Bar magnet

It have two pole

It is made of many tiny magnet
The pole’s can never be separated or say monopole do not exist
North pole is similar to +ve charge i.e. field line are away from it
South pole is similar to -ve charge i.e. field line are towards it
Actual distance of pole is 6/7 of bar magnet(84% of total length)

Gangwar - ERDR 6
INDEX
Pole strength is proportional to area of face

+ + + /2

Gangwar - ERDR 7
INDEX
Magnetic field line
 Direction is from North to south outside the magnet
 Direction is from South to North inside the magnet
 Tangent to the line will give direction of magnetic field
 Two line can never intersect each other if they do then
then we will have to direction of magnetic field which
is not possible
 They are closed loop
 Magnetic field lines can do in and out at any angle
 Uniform magnetic field is conservative
 Non-uniform magnetic field is conservative
 Time varying magnetic field is non-conservative

Gangwar - ERDR 8
INDEX
Bar magnet- Magnetic dipole moment
 For bar magnet =

+    
∝          

Gangwar - ERDR 9
INDEX
 ′ 2
=

2
′=
=
+ −
2
= ′=
′= 2
2
2 2 2 ′=

Gangwar - ERDR 10
INDEX
Current carrying loop Magnetic dipole moment
•For current carrying loop
•Direction and magnitude
•Based on vector addition
•For N turns of current carrying loop
•For solenoid, toroid

Gangwar - ERDR 11
INDEX
Rotating charge Magnetic dipole moment
•For a charged rotating body (direction
and magnitude)
•Bohr magneton
•Quanta of magnetic moment

Gangwar - ERDR 12
INDEX
Similarity with electrostatics
 Force between two magnetic pole  Force
= , =
= =

Magnetic field

 Magnetic pole
+ →
− →

Gangwar - ERDR 13
INDEX
 Permittivity and permeability (define also)

1
=   =  
4 4

= = 10       (1 )
4
In medium In medium

1 1 = =
= = 4 4
4 4

→ → ≥0
≥1

Gangwar - ERDR 14
INDEX
 Gauss law:  Magnetic flux

. = = . = .

. =        
 Magnetic flux density

. = 0             

   

Gangwar - ERDR 15
INDEX
 Axial point filed due to bar magnet  Field at any point due to dipole
2 2 tan
= = = 1 + 3cos tan =
2
tan
 Equatorial point field due to bar magnet = 1 + 3cos tan =
2
− −
= =

= −2
 Angle at which M and B are perpendicular
= −2
tan = 2

Gangwar - ERDR 16
INDEX
 Force in external field  Potential energy of bar magnet  Torque in external field
= − . cos
= ×
= . = . = − . cos
= ×

•Constant field
−
=0
=0 = 180
•Force on one dipole due to another
1
∝
=2

Gangwar - ERDR 17
INDEX
 =2
1⁄8  

=2
2
1⁄2  
1⁄2  

=2  

1⁄2  

Gangwar - ERDR 18
INDEX
Both magnet are identical and have time period T find time
period of the combination

2 

=2 2 

2 

Gangwar - ERDR 19
INDEX
Biot-savart law
⃗× ⃗
=

Direction from ⃗× ⃗

⃗ sin
=

Why we study magnetic field of current carrying wire not charge

Gangwar - ERDR 20
INDEX
Home-work
Similarity and difference with electric field

Gangwar - ERDR 21
INDEX
Ampere’s circuital law (incorrect in varying Electric filed)
Sign convention
. = If current and loop snecse are in
same direction then +ve
otherwise -ve

   
     
2 3 2
+ + +− + − +

+ −

Gangwar - ERDR 22
INDEX
    .

Gangwar - ERDR 23
INDEX