Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the
Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Let’s Learn

This lesson will help you understand the concept, aspect and changes in/of
culture and society. Activities are given as your guide to give you better
understanding of the topic.

At the end of this module the students should be able to;

1. Analyze the concept, aspect and changes in/of culture and society.

Let’s Try

Let us use your initial knowledge on the topic to be discussed. Answer the following
questions without browsing the module. Choose the letter of the best answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.
Directions: Read the following statements. Encircle your best answer.
1. These consist of tangible such as technological tools, architectural structures,
fashion and accessories and food.
a. Material culture c. Non-material culture
b. b. Basic culture d. Commercial culture

2. These are guides or models of behavior which tell us what is proper and
which are appropriate or inappropriate right or wrong.
a. Folkways b. Norms c. Belief d. Laws

3. Which among the following is a community or group joined together by

sustained bond and interaction?
a. Society b. values c. norms d. culture

4. What is the set of learned behaviors and beliefs that characterized a people
group?
a. Norms b. society c. culture d. values

5. What will happen if society does not have any form of culture?
a. People will prosper and will enjoy the benefits of society.
b. Society will be dull and will not continue to develop.
c. Society will gain economic growth.
d. It will not matter.

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6. Which of the following best describe as Filipinos?
a. serious c. pretentious
b. hospitable d. obnoxious
7. They embody the code of ethics and standard of morality in society.
a. Mores b. Norms c. Folkways d. Fads

8. The following statements are characteristics of culture except

a. It is learned and acquired c. It is shared and transmitted
b. It is deliberated and enacted d. It gratifies human needs

9. When discussing things like language, beliefs and attitudes, we are describing
the concept of?
a. Culture c. Genetic mutation
b. Biological determination d. Physical evolution

10. Norms are defined as _________.

a. taboo actions c. outcast of society
b. forbidden food d. middle class of society

11. Culture is ___________.

a. The same thing as society c. possessed only by male
b. Limited to humans d. none of the above

12. Which of the following statements is true of culture?

a. Language is culture.
b. Archaeologist digs up culture in their excavation.
c. Culture is powerful tool of human survival.
d. All of the above.

13. What aspect of culture is learned and acquired through different interactions
with people?
a. Dynamic, Flexible and Adaptive c. Patterned Social Interaction
b. Shared and Contested d. Integrated and Time Unstable

14. Culture includes __________.

a. only material things such as cars or jewelry
b. the land we share
c. our thoughts, beliefs and possession
d. d. only non-material things

15. The terms ________ describes the beliefs, practices and artifacts of a group
and ________ describe the relationships between the people who shares
those beliefs and practices. This terms are used interchangeably, but have
nuances that differentiate them.
a. Culture and society c. Cultural Relativism
b. Ethnocentrism d. Social Orientation

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Lesson
The Concept, Aspect and Changes
2 in/of Culture and Society.

Let’s Recall

Let us use your initial knowledge on the topic to be discussed. From your own point
of view elaborate the following situation and write it on a separate paper.

1. What is Anthropology, Sociology and Political Identities?

2. Give the significance / importance of each.

Let’s Explore

Let us use your initial knowledge on the topic to be discussed. Analyze the picture
and name things that you have observed.

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 1.________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________

Let’s Elaborate

Culture, society and politics are concepts. They exist in the realm of ideas and
thoughts. As such, they cannot be seen or touched and yet the influence the way we
see and experience our individual and collective social beings.
Concepts have created and have been used to have firm grasp of phenomenon. Just
like any other words, concept are initially invented as icon to capture phenomena
and in the process assist the users/inventors to described facets of social experience
in relation to the phenomena concerned.
What is interesting about concepts is that conceptual tools, they allow us to form
other concepts, or relate concepts to each other or even deconstruct old ones and
replace them with something new.

Culture is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior and norms
found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs,
capabilities, and habits of the individuals.

Component of Culture

 Material Culture- refers to the objects or belongings of a group of people,

such as automobiles, stores, and the physical structures where people
worship.

 Non-material Culture - in contrast, consists of the ideas, attitudes, and

beliefs of a society.

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 Elements of Culture

 Knowledge - it refers to any information received and perceived to be true.

 Belief– the perception of accepted reality. Reality refers to the existence of
things whether it is material or non-material.
 Social Norms – these are established expectations of society as to how a
person is supposed to act depending on the requirements of time, place or
situation.

Different Forms of Social Norms

 Folkways – The patterns of receptive behavior which becomes
habitual and conventional part of living.
 Mores – the set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates
of reason that distinguishes human acts as right or wrong or good from
bad.
 Values – anything held to be relatively worthy, important desirable, or
valuable.

 Technology – the practical application of knowledge in converting raw

materials into finished products.

Aspects of Culture
 Dynamic, Flexible, andAdaptive – culture constantly changes and adapt to
the current state of society. It continuously restores itself whenever customs
do not fit in the current situation anymore. It does not remain stagnant.

 Shared and Contested– culture is learned and acquired through different

interactions with people. Culture is shared learning experience. Because
culture constantly changes,we get to share the learning process with other
people. However, culture is also contested indifferent ways and situations.
Because of diversity, culture is always subjected to debate and analysis.

 Learned Through Socializationor Enculturation- Socialization is an

ongoing process of learning languages, behaviors, customs, values, norms,
and others to acquire a personal identity. It helps us learn the culture.
Socialization also teaches us how to interact with other people and helps us
develop the behaviors that we think are inborn or part of human nature.

 Patterned Social Interaction- Socialization helps us acquire both good and

bad parts of our culture. How do we identify the good and the bad?

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 Five Patterns of Social Interaction
 Exchange or social exchange is the expectation that whenever we do
something good, we will receive something good in return (Thompson
and Hickey, 2005, p.129). It is the most basic pattern of socialization

 Cooperation is when people or groups of people work together to

achieve a common goal. Cooperation is considered to be essential for
human survival because, without cooperation, social life would be
unmanageable (Thompson and Hickey, 2005, p.129).

 Competition may be viewed as the opposite of cooperation. Instead of

working together towards a common goal, competing individuals or
groups battle to achieve the target that only one can have (Thompson
and Hickey, 2005, p.129).

 Conflict arises when people disobey rules, control a person by force, or

hurt other people just to achieve their goals. However, conflict is not
always considered bad. threatened by an external factor (Thompson
and Hickey, 2005, p.129).

 Coercion happens when there is a use of threat or force in persuading

others. People usually coerce other people when they cannot achieve
their goals on their own.

Integratedand atTimes Unstable- The patterns of social interaction are connected

to each other and may change from time to time.

Transmitted Through Socialization- culture can also be transmitted from one

person to another and even from one society to another.

Requires Language for Social Interaction- In every interaction, language is the

most important tool that is always used. Language is not only restricted to verbal
language. It is also used in non-verbal communication or body language during
interaction

Society- is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large

social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same
political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

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 Society as a Concept
 Society was coined by social scientist to facilitate their exploration of social
phenomena.

 Society represents an ideal type, which more or less depicts the form,
process, and dynamics of the social reality it embodies.

 Society is seen as an outcome of multiple interaction of people upon which

succeeding interactions are made meaningful and possible.

Let’s Dig In

Comparison and Contrast: Fill out the blank to complete the column of comparison/
difference between Culture and Society.

Basis for Comparison Culture Society

Meaning

What is it It is something that

differentiates one society from
the other

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What it does It shapes the social
framework through

Represent Rules that guide the way

people live

People who share

Includes
common belief and
practices

Examples Fashion, Lifestyle, Tastes and

Music etc.

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 Let’s Remember

As a way to greet people in different countries, the different cultural trait is followed.
This is how culture of one society differs from that of another. So it is true to say that
different societies have different cultures. Give an example of Societies with different
culture.

Let’s Apply

As a student and part of our society, how can you help/ contribute to our country
especially this pandemic (Covid-19).

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 Let’s Evaluate

Let us use the knowledge on the topic that we have discussed. Answer the following
questions without browsing the module. Choose the letter of the best answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the function of culture?

a. Determine what is proper to establish.
b. Establish the appropriate clothes to wear.
c. Determine who will have approved sexual contact with whom.
d. All of the above

2. Intangible culture: non material culture; Tangible culture: _____.

a. High culture c. material culture
b. Un-material culture d. ideal culture

3. Divorce is legal in the United States but is not acceptable in the Philippines. What
does it show?
a. Culture is illegal c. culture is relative
b. Culture is uniform d. culture is phenomenon

4. Societies are ______________ .

a. Groups of organizing organisms.
b. Only found among humans.
c. Created only by technologically sophisticated peoples such as those in the
industrialized nations of the world.
d. None of the above

5. Human culture is _________ .

a. partly inherited genetically
b. entirely learned
c. limited to relatively rich societies with sophisticated technologist
d. all of the above

6. The most important social unit in a culture is the

a. school b. family c.government d.military

7. Culture is learned.
a. true b.falsec. maybe d. sometimes

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8. A ___ is anything that carries a meaning and represents something else.
a. value b. law c. symbols d. all of the above
9. Refers to any information received and perceived to be true.
a. Values b. knowledge c. Law d. Symbols

10. The perception of accepted reality. Realityrefers to the existence of things

whether it is material or non-material.
a. Belief b. Norm’s c. Folkways d. Law

11. These are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to

act depending on the requirements of time, place or situation.
a. social change c. social norms
b. social variation d. social distance

12.Also known as customs these are norms for everyday behaviour that people
follow for the sake of tradition or convenience.
a. Mores b. Law c. Taboos d. Folkways

13. It describe what is appropriate or inappropriate in a given society or what ought

to be.
a. Beliefs b. Values c. Language d. Norms

14. One of the aspects of culture is

a. Dynamic Adaptive and Flexible
b. Learned through socialization and enculturation
c. Shade and contested
d. All of the above

15. These are guides or models of behaviour which tell us what is proper and which
are appropriate or inappropriate right or wrong.
a. Folkways b. Norms c. Belief d. Laws

Let’s Extend

What is the difference between Ethnocentrism and Relativism? Give an example

of each.

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References

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Written by: Ederlina D. Balena, Arnel M.
Peralta (Published by Educational Resources Corporation) –
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (First Edition ) Written by: Gerry M.
Lanuza . Sarah S. Raymundo (Published by Rex Book Store)
Understanding Culture Societ and Politics by Our Lady of Fatima University
Workbook
https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-culture-and-society.html
https://kupdf.net/download/module-ucsp_59b64d97dc0d60ef328ceb25_pd
https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-distinguishing-between-society-
culture.html
 Development Team of the Module
Writers:Delia D. Casasola
Editors:
Content Evaluator:Elisa P. Apolis – Head Teacher III
Content Evaluator: Rommel P. Gramaje– Master Teacher 1
Language Evaluator: ANGELITA S. VARGAS
Reviewer: Ferdinand Paggao – EPS AP
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:Dan Gil M. Loresco
Management Team: Margarito B. Materum OIC-SDS
Dr. George P. Tizon, SDOG Chief
Dr. Ellery G. Quintia, CID Chief
Daisy L. Mataac, Ed.D.
Ferdinand Paggao, EPS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph