1.

The core-drilling method (CDM) is a technique for measuring in-situ stress in

concrete structures. A small hole is drilled into the structure, and the
deformations in the vicinity of the hole are measured and related via elasticity
theory to the stress. The method is similar to the ASTM hole-drilling strain-
gauge method excepting that displacements rather than strains are the
measured quantities. Displacement measurements in the current work are
performed using 3D digital image correlation. The theoretical basis for the
CDM hinges on the classical elasticity solution for the displacements in the
vicinity of a small hole in an infinite, thin plate comprised of a linear-elastic,
isotropic and homogenous material and loaded with simple stress states.
Factors such as differential shrinkage, swelling induced during wet drilling,
and the inclusion of steel reinforcement and coarse stone aggregate violate
some of these assumptions and necessitate strategies for incorporation of
their effects in an overall evaluation for stress.
 Displacements around a core hole that has been exposed to water as part of
the drilling process (the swelling that occurs in the vicinity of the hole is caused by
water absorption)
Photograph of a concrete plate and associated core after coring (visible is the
pattern applied as part of the digital image correlation process)

Displacement output from third-party vendor digital image correlation software during
a core-drilling method test.

Plot of displacements measured around a core hole during an experimental test.

Displacements were measured with digital image correlation
Mohr’s Circle pllot of experimental results showing the need for correction to
stresses measured anda the effectiveness of the proposed correction. In this case
the results were distorted due to water absorption during the test.
2. Static load testing is an in situ type of load testing used in geotechnical
investigation to determine the bearing capacity of deep foundations prior to
the construction of a building. It differs from the statnamic load
test and dynamic load testing in that the pressure applied to the pile is
slower. Static load testings are performed in order to measure a design’s axial
tension or axial compression. It can also be used to measure its deflected
shape under lateral load
3. Cara untuk memperbaiki kesalahan dari pemasangan tulangan menurut saya
adalah dengan menggunakan proses penguatan yang menggunakan CRFP.
Dengan menggunakan pelat karbon fiber, kita dapat memperkuat tanpa
membuat ulang.