, olá.
Carla:
Oi, Katie! Que horas são?
São duas horas em ponto!
Carla:
Sim! Checkout tardio de cortesia!
Gostou da sua estadia?
Carla:
Foi incrível!
Que bom!
Carla:
Foi tudo maravilhoso!

151
Ótimo, bom ouvir isso! E posso cobrar as despesas extras no seu cartão
de crédito?
Carla:
Por que você tem meu cartão de crédito?
A senhora me deu ele no check-in, lembra?
Carla:
É mesmo!
Sim!
Carla:
Quanto ficou o total?
US$65. Oh, perdão! São US$165.
Carla:
Vejamos... Serviço de quarto, massagem, filme... Parece que está tudo
certo! Pode continuar e fazer a cobrança.
OK! Eu posso enviar a nota para o seu e-mail, OK?
Carla:
Você pode fazer isso?
Posso sim. Mando para o e-mail que temos em seu cadastro?
Carla:
Sim, ótimo!
OK, é enviado direto para a senhora. Posso chamar um táxi ou algo do
tipo?
Carla:
Não, já tenho isso combinado.

152
OK, ótimo! Eu só preciso da chave do seu quarto assim que a
senhora puder devolvê-la.
Carla:
OK, sim. Acho que é só isso, não?
Exatamente. Obrigada!
Carla:
Obrigada, Katie.
De nada! Obrigada por se hospedar conosco!
Carla:
Tchau!
Tchau! Tudo de bom!
Carla:
Sim, tchau!
Tchau!
Carla:
OK, pessoal. Nós passamos por todo o processo de como é ficar
em um bom hotel. Como fazer o check-in, o checkout, as reservas,
pedir serviço de quarto, explorar as instalações... Espero que tenha
sido uma boa experiência para vocês; para mim, com certeza foi!
Uma última selfie para as meninas!

153
Part 2.
Vocabulary Checking out of a hotel is pretty much the same anywhere. However, there are some checkout
procedures that are quite common in the U.S., such as receiving the hotel invoice in your room
on the day you will leave or the night before that. They will probably slip it under your room
door. And it will probably be organized like this. Look:
HOTEL INVOICE
Room charge Incidentals

Custo do quarto Despesas extras
Fees Taxes
Taxas Impostos
The checkout time can vary in hotels in the U.S., so you should
check it at the hotel where you are staying and plan ahead. But if
you need more time, you can always ask for a late checkout.
Late checkouts are usually complimentary, that is, hotels won’t
typically charge you if you need an extra hour or two in the room.
All you have to do is go to the front desk and ask:
Can I have a late checkout?

Eu poderia fazer o checkout mais tarde?
There are probably two possible answers for that. One of them will
be to grant you your request:
Yes, I can give you a complimentary late

checkout until 2 p.m. Is that OK?
Sim, eu posso te dar um checkout tardio
de cortesia até às 2h. Que tal?

154
However, if the hotel is completely booked, you may hear this:
Unfortunately, it won’t be possible. We are at full capacity this week.

Infelizmente, não será possível. Estamos com a capacidade máxima esta semana.
If you really need more time even though the hotel cannot give you a complimentary late
checkout, you will probably be charged for that. Hotels usually have some policy establishing
certain conditions and time frames. So you might hear something like:
I can give you a complimentary late checkout until 2 p.m.

Eu posso te dar um checkout tardio de cortesia até às 2 da tarde.
From 2 to 4 p.m., it’s After 4 p.m., we’ll charge you for a

25 dollars per hour. one night’s stay.
Das 2h às 4h da tarde, são Depois das 4h da tarde, nós
25 dólares por hora. cobraremos o valor de uma diária.
When you get all set, just go to the front desk to checkout.
You can start by saying this:
Good morning / Good afternoon. I’d like to check out.

Bom-dia. / Boa-tarde. Eu gostaria de fazer o checkout.
The receptionist will probably ask you this question:
What’s your room number?

Qual é o número do seu quarto?
Next, the receptionist is going to check if you have

incidentals. If you do, they will most likely say:
There are some incidentals. Can I charge them to your credit card?
Há algumas despesas extras. Posso cobrá-las no seu cartão de crédito?

155
Then the receptionist will probably ask you this: Or they can say:
How did you like your stay? Did you enjoy staying here with us? /
Como foi a sua estadia? / Did you like staying here with us?
O que você achou da sua estadia? Você gostou da sua estadia conosco?
Then the receptionist is going to give you a copy of your bill, even though you have
already received the invoice. You should check or double-check everything. If you
find any excessive charges, talk to the receptionist. You can say, for example:
I’m sorry, the bill is not correct. I didn’t order room service.
Desculpe, mas a conta não está certa. Eu não pedi serviço de quarto.
Or you can just ask them to double-check your whole bill. Here is what you can say:
Excuse me, I’m afraid the bill is not correct. Can you check it, please?
Com licença, mas receio que a conta não esteja certa.
Pode verificá-la, por favor?
Notice that we are using I’m sorry or Excuse me to start the

sentences. You can also start with I’m afraid, which is a polite
expression used when you want to say something that might be
upsetting.
After setting your bill straight, the receptionist will probably offer to
call a cab or a shuttle to take you to the airport. You will probably hear
questions like these:
Do you need a shuttle to the airport?

Você precisa de traslado para o aeroporto?
Can I get you a cab/taxi to the airport?

Posso chamar um táxi para você ir para o aeroporto?

156
If your flight isn’t leaving anytime soon and you want to enjoy the city a bit more, you
can ask the receptionist to store your luggage for you. You may say, for example:
Do you have luggage storage service? Can you store my luggage for a few hours?
Vocês têm serviço de armazenamento de Você pode guardar minha bagagem por
bagagem? algumas horas?
Can I leave my luggage here until I go to the airport?

Posso deixar a minha bagagem aqui até eu ir para o aeroporto?
After that, you should hand the receptionist the room key and bid them farewell.
You may hear the following:
Have a good day. /

Bye. / Goodbye.
Have a good one.
Tchau.
Tenha um bom dia.
After that, you should hand the receptionist the room key and bid them farewell.
You may hear the following:
Now you can understand the hotel bill and you know how to proceed during checkout.

157
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Room charge ( 7 ) Late checkout ( ) Conta ( ) Táxi
(2)B
ill ( 8 ) Complimentary ( ) Taxas ( )T
raslado / Transporte
( 3 ) Checkout time ( 9 ) Cab ( )C

heckout tardio ( ) Sem custo / Cortesia
/ mais tarde
( 4 ) Incidentals ( 10 ) Have a good day ( ) Impostos
( ) Com capacidade
( 5 ) Fees ( 11 ) Shuttle ( )H
ora do checkout
máxima / Lotado
( 6 ) Taxes ( 12 ) At full capacity ( ) Tenha um bom dia
( ) Despesas extras
( )C
usto do quarto
a) C
an I have a ?
Eu poderia fazer o checkout mais tarde?
b) I can give you a late checkout until 2 p.m.

Eu posso te dar um checkout tardio de cortesia até às 2h.
d. incidentals
e. shuttle
c) We are at this week.

f. bill
Estamos com a capacidade máxima esta semana

d) T
here are some .
b. complimentary
a. late checkout
c. full capacity
Há algumas despesas extras.
e) Do you need a to the airport?

Você precisa de translado para o aeroporto?
2 / 5 / 7 / 12 / 4 / 9 / 11
f) I’m sorry, but the is not correct.

/ 8 / 6 / 3 / 10 / 1
Desculpe, mas a conta não está certa.

158
Part 4.
Grammar In this chapter, we are going to focus on some grammar topics concerning
checking out.
Something very important when we talk about the checkout is to be aware of
the time you should leave your room and hand over the keys to the front desk.
Typically, hotels have the checkout time displayed at the front desk or even in a
document containing the hotel policies, which will be available in the room. But if
you have questions, just ask:
What time is checkout?

A que horas é o checkout?
Notice that we used the question word what combined with the word
time to ask about the time we are supposed to check out.
And the answer will probably be the following:
Checkout is at 12 p.m.
O checkout é ao meio-dia.
Here we used a preposition of time, at, because we are referring to scheduled time.
If we ask for the time it is right now, the question word will be the same, what time,
but the answer will not include at. Look at the example:
What time is it? It’s 2 o’clock.

Que horas são? São 2h.
As you can see, we didn’t use at in the answer because it is not scheduled time.
We also used o’clock, because we are referring to time on the hour, that is, from
1 to 12, with no extra minutes.
But if you wish, you can omit that from

the answer and just say: It’s 2.
São 2h.

159
So, we can conclude that when we talk about an

appointment or scheduled time, we need to say the The shuttle to the airport leaves at 1 p.m
preposition at + time. Let’s see another example: O traslado para o aeroporto sai à 1h da tarde.
Here we are talking about a scheduled time for a shuttle. That’s why we used at.
When it comes to time, there is also the possibility of referring to a period of time. If
we want to ask the duration of an event, we should use how long. Check it out:
How long does the shuttle take to arrive at the airport?

Quanto tempo o traslado leva pra chegar ao aeroporto?
Here we asked about the period of time necessary to arrive at the airport, so we
used how long. In this case, we can’t use What time.
A possible answer to this question could be the following:
It takes from 40 to 50 minutes.

Ele leva de 40 a 50 minutos.
So, we use the prepositions from and to to establish that the duration of the trip may
vary within those minutes.
Imagine another common checkout situation: You are running late and decide to
request a complimentary late checkout. You may wonder how long you can stay in
the room. So you say:
How long can I stay in the room?

Again, you will use How long to know the period of time you are still allowed to
stay in the room.
And the answer could be like this:
You can stay until 3 p.m.

Você pode ficar até 3h da tarde.

160
Here, we used until to express a period of time that lasts from the
time we speak up to that particular time, in this case, 3 p.m.
So far, we have seen some very common prepositions to talk
about time or duration. Let’s recap:
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
at used to refer to scheduled time or an appointment

(em/a)
usado para se referir a uma hora marcada ou compromisso
from/to used to mark periods of time / duration

(em/a) usado para marcar períodos de tempo / duração
until used to convey the idea of something happening up to a

certain moment
(até) usado para dar a ideia de algo acontecendo até um determinado
momento
The best way to learn prepositions is by understanding in which situations or

combinations we are supposed to use them. For instance, when it comes to time,
we can also refer to parts of the day, such as morning, afternoon, and night.
And there will be specific prepositions to be used in each case. Check it out:
The housekeepers clean the rooms in the morning.

As camareiras limpam o quarto pela manhã / durante o período da manhã.
To talk about the morning

period, we use the preposition
The swimming pool opens in the afternoon.
in: in the morning.
A piscina abre à tarde / na parte da tarde.
To talk about the afternoon, we

also use in: in the afternoon.
The hotel bar opens only at night.
But pay attention to this:
O bar do hotel abre somente à noite.

161
To talk about the night, we will no longer use in, but at. Moreover, we
won’t use the definite article the, but simply say at night.
So we have in the morning, in the afternoon, and at night. Note
that the preposition varies according to the word with which it is
combined.
When we want to ask about the moment of the day, year, or month
in which a situation occurs, we have to use another question word:
when.
When does not refer to scheduled time or period of time, but to a
broader moment in which something happens, happened, or will
happen. Let’s take a look at an example:
When does the hotel bar open?

Quando o bar do hotel abre?
We use when here because we want to know the moment something

happens. And the answer to this question could be the following:
It opens at night.
Ele abre à noite.
As you can see, we are not indicating time or period of time,

but the moment, or part of the day when the situation happens.
In this chapter, we talked about the question words what, when and how, and we’ve
seen some prepositions of time. If you want to learn more about these topics, go to the
Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Question Word What Page 214

Question Word When Page 221
Question Word How Page 208
Prepositions of Time Page 201

162
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Match the columns according to the functions of the question words.
Activities
( 1 ) To ask about the time ( 3 ) To ask about a moment in the day
( 2 ) To ask about a period of time
( ) ow long does the shuttle take to arrive at the airport?

H
Quanto tempo o traslado leva pra chegar ao aeroporto?
( ) here must be a lot of guest reviews online where you’ll find this information
T
Deve haver muitas avaliações online de hóspedes onde você vai achar essa informação
( ) hat time is checkout?

W
A que horas é o checkout?
( ) W hen does the hotel bar open?

Quando o bar do hotel abre?
( ) W hat time is it?

Que horas são?
( ) How long can I stay in the room?

Quanto tempo eu posso ficar no quarto?
B. F
ill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition.
a) The housekeepers clean the rooms the morning.

As camareiras limpam o quarto pela manhã.
b) The swimming pool opens the afternoon.

A piscina abre na parte da tarde.

163
c) T he hotel bar opens only night.

O bar do hotel abre somente à noite.
e. from – to
d. until
f. at
d) You can stay 3 p.m.
Você pode ficar até 3h da tarde.
e) It takes 40 50 minutes.
b. in
c. at
a. in
2/1/3/1/2
f) T he shuttle to the airport leaves 1 p.m.
Activity A –
Answers

O traslado para o aeroporto sai à 1h da tarde.
Notes

164
Gram
mar
Grammar Guide.
Guide
Grammar
GuideAdjectives
Adjectives are used to describe ADJE CTIVES
things. We can use adjectives to Subject + Verb + Adjective
describe objects, people, places,
the weather, and food, for example.
Mary is smart.
Adjectives don’t have singular Mary é esperta.
or plural forms or feminine and (subject: Mary + verb: is + adjective: smart)
masculine, and they always refer
to nouns or pronouns. John is smart.
Adjectives are used mainly in two John é esperto.
positions. In the first one, a noun or a (subject: John + verb: is + adjective: smart)
pronoun is the subject of the sentence,
followed by the verb and the adjective. Mary and John are smart.
Mary e John são espertos.
(subject: Mary and John + verb: are + adjective: smart)
The other position for adjectives is right before the noun to which they refer.
In this case, we’ll have a determiner (if necessary), the adjective and the noun.
Take a look:
ADJE CTIVES
(Determiner) + Adjective + Noun
Mary has a great job.

Mary tem um ótimo emprego.
(determiner: a + adjective: great + noun: job)
John has a great job.

John tem um ótimo emprego.
(determiner: a + adjective: great + noun: job)
Mary and John have great jobs.

Mary e John têm ótimos empregos.
( no determiner + adjective: great + noun: job)

166
Adjectives
In this second structure, it’s possible to use a determiner or not. But what is a determiner?
A determiner can be an article, such as the, a, or an; a demonstrative, such as this, that,
these, or those; or a possessive adjective, such as my, your, his, her, its, our, or their.
DE TERMINERS
Article: the/a/an
Artigo: o(a) / um(a)
Demonstratives: this; these / that; those

Pronomes demonstrativos: este(a), esse(a); estes(as) esses(as) / aquele(a); aqueles(as)
Possessive adjectives: my / your / his / her / its / our / their

Pronomes possessivos: meu(s); minha(s) / teu(s); tua(s); seu(s); sua(s) /
seu; sua; dele; dela / nosso(s); nossa(s) / seus; suas; deles; delas
Let’s see some examples with determiners before the adjective and the noun.
ADJE CTIVES
(Determiner) + Adjective + Noun
Chris is the best student in the class.

Chris é o melhor aluno da sala.
(determiner: the + adjective: best + noun: student)
Look at those cute dogs!

Olha aqueles cachorros fofos!
(determiner: those + adjective: cute + noun: dogs)
Chocolate is my favorite dessert.

Chocolate é minha sobremesa favorita.
(determiner: my + adjective: favorite + noun: dessert)

167
Adjectives
It’s possible to use two or more adjectives in a sentence. Look at the example:
ADJE CTIVES
Carnival is a beautiful big old festival.

O Carnaval é uma grande e bonita festa antiga.
(determiner: a + adjectives: beautiful, big, and old + noun: festival)
When you use more than one adjective in a sentence, there is an order to be followed. Check it out:
ADJE CTIVE ORDER
1st – Opinion 2nd – Size

Example: Amazing, beautiful, nice. Example: Big, small, tall, short.
Exemplo: Incrível, bonito(a), legal. Exemplo: Grande, pequeno(a), alto(a), baixo(a).
3rd – Physical characteristics 4th – Shape

Example: Thin, tall, short. Example: Round, square, rectangular.
Exemplo: Magro(a), alto(a), baixo(a). Exemplo: Redondo(a), quadrado(a), retangular.
5th – Age 6th – Color

Example: Old and young. Example: Blue, red, yellow.
Exemplo: Velho(a) e novo(a). Exemplo: Azul, vermelho(a), amarelo(a).
3rd – Physical characteristics 8th – Material

Example: Japanese, Italian, American. Example: Wooden, plastic, glass.
Exemplo: Japonês(esa), Italiano(a), Americano(a). Exemplo: De madeira, de plástico, de vidro.
9th – Type 10th – Purpose

Example: General, specific. Example: Cooking, cleaning, teaching.
Exemplo: Geral, específico(a). Exemplo: Para cozinhar, limpar, ensinar.
It’s not common to use many adjectives for the same noun, but it’s possible.
This is how adjectives are used in English.

168
Grammar
GuideBe Supposed To
Be Supposed + Infinitive is a phrase used to talk about:
BE + SUPPOSED + INFINITIVE
What people are expected to do ( rules or laws).

O que se espera que as pessoas façam ( regras ou leis).
What is expected to happen.

O que se espera que aconteça.
What is generally believed.

O que de modo geral se acredita ser verdade.
Take a look at its structure in the affirmative form and some examples:
BE SUPPOSED + INFINITIVE
Affirmative
Subject + Be Supposed + Verb on the infinitive + Complement
Sujeito + Be Supposed + Verbo no Infinitivo + Complemento
Laura is supposed to arrive at work at 9 a.m.

Laura deve/tem que chegar ao trabalho às 9h da manhã.
Espera-se que Laura chegue ao trabalho às 9h da manhã.
This sunscreen is supposed to be waterproof.

Presume-se que este protetor solar seja à prova d’água.
Espera-se que este protetor seja à prova d’água.
Hollywood movie stars are supposed to be rich.

Espera-se/Presume-se que estrelas de Hollywood sejam ricas.

169
Be Supposed To
In its negative form, Be Supposed + Infinitive can refer to something that people are expected
not to do or maybe to something that is prohibited:
B E SUPPOSED + INFINITIVE
Negative
Subject + Be + NOT + Supposed + Verb on the Infinitive + Complement
Sujeito + Be + NOT + Supposed + Verbo no Infinitivo + Complemento
You aren’t (are not) supposed to park here.

Você não deve/não pode estacionar aqui.
Espera-se que você não estacione aqui.
Use: What people are expected not to do or something that is prohibited.

Uso: O que se espera que as pessoas não façam, ou o que é proibido.
In the interrogative form, we can use it to ask questions about what is expected from people.
Interrogative
Subject + Be + NOT + Supposed + Verb on the Infinitive + Complement
Be + Sujeito + Supposed + Verbo no Infinitivo + Complemento
Are we supposed to take part in the meeting?

Nós devemos participar da reunião? / Espera-se que a gente participe da reunião?
Use: To ask questions about what people are expected to do.

Uso: Para perguntar o que se espera que as pessoas façam.

170
Be Supposed To
We can also use Be Supposed + Infinitive in the past by using the verb to be in its past form. In this case,
it’s typically used to express contrast between what should have happened and what actually happened.
Have a look:
Past
Subject + Verb to Be in the Past + Supposed + Verb on the Infinitive + Complement
Sujeito + Verbo to Be no Passado + Verbo no Infinitivo + Complemento
You were supposed to clean your room. Why haven’t you?

Você deveria ter limpado o seu quarto. Por que você não limpou?
Esperava-se que você limpasse o seu quarto. Por que você não limpou?
Peter was not supposed to leave without my permission. Why did he?
O Peter não deveria sair sem a minha permissão. Por que ele saiu?
Esperava-se que o Peter não saísse sem a minha permissão. Por que ele saiu?
Use: To express what should have happened, but did not happen.
Uso: Para expressar o que deveria ter acontecido, mas não aconteceu.
And that is how we use the structure Be Supposed + Infinitive.

171
Grammar
GuideCardinal Numbers
Cardinal numbers are used to talk about quantity. Numbers such as one,
five, twelve, and two hundred are cardinal numbers. They can be used to
refer to anything, including people. Check out some examples:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Bob owns two companies.

Bob tem duas empresas.
Lisa works forty-four hours a week.

Lisa trabalha quarenta e quatro horas por semana.
There were about thirty thousand people at the stadium.

Havia aproximadamente trinta mil pessoas no estádio.
Here is a list with some common cardinal numbers:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
0 – Zero 10 – Ten 20 – Twenty

1 – One 11 – Eleven 21 – Twenty-one
2 – Two 12 – Twelve 22 – Twenty-two
3 – Three 13 – Thirteen 30 – Thirty
4 – Four 14 – Fourteen 40 – Forty
5 – Five 15 – Fifteen 50 – Fifty
6 – Six 16 – Sixteen 60 - Sixty
7 – Seven 17 – Seventeen 70 – Seventy
8 – Eight 18 – Eighteen 80 – Eighty
9 – Nine 19 – Nineteen 90 – Ninety

172
Cardinal Numbers
Now check how we spell the hundreds and thousands:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Hundreds Thousands/Millions/Billions
100 – One hundred 1,000 – one thousand
A hundred
1,500 – one thousand five hundred
200 – Two hundred fifteen hundred
300 – Three hundred 1,800 – one thousand eight hundred
400 – Four hundred eighteen hundred
500 – Five hundred 100,000 – one hundred thousand
600 – Six hundred 1,000,000 – one million
700 – Seven hundred 100,000,000 – one hundred million
800 – Eight hundred 1,000,000,000 – one billion
900 – Nine hundred 10,000,000,000 – ten billion
Notice that in English, the thousands, millions, and billions are usually separated by commas.
Round numbers between 1,100 and 1,900 can be spoken in two different ways. For example, the
number 1,500 can be pronounced as fifteen hundred or one thousand five hundred. It’s common
in informal contexts.
We generally use a instead of one to say a hundred, a thousand, and a million. We will use one
hundred, one thousand, or one million when we want to give emphasis to the exact quantity.
Compare:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
A or One
What would you do if you had a billion dollars? (Neutral)

O que você faria se tivesse um bilhão de dólares? (Neutro)
One billion dollars? I have no idea! (Emphasizing)

Um bilhão de dólares? Eu não tenho ideia. (Enfático)
The next gas station is about a hundred miles from here. (Neutral)
O próximo posto de gasolina fica a mais ou menos cem milhas daqui. (Neutro)
Do we really have to drive one hundred miles up to the next gas station? (Emphasizing)
A gente tem mesmo que dirigir cem milhas até o próximo posto de gasolina? (Enfático)

173
Cardinal Numbers
Since cardinal numbers are used to specify quantities, it is very common to use them when we talk about
prices and values. For example:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Prices and Values
I bought an airline ticket from New York to Sydney for twelve hundred dollars (U$ 1,200).
Eu comprei uma passagem de Nova York a Sydney por mil e duzentos dólares.
We went to a store where everything was three dollars ninety-nine cents (U$ 3.99).
Fomos a uma loja em que tudo custava três dólares e noventa e nove centavos.
We will also use cardinal numbers to talk about years and decades.
When we talk about years, there are some variations in the spoken language. Years are usually pronounced
in two blocks. For instance, 1776 is pronounced as seventeen (17) seventy-six (76).
But years can also be pronounced as one block, especially the years after the year two thousand, 2000.
For instance, the year 2016 is commonly pronounced as two thousand sixteen, but you may hear people
saying twenty (20) sixteen (16).
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Years
Cabral arrived in Brazil in 1500 (fifteen hundred).

Cabral chegou ao Brasil em 1500.
The United States declaration of independence was in July 1776 (seventeen seventy-six).
A declaração de independência dos Estados Unidos foi em julho de 1776.
The Summer Olympic Games in Rio were in 2016 (two thousand sixteen / twenty sixteen).
Os Jogos Olímpicos de verão no Rio foram em 2016.
In 2018 (two thousand eighteen / twenty eighteen), the World Cup was in Russia.
Em 2018, a Copa do Mundo foi na Rússia.

174
Cardinal Numbers
When we want to refer to a whole decade in the written language,
we will normally use the decade followed by S preceded or not by an
apostrophe. Check it out:
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Decades
My mother met my father in the 70’s (seventies).

Minha mãe conheceu meu pai nos anos 70.
I was born in the 80s (eighties).

Eu nasci nos anos 80.
And now you know how to read and use cardinal numbers.

175
Grammar
GuideComparatives
In English, one of the ways we can compare things is using the comparative
form of adjectives and adverbs. We can use them to compare two things, ideas,
or people, and to determine if one has more or less of a particular quality than the
other.
Adjectives qualify nouns. Adverbs qualify verbs. But they can have the same
form. That is what happens with fast, for example. It can be either an adjective or
an adverb—but regardless of its function, there will be a comparative form.
ORDINAL NUMBERS
Order of things or events
This car is faster than that one.

Esse carro é mais rápido do que aquele.
(The adjective faster refers to the noun car.)
Can you drive faster?

Você pode dirigir mais rápido?
(The adverb faster refers to the verb drive.)
There are basically two structures to use the comparative form of adjectives and
adverbs. One is when we have a short adverb or adjective. In these cases, we’ll
add -ER at the end of the adjective or adverb.
When we mention the two elements, we also use than right after the
comparative form.
COMPARATIVE ADJE CTIVES AND ADVERBS

Short Adjective or Adverb
Adjective/Adverb + -ER + Than (if necessary)
Julie looks younger now.

A Julie parece mais nova agora.
Julie is younger than her brother.

A Julie é mais nova do que seu irmão.

176
Comparatives
The other structure is for long adverbs or adjectives. In that case, we’ll use more
before it. The rule for using the word than is the same. If we mention the element
of comparison, we’ll use it.
COMPARATIVE ADJE CTIVES AND ADVERBS

Long Adjective or Adverb
More + Long Adjective/Adverb + Than (if necessary)
The airfares are more expensive today.

As tarifas aéreas estão mais caras hoje.
The airfares are more expensive than last week.

As tarifas aéreas estão mais caras do que na semana passada.
Short adjectives are the ones that have one syllable, and they have some spelling rules that
must be observed. In most cases, we simply add -ER.
COMPARATIVES – ONE-SYLL ABLE ADJE CTIVES AND ADVERBS

Most cases: Add -ER
Adjective/Adverb Comparative Adjective/Adverb
young younger
jovem mais jovem
strong stronger
forte mais forte
high higher
alto mais alto

177
Comparatives
However, for the short adjectives or adverbs ending in E, we just need to add -R.
COMPARATIVES
One-syllable Adjectives and Adverbs – Special Cases
Ending in E: Add -R
Terminação em E: Adicionar -R
nice nicer
legal mais legal
wise wiser
sábio mais sábio
Regarding the short adjectives and adverbs ending in Y,

we will drop the Y and add -IER.
COMPARATIVES
Ending in Y: Replace Y for -IER

Terminação em Y: Trocar o Y por -IER
dry drier
seco mais seco
shy shier
tímido mais tímido

178
Comparatives
Some short adjectives and adverbs are known as CVC because they are
composed of or end in consonant, vowel, consonant. It’s the case of hot
and big. For these, we double the last consonant and add -ER.
COMPARATIVES
Ending in CVC: Double the last consonant and add -ER

Terminação em CVC: Dobrar a última consoante e adicionar -ER
hot hotter
quente mais quente
big bigger
grande maior
The comparative of most two-syllable adjectives and adverbs will be formed by

using the word more before them.
But there are some exceptions. If the two-syllable adjectives or adverbs end in
Y, we drop the Y and add –IER, and when they finish in E or OW, we’ll add -ER.
COMPARATIVES
Two-syllable Adjectives and Adverbs – Special Cases
Ending in Y: Replace Y for -IER Ending in E or OW: Add -ER

Terminação em Y: Trocar Y por -IER Terminação em E ou OW: Adicionar -ER
easy easier polite politer

fácil mais fácil educado mais educado
busy busier simple simpler

ocupado mais ocupado simples mais simples
happy happier narrow narrower

feliz mais feliz estreito mais estreito
shallow shallower
raso mais raso

179
Comparatives
For long adjectives and adverbs, which is the general case of those with two or three
or more syllables, we’ll just use the word more before them.
COMPARATIVES
Long Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjective Colorful Adverb Carefully

This painting is more colorful than that one. You drive more carefully than Mark.
Esse quadro é mais colorido do que aquele. Você dirige mais cuidadosamente do que o Mark
There are also some irregular comparative forms that do not fit the rules.
COMPARATIVES
Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs
Ending in CVC: Double the last consonant and add -ER

Terminação em CVC: Dobrar a última consoante e adicionar -ER

Good/Well Better
Bad/Badly Worse
Far Farther/Further
Little Less
Now, when we want to say that two COMPARATIVES

elements are equal, the structure is Equality
as + adjective/adverb + as. In such
case, we’ll always use the adjective or
adverb in their base form. Structure: as + adjective/adverb + as
This restaurant is as good as the one we went to yesterday.

Este restaurante é tão bom quanto o que fomos ontem.
Mary dances as gracefully as Jane.

Mary dança tão graciosamente quanto Jane.
And now you know how to make comparisons in English using adjectives and adverbs.

180
Grammar
GuideInterrogative Form
Interrogative sentences in English follow some basic structures.
In a sentence with the verb to be as the main verb in the simple present or the
simple past, there is no need to use an auxiliary verb. Therefore, the sentence
will have the following structure: the verb to be as the main verb, the subject,
and the complement.
Sentences that have one auxiliary or modal verb are made by placing the
auxiliary right before the subject, and then the main verb, which may be
followed by a complement.
In the case of verb forms that have more than one auxiliary, the structure is the
first auxiliary verb, the subject, and then the second or third auxiliary verbs,
followed by the main the verb and a complement, if necessary.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Structures
Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (Simple Present and Simple Past)

Verbo To Be + Sujeito + Complemento (Simple Present and Simple Past)
Auxiliary or Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement (if necessary)

Verbo Auxiliar ou Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento (se necessário)
First Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Other Auxiliaries + Main Verb +

Complement (if necessary)
Primeiro Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Outros Auxiliares + Verbo Principal +
Complemento (se necessário)

181
Interrogative Form
Check out some examples with these structures. In verb forms such as the simple present and
the simple past, in which the verb to be is the main verb, we don’t need an auxiliary to ask a
question.
Verb forms with the verb to be as the main verb (simple present and simple past)
Structure: Verb To Be + Subject + Complement
Is she a lawyer?
Ela é advogada?
Were you home last night?

Você estava em casa na noite passada?
However, in the case of verb forms in which the main verb is not
the verb to be, one auxiliary verb or a modal verb is required.
Verb forms with other verbs as the main verb
Structure: Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement (if necessary)
Does she work as a lawyer? ( main verb: work)

Ela trabalha como advogada?
(The verb to do works as an auxiliary, and the sentence is in the simple present)
Did you do your homework? ( main verb: do)

Você fez sua lição de casa?
(The verb to do works as an auxiliary, and the sentence is in the simple past)
Can you help me? ( main verb: help)

Você pode me ajudar?
(The modal verb can works as an auxiliary, and the sentence is in the simple present)
Are you studying for the test? ( main verb: study in the -ING form)
Você está estudando para a prova?
(The verb to be works as an auxiliary, and the sentence is in the present continuous)

182
Interrogative Form
Depending on the verb form, there may be more than one auxiliary verb before the main verb, which is
the case of the present perfect continuous.
Verbs forms with more than one auxiliary verb
Structure: First Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Other Auxiliaries +

Main Verb + Complement (if necessary)
Have you been studying for the test? ( main verb: study in the -ING form)
Você tem estudado para a prova?
(The verb to have works as the first auxiliary, and the verb to be in the past participle, as the second)
Have you been waiting for a long time? ( main verb: wait in the -ING form)
Você está esperando há muito tempo?
(The verb to have works as the first auxiliary, and the verb to be in the past participle, as the second)
Notice that in English when someone asks a question using auxiliaries, we can give a long or a short
answer, and to give a short answer we need to use the auxiliary verb.
Long and short answers
Question Full Answer Short Answer Wrong Answer
Do you like chocolate? Yes, I like chocolate. Yes, I do. Yes, I like.
Você gosta de chocolate? Sim, eu gosto de chocolate. Sim, eu gosto.
And this is how we use the interrogative form in English.

Now, you know its basic sentence structure.

183
Grammar
GuideModal Verb Can
Modal verbs function as auxiliary verbs, adding meaning to the main verb.
Modal verbs express possibility, probability, ability, permission, assumption,
obligation, or prohibition.
Modal verbs have the same sentence structure. In the affirmative, the structure
is the subject, the modal verb followed by the main verb in the base form, and
it can be followed by a complement or not.
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative Form
I can drive.
Eu posso dirigir.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + main verb: drive)
I can play the piano.

Eu posso tocar piano.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + main verb: play + complement: the piano)
In negative sentences, we keep the same pattern, but include NOT after the
modal verb. We generally use the contracted form can’t.
MODAL VERBS
Negative Form
I can’t drive.
Eu não posso dirigir.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + not (can’t) + main verb: drive)
I can’t play the piano.

Eu não posso tocar piano.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + not (can’t) + main verb: play +
complement: the piano)

184
Modal Verb Can
In interrogative sentences, we invert the position of the modal verb and the subject.
The structure is the modal verb, the subject, the main verb in the base form, and a
complement, when necessary.
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative Form
Can you drive?

Você pode dirigir?
( modal verb: can + subject: you + main verb: drive)
Can you play the piano?

Você pode tocar piano?
( modal verb: can + subject: you + main verb: play + complement: the piano)
The modal verb can in its affirmative form typically expresses possibility, present ability,
and permission. In the negative form, it expresses lack of possibility, lack of ability, and lack
of permission.
MODAL VERBS
Uses
Affirmative Negative
Possibility Lack of Possibility

I can meet you later. I can’t meet you later.
Eu posso te encontrar mais tarde. Eu não posso te encontrar mais tarde.
Present Ability Lack of Ability

I can dance very well. I can’t dance very well.
Eu posso/sei dançar muito bem. Eu não posso/sei dançar muito bem.
Permission Lack of Permission

You can come in. You can’t come in.
Você pode entrar. Você não pode entrar.

185
Modal Verb Can
As for the interrogative form, the modal verb can is typically used to
make requests. It’s used to ask for favors and for permission, or to
ask about the possibility of something happening.
MODAL VERB CAN

Uses
Interrogative
Asking a Favor
Can you help me?
Eu não posso te encontrar mais tarde.
Asking for Permission

Can I come in?
Eu não posso/sei dançar muito bem.
Asking about Possiblity

Can we meet after work?
Você não pode entrar.
It’s important to acknowledge that these uses are usually easily noticed within the context, since the same
sentence in different contexts may have different meanings.
MODAL VERB CAN

Contexts
You can speak English. You have the ability to speak English.
Você pode/sabe falar inglês. Você tem habilidade para falar inglês.
It’s possible for you to speak English in a certain situation.

É possível que você fale inglês em determinada situação.
You have permission to speak English in a certain situation.

Você tem permissão para falar inglês em determinada situação.
And this is how you use the modal verb can.

186
Grammar
GuideModal Verb Could
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add
meaning to the main verb. Modal verbs can express possibility, probability,
ability, permission, assumption, obligation, or prohibition.
Modal verbs follow the same sentence structure. Let’s look at structures
in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.
In the affirmative, the structure is the subject, the modal verb, and the main
verb in the base form, which may be followed by a complement or not.
Take a look at the table.
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
We could go to the gym.

Nós poderíamos ir à academia.
In negative sentences, we’ll include the word not after the modal verb.
When we use the negative form, we generally use the contracted form couldn’t.
MODAL VERBS
Negative
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
We couldn’t go to the gym.

Nós não pudemos ir à academia.

187
Modal Verb Could
To make interrogative sentences, the modal verb is placed before the subject.
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
Could we go to the gym together?

Nós poderíamos ir à academia juntos?
It’s important to notice that modal verbs in general should be associated with their functions in the context,
and not with time ( past, present or future). This is particularly important when analyzing the modal verb
could, since the time reference may change drastically according to its function in the context.
The modal verb could in its affirmative and negative forms can be used to express probability or lack of
probability, either of a present or a future event. It can also refer to abilities, but in such case, could refers to
past abilities.
MODAL VERB COULD

Probability / Lack of Probability (in the Present)
Mary is not home right now. She’s usually at her parents’ in the morning. She could be there.
Mary não está em casa agora. Ela geralmente está na casa de seus pais de manhã. Ela pode estar lá.
(She could be there = It’s possible that she is there)
Mary’s parents are out of town. She couldn’t be there.

Os pais da Mary estão fora da cidade. Ela não poderia estar lá.
(She couldn’t be there = It’s not possible for her to be there)
We can also use the modal verb could to talk about probability in the future, that is, the chances for
something to happen.
MODAL VERB COULD

Probability / Lack of Probability (in the Future)
Sylvia is an excellent professional. I think she could be the new manager.

A Sylvia é uma profissional excelente. Eu acho que ela poderia ser a nova gerente.
(She could be the new manager = It’s likely to happen)
Brian is just as good. But he couldn’t be the new manager; he has no management skills.
Brian é tão bom quanto ela. Mas ele não poderia ser o novo gerente; ele não tem habilidades gerenciais.
(He couldn’t be the new manager = It’s not likely to happen)

188
Modal Verb Could
However, when we use the modal verb could to refer to ability, we are referring to abilities
people had in the past, and that they probably don’t have anymore, or, in the case of negative
sentences, abilities people didn’t have in the past.
MODAL VERB COULD

Ability / Lack of Ability (in the Past)
Kevin won a lot of football tournaments back in our school days. Boy, he could run!
Kevin ganhou muitos torneios de futebol americano na época de escola. Cara, como ele
sabia/podia correr!
George was a good player, but he couldn’t run long distances.

George era um bom jogador, mas ele não sabia/podia correr distâncias longas.
The modal verb could in the interrogative form is used to ask about possibilities
or abilities in the past.
MODAL VERB COULD
Could you meet me at the coffee shop tomorrow?

Você poderia me encontrar no café amanhã?
(Asking about possibilities for the future)
Could you speak English by the time you lived abroad?

Você podia/sabia falar inglês quando morou fora?
(Asking about past ability in the past)
In the interrogative, the modal verb could is also very frequently used to make
requests in a polite way, either asking for a favor or for permission.
MODAL VERB COULD

Making Requests
Could you lend me your car?

Você poderia me emprestar o seu carro?
Could I borrow your car?

Eu poderia pegar o seu carro emprestado?
And now you know how to use the modal verb could.

189
Grammar
GuideModal Verb May
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning
to the main verb. Modal verbs can express possibility, probability, ability,
permission, assumption, obligation, or prohibition.
The sentence structure of modal verbs follows the same pattern:
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Negative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Not + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)

190
Modal Verb May
The modal verb may can be used to express probability.
In such cases, we are saying that something is likely to happen, that there’s a
chance that something will happen. For example:
MODAL VERB MAY

Expressing Probability
It may rain.
Pode chover. / Pode ser que chova.
(There is a reasonable chance that it will rain).
I may go to the party.

Eu posso ir à festa. / Pode ser que eu vá à festa.
(There is a reasonable chance that I will go to the party).
She may be at home.

Ela pode estar em casa. / Pode ser que ela esteja em casa.
(There is a reasonable chance that she will be home).
The modal verb may can also be used to say that there
is a chance that something does not happen.
In this case, we use it in the negative form. Take a look:
MODAL VERB MAY

Expressing Unlikely Things
I may not be the best student in class, but I’m very dedicated.
Eu posso não ser o melhor aluno da turma, mas eu sou muito dedicado.
Be careful with the pieces of news you read on social media. They may not be true.
Tenha cuidado com notícias que você lê nas redes sociais. Elas podem não ser verdadeiras.
Researchers may not be able to find the cure to some diseases,

but they’ve been doing their best.
Pesquisadores podem (até) não ser capazes de achar a cura para algumas doenças,
mas eles têm dado o melhor de si.

191
Modal Verb May
It is rare to see may in the interrogative form to give the idea of probability.
The interrogative form is used as a formal way to ask for permission. In such
cases, may is used in questions in the first person, either singular or plural.
MODAL VERB MAY

Asking for Permission
Excuse me, Ms. Sullivan. May I come in?

Com licença, senhora Sullivan. Eu posso entrar?
(May I come in? = First person singular – I).
May we talk to you for a minute, sir?

Nós podemos falar com senhor por um minuto?
(May we talk…? = First person plural – We).
When we ask for permission, the interrogative form can only be used in the first person.
However, when we answer these permission requests, that is, when we give permission or not, we will use
the affirmative or the negative forms in the second person. Have a look:
MODAL VERB MAY

Giving Permission (or not)
Asking for permission: Excuse me, Ms. Sullivan. May I come in?
Com licença, senhora Sullivan. Eu posso entrar?
Giving permission, or not: Yes, you may come in. / No, you may not come in.
Sim, você pode entrar. / Não, você não pode entrar.
Asking for permission: May we talk to you for a minute, sir?

Nós podemos falar com o senhor por um minuto?
Giving permission, or not: Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
Sim, vocês podem. / Não, vocês não podem.
And now you know how to use the modal verb may.

192
Grammar
GuideModal Verb Must
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning to the main verb.
Modal verbs will follow the same sentence structure in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative
forms, as you can see in the following table.
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form
Must is used in the affirmative form to express obligation or necessity.

For example:
MODAL VERB MUST

Obligation/Necessity
You must pay your taxes.

Você tem que pagar seus impostos.
You must be 18 to drive in some countries.

Você tem que ter 18 anos para dirigir em alguns países.

193
Modal Verb Must
It can also be used to make assumptions or deductions in the affirmative form. Have a look:
MODAL VERB MUST

Assumption/Deduction
John’s son was born. He must be very happy. It must be nice to be rich.
O filho do John nasceu. Ele deve estar muito feliz. Deve ser legal ser rico.
In the negative form, however, must is used to express prohibition. We generally

use the contracted form, mustn’t. If you wish to emphasize the prohibition, use
must not. For example:
MODAL VERB MUST

Prohibition
You must not ( mustn’t) drink and drive.

Você não pode beber e dirigir.
Visitors must not ( mustn’t) cross this line. This is a restricted area.
Os visitantes não podem cruzar esta linha. Esta é uma área restrita.
Must is rarely used in the interrogative form, but it can be used to confirm or to
double-check duties and obligations. For instance:
MODAL VERB MUST

Confirm and Double-check Duties and Obligation
Must I take the exam today? I didn’t know that.

Eu tenho que fazer a prova hoje? Eu não sabia disso.
Eu sou obrigado a fazer a prova hoje? Eu não sabia disso.
Mustn’t you be at the job interview at 9h? It’s 8:30h already.

Você não tem que estar na entrevista de emprego às 9h? Já são 8:30h.
Você não tem a obrigação de estar na entrevista às 9h? Já são 8:30h.
And this is how you use the modal verb must.

194
Grammar
GuideModal Verb Would
Modal Verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning to the main
verb. They express possibility, probability, ability, permission, assumption, obligation, or
prohibition.
The structure of the modal verbs follows the same pattern. Check the following table.
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form
In some cases, the modal verb would is used as a softer and less definitive form of the modal will,
or as the past of will when we are reporting sentences.
Expressing hypothesis is one of the most common uses of the modal verb would. And since it is
used to express hypothetical situations, you’ll see that it is used in many conditional sentences.
In such cases, we’ll use a clause with would to refer to unreal or uncertain situations together with
an if-clause.

195
Modal Verb Would
MODAL VERB WOULD

Hypothesis
If I had a lot of money, I would travel the world.

Se eu tivesse muito dinheiro, viajaria pelo mundo.
(I don’t have a lot of money. So, traveling the world is just a hypothetical situation.)
Would you invite your boss for your birthday?

Você convidaria o seu chefe para o seu aniversário?
(The question is asked out of curiosity. It’s a hypothetical situation.)
If I were you, I wouldn’t go the Caribbean now. It’s hurricane season.

Se eu fosse você, eu não iria para o Caribe agora. É temporada de furacão.
(It’s a hypothetical situation because I am not you, and I am not going to the Caribbean.)
We can also use would to make polite requests. If we observe it carefully, we’ll see that it’s still
a request made from a hypothetical perspective, but now you are actually asking something
from someone.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Polite Requests and Offers
Polite Requests Polite Offers
Would you help me with my project? Would you like some coffee?
Você me ajudaria com o meu projeto? Você aceitaria um café?
Would you go to the grocery store for me? Would you like me to drive you home?
Você iria ao supermercado para mim? Você gostaria que eu te levasse para casa?

196
Modal Verb Would
Would is also used to talk about a past habit or to express refusal in the past.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Talk about a past habit or express refusal in the past
I asked her what was going on, but she wouldn’t tell me.
Perguntei o que estava acontecendo, mas ela não quis me dizer.
(I asked her in the past and she refused to tell me.)
When I was younger, I would argue with my brother all the time.
Quando eu era mais novo, eu discutia com meu irmão o tempo todo.
(It was a typical behavior in the past.)
We can use would in expressions too. Would rather is used to say we prefer
one thing to another. Most of the times, we use the contracted form, which is
“I’d rather.”
MODAL VERB WOULD

Expressions – Would Rather
I’d rather stay home tonight. I’m tired.

Eu prefiro ficar em casa hoje à noite. Estou cansado(a).
Another commonly used expression with would is “would mind.” We use it to ask for favors or permission.
But the structure is a bit different. Check it out in the following box.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Expressions – Would Mind
Asking for a favor Asking for permission
Would you mind opening the window? Would you mind if I opened the window?
Você se importaria de abrir a janela? Você se importaria se eu abrisse a janela?
(Would you mind + verb in the -ING form) (Would you mind if + subject + verb in the past)
And this is how you use the modal verb would.

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Grammar
GuideOrdinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers are used to show the order of things or the position of
something in a list of items.
The most common ones are first, second, and third, especially when referring
to competitions in which the first place is the champion and then there are the
second and third places.
We will use the end of the word to write the abbreviations of ordinal numbers.
Therefore, we will use st after the number 1 to refer to first, nd after the number
2 to refer to second, and rd after the number 3 to refer to third.
This is how we abbreviate ordinal numbers. Take a look at the box.
ORDINAL NUMBERS
FIRST = 1st
SECOND = 2nd
THIRD = 3rd
Other ordinal numbers that do not end in one, two, or three will be written with
a final th. For example: fourth, seventh, eleventh, and twentieth. So this is also
how we will write the numbers—followed by “th.”
Concerning ordinal numbers that end in a unit, only the unit is read as an
ordinal number. For example: we’ll say twenty-first (21st ), twenty-second
(22nd ), and so on. Check more examples in the following table.

198
Ordinal Numbers
ORDINAL NUMBERS
1st – first 10th – tenth 20th – twentieth

2nd – second 11th – eleventh 21st – twenty-first
3rd – third 12th – twelfth 22nd – twenty-second
4th – fourth 14th – fourteenth 40th – fortieth
5th – fifth 15th – fifteenth 50th – fiftieth
6th – sixth 16th – sixteenth 60th – sixtieth
7th – seventh 17th – seventeenth 70th – seventieth
8th – eighth 18th – eighteenth 80th – eightieth
9th – ninth 19th – nineteenth 90th – ninetieth
We use ordinal numbers to show the order of things or events.
ORDINAL NUMBERS
Order of things or events
One of the tallest rooftops in Europe is on the ninety-fifth floor of the Federation Tower in Moscow.
O terraço mais alto da Europa fica no nonagésimo quinto andar da Federation Tower, em Moscou.
I’ll spend my thirty-seventh birthday in Italy.

Eu vou passar o meu trigésimo sétimo aniversário na Itália.
The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896.
Os primeiros Jogos Olímpicos modernos foram realizados em Atenas, Grécia, em 1896.
In English, ordinal numbers are also used in dates. And in such case, we may or may not use the article
before the ordinal number in spoken language.
ORDINAL NUMBERS
Days of the Month
My birthday is on May 17th. New Year’s Eve is on December 31st.

(My birthday is on May seventeenth.) (New Year’s Eve is on December thirty-first.)
(My birthday is on May the seventeenth.) (New Year’s Eve is on December the thirty-first.)
O meu aniversário é dia 17 de maio. A véspera de Ano Novo é 31 de dezembro.

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Ordinal Numbers
When referring to days of the month, we can always use ordinal numbers. But
sometimes, especially in American English, cardinal numbers are also used to
refer to days of the month.
We’ll also use cardinal numbers whenever referring to years, but when referring
to centuries, that is, a period of 100 years, we’ll always use ordinal numbers.
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Centuries
The 18th century is also known as the Age of Enlightenment.

O século XVIII também é conhecido como a Era do Iluminismo.
The 21st century brings complex challenges to society.

O século XXI traz desafios complexos para a sociedade.
Ordinal numbers are also used to read titles of queens and kings. They will be spelled in Roman
numerals but read as ordinal numbers proceeded by the article the.
ORDINAL NUMBERS
Queens and Kings’ Titles
Henry VIII was the King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547.
(Henry the eighth was the King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547.)
Henrique VIII foi o rei da Inglaterra de 1509 até a sua morte em 1547.
Elizabeth II is the Queen of the United Kingdom.

(Elizabeth the second is the Queen of the United Kingdom).
Elizabeth II é a rainha do Reino Unido.
And this is how you use ordinal numbers.

200
Grammar
GuidePrepositions Of Time
Prepositions are used to indicate location, time, or to introduce an object.
They often have different functions and purposes.
Prepositions of time are used to convey a notion of time.
In, on, and at are prepositions commonly used to make reference to place
or time. In this grammar guide, we’ll cover the use of these prepositions when
referring to time, but if you want to learn more on how to use them to refer
to places, you can check the topic “Prepositions of place.”
Check out an example in context to understand when to use prepositions of time.
I have to be at the airport at 8 in the morning on Monday.

Eu tenho que estar no aeroporto às 8 da manhã na segunda-feira.
(At indicates the scheduled time, in, the period of the day,
and on, the day of the week.)
Now, we’ll go over each of these prepositions separately. We’ll start with the preposition IN referring to time.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME - IN
Months in July Years in 1776 Decades in the 80s

Meses em julho Anos em 1776 Décadas nos anos 80
Century in the 18th century Ages in the Middle Ages

Séculos no século XVIII Eras/Idade Na Idade Média
Parts of the day in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening

Partes do dia de manhã / à tarde / à noite

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Prepositions Of Time
The preposition ON is used to talk about days and dates. The

days can be the days of the week, holidays, dates, or specific days.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME - ON
Days of the week on Sunday

Dias da semana no domingo
Date on July 4, 1776

Datas em 4 de julho de 1776
Specific days on my birthday

Dias específicos no meu aniversário
We use AT for scheduled time, holidays, and before some parts of the day as well.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME - AT
Scheduled time at 9 a.m./9 o’clock / at 9:30 / at midday / at midnight

Hora marcada às 9h da manhã / às 9:30 / ao meio-dia / à meia-noite
Parts of the day at dawn / at dusk / at night

Partes do dia ao amanhecer / ao anoitecer / à noite
Holidays at Christmas / at Easter

Feriados no natal / na páscoa

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There are other prepositions used to indicate time.
Since is used to indicate a starting point in the past. During is used to talk about a
period of time. And for is used to refer to how long an action or a situation lasts.
Since, During, and For
It’s been raining nonstop since yesterday.

Está chovendo sem parar desde ontem.
(Since, as a preposition of time, emphasizes when the action
that is still happening started in the past.)
I’ll work as a trainee during the summer.

Vou trabalhar de estagiário(a) durante o verão.
(It can be either at one point in that period of time or through this whole period.)
I lived in New York for eight years.

Eu morei em Nova York por 8 anos.
(For is being used to refer to this 8-year period.)
Other common prepositions are before and after. Before means earlier in time,
and after means later than something.
Before and After
We need to be at Mark’s house before 7 p.m. because it’s a surprise party.

Precisamos estar na casa de Mark antes das 19h porque é uma festa surpresa.
(It has to be earlier than 7 p.m., not AT 7 or AFTER 7.)
We can meet after 5.

Podemos nos encontrar depois das 5h.
(I am available later, after 5 o’clock, not before.)

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Other two common prepositions of time are until and by. They are usually followed
by time expressions.
The use of these two prepositions might be confusing. Until focuses on a process
that happens up to a certain point in time, and by means before or not later than
a particular time, and it’s commonly used for deadlines. So, let’s compare some
sentences so we can understand them better.
Until and By
You can work on the report until Friday.

Você pode trabalhar no relatório até sexta.
(That means this is an action that will keep on happening until Friday.)
You have to send me the report by Friday.

Você tem que me mandar o relatório no máximo até sexta.
(It’s a deadline, and you can send it to me any day but not later than Friday.)
I’m going to read it on Friday.

Vou lê-lo na sexta.
(Here, it is the exact day.)
Now
Nowyou
youknow
knowwhat
whatprepositions
the present continuous
are and you’ve
is allseen
about:
someyou’ve
examples
seen its
on
structure,
howsome
to useexamples,
common and
prepositions
how to properly
of time. use it.

204
Grammar
GuidePresent Continuous
The present continuous is mainly used to talk about actions and events in
progress at the moment or about temporary states or situations that are true at
the moment of speaking.
The basic structure of the present continuous is the verb to be, which works as
an auxiliary, and a main verb in the -ING form. The verb to be will be conjugated
according to the subject. Take a look at its structure:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Structure
Affirmative
Subject + To Be + Verb in the -ING Form + Complement
I am watching a movie.
Eu estou assistindo a um filme.
Negative
Subject + To Be + Not + Verb in the -ING Form + Complement
I am not hearing you.

Eu não estou te ouvindo.
Interrogative
To Be + Subject + Verb in the -ING Form + Complement
Are you taking your pills?

Você está tomando os seus remédios?

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Present Continuous
The present continuous can also be used to describe
actions that are repeated or frequent, but that we
believe to be a temporary situation, different from our
routine.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Repeated Temporary Actions and Events
I am working a lot this week.

Estou trabalhando muito nesta semana.
We can use the present continuous to talk about

changes that take time.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Gradual Change
It’s getting easier every day.

Está ficando mais fácil a cada dia.
The present continuous is also used to talk about future

events that have been previously arranged or planned.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Future
I am getting married next week.

Vou me casar na próxima semana.
Some verbs are not used in the continuous form,

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
even if they refer to temporary situations or things
Non-progressive Verbs
that are happening now. They are called non-
progressive verbs, and they express feelings, like
the verbs to love and to hate; mental states and I like this book.
opinions, like the verbs to believe, to guess, and to NOT: I am liking this book.
agree; and senses, like the verbs to see and to hear. Eu gosto desse livro.

206
Present Continuous
Some of these non-progressive verbs can be used with continuous forms,
but they will have different meanings.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Non-progressive Verbs in Continuous Forms: Different Meaning
I see someone at the door.

Eu estou vendo alguém na porta.
I am seeing someone.
Eu estou saindo com alguém.
I have two pieces of luggage.

Eu tenho duas malas.
I am having breakfast at the hotel restaurant.

Eu estou tomando café da manhã no restaurante do hotel.
Now you know what the present continuous is all about: you’ve seen its
structure, some examples, and how to properly use it.

207
Grammar
Guide
Question Word - How
Common question words include what, when, where, which, why, who,
and how. On this grammar guide, we’ll focus on the question word how.
The question word how means “in what way” or “to what extent” and, as all the
other question words, it can be used in direct and indirect questions.
QUESTION WORD – HOW

Direct and Indirect Questions
How are you feeling?

Como você está se sentindo?
(Direct Question: How + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
Can you tell me how you are feeling?

Você pode me dizer como está se sentindo?
(Indirect Question: How + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
The structure for direct questions is the question word followed by the
interrogative form, and it can be used with different verb forms.
In the simple present, we can use how with the verb to be or with other verbs.
The difference is that when the verb to be is the main verb, we do not use an
auxiliary verb. For all the other verbs, an auxiliary must be used to create the
questions.
Check out some examples:

Simple Present
Structure: How + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
How are the kids?

Como estão as crianças?
( main verb is the verb to be = do not use an auxiliary verb)

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Question Word - How
Structure: How + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form
+ Complement (if necessary)
How do you go to work?

Como você vai para o trabalho?
( main verb is not the verb to be = the auxiliary verb do must be used)
How can also be used in the simple past, and the structure will follow the same
pattern of the simple present. The difference is that the verb to be or the auxiliary
verb will be conjugated in the past.

Simple Past
Structure: How + Verb to Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
How was the game?

Como foi o jogo?
( main verb is the verb to be = do not use an auxiliary verb)
Structure: How + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +
How did you go to the game?

Como você foi para o jogo?
( main verb is not the verb to be = the auxiliary verb did must be used)
The question word how can also be used with continuous forms such as the
present and the past continuous. In this case, we’ll use how followed by the
interrogative form of these structures.
For the interrogative form of the present and past continuous, the verb to be
works as an auxiliary verb, followed by the subject, the main verb in the -ING
form, and a complement, if necessary.

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Question Word - How
Present and Past Continuous
Structure: How + Verb to Be + Subject + Main Verb in the -ING Form +

How are you organizing your tasks?

Como você está organizando as suas tarefas?
(I am asking about an action that is in progress now)
How were you feeling when you started therapy?

Como você estava se sentindo quando iniciou a terapia?
(I asked about a feeling that was going on before the person decided to start therapy)
It is also possible to use how with perfect forms such as the present perfect and
the present perfect continuous.

Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
Structure: How + Verb To Have + Subject +

Main Verb in the Past Participle + Complement (if necessary)
How have you been?

Como você tem estado?
(I want to know how this person has been lately or since I last saw him or her)
Structure: How + Verb To Have + Subject + Been +

Main Verb in the –ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
How have you been dealing with this situation?

Como você tem lidado com essa situação?
(It’s an ongoing situation that started in the past and is still going on)

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Question Word - How
We also use how with modal
verbs. In this case, they come right
Modal Verbs
after the question word.
Structure: How + Modal Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
How should we help her?

Como devemos ajudá-la?
(Should works as an auxiliary, and it was used to ask for
guidance or recommendation)
How can we go to the party?

Como podemos ir para a festa?
(Can works as an auxiliary, and it shows the idea of possibility)
If you want to ask more specific questions using how, you can use an
adjective or an adverb after it. Check out the examples.

Other Possibilities
How old is your brother? How often do you go to the gym?

Quantos anos seu irmão tem? Com que frequência você vai à academia?
(How + Old = Age) (How + Often = Frequency)
How much is this T-shirt? How many people were there at the concert?
Quanto custa esta camiseta? Quantas pessoas havia no show?
(How + Much = Amount or Price) (How + Many = Quantity)
How far is San Diego from Los Angeles?

Quão distante é San Diego de Los Angeles? / Qual é a distância de San Diego a Los Angeles?
(How + Far = Distance)
How long does it take to get there? How tall is your brother?
Qual tempo demora para chegar lá? Qual é a altura do seu irmão?
(How + Long = Duration) (How + Tall = Height for People)
How high is Mount Everest?

Quão alto é o Monte Everest? / Qual é a altura do Monte Everest?
(How + High = Height for Places)

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Question Word - How
How can also be used with prepositions such as “about.” There are
two ways we can use it—to offer something or to make a suggestion.
HOW ABOUT
Offers and Suggestions
How about a cup of coffee?

Que tal uma xícara de café?
(How + About + Noun = Offer)
How about going to the movies?

Que tal irmos ao cinema?
(How + About + Verb in the –ING Form = Suggestion)
In spoken English, there is a very common expression with how—how come. It is

used to ask about the reason why something has happened. We could say that how
come is an informal way to ask “why.”
How come can also be used to show surprise. There is an important detail in the
structure of the question, though: how come is always followed by the affirmative
form, regardless of the verb form.
HOW ABOUT
Reason and Surprise (Informal)
How come she went to the party alone?

Como assim ela foi à festa sozinha?
(How Come + Structure of the Affirmative Form in the Simple Past)
How come she is not here?

Como é que ela não está aqui?
Como pode ela não estar aqui?
(How Come + Affirmative Form of the Simple Present)

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Question Word - How
We can also use how in exclamations. It can either be followed by a complete
sentence or by an adjective. It’s important to notice, though, that what can also
be used in exclamations.
The difference is that when there is either a complete sentence or only an
adjective, you’ll use how. However, in the case of the structure adjective + noun
or just a noun, you’ll have to use what.
Compare the difference:
HOW AND WHAT

Exclamation
How + Complete Sentence
How I love this city!

Como eu amo essa cidade!
(How + Subject “I” + Main Verb “love” + Complement “this city”)
How + Adjective
How beautiful!
Que bonito!
(How + Adjective “beautiful”)
What + (Article) + Adjective + Noun
What a beautiful city!

Que cidade bonita!
(What + Article “a” + Adjective “beautiful” + Noun “city”)
And now you know different ways to use the question word how, it’s meaning, structures in
different verb forms, as well as how to use it in exclamations.

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Grammar
GuideWhat
Question Word -
Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. On this grammar
guide, we’ll focus on the question word what, which is used to ask general
questions.
In most cases, the structure of direct and indirect questions follows this pattern:
QUESTION WORD – WHAT

What is your favorite color?

Qual é a sua cor favorita?
(Direct Question: Question Word + Interrogative Form)
Tell me what your favorite color is.

Diga-me qual é a sua cor favorita.
(Indirect Question: Question Word + Affirmative Form)
But when we ask direct questions with the question word what, there are three
possible structures.

Structure – Direct Questions
1. What + Interrogative Form
2. What + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement
3. What + Noun + Interrogative Form

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Question Word - What
Let’s analyze each structure, starting with the first one, which is the question
word what followed by an interrogative form. This structure can be used with
any verb form.

What + Interrogative Form
What does she want for breakfast?

O que ela quer de café da manhã?
(Simple Present: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in its Base Form+ Complement)
What did you do yesterday?

O que você fez ontem?
(Simple Past: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in its Base Form + Complement)
What were you doing last week?

O que você estava fazendo semana passada?
(Past Continuous: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in the –ING Form + Complement)
What have you been doing lately?

O que você tem feito ultimamente?
(Present Perfect: Question Word + 1st Auxiliary + Subject + 2nd Auxiliary +

Main verb in the –ING Form + Complement)
What would you do with a million dollars?

O que você faria com um milhão de dólares?
(Simple Present: Question Word + Modal Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in its Base Form + Complement)

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It is important to notice that the structure what + interrogative form will never be used for
questions about the subject of the sentence. When we follow this structure, it means that the
subject is included in the given question.
Let’s take a closer look:

What + Interrogative Form
What does she want for breakfast?

O que ela quer de café da manhã?
She wants eggs and toast.

Ela quer ovos e torradas.
(The question is not about who performs the action, but about what the person
wants. The subject “she” is part of the question. The core answer is “eggs and toast.”)
(Não tem relação com o sujeito, mas com o que o sujeito quer fazer.
O sujeito “ela” é parte da pergunta. A resposta central é “ovos e torradas”.)
What were you doing last week?

O que você estava fazendo semana passada?
I was traveling.
Eu estava viajando.
(It’s not about who was performing the action, but what the person was doing.
The subject “you,” which is part of the question, becomes “I” in the answer.
And the core answer is “traveling.”)
(Não tem relação com quem estava fazendo a ação, mas com o que a pessoa estava
fazendo. O sujeito “você”, que é parte da pergunta, vira “eu” na resposta.
A resposta central é “viajando”.)

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But it is possible to ask questions with the question word what to learn about the subject of a sentence.
In such cases, we will use the structure: What + Verb in The Third Person Singular + Complement.
Check the following examples:

What + Verb in Third Person Singular + (Complement)
What makes you happy? Spending time with my family makes me happy.
O que deixa você feliz? Passar tempo com a minha família me deixa feliz.
(The core answer is “spending time with my family,” which is the subject of the answer and is not
part of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “makes.”)
(A resposta central é “passar tempo com a minha família”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz parte da
pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “makes”, deixa.)
There are so many people here. What’s happening?

Tem tanta gente aqui. O que está acontecendo?
A music festival (is happening here).

Um festival de música (está acontecendo aqui).
(The core answer is “a music festival,” which is the subject of the answer and is not part
of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “is.”)
(A resposta central é “um festival de música”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz parte
da pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “is”, está.)
What’s bothering them?

O que está incomodando eles?
Not having money to pay their bills (is bothering them).

Não ter dinheiro para pagar as suas contas (está incomodando eles).
(The core answer is “not having money to pay their bills,” which is the subject of the answer and is
not part of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “is.”)
(A resposta central é “não ter dinheiro para pagar suas contas”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz
parte da pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “is”, está.)

217
Let’s take a closer look and analyze the structure of the examples
we have previously seen.
(1) (2) (3)

What + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement (if necessary)
(1) (2) (3)

What makes you happy?
(1) (2)
What’s happening?
(1) (2) (3)

What’s bothering them?
If you want to ask a more specific question using what, place a noun right after
the question word.

What + Noun + Interrogative Form
What time do you usually wake up?

A que horas você geralmente acorda?
(What + time = used to ask about the hour)
What kind of music do you like?

De que tipo de música você gosta?
(What + kind = used to ask about the specific type of a thing)
What size do you need?

De que tamanho você precisa?
(What + size = used to ask about size)

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There are still some special cases, such as what + about. It is used
to make an offer or to ask about your opinion or how you feel about
something.

Special Cases – What About
What about going to the movies?

Que tal irmos ao cinema?
Great idea.
Ótima ideia.
How are you?

Como vai você?
I’m fine, thanks. What about you?

Eu estou bem. E você?
In informal conversations, there are some common

expressions with the question word what.

Expressions
What’s up?
E aí?
What now?
O que agora?

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The question word what can also be used in exclamations to express surprise,
shock, or emotions. In this case, we use: what + an article + (an adjective) + a
noun. We may or may not include the adjective, but the noun must always be
there in exclamations with what.

Exclamations
Structure: What + Article + (Adjective) + Noun
What a (beautiful) place!

Que lugar (bonito)!
(What + Article “a” + (Adjective “beautiful”) + Noun “place”)
What a great song!

Que música ótima!
(What + Article “a” + Adjective “great” + Noun “song”)
What a ( nice) gesture!

Que gesto (legal)!
(What + Article “a” + (Adjective “nice”) + Noun “gesture)
What a song!
Que música!
(What + Article “a” + Noun “song”)
Now you know different ways in which you can use the question word what, the structure used
with different verb forms, as well as how to use it in exclamations and expressions.

220
Grammar
GuideWhen
Question Word -
Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. Common
question words include what, when, where, which, why, who, and how.
On this grammar guide, we’ll focus on the question word when, which is used
to ask or to explain at what occasion or moment something takes place.
QUESTION WORD - WHEN
When
Quando
Check out some examples of when used in direct and indirect questions:
QUESTION WORD – WHEN

When are you traveling?

Quando você viaja?
(Direct Question: When + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
Tell me when you are going to travel.

Me diga quando você vai viajar.
(Indirect Question: When + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
Could you tell me when you are going to travel?

Você poderia me dizer quando você vai viajar?
(Indirect Question: When + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
In general, the structure to make these interrogative sentences is the question

word when followed by the structure of the interrogative form, which can be
used with different verb forms.

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Question Word - When
In the simple forms, when the verb to be is the main verb of the sentence, there is no auxiliary.
For all the other verbs, you’ll need the auxiliary verb to make an interrogative sentence.

Simple Forms – Simple Present and Simple Past
Structure: When + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement
When are you free?

Quando você está livre?
(are = simple present)
When was she born?

Quando ela nasceu?
(was = simple past)
Structure: When + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +
When does she have English classes?

Quando ela tem aulas de inglês?
(does = auxiliary for the simple present)
When did you start college?

Quando você começou a faculdade?
(did = auxiliary for the simple past)
We can use when with continuous forms such as the present continuous to
indicate actions in the future.

Continuous Forms
Structure: When + Verb To Be + Subject + Main Verb in the –ING Form +

When are you moving to Italy?

Quando você se mudará para a Itália?

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Question Word - When
The same happens with perfect forms. It’s important to notice, though, that most
perfect forms do not refer to a specific point in time, so questions with perfect
forms are usually accompanied by an adverb of time. Check out the examples:

Perfect Forms
PRESENT PERFECT
Structure: When + Verb To Have + Subject +
Main Verb in the Past Participle + Complement (if necessary)
When has she ever helped her parents?

Quando na vida ela ajudou seus pais?
(Rhetorical question reinforced by the adverb “ever”)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Structure: When + Verb To Have + Subject + Been +
Main Verb in the -ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
Since when have you been studying?

Desde quando você está estudando?
(The adverb “since” is used to ask about a starting point)
It’s important to notice that if we want to ask about the specific

time when an activity or event starts or ends, the preferred
question is “what time” and not “when.”
QUESTION WORDS
Specific Time
What time did you leave work yesterday?

A que horas você saiu do trabalho ontem?
When did you leave work yesterday?

Quando você saiu do trabalho ontem?
And now you know what a question word is and how to use the question
word when with different verb forms.

223
Grammar
GuideOther Verbs
Simple Present -
The simple present was divided into two grammar guides, and we did that
because there is an important difference in structure.
In this grammar guide, we’ll talk about the simple present with verbs that are not
the verb to be, that is, all the other verbs.
When we use the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary verb to make interrogative
and negative sentences. But when we use other verbs, we need to use the
auxiliary verb. The auxiliary verb for the simple present is do or does, according to
the subject.
Check out the difference in the box.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be Other Verbs
Interrogative Is she a teacher? Does she work as a teacher?

Ela é professora? Ela trabalha como professora?
Negative She isn’t a teacher. She doesn’t work as a teacher.

Ela não é professora. Ela não trabalha como professora.
The basic structure for the affirmative form is the SVC structure, that is, subject,
main verb, and complement. And the verb conjugation works like this: we’ll use the
base form of the verb for all persons, except for the third person singular. In this
case, we’ll add –S, –ES, or –IES to the end of the verb, depending on how it’s spelled.

224
Simple Present - Other Verbs
If you want to learn more about the third person spelling rules, you can check the grammar
guide on this topic. However, most verbs will only take a final S in the third person singular,
as you can see in the following table.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Form
Singular Plural
I work here. We work here.

First person
Eu trabalho aqui. Nós trabalhamos aqui.
You work here. You work here.

Second person
Você trabalha aqui. Vocês trabalham aqui.
He works here.
Ele trabalha aqui.
She works here. They work here.

Third person
Ela trabalha aqui. Eles/Elas trabalham aqui.
It works for now.

Isso funciona por enquanto.
Notice that we do not use the auxiliary verb in the affirmative form. But it’s possible to use it to
add emphasis to a statement. In that case, the auxiliary verb is placed before the main verb.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Form: Adding Emphasis
Usage of the Auxiliary Do
I do have the right to speak my mind.

Eu tenho (sim) o direito de dar minha opinião.
(The verb “do” is used as an auxiliary. So it does not have a meaning, but a function).
(O verbo “do” é usado como auxiliar. Portanto, não tem um significado, mas uma função).

225
Thus, it is possible to use the auxiliary with the simple present in the affirmative form, but it’s also important
to notice that it adds emphasis to the sentence, which means that it is only going to happen in very specific
contexts.
As for the negative and interrogative forms, the auxiliary do is not optional, it’s necessary.
The basic structure for the negative form is the subject, the auxiliary verb do conjugated according to the
subject, the negative particle not, the main verb in its base form, and the complement, if necessary.
You should pay close attention to the third person singular. In both negative and interrogative forms, the
conjugation goes in the auxiliary verb, that is, we will use does, and, because of that, the main verb goes
back to its base form.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Negative Form
Singular Plural
I don’t work here. We don’t work here.

First person
Eu não trabalho aqui. Nós não trabalhamos aqui.
You don’t work here. You don’t work here.

Second person
Você não trabalha aqui. Vocês não trabalham aqui.
He doesn’t work here.

Ele não trabalha aqui.
She doesn’t work here. They don’t work here.

Third person
Ela não trabalha aqui. Eles/Elas não trabalham aqui.
It doesn’t work for now.

(Isso) não funciona por enquanto.
In informal language, the contracted

forms don’t (do + not) or doesn’t SIMPLE PRESENT
(does + not) are used in most cases. Negative Form: Adding Emphasis
In formal written language, we avoid
using contractions. Do Not Use the Contracted Form
On the other hand, in spoken
language, if we use the full form, You do not have the right to shout at people.
it probably means we want to add Você não tem o direito de gritar com as pessoas.
emphasis to a negative statement.

226
The basic interrogative form structure in the simple present is the auxiliary verb do conjugated according to
the subject, the subject, the main verb in its base form, and the complement, if necessary.
So the position of the auxiliary verb and the subject is inverted, and, once again, in the third person singular,
the main verb goes back to its base form, and the auxiliary verb is conjugated.
Check out the following table:
SIMPLE PRESENT
Interrogative Form
Singular Plural
Do I work here? Do we work here?

First person
Eu trabalho aqui? Nós trabalhamos aqui?
Do you work here? Do you work here?

Second person
Você trabalha aqui? Vocês trabalham aqui?
Does he work here?

Ele trabalha aqui?
Does she work here? Do they work here?

Third person
Ela trabalha aqui? Eles/Elas trabalham aqui?
Does it work for now?

Isso funciona por enquanto?
The simple present is used to talk SIMPLE PRESENT

about facts and to show repetitions, Other Verbs – Uses
habits, or generalizations.
I work at a law firm.

Eu trabalho em um escritório de advocacia.
She works a lot.

Ela trabalha muito.

227
It can also be used to present a series of events when we narrate
something or give instructions and directions.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Other Verbs – Uses
First you read the questions, then you have to mark the correct statement.
Primeiro você lê as perguntas, depois você tem que marcar a afirmação correta.
You go straight and turn right on the traffic light.

Você segue em frente e vira à direita no semáforo.
The simple present can convey the idea of immediacy and drama, and that’s why it’s commonly
used in stories or novels, in sports broadcasting, and in newspaper headlines, even when
reporting past events.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Other Verbs – Uses
She crosses the street toward him, looks back, and decides to let it go.
Ela atravessa a rua em direção a ele, olha para trás e decide deixar para lá.
He gets the ball, passes through the defense and shoots, but the goalkeeper saves it.
Ele pega a bola, passa pela defesa e chuta, mas o goleiro agarra.
Firefighters save many lives in Brooklyn.

Os bombeiros salvam muitas vidas no Brooklyn.

228
In English, some verbs cannot be used in continuous forms. These verbs are
called non-progressive verbs, and we use them in the simple present. This
group is divided into different subgroups of verbs.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Non-progressive Verbs
Mental process verbs
know, suppose, think, understand

saber, supor, achar, entender
Verbs that express feelings
admire, adore, hate, like, respect

admirar, adorar, detestar, gostar, respeitar
Verbs that describe senses
smell, taste, hear

sentir cheiro, sentir sabor, ouvir
Speech act verbs
promise, swear, agree, deny

prometer, jurar, concordar, negar
And now you know the structure and the most common uses of the simple present.

229
Grammar
GuideVerb To Be
Simple Present -
The simple present is used to talk about factual information or things
that happen regularly.
SIMPLE PRESENT
This wall is white.

Esta parede é branca.
(It’s a factual piece of information.)
I sleep for 8 or 9 hours a day.

Eu durmo de 8 a 9 horas por dia.
(It’s part of a routine, something I do every day.)
The simple present will be tackled in two different grammar guides.

In this one, we’ll focus on the simple present sentences in which the
main verb is the verb to be.
Check the following table to see the conjugation of the verb to be in
the simple present.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be
Singular Plural
First person I am We are
Second person You are You are
Third person He/She/It is They are

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Simple Present - Verb To Be
There is a different sentence structure for the interrogative, negative, and
affirmative forms. In affirmative sentences, we’ll frequently use the SVC
structure, that is, Subject, Verb, and Complement. To make a negative
statement, you’ll place the negative particle not after the verb. And to ask a
question, we invert the order and place the verb before the subject.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be
Affirmative
Subject + Verb To Be + Complement
I’m a writer.
Eu sou escritor.
Negative
Subject + Verb To Be + NOT + Complement
I am not a writer.
Eu não sou escritor.
Interrogative
Verb To Be + Subject + Complement
Are you a writer?

Você é escritor?
The simple present of the verb to be is commonly

SIMPLE PRESENT
used in its contracted form, also known as short
Verb To Be – Contracted Form
form. Contractions are considered informal, and they
are very common in everyday situations. However,
if you want to sound more formal or more emphatic, Affirmative Negative
use the full form. I’m I’m not
The short or contracted forms can be used in You’re You aren’t
affirmative or negative sentences. He’s/She’s/It’s He/She/It isn’t
We’re We aren’t
They’re They aren’t

231
Now that you know the conjugation in the plural and singular forms, its structure
for affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, as well as its full and
contracted forms, check out the possible uses of the verb to be in the simple
present.
It can be used to refer to personal information such as name, age, profession,
marital status, and nationality.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
Name
I am Sophie. My name is Sophie.
Eu sou Sophie. O meu nome é Sophie.
Profession Age
I am an architect. I am 36 years old.
Eu sou arquiteta. Eu tenho 36 anos.
Nationality Marital Status

I am French. I am single.
Eu sou francesa. Eu sou solteira.
We can also use the verb to be followed by an adjective to talk about

permanent or temporary physical characteristics and feelings.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
I am thirsty.
Eu estou com sede.
(It’s a state. Something I am experiencing now.)
I am skinny.
Eu sou magro(a).
(It refers to a physical characteristic.)

232
The verb to be in the simple present is also used to talk about permanent or
temporary qualities or states, personal characteristics, or mood.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
I am stressed. I am a stressed person.

Eu estou estressado(a). Eu sou uma pessoa estressada.
(It’s a current mood or a temporary state.) (It’s part of my personality.)
The verb to be in the simple present is also used to talk about time and dates.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
It’s eleven o’clock. Our meeting is on December 3rd.

São onze horas. A nossa reunião é no dia 3 de dezembro.
We can use the verb to be in the simple present to refer to places and locations as well.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
I am at the mall. The 9/11 Memorial is in Manhattan.

Eu estou no shopping. O memorial do 11 de Setembro é em Manhattan.
And now you know when and why we use the verb to be in the simple present.

233
Grammar
Guide-ING Forms
Spelling Rules –
There are spelling rules for the -ING form in English, which means that
the way we write the verbs will change according to certain rules.
The general rule for the -ING form is that you just add the suffix -ING.
SPELLING RULES – -ING FORMS

General Rule – Add -ING.
watch watching
assistir assitindo
do doing
fazer fazendo
There are also some special cases. If the verb ends in an E, drop the
E and add -ING.

Special Cases
Verbs ending in -E Drop the -E and add -ING
take taking
pegar; levar pegando; levando
make making
fazer fazendo

234
Spelling Rules – -ING Forms
When the verb has one syllable and ends in CVC, that means, consonant plus
vowel plus consonant, we will usually double the last consonant and add -ING.

Special Cases
One-syllable verbs Double the last consonant

ending in CVC and add -ING
run running
correr correndo
get getting
pegar pegando
swim swimming
nadar nadando
However, if the one-syllable verb that ends in CVC finishes in W, X, or Y,

there will be no double consonant, we will just add -ING.

Special Cases
CVC ending in Y, W, and X Add -ING
enjoy enjoying
gostar; aproveitar gostando; aproveitando
show showing
mostrar mostrando
fix fixing
consertar consertando

235
Spelling Rules – -ING Forms
In the case of two-syllable verbs ending in CVC, there are two rules.
If they end in a stressed syllable, we’ll double the last consonant and add -ING.
If the last syllable is unstressed, we’ll just add -ING.

Two-syllable Verbs Ending in CVC
Last syllable is stressed
commit committing
(se comprometer) (se comprometendo)
Last syllable is unstressed
whisper whispering
(sussurrar) (sussurrando)
For the verbs ending in IE, we replace IE with Y and add -ING.

Special Cases
Ending in IE Change IE for Y and add -ING

die dying
morrer morrendo
lie lying
mentir mentindo
tie tying
amarrar amarrando
Now you know the spelling rules for the -ING forms.

236
Grammar
GuideThird Person
Spelling Rules -
When we use the verbs in the third person singular in the simple present, there
are some specific spelling rules, which refer to how these verbs are written.
The third person is always about someone or something else. In the singular,
it will be used with nouns or pronouns that refer to a masculine noun or the
pronoun he, to a feminine noun or the pronoun she, and to a thing, idea, or
object or the pronoun it.
Remember that in the negative and interrogative forms of the simple present
the main verb remains in its base form for all persons. Thus, the third person
conjugation in the simple present will only be used in the main verb when it is
in the affirmative form.
The general rule is that you add -S to the verb.
SPELLING RULES – THIRD PERSON

General Rule – Add -S
work works
trabalhar trabalha
like likes
gostar gosta
For the verbs ending in O, S, X, CH, SH, or Z, we ADD -ES.

Verbs Ending in O, S, X, CH, SH, Z – Add -ES
go goes
ir vai
kiss kisses
beijar beija

237
Spelling Rules - Third Person
fix fixes
consertar conserta

watch watches
assistir assiste

crash crashes
bater bate

buzz buzzes
vibrar vibra
When the verb ends in Y and it is preceded by a consonant, drop the Y and add -IES.

Verbs Ending in Consonant + Y - Drop the Y, Add -IES
Ending in E: Add -ST

Terminação em E: Adicionar -ST
carry carries
carregar carrega
study studies
estudar estuda
try tries
tentar tenta
The verb to have is an exception: in the third person singular, we’ll drop VE and add -S.

Exception: To Have – Drop VE, add -S
have has
ter tem
And now you know the spelling rules for the verbs inflected in the third person singular
in affirmative sentences in the simple present.

238
Grammar
GuideSuperlatives
Superlatives are used to compare a person, thing, or idea to the group to
which they belong. We use different structures for short and long adjectives
or adverbs.
The structure used with short adjectives or adverbs, that is, one-syllable
adjectives or adverbs, is the following:
SUPERL ATIVES
Short Adjectives and Adverbs
Structure: The + Adjective/Adverb -EST + Noun
It was the longest distance I’ve run.

Foi a maior distância que eu já corri.
And the following table shows the structure for long adjectives or adverbs.
SUPERL ATIVES
Long Adjectives and Adverbs
Structure: THE + MOST/LEAST + Long Adjective/Adverb + Noun
Tokyo is one of the most populated cities in the world.

Tóquio é uma das cidades mais populosas do mundo.
This is the least interesting episode of the season.

Este é o episódio menos interessante da temporada.

239
Superlatives
It is important to pay attention to some spelling rules as well. For the short
adjectives or adverbs, the general rule is to add -EST to the end.
SUPERL ATIVES – SPELLING

Short Adjectives/Adverbs – General Rule: Add -EST
Adjective/Adverb The + Superlative
long the longest

longo(a) o(a) mais longo(a)
high the highest

alto(a) o(a) mais alto(a)
old the oldest

velho(a) o(a) mais velho(a)
There are other spelling cases. For the short adjectives or adverbs finishing in E,
we add -ST.

Short Adjectives/Adverbs – Special Rules
Ending in E: Add -ST

Terminação em E: Adicionar -ST
nice the nicest

legal o(a) mais legal
safe the safest

seguro(a) o(a) mais seguro(a)

240
Superlatives
For the short adjectives that finish in Y, we change Y to I and add -EST.

Ending in Y: Change Y to I and add -EST

lucky the luckiest

sortudo(a) o(a) mais sortudo(a)
happy the happiest

feliz o(a) mais feliz
There’s also a spelling rule for the short adjectives or adverbs that end in CVC:
consonant, vowel, consonant. In this case, we double the last consonant and
add -EST.

CVC: Double the Last Consonant and Add -EST

CVC: Dobre a Última Consoante e Adicione -EST
hot the hottest (double the T)

quente o(a) mais quente
big the biggest (double the G)

grande o(a) maior

241
Superlatives
The superlative of most two-syllable adjectives and adverbs will be formed by
using the structure of the long adjectives and adverbs. However, there are some
exceptions.
Take a look:
SUPERL ATIVES
Two-syllable Adjectives – Exceptions
Ending in Y: Replace Y for -IEST

Terminação em Y: Substituir o Y por -IEST
easy the easiest

fácil o(a) mais fácil
shiny the shiniest

brilhante o(a) mais brilhante
Ending in E or LE: add -ST

Terminação em E or LE: Adicionar -ST
simple the simplest

simples o(a) mais simples
gentle the gentlest

gentil o(a) mais gentil
Ending in OW: Add -EST

Terminação em OW: Adicionar -EST
narrow the narrowest

estreito(a) o(a) mais estreito(a)
shallow the shallowest

raso(a) o(a) mais raso(a)

242
Superlatives
For long adjectives or adverbs or for the two-syllable ones that do not finish in
Y, E, or OW, we’ll use: the + most + adjective or adverb.
SUPERL ATIVES – LONG ADJE CTIVES /ADVERBS

( THREE OR MORE SYLL ABLES)
The Most + Long Adjective/Adverb
The most expensive The most comfortable

O(A) mais caro(a) O(A) mais confortável
There are also irregular adjectives, which may change their form completely.
SUPERL ATIVES – IRRE GUL AR ADJE CTIVES

good the best
bom o(a) melhor
bad the worst

ruim o(a) pior
far the farthest/furthest

distante o(a) mais distante
Superlatives are often used to compare one person or thing to

other people or things of the same group.
SUPERL ATIVES – USAGE
Jackie is the most dedicated student in her class.

A Jackie é a aluna mais dedicada da turma dela.
This is the best English course.

Esse é o melhor curso de inglês.

243
Superlatives
It is also possible to compare a person or thing in a situation to the
same person or thing in a different situation. In this case, we don’t
use the article the.
SUPERL ATIVES – USAGE
I am in my best shape.
Estou na minha melhor forma.
The company is facing its most difficult challenge.

A empresa está enfrentando o seu desafio mais difícil.
And now you know how to use the superlative form in English.

244
Grammar
GuideThere + Be
The structure there + be expresses existence, and it can be used in the
affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms.
THERE + BE
Structures
Affirmative
There + Be
There’s a restaurant near the hotel.

Há um restaurante perto do hotel.
Interrogative
Be + There
Is there a restaurant near the hotel?

Há um restaurante perto do hotel?
Negative
There + Be + Not
There isn’t (is not) a restaurant near the hotel.

Não há um restaurante perto do hotel.

245
There + Be
You can use the structure in the singular or plural according to the noun that follows it.
THERE + BE
Singular and Plural
Are there good schools in your neighborhood?

Há/Tem boas escolas no seu bairro?
(The noun “schools” is in the plural, so the verb to be is in the plural)
There is a good school in my neighborhood.

Há/Tem uma escola boa no meu bairro.
(The noun “school” is in the singular, so the verb to be is in the singular)
When we talk about singular or plural forms, there are some things to which we should pay
attention. If you are talking about a list of things, use there is when the noun that follows is
also in the singular.
If there are one or more nouns in the plural, use there are and place the nouns in the plural
before the ones in the singular, if there are any.
THERE + BE
Singular and Plural
There is an apple, a banana, and a pineapple in the fruit basket.

Tem uma maçã, uma banana e um abacaxi na fruteira.
(There is All nouns in the singular)
There are some apples, two bananas, and a pineapple in the fruit basket.
Tem algumas maçãs, duas bananas e um abacaxi na fruteira.
(There are One or more nouns in the plural)

246
There + Be
In informal spoken language you might as well hear there is followed by plural
nouns. This is perfectly acceptable in such case, but you should not use it in
written formal language.
THERE + BE
Informal Spoken Language
There’s two teachers in each classroom.

Tem dois professores em cada sala de aula.
(Informal: There is One or more nouns in the plural)
We have seen some uses of there + be in the present. However, it is important to highlight that
this structure can also be used in the past and in the future.
So we will conjugate the verb to be accordingly. If we are referring to the past, we use there
was for the singular and there were for the plural.
THERE + BE
Past: There Was / There Were
There was only one employee assisting the customers.

Só havia um funcionário auxiliando os clientes.
(“Employee” is a singular noun, so we used the verb to be in the singular: “There was”)
There were many people waiting in line.

Tinha muita gente esperando na fila.
(“People” is a plural noun, so we used the verb to be in the plural: “There were”)
To use there + be in the future, we’ll use there will be with singular or plural nouns.
THERE + BE
Future: There Will Be
There will be a mall near my house.

Haverá um shopping perto da minha casa.
There will be flying cars in the future.

Haverá carros voadores no futuro.

247
There + Be
There + be can also be used with modal verbs. In this case, we’ll join the idea of existence with
the meaning that each modal verb expresses.
THERE + BE
Modal Verbs
Structure: There + Modal Verb + Be
There must be a gas station around.

Tem que ter / Deve haver um posto de gasolina por perto.
There should be no wait.

Não deve haver demora.
There might be a cocktail after the meeting.

Deve ter / É possível que tenha / Pode ser que haja um coquetel após a reunião.
We can also use there with verbs such as seem and tend before to be. In these
cases, we’ll use the infinitive form to be.
SUPERL ATIVES
Two-syllable Adjectives – Exceptions
Structure: There + Verb + To Be
There seems to be a lot of vacant rooms in this hotel.

Parece haver muitos quartos vazios neste hotel.
(It’s the speaker’s perspective of an impression).
There tends to be tension between the parts

Tende a haver tensão entre as partes.
(It’s something that is expected).
And now you know what there + be means, its structures, and how to use it.

248
Grammar
GuideWill
The modal verb will is mostly used to refer to the future. As all modal verbs,
it functions as an auxiliary verb, adding meaning to the main verb.
Check the structures for the affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms.
WILL
Structure
Affirmative
She will go to college next year.

Ela vai para a faculdade ano que vem.
Subject + Will + Main Verb in the Base Form +

Negative
Will you talk to her?

Você vai falar com ela?
Will + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +

Interrogative
It won’t rain.
Não vai chover.
Subject + Will + Not (Won’t) + Main Verb in the Base Form +


249
Will
Will is commonly used to express willingness and decisions about
the future that we make at the moment we speak.
WILL
Uses
Willingness and Decisions
I’ll (I + will) get the door.

Eu vou abrir a porta.
I will quit smoking.

Eu vou parar de fumar.
In the interrogative, we can use will to tell people what to do or to

make proposals. We can also use it for promises in affirmative and
negative sentences.
WILL
Uses
Tell people what to do
Will you behave now?

Você vai se comportar agora?
Make an offer / a proposal
Will you marry me?

Você quer se casar comigo?
Promises
I will always be with you.

Eu sempre estarei com você.

250
Will
It can be used to express refusal in the negative form.
WILL
Uses
Refusal
I won’t (will + not) talk to her.

Eu não vou falar com ela.
She won’t talk to anybody.

Ela não vai falar com ninguém.
Will is also used to refer to things that are inevitable.
WILL
Inevitability
You’ll have to attend driving classes to get your driver’s license.

Você terá que fazer aulas de direção para tirar a carteira de motorista.
Now you know that will is a modal auxiliary verb,

and you are familiar with its structures and common uses.

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Chap

6 Room Service p. 106

7 Hotel Facilities p. 126

9 Grammar Guide p. 165

[At home using a laptop]

[Showing pictures in the laptop]

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[Em casa, no notebook]

[No notebook, mostrando imagens]

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Mas quando estou na estrada e talvez indo de cidade a cidade, eu gosto

Pessoal, essa é uma típica pousada. Tipo, uma pousada aconchegante. E,

Mas se eu realmente quisesse achar algo mais do meu estilo, eu

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What is the purpose of your trip?

Is it a business trip? Is it a tourism trip?

Is it a family trip? Is it a honeymoon trip?

Notice that we used the noun trip in every sentence. In general,

EXPRESSIONS WITH THE WORD TRAVEL

Travel size Travel money Travel agent

Travel guide Travel season

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Are you traveling on business? Are you traveling for work?

WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING AN ACCOMMODATION

Budget Privacy Comfort

If your biggest concern is with the budget, then hostels may

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Hostels are usually inexpensive and centrally located.

Accommodations and bathrooms are usually shared.

Hostels are popular among solo travelers and backpackers.

When it comes to saving money, but keeping your privacy, inns or

Motels and inns are usually not expensive.

Motels and inns may not be centrally located.

Motels and inns are usually two or

At motels and inns, you must rent the room.

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Single bed Queen-size bed

Double bed King-size bed

Hotel rates vary according to hotel rating.

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( 1 ) Hostel ( 7 ) Backpacker ( ) Conforto ( ) Albergue

( 2 ) Dorm ( 8 ) Business trip ( ) Acomodação ( ) Mochileiro

( 3 ) Shared rooms ( 9 ) Honeymoon trip ( ) Orçamento ( ) Privacidade

( 4 ) Accommodation ( 10 ) Single bed ( )V

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.

a) W hat is the of your trip?

b) Are you traveling ?

É uma viagem de turismo?

d)  are usually inexpensive and centrally located

Albergues geralmente não são caros e têm uma localização central.

e)  are usually divided into female and male,

Os dormitórios geralmente são divididos entre feminino e masculino,

com até doze pessoas.

f)  and bathrooms are usually shared.

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What is the purpose of your trip?

Hostels are popular among solo travelers.

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To be is also used to talk about occupations. Check it out:

The word teacher refers to an occupation.

The Boulevard Hotel is downtown.

And an important detail: we use to be to talk about age, which

( 4 ) Accommodation ( 10 ) Single bed ( )V

a) W hat is the of your trip?

b) Are you traveling ?

d) are usually inexpensive and centrally located

e) are usually divided into female and male,

f) and bathrooms are usually shared.

INTERROGATIVE FORM Subject + Verb To Be + NOT + Complement

AFFIRMATIVE FORM Subject + Verb To Be + Main Verb in the -ING Form

INTERROGATIVE FORM Verb To Be + Subject + Main Verb in the -ING Form

a) ( ) T he Boulevard Hotel is downtown.

d) ( ) T he Beverly Hills Hotel is 107 years old.

e) ( ) We are smart.

f) ( ) Are you at the hotel?

a) W hat the purpose of your trip?