BTEC FPT INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT 1
UNIT:NETWORKING

STUDENT : NGUYEN TRINH ANH TUAN

CLASS : IT 05102

STUDENT ID : BD00096

SUPERVISOR : TRUONG DANG HIEU

Da Nang, July 2022

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 Qualification BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma in Business

Unit number and title Unit: NETWORKING

Submission date 30/06/2022 Date received 30/06/2022

(1st
submission)

Re-submission date Date received

(2nd
submission)

Student name NGUYEN TRINH ANH Student ID BD00096

TUAN

Class IT 05102 Assessor name TRUONG DANG HIEU

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I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the
consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature:
TUAN
NGUYEN TRINH ANH TUAN

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TABLES OF CONTENT
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 1. (P1) Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards.. . .7

1.1 Define network...................................................................................................................................... 7

□ Wan.................................................................................................................................................................. 9

WAN (Wide Area Network), also known as wide area network, is a combination of urban networks
including MAN and LAN through satellite equipment, optical cables, and power cables......................................9

Wide area network was created to connect on a large scale across the country. The protocol used in
the....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

WAN is TCP/IP, the bandwidth varies depending on the installation location..........................................9

Internet Protocol (IP)..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)........................................................................................................................................ 13

1.5 List some standard organnizations and standard names................................................................. 14

2. (P2)Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements......................................15

2.1 Network topology definition................................................................................................................................................. 15
2.2 Definition: Physical & Logical Topology................................................................................................................................ 16
2.3Examples of topology with diagrams (Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, Hybrid, Mesh)...............................................................16
2.4 Rules of communication............................................................................................................................................................ 19

1. (P3) Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types........20

1.1. Discuss 1 or 2 operating principles of a selected network device...................................................20

Repeater – Amplify the signal......................................................................................................................... 21

1.3 List server types (web server, mail server, DB Serve, DNS Server, DHCP Server).........................23
2.1 Explain what is meant by interdependencies..................................................................................................................... 26
2.2 Give examples of interdepenncy...................................................................................................................................... 26

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

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 LIST OF THE ACRONYM

ACL Access Control List

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.

ARCNET Attached Resource Computer Network‹

ARP. Address Resolution Protocol

Bit Binary Digit

DHCP. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCS Dynamic Host Configuration Server

DNS Domain Name System

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 CHAPTER 1: BASIC KNOWLEDGE
LO1: Examine networking principles and their protocols

1. (P1) Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and
standards.

1.1 Define network.

A network is a system of connected elements that work together. Computer networks connect
PCs, printers, servers, phones, cameras, and other types of devices. Computer networks
connect devices, allow them to exchange data, and facilitate sharing of information and
resources.

Figure1- 1

1.2 Network type (MAN, WAN,LAN etc.)

LAN

LAN (Local Area Network), also known as a local area network, is used in a limited area with high
transmission speed.

Devices using LAN can share resources with each other, typically sharing files, printers, ... and some
other devices.

- Advantages of LAN

High transmission speed, support to connect many devices quickly. Although limited in connection
range, it costs less, uses less wires, and is easy to administer.

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 Man

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), also known as urban network, links from many LANs via cables,
other transmission means,... The ability to connect in a large range such as in a town or city , conscious.

The MAN network model is often used mainly for organizations and businesses with many branches and
departments connected to each other.

Man network is often used for businesses because this model provides many types of services such as
connecting lines via voice (voice), data (data), video (image), deploying applications easily. .

- Advantages of MAN network network

The large connection range makes interaction between business parts easy, efficient, low cost, stable
transmission speed, information security, simple management.

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 □ Wan

WAN (Wide Area Network), also known as wide area network, is a combination of urban networks

including MAN and LAN through satellite equipment, optical cables, and power cables.

Wide area network was created to connect on a large scale across the country. The protocol used in the

WAN is TCP/IP, the bandwidth varies depending on the installation location.

- Advantages of WAN
Large connectivity, no signal limitation, easy information sharing, data storage. Relative transmission
speed varies by region or transmission device.

1.2.1 Benefit of the network

The Internet is extremely important and brings a lot of benefits to the entire global humanity. The
Internet makes information transfer quickly, you can access information on the internet at almost
any location on the globe. For the sake of simplicity, to summarize the internet has the following
benefits:

Look up and learn a huge store of information online

Help people do business, sell online, make money and increase jobs

Linking friends and relatives through social networks like Facebook, vegetable garden Zalo

Send and receive mail, read online news

Watch movies, listen to music online, play games

Using social networking apps…

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 1.2.2 Constraint of the network

A constraint network represents a mathematical relationship between several variables and is able to
compute the value of any one of these variables given the values of all the others.

There are two types of nodes in a constraint network: cells and constraints. Cells represent variables
(read-only cells represent constants) and constraints represent primitive mathematical relationships
such as z = x + y and z = x * y. The neighbors of a constraint are the cells that it constrains. The neighbors
of a cell are the constraints that constrain it.

1.3 Protocol and Standards

Network protocols are formal standards and policies made up of rules, procedures, and formats that
define communication between two or more devices over a network. The Internet Protocol Suite is a
set of protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet runs.

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 Protocol

A protocol is a set of established rules that define how to format, transmit, and receive data so that
computer network devices - from servers and routers to endpoints - can communicate with each other. ,
regardless of the differences in infrastructure, design, or basic standards between them.

Standard

An Internet standard is a specification that is very beneficial to the Internet, has proven to be
mature, and is supported by the general public. This title is awarded by the Internet Architecture
Council on the recommendation of the Internet. Engineering Task Force (IETF). Standardized
procedures were introduced in late 1988. The whole process takes at least a few months and often
takes several years. In many cases, it is postponed indefinitely. Each Internet standard is either a
selected Request for Comments, or a set of multiple RFCs.

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 Network protocol definition
A network protocol is a set of rules that a network must follow. Network protocols are formal standards
and policies made up of rules, procedures, and formats that define communication between two or
more devices over a network.

1.4 List some protocols : TCP/IP, HTTP,DNS,ICMP

Internet Protocol (IP)

Internet Protocol Suite

The Internet Protocol Suite is a collection of protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the
Internet runs. The Internet Protocol Suite is sometimes referred to as the TCP/IP protocol suite. TCP and
IP are important protocols in the Internet Protocol Suite - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and
Internet Protocol (IP). The Internet Protocol Suite is similar to the OSI model, but with some differences.
Also, not all layers correspond well.
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 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTTP is the data communication platform for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is structured text that
uses hyperlinks between nodes containing the text. HTTP is an application protocol for distributed and
hybrid hypermedia information systems.
HTTP's default port is 80 and 443. Both of these ports are secure.

DNS( Domain Name System)

DNS (Domain Name System) or domain name resolution system, can be explained as a system that helps
humans and computers "communicate" with each other more easily (Because of their communication
language). We are names and letters, and computers can only understand sequences of numbers!) The
system helps to translate domain names (hostnames) into strings of numbers, so that computers can
understand.
ICMP( Internet Control Message Protocol)

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. Readers can understand simply a protocol of the
Internet Protocol packet, also known as the control protocol on the network.
ICMP is used to report errors that occur during the transmission of data packets on the network. Or used

to probe and manage the operation of the network.

1.5 List some standard organnizations and standard names

ITU - International Telecommunication Union. is an association of national unions, based in Switzerland,
founded in 1947, whose members include major government and telecommunications companies.
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): is a non-profit organization, op erating since 1963,
with more than 360,000 members (in 2010) including engineers, scientists, students worldwide.
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force) is also an organization that develops standards related to wireless
technology
IOS ( International Standard Organization)
EIA ( Electronic Industry Association)
TIA ( Telecom Industry Association )

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 2. (P2)Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements

2.1 Network topology definition

Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network.
Primarily, it is the topological structure of a computer network, and can be described in terms of physics and logic.
The physical topology (physical topology) is the arrangement of the various network elements, including
equipment storage and cabling settings, while the logical topology (logical topology) specifies how the data flow in
the network works. Node distances, physical intersections, transmission rates, and/or signal types can vary
between two networks even though their topologies may be identical.

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 2.2 Definition: Physical & Logical Topology.
A logical topology is a concept in a network that defines the architecture of the communication
mechanism for all nodes in a network. Using network devices such as routers and switches, the logical
topology of a network can be automatically maintained and reconfigured. The topology is anti-logical
with the physical topology, which refers to the physical interconnection of all devices in the network.

2.3Examples of topology with diagrams (Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, Hybrid, Mesh)
Bus Topology
Bus topology using a single cable connecting all nodes is included. The main cable acts as a backbone for
the entire network. One of the computers in the network acts as a server. When it has 2 endpoints, it is
called a linear BUS topology.

□Star topology
In a star topology, all computers connect with the help of a hub. This cable is called the hub node and all
other nodes are connected using this hub. It is most popular on LANs because they are cheap and easy to
set up.

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 □Ring topology
In a Ring network, every device has exactly 2 neighbors for communication purposes. It is called a ring
structure, because its formation resembles a ring. In this topology, every computer is connected to
another computer. Here, the last node is combined with the first node.

This topology uses tokens to transfer information from one computer to another. In this topology, all
messages go through a ring in the same direction.

□ Mesh Topology
Mesh topology has a unique network design in which each computer on the network connects to each
other. It is developed a P2P connection between all network devices. It provides a high degree of
redundancy, so even if one network cable fails, data has an alternate path to its destination.
Types of mesh topology:
Partial Mesh Topology: In this type of topology, most of the connected devices are almost similar to a full
topology. The only difference is that at least the device is connected to only 2 or 3 devices.

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 □Tree Topology

A tree topology has a root node and all other nodes connected together forming a hierarchy. So it is also
known as hierarchical topology. This topology integrates different star topologies in a single bus, so it is
called star topology. Tree topology is a very common network similar to star and bus topology.

□Hybrid topology

Hybrid topology combines 2 or more topologies. As shown in the figure, you can see in an office that
uses two links: Start and P2P. Hybrid topologies are always created when 2 different underlying network
topologies are connected.

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 2.4 Rules of communication
All communication methods have three elements in common:
Source or sender
Destination or receiver
Channel or media
Rules or protocols govern all methods of communication.
Protocols are necessary for effective communication and include:
• An identified sender and receiver
• Common language and grammar
• Speed and timing of delivery
• Confirmation or acknowledgment requirements

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 2.5 Bandwidth
The concept of bandwidth probably many people still do not understand. In English, the network bandwidth is
bandwidth. In the most literal sense, this term is the maximum speed that can transfer resources in 1 second or
more clearly the capacity of a wired or wireless network link to transfer maximum data back and forth between
the website and the Internet. users per unit of time.
Bandwidth is usually expressed in bits/second, that is, the number of bits transmitted in 1 second or in other
words the amount of data transferred per unit of time. Imagine that network bandwidth is like a road, if the road
is wide and comfortable, the traffic on it will be easier, but if the road is narrow, the movement will be congested.
If data transmission over broadband will be easy, not stagnant and vice versa.

CHAPTER 2: Explain networking devices and operations 

1. (P3) Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types.

1.1. Discuss 1 or 2 operating principles of a selected network device

The role of Hub and Switch is the same
This assertion was mentioned by me when talking about the definition of these two types of devices.
Both are hubs for incoming connections of devices in a computer network and both process a type of
data called frames. When they receive a frame, they amplify that frame and then forward it to the
destination device.

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 1.2 List network devices

Repeater – Amplify the signal.

Switch – Switching device.

Hub – Multi-port information amplification.

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Bridge – connects networks together.

Router – Connect to the IP network.

Gateway – Different protocol network connection.

Modem – ISP network interface.

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 1.3 List server types (web server, mail server, DB Serve, DNS Server, DHCP Server)
Server also known as server is a computer (hardware and software) connected to a computer network or
the internet. On the server install additional software or a dedicated computer. Or multiple networked
computers with storage capacity to serve and provide

Wed server
Web server means a web server, which is a mainframe computer connected to an extended set of
computer networks. The server contains all the data it is authorized to manage. Each server has its own
IP and can read a variety of languages such as HTML, HTM, File, etc. The server has a large capacity and
very high speed to be able to store and operate well the data warehouse on the internet. Through the
separate communication port of each server, the computer system is able to operate more smoothly.
The server must ensure continuous operation to be able to provide data to its computer network.

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 Mail server

The basic Mail Server is still a Dedicated Server (individual Server) or Cloud Server (cloud
computing server) configured to turn into a machine to send and receive email. It also has all the
same parameters as a normal Server such as Ram, CPU, Storage, etc. In addition, it also has other
parameters related to Email factors such as the number of Email accounts, Email forwarder, Mail
list, etc. …

DB Server

A database server is a computer system that provides other computers with services related to
accessing and retrieving information from databases. Access to the database server can take place
through a front end running locally on the user's machine (for example, phpMyAdmin) or a back
end running on the database server itself, accessed using a remote shell. After the information in
the database is retrieved, it is exported to the person requesting the data.

Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan

 DNS Server

DNS Server, also known as Domain Name System, is an ordered naming system for computers and
services participating in the Internet. It associates a variety of information with the domain names
assigned to them so that users can use that domain to find out the information they need to know.
It is important to choose a domain name that makes sense to the user, which is linked to other
network devices to locate and provide information to users around the world.

DHCP Server

DHCP server - DHCP server: is a device connected to the network that returns the necessary
information to the DHCP client when requested. BOOTP relay agents - A BOOTP relay device: is a
workstation or a router capable of forwarding DHCP messages between the DHCP server and the DHCP
client.

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2. P4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking
software.

2.1 Explain what is meant by interdependencies

The hardware cannot function until the software is loaded and the software is installed in the hardware
to set the programs to work.
Interdependence is a state of relationship between two parties in which the costs of severing ties or
curtailing exchanges are equal for each party.

2.2 Give examples of interdepenncy

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Performed Student: Nguyen Trinh Anh Tuan