Presenter

Ayesha kiran (MP/2015-S-20)

Democracy And Education
 of ppt
• Democracy and education
• Dewey's vision of Education
• Why does democracy need Education
• The leading hypotheses for the promotion of democracy through education
• What must education be to become democratic?
• Education For Democracy
• Dewey’s Assumptions
• Measurement of democratic society
• Democracy roots in Pakistan
• Islam and democracy
• Conclusion
Education
• Education is a process of transmission of knowledge from one generation
to another to bring positive behavioral change.
• Education is the process of social adjustment and self –realization of the

individual.
 John Dewey
Philosopher
• John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist, Georgist, and educational reformer
whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform.
• Born: October 20, 1859, Burlington, Vermont, United States
• Died: June 1, 1952, New York City, New York, United States
• Education: University of Vermont (1879), Johns Hopkins University, University of Chicago
• Influenced by: William James, Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
Democracy
• A form of government in which people choose leaders by voting.
• An organization or situation in which everyone is treated equally and
has equal rights.
A method of group decision making characterized by a kind of equality among the
participants at an essential stage of the collective decision making.
Three aspects of this definition should be noted.
• First, democracy concerns collective decision making,.
• Second, this definition means to cover a lot of different kinds of groups that may
be called democratic. So there can be democracy in families, voluntary
organizations, economic firms, as well as states and transnational and global
organizations.
• Third, the equality required by the definition of democracy may be more or less
deep.

(Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy)
Conti…..
• Democracy” may refer to any of these political arrangements. It may involve
direct participation of the members of a society in deciding on the laws and
policies of the society
OR
• it may involve the participation of those members in selecting representatives to
make the decisions.

Democratic Education

The Institute for Democratic Education in America (IDEA) defines

democratic education as "learning that equips every human being to
participate fully in a healthy democracy.
 Democratic Education
For education to be democratic it must be an holistic education, not proscriptive,
and not limited to the four walls of the classroom. It must be developmentally and
culturally appropriate and it must be participatory. It helps a child develop a love
for learning and critical thinking. It must also be equitable so that all have access to
it."
Education is democratic when it is inclusive
because it is acceptable to a wide variety of
people. It's democratic because it recognizes that
students are not passive beings but have to be
engaged as critical thinkers. It's democratic
because parents need to be treated as active participants in the educational
process and not merely as consumers of it. And it's democratic because it has a
sense of public accountability and a commitment to addressing broader public
and social goals."

"Democratic education is where people listen to one another and where children
are the source of learning for teachers. There is a way to help children learn and
at the same time listen to them. Teachers do not feel diminished, and they
construct with the children and respect them, which is something important to
learn."
 Democracy and Education
In 1916 John Dewey wrote powerful book which was written within the
framework of how education was to fulfill the needs of society. The
book entitled Democracy and Education defined democracy as a way
of defining culture. Dewey viewed democracy as a way of government
that allows for the members of society to enjoy freedom in a well
organized civilization. He refers to the countries that do not use
technology and mass elections to govern themselves as "savage".

Democracy And Education

John Dewey
• According to John Dewey, "the object and reward of
learning is continued capacity for growth." However, in order that all
people may be allowed the opportunity to expand their capacities for
 growth they would have to live in a democratic society. Dewey
believed that mass education, at least in terms of this definition of
education, can take place only in societies where there is mutuality,
and where there is:

• "adequate provision for the reconstruction of social habits and

institutions by means of wide stimulation arising from equitably
distributed interests."

Dewey's vision of Education

• Dewey's vision of education is thus directly connected with the
question of preparing people for active citizenship in a participatory
democracy.
 The Promotion Of Democracy Through
Education
Currently, the leading hypotheses for the promotion of democracy through
education are
 • Education increases the benefits of political activity because it increases
human capital
• Education lowers the costs of political activity because the citizens are
better able to make decisions
• Socialization hypothesis- education affects socialization equally, including
its manifestation in politics.

Why does democracy need education?

Education is a universal human right. It also is a means of achieving other human
rights and it is an empowering social and economic tool. Through the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, the world's nations have agreed that everyone has
the right to education.
• Every society transmits its habits of mind, social norms, culture, and
ideals from one generation to the next. There is a direct connection
between education and democratic values: in democratic societies,
 educational content and practice support habits of democratic
governance.
• This educational transmission process is vital in a democracy because
effective democracies are dynamic, evolving forms of government that
demand independent thinking by the citizenry. The opportunity for
positive social and political change rests in citizens' hands.

Conti….
• Governments should value and devote resources to education just as they
strive to defend their citizens.
• Literacy enables people to stay informed through newspapers and books.
Informed citizens are in a better position to improve their democracy.
• Democracies encourage students to develop reasonable arguments based on
careful research and a clear understanding of history.
• Private and religious groups should be free to create schools or parents may
choose to teach their children at home.
• Government-run schooling must be equally accessible to all citizens regardless
of their ethnic or religious backgrounds, gender, or physical disabilities.
• Democratic norms and practices should be taught in order for people to
understand and appreciate their opportunities and responsibilities as free
citizens.
• Education for democratic citizenship includes knowledge of national and
world history and of basic democratic principles.
• School curricula in democracies include history, geography, economics,
literature, philosophy, law, the arts, social studies, mathematics, and
science courses available to all students -- girls and boys.
• Students should also be free to organize clubs and activities where
democratic norms can be put into practice. For example,
• Student government gives pupils experience in the democratic process.
• Mock elections teach students about citizen participation and encourage
in them lifelong voting habits
 • The researchers also find that established democracies are more
likely to survive if the population is more educated.
Dewey’s Assumptions
The John Dewey Project on Progressive Education grounds its work in
Dewey’s assumption that the aims of education should be oriented towards
preparing young people to be full and active participants in all aspects of
democratic life.
• The skills and dispositions needed to actively participate in all aspects
of democratic life include:
• The ability to think critically, a sense of efficacy, a commitment to
compassionate action, and a desire to actively participate in political
life by engaging in local decision-making processes, voting, etc., as
well as the basic need to be able to read, write and do arithmetic.
 What must education be to become
democratic?
• It must be accessible for everyone. It means every human being has access
to quality education and has their basic needs met. This means addressing
social issues such as poverty and others that affect people's ability to learn.
• For education to be democratic, every person must be valued, listened to,
and participate actively in their learning and in the decision making
processes."

EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRACY

John Dewey formed the basis for the reform of the American educational
system, which started paying attention not only to the education of narrow
technical skills but:
• To broaden the democratic consciousness of every student.
• With the goal of shaping a responsible demoratic public life.
How we can measured democratic society?
A democratic society may be measured
• Firstly, by the extent to which the interests of a group are
shared by all its members, and
• Secondly, by the extent to which groups may freely interact
with each other.
Democracy Roots in Pakistan
• Democracy did not take roots in Pakistan due to a number of reasons, the
foremost being that no effort was ever made to politically educate the people.
• As the very foundation of democracy – political education of people remains weak
due to mass illiteracy and extremely low standard of education.
• Secondly, hardly any one of the national political leaders is or ever was from
among the common people. They were and still are elites – top barristers, little
holders, bureaucrats, landlords and now also crony capitalists. An other reason is
the absence of democratic political process. Basically, it is the result of
nonexistence of democracy with in the political parties.
• This is unfortunate but more unfortunate is failure of party leadership to acquire
political education themselves.
 And Democracy

• In Islam all sovereignty belongs to Allah and power to rule is a Holy trust. It
is not the legislative that makes laws, for all laws are given in the Holy
Quran the world of God. These laws are not for time being but they are for
all times. Parliament has no right to change the priorities laid down in the
God’s book nor can it finish or suspends the right granted by the Quran and
Shariat.
•

• In the Holy Quran there is no reference to any political system. God has
sent his messengers to guide humanity in the all walks of life. Last
 messenger sent to us for guidance is Hazrat Muhammad (Peace be upon
him) he was prophet as well as head of the state.

Conti…
• Holy Prophet laid the foundation of Islamic state on the basis of
Islamic democracy in which all decisions are made in consultation
with leading citizens of the Islamic state.
• Islam stand for true democracy social justice, equality, equitable
distribution of wealth, regard for individual rights, eradication of
 nepotism and favoritism, bribery and hoarding, safety and respect for
human life and properly irrespective of class religion or party

Conclusion

We should need to improve and modify curriculum:

* to create better and better conditions for educating not only on the level of
expertise in certain fields but also
* on the level of shaping individual criticism and responsibility for the
democratic public sphere.
STUDENT NEED
TO DEVELOP

• the ability for argumentation,

• the ability to make reasonable ethical choices

• the ability for critical thinking