BEHAVIOR DRIVEN

DEVELOPMENT (BDD)
João Ferreira

2021

C MPASS
I´m glad we all agree

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Agile … is aging

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Meet Dan & Liz

Dan North Liz Keogh

“Communication and collaboration framework for developers, QA and non-technical or

business participants in a software project” 2009

“It's using examples to talk through how an application behaves... And having
conversations about those examples.” 2013

BDD is a means of clearing confusion between testers,

developers, and business people.
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Deliberate Discovery

BDD is a means of clearing confusion between

testers, developers, and business people.

• Business – What problem are we trying to solve?

• Development – How might we build a solution to solve that problem?
• Testing – What about this, what could possibly happen?

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Shift Left Model

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User Stories have three critical aspects

“Card”
The card has just enough text to identify the requirement, and to remind everyone what the story is.
(As … I want … so that …)

“Conversation”
The requirement itself is communicated from customer to developers through conversation:
an exchange of thoughts, opinions, and feelings.

“Confirmation”
When the conversation about a card gets down to the details of the acceptance test,
the customer and developers settle the final details of what needs to be done.

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Source: Ron Jeffries; Essential XP: Card, Conversation, Confirmation
Highlighting the impact

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Extracting information via conversations

conversations

conversations

conversations

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Formalized Acceptance Criteria

Title (one line describing the story)

Narrative:
In order to [impact]
a [role]
Wants [feature]

Acceptance Criteria: (presented as Scenarios)

confirmation Scenario 1: Title

Given [context]
And [some more context]...
When [event]
Then [outcome]
And [another outcome]...

Scenario 2: ...

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User Story practice is not linear

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Exercise

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Example: Narrative

Story: Account Holder withdraws cash

In order to request money when the bank is closed

As an Account Holder
I want to withdraw cash from an ATM

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Example: scenario 1

Story: Account Holder withdraws cash

In order to request money when the bank is closed

As an Account Holder
I want to withdraw cash from an ATM

Scenario 1: Account has sufficient funds

Given the account balance is €100
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should dispense €20
And the card should be returned
And the account balance should be €80

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Example: scenario 2 Story: Account Holder withdraws cash

In order to request money when the bank is closed

As an Account Holder
I want to withdraw cash from an ATM

Scenario 1: Account has sufficient funds

Given the account balance is €100
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should dispense €20
And the card should be returned
And the account balance should be €80

Scenario 2: Account has insufficient funds

Given the account balance is €10
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should not dispense any money
And the card should be returned
And the account balance should be €10
And the ATM should say there are insufficient funds

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 Story: Account Holder withdraws cash
Example: scenario 3
In order to request money when the bank is closed
As an Account Holder
I want to withdraw cash from an ATM

Scenario 1: Account has sufficient funds

Given the account balance is €100
And the card is valid
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should dispense €20
And the card should be returned
And the account balance should be €80

Scenario 2: Account has insufficient funds

Given the account balance is €10
And the card is valid
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should not dispense any money
And the card should be returned
And the account balance should be €10
And the ATM should say there are insufficient funds

Scenario 3: Card has been disabled

Given the account balance is €100
And the card is disabled
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should say the card has been retained
And the account balance should be €80
And the card should not be returned

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 Story: Account Holder withdraws cash

In order to request money when the bank is closed

Example: scenario 4 As an Account Holder
I want to withdraw cash from an ATM

Scenario 1: Account has sufficient funds

Given the account balance is €100
And the card is valid
And the ATM contains enough money
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should dispense €20
And the card should be returned
And the account balance should be €80

Scenario 2: Account has insufficient funds

Given the account balance is €10
And the card is valid
And the ATM contains enough money
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should not dispense any money
And the card should be returned
And the account balance should be €10
And the ATM should say there are insufficient funds

Scenario 3: Card has been disabled

Given the account balance is €100
And the card is disabled
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should say the card has been retained
And the account balance should be €80
And the card should not be returned

Scenario 4: The ATM has insufficient funds

Given the account balance is €100
And the card is valid
And the ATM does not contain enough money
When I withdraw €20 from an ATM with card
Then the ATM should not dispense any money
And the card should be returned
And the account balance should be €100
And the ATM should say it is out of cash 16
Slicing a story becomes easy

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Regression testing grows fast with each change

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