CONFIDENTIAL EC/APR 2008/ECG523

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE : FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE : ECG523
EXAMINATION : APRIL 2008
TIME : 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of five (5) questions.

2. Answer FOUR (4) questions where Question I and Question 2 are compulsory to be
answered and TWO (2) questions from either Questions 3,4 and 5.

3. Answer questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

5. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:

i) the Question Paper

ii) a three - page Appendix
iii) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 7 printed pages
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CONFIDENTIAL 2 EC/APR 2008/ECG523

QUESTION 1 (Compulsory to be answered)

i) Define the sensitivity of soft clay.

(4 marks)

ii) Describe how the field vane shear test can be used to measure the sensitivity of soft
clay in the field.
(8 marks)

iii) Explain the concept of Electrical Resistivity Method used to determine the sub surface
profile.
(8 marks)

iv) Describe how an undisturbed sample of a cohesive soil can be obtained from a borehole
exploration.
(5 marks)

QUESTION 2 (Compulsory to be answered)

i) Explain the function of a foundation.

(2 marks)

ii) Discuss the factors affecting the selection whether a deep or shallow foundation should
be used for a structure.
(5 marks)

iii) Discuss the criterias to be considered in selecting the type of pile when deep foundation
is required.
(6 marks)

iv) An extension to a hospital wing is required to be constructed without interrupting the

operation of the hospital. The nearest proposed pile point shall be 2.5m from the existing
building line. The soil is loose silty SAND overlain by limestone formation at a depth
ranging from 12m to 25 m below the proposed platform level. Evaluate the factors to be
considered for the pile foundation and propose suitable types of pile and installation
methods that may be used.
(12 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL EC/APR 2008/ECG523

QUESTION 3

i) A footing which support a column load of 1000kN is shown in Figure 1. The Initial void
ratio of the normally consolidated clay layer is 1.02 and its compression index is 0.65.
Estimate the primary consolidation settlement for the clay layer.
(10 marks)

RL 99m

^7 Water Table ^7 Water Table RL 97.5 m

— "__."*' 2tn x2m RL 96 m

Sand and Gravel

y =18.0kN/m3

RL 92.6 m

Normally Consolidated Clay

3

RL 84.2 m

Not ID Scale

Figure 1

ii) A pad footing which is 5m away centre to centre from the above foundation in Q3(i)
settled by 50mm through primary consolidation. Determine the angular distortion for the
columns supported by these two pad footings.
(3 marks)

iii) Discuss the importance of limiting the angular distortion for a building.
(4 marks)

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 CONFIDENTIAL EC/APR 2008/ECG523

iv) The bottom of a pad footing 2.5m by 2.5m is located 2.0m below the ground
surface. The subsoil consists of a uniform deposit of purely cohesive soil with an
unconfined compressive strength equal to 100 kN/m2. The soil's unit weight is
19 kN/m3. The ground water table is 12m below the ground surface. Determine the
ultimate bearing capacity.
(8 marks)

Note: Table of Bearing Capacity Factors is in the Appendix.

QUESTION 4

i) Describe the methods for verification of pile capacity.

(6 marks)

ii) A static pile load test produced the settlement and rebound curves as shown in
Figure 2. The pile is 300 x 300 RC square pile. Determine the working load for this
pile given that the settlement at twice the working load shall not exceed 25mm.

(4 marks)

Load(kN)
500 500 1000

Figure 2

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CONFIDENTIAL EC/APR 2008/ECG523

iii) A pile group consists of nine piles as shown in Figure 3. A column load of 2500kN
acts at point A. Determine the load on piles 1, 6 and 8.
(8 marks)

1 m
Mot to Seal*

Figure 3

iv) A pile group in normally consolidated clay is installed as shown in figure 4.

Determine the consolidation settlement of the pile group.
(7 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL EC/APR 2008/ECG523

5.1 m

o o o
o o o o c
D o o o o 3.9 m

D o o o o
r> o o o o
10,000 kN
I

3.0 m
Wate* Table

20.0 m

Clay!
C t = 0.20
Y - 18.

Clay 2
co-1.06
10.0 m Cc = 0.32
y " 1 8.0

Rock Rock
Rot to Scale

Figure 4

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CONFIDENTIAL 7 EC/APR 2008/ECG523

QUESTION 5

A 20-storey apartment is to be built at a site on Kenny Hill Formation . Use the borehole
information obtained from the Soil Investigation for BH2 as attached in the Appendix to
design the pile group supporting a column with a load of 17000kN. The following details are
to be designed:

a) Pile size and concrete grade

b) Number of piles per pile group
c) Estimated pile length
d) Pile Working load

Assume the pile cut off level is RL 48.354m and the unconfined compressive strength of
the rock core sample is 10.0 MPa.
(25 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1 EC/APR 2008/ECG523

Bearing Capacity Factors

f f We "y

0 1.0 1.00 0.00 26 27.99 14.21 9.84

1 6.00 0.0 0.01 27 29.24 15.90 11.60
2 6.30 1.22 0.04 28 31.61 17.81 13.70
3 62 1.35 0.06 29 34.24 19.98 16.18
4 6.97 1.49 0.10 30 37.16 22.46 19.13
5 7.34 1.64 0.14 31 40.41 25.28 22.65
6 7.73 1.81 0.20 32 44.04 2S.52 26.87
7 8.15 2.00 0.27 33 48.09 32.23 31.94
8 8.60 2.21 0.35 34 52.64 36.50 38.04
9 9.09 2.44 2.44 35 57.75 41.44 45.41
10 9.61 2.69 0,56 36 63.53 47.16 54.36
11 10.16 2.98 0.69 37 70.01 53.80 65.27
12 10.76 3.29 0.85 38 77.50 61.55 78.61
13 11.41 3.63 1.04 39 15.97 70.61 95.03
14 12.11 4.02 1,26 40 95.66 81.27 115.31
15 12.86 4.45 1.52 41 106.81 93.85 140.51
16 13.68 4.92 1.82 42 119.67 108.75 171.99
17 14.60 5.45 2.18 43 134.58 126.50 211.56
15 15.12 6.04 2.59 44 151.95 147.74 261.60
19 16.56 6.70 3.07 45 172.28 173.28 325.34
20 17.69 7.44 3.64 46 196.22 204.19 407.11
21 18.92 8.26 4.31 47 224.55 241.80 512.84
22 20.27 9.19 5.09 48 258.28 287.85 650.67
23 21.75 10,23 6.00 49 298.71 344.63 831.99
24 23.36 11.40 7.08 50 .407.0850 415,14 1072.80
25 25.13 12.72 8.34

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CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 2 EC/APR 2008/ECG523

PROJECT
LOCATION PUTRAJAYA, SELANGOR (PHASE 1B) BOREHOLE NO BH-2
TYPE OF BORING Rotary Wash Boring/Coring STARTING DATE 22/9/1998
TYPE OF R I G . YWE-O90R FINISHING DATE 24/9/1998
HIA. OF BORING 0 0875m (NW) R. LEVEL (m) 48.354 WATER LEVEL 3.20mb.g.l
W.Level Drilling Depth Sample & Test Rec RU(J Legend Description
Time eM) Method (W) [Number Result (W)
T33oTir3 Uy 0,000 XXX lopsoil:yellowish brown, rJayey S l u with
X--X little sand.
X. .X 0.5Om
- xx xT
XXX
1.000 X--X
X X
1.500 SPT1/ 1,0,1.0,1,0 xxxx Veiy soft, yellowish brown, clayey sandy
DS1 ti-2 j xoox SILT with a trace of gravel.
1.950 Rec=0. 32/0 .45 71 X - -X
2.000 X X
- xxxx
xoox
X--X
X X
3 000 UO1 Rec= 0 27W 60 • 54 xxxx - Ditto •
XXX
3.500 SPT2/ I t 0,1.0,1 2 X -X
DS2 , N=4 X X • Ditto
'.
,'
3960
4.000
Rec-0 2S/0 45
3« X 0 X

X--X
soft 4 .00m •

•
4.500 SPT3/ 1 2.1,2,1,2 X X Soft, yellowish brown, clayey sandy SILT

i- 4 950
DS3
I- xxxx
XXX
with a trace of gravel.

NW

,-
5.000
n
! , i
xoox
X X X K

i . xx
X - X •
5.50m

• I X X
6.000 SP T 4/ 3,2 .2,1,2,3 [ xxxx Soft to firm, yellow, grey, brown, clayey sandy
1600hre 2 .80m DS4 SILT with a trace of Gravel.
"SOT 993 13 450 Rec=0. 30K>45
«!
<•-, 67 X
XX
X
i
0920hrs 2.84m i xxxx
: x oo x 7 00m
1
'- 7 flflO i
X X
7
. 500 SPT& 22.2.3.3,2 [ xxxx Firm, grey, yellow, slightly clayey sandy SILT.
DS5
1
N=10 i XX
• 7 950 Rec=0.27/0 .45 j 50 X- X
. 8 000
r •

, i
x

tun
xx
x

1 ,
1 ; X --
j j X X
L
,- 9 000 SPW \ 3.5 6,7,8.9 ] xxxx Very stiff, yellow, arey, slighlry clayey sandy
=
DS6 N 33 •i xoox SILT,
! 9 .450i Rec=0 3W0 45 HH 67 X - -X
1
i . X
x x x x

10.000 x o o x 'O.CCrr
Catiesive 0-4 = Vsofl Legend Remarks
soil (N) 4-8 = Soft Standard Penetration Test * •

8-15 - Firm
15 3 = SDH Undistuibed Sample 3
30- 50 = eryStiff
>50 =H Hard Mazier Sample i
Non o J V V -loose
Cohesive J 1
0 - Loose jarte S l a r Test V
Soil (N) 10 3 -M Msd Gerst
30 5 ~ Dense
»» = V dense
P
ressiirenieier Test i
SS 5930 1981 LtSlttD SOlLEHGIIiEERlHG 3I3N ghD I66433-.

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CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 3 EC/APR 2008/ECG523

ROJECT
BOREHOLE NO BH-2
STARTING DATE
FINISHING DATE 2WIS9B
WATER LEVEL 3.20mb.q.l
Description

Very stiff, brown, yellow, grey, sandy dayey

SILT.

11.50m•

Hard, brawn, gtey. dayey sandy SILT with

a trace of gravel.

- Ditto -
slightly clayey sandy SILT.

j Encountered Rock Formation At 14.400m

L—-J
! = = == 8 rown, medium grey, moderately weathered,
7 ' SHALE, weak.

END OF BOREHOLE AT 15,900m

19.000

20.000
Lonesive U -4 V sen Legend
soil (N) Soft Standard Penetration Tes
a.iE Firm
Stiff Undisturbed Sample
30-50 Very StH
M
azier Sample
Non a-4 '/ :3CSe
Cohesive
\
Soil (N) 1 * • " : 'eo censs

:
-ssfflfl ••p'eia "sst
UNITED SOIL ENGINEERING SON. BHO. (69488-V1

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