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Types of press tools

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Types of press tools 1

Types of press tools

Press tools are commonly used in hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical presses to produce components at high
volumes. Generally press tools are categorized by the types of operation performed using the tool, such as blanking,
piercing, bending, forming, forging, trimming etc. The press tool will also be specified as a blanking tool, piercing
tool, bending tool etc.[1]

Classification of press tools

Blanking tool
• When a component is produced with one
single punch and die where the entire outer
profile is cut in a single stroke the tool is
called a blanking tool.
• Blanking is the operation of cutting flat
shapes from sheet metal.
• The outer area of metal remaining after a
blanking operation is generally discarded as Blanking Tool

waste.
• Size of blank or product is the size of the die & clearance is given on punch.
• It is a metal cutting operation.

Piercing Tool
Piercing involves cutting of clean holes with a
resulting scrap slug. The operation is called die
cutting and can also produce flat components
where the die, the shaped tool, is pressed into a
sheet material employing a shearing action to cut
holes. This method can be used to cut parts of
different sizes and shapes in sheet metal, leather
and many other materials.
Piercing tool

Cut off tool

Cut off operations are those in which a strip of
suitable width is cut to length in a single
operation. Cut-off tools can produce many parts.
The required length of strip can be cut off for
bending and forming operations using this tool.

Cutoff tool
Types of press tools 2

Parting off tool

Partings are similar, in that a discrete part is cut from a sheet or strip of metal along a desired geometric path. The
difference between a cutoff and a parting is that a cutoff can be nestled perfectly on the sheet metal, due to its
geometry. With cutoffs, the cutting of sheet metal can be done over one path at a time and there is practically no
waste of material. With partings, the shape can not be nestled precisely. Partings involve cutting the sheet metal
along two paths simultaneously. Partings waste a certain amount of material, that can be significant.

Trimming tool
When cups and shells are drawn from flat sheet metal the edge is left wavy and irregular, due to uneven flow of
metal. This irregular edge is trimmed in a trimming die. Shown is flanged shell, as well as the trimmed ring removed
from around the edge. While a small amount of Material is removed from the side of a component in trimming tool.

Shaving tool
Shaving removes a small amount of material
around the edges of a previously blanked
stampings or piercing. A straight, smooth edge is
provided and therefore shaving is frequently
performed on instrument parts, watch and clock
parts and the like. Shaving is accomplished in
shaving tools especially designed for the
purpose. Trimming Tool

Bending tool
Bending tools apply simple bends to stampings. A simple bend is done in which the line of the bend is straight. One
or more bends may be involved, and bending tools are a large important class of press tools.

Forming tool
Forming tools apply more complex forms to
work pieces. The line of bend is curved instead
of straight and the metal is subjected to plastic
flow or deformation.

Drawing tool
Drawing tools transform flat sheets of metal into
cups, shells or other drawn shapes by subjecting Bending Tool
the material to severe plastic deformation.
Shown in fig is a rather deep shell that has been drawn from a flat sheet.
Types of press tools 3

This type of Press tool is used to perform only

one particular operation therefore classified
under stage tools.

Progressive tool
A progressive tool differs from a stage tool in
the following respect: in a progressive tool the
final component is obtained by progressing the
sheet metal or strip in more than one stage. At
each stage the tool will progressively shape the
Drawing Tool
component towards its final shape, with the final
stage normally being cutting-off.

Compound tool
The compound tool differs from progressive and stage tools by the arrangement of the punch and die. It is an
inverted tool where blanking and piercing takes place in a single stage and also the blanking punch will act as the
piercing die.

Combination tool
In a combination tool two or more operations such as bending and trimming will be performed simultaneously. Two
or more operations such as forming, drawing, extruding, embossing may be combined on the component with
various cutting operations like blanking, piercing, broaching and cut off takes place- it can perform a cutting and non
cutting operations in a single tool.

General Press tool Construction

The general press tool construction will have following elements:
• Shank: It is used to locate the press tool in press for alignment purpose.
• Top Plate: It is used to hold top half of the press tool with press slide.
• Punch Back Plate : This plate prevents the hardened punches penetrating into top plate.
• Punch Holder: This plate is used to accommodate the punches of press tool.
• Punches : To perform cutting and not cutting operations either plain or profiled punches are used.
• Die Plate: Die plate will have similar profile of the component where cutting dies usually have holes with land
and angular clearance and non cutting dies will have profiles.
• Die Back Plate:This plate prevents the hardened Die inserts penetrating into bottom plate.
• Guide Pillar & Guide Bush : Used for alignment between top and bottom halves of the press tools.
• Bottom plate:It is used to hold bottom half of the press tool with press slide.
• Stripper plate: it is used to strip off the component from punches.
• strip guides: It is used to guide the strip into the press tool to perform the operation.
Types of press tools 4

Cutting force in Press tool

In general cutting force (CF) can be calculated
using formula: CF =L x S x ζmax
cutting force will be in Newton(N) Where, L =
Cut length in mm,(perimeter of profile to be cut)
Ex: 40 mm square to be cut will have cut length
of 160 mm
S = Sheet metal thickness in mm,
ζmax = Maximum shear strength of sheet metal
MPa

Stripping Force Press tool

Stripping force will be usually 10 to 20 % of

cutting force.

Press Force
Press force will be cutting force with stripping force Press Force = Cutting force + Stripping force

Fits in Press Tools

• Punch holder and Punches =H7/k6
• Punch and Stripper = H7/g6
• Guide Pillar and Guide bush = H7/g6
• Guide bush and Top plate = H7/p6
• Guide pillar and bottom plate = H7/p6
• Dowel and plate = H7/m6

References
[1] Cyril Donaldson, George H LeCain, V C Goold, Tool design 3rd edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi.
Article Sources and Contributors 5

Article Sources and Contributors

Types of press tools  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=622315518  Contributors: 220 of Borg, Alan Liefting, Altaïr, AsceticRose, Biscuittin, DoctorKubla, Ekabhishek,
Gravuritas, HMSSolent, JaconaFrere, Jim1138, Katharineamy, KylieTastic, Magioladitis, Mild Bill Hiccup, Penfold20, Pinethicket, PrabhakarPurushothaman, Rasika251, Rich Farmbrough,
SchreiberBike, Vieque, 37 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Blanking Tool.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blanking_Tool.png  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: PrabhakarPurushothaman, Sfan00 IMG
File:Piercing tool.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Piercing_tool.png  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: PrabhakarPurushothaman, Sfan00 IMG
File:Cutoff tool.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cutoff_tool.png  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: PrabhakarPurushothaman, Sfan00 IMG
File:Trimming Tool.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Trimming_Tool.png  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: PrabhakarPurushothaman, Sfan00 IMG
File:Bending_tool.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bending_tool.png  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: PrabhakarPurushothaman, Sfan00 IMG
File:Drawing_tool.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Drawing_tool.png  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: PrabhakarPurushothaman, Sfan00 IMG
File:Press_tool.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Press_tool.png  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: PrabhakarPurushothaman, Sfan00 IMG

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