4-Magnetic Effect 2021

Bagdi Magnetic Effect of CurrentPage 1 of 27 Bagdi
Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi


OERSTED EXPERIMENT: -Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted in 1820 discovered a connection
between electricity and magnetism. During a lecture demonstration he observed that a magnetic compass needle
aligned itself perpendicular to a current carrying wire. When direction of current in the wire was reversed, the
direction of the needle was also reversed. He concluded that a magnetic field is associated with an electric current.
If the current is strong then magnetic field produced is strong.
When electric current passes through a conductor, magnetic field is produced around the conductor, this effect of
current is known as magnetic effect of current.

Direction of magnetic field in a conductor is given by following rules-

1. AMPERS SWIMMING RULE: -If a person is swimming over a conductor with his face downward along the
direction of current, then the north pole of magnetic needle will be deflected towards his left.
2. RIGHT HANDS THUMB RULE: -If we hold a current carrying conductor in the grip of right hand palm so that
the thumb represent the direction of current. Then the magnetic field is along the fingers, i.e. magnetic field is
perpendicular to the conductor.
3. MAXWELLS CORKS SCREW RULE:If a right-hand screw is rotated such that the screw moves in the
direction of flow of current, then direction of rotation of thumb gives the direction of magnetic field.
4. Right hand palm rule:If we stretch our right hand such that fingers point towards the point. At which magnetic
field is required while thumb is in the direction of current then normal to the palm will show the direction of magnetic
field.
Meaning of Cross  and dot  :If magnetic field is directed perpendicular and into the plane of the paper it is
represented by  (cross) while if magnetic field is directed perpendicular and out of the plane of the paper it is
represented by  (dot). i
CW
i
i i ACW
B B B B
In : Magnetic field is away from the observer or perpendicular inwards. Out In In Out In Out
Out : Magnetic field is towards the observer or perpendicular outwards.
BIOT - SAVART Law (Amperes theorem or Laplace law): -Jean Bapliste Biot and Felix Savart derived an
expression for magnetic field due to a current element AB of length dl of the conductor XY carrying current I. If P
is any point with position vector OP = r,  is the angle between length element and position vector.
According to Biot Savart law magnetic field dB at P depends on –
1. Length of element B  dl -- -- -- --(1)
2. Current flowing in the conductor. B  I -- -- - -- (2)
3. Sine of angle  between r and dl B  sin  - - - -(3)
4.Distance ‘r’ of the point from the conductor. B  1 / r 2 - -(4)
𝐼 𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Combining eq1, 2, 3, 4 𝑑𝐵 𝑟 2
𝜇0 𝐼 𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝐵 = It is called mathematical form of Biot Savart law
4𝜋 𝑟2
𝜇 𝐼 𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛0
Case –1 When  = 0, 𝑑𝐵 = 4𝜋0 𝑟 2 = 0 .
So magnetic field on the points, which lies on the conductor, is zero.
 I dl Sin 90
Case – 2. When,  = 90, dB  0
4 r2
So magnetic field will be maximum at a point which is perpendicular to dl.
𝜇0 𝐼 𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜇0 𝐼 𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑟
⃗ =
Vector Form: -𝑑𝐵 𝑟̂ ⇒ ⃗ =
𝑑𝐵
4𝜋
 𝑟2 4𝜋 𝑟2 𝑟
 I dl Sin  r 0
dB  0 Here  107 Tm / A is a proportionality constant,
4 r3 4
 0  4   10 7 Tm / A is called permeability of vacuum or free
Direction of magnetic field will be perpendicular to both dl and r and is given by right hand rule .

Magnetic field due to long straight conductor: - Consider a straight long conductor XY carrying
current I from X to Y. If P is a point at distance r from the conductor and AB is an infinitesimally small current
element of length dl . Let AP = r and.
𝜇0 𝐼 𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
(I)From Biot Svart law magnetic field at P is 𝑑𝐵 = - - - - - (1)
4𝜋 𝑟2
𝐴𝑁
𝐼𝑛 𝛥𝐴𝑁𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = Putting value in eq1
𝑑𝑙
 0 I dl AN  0 I AN
dB  dB     (2)
4  r 2 dl 4  r2
(II) In ANP Tan d = AN / r .
If Tan d  0 then Tan d = d =AN/ r Putting An = r d in eq2
 I r d  I
dB  0 dB  0 d     (3)
4 r 2
4 r
(III) In AOP cos  = a / r
Hence r = a / cos  putting value in eq3
𝜇 𝐼 𝜇 𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙
𝑑𝐵 = 4𝜋0 𝑎/𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝑑𝜙 ⇒ 𝑑𝐵 = 4𝜋0 𝑎 𝑑𝜙
Total magnetic field at P due to whole length of
the conductor.
𝜙2 𝜙2
𝜇0 𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝑑𝜙
𝐵 = ∫ 𝑑𝐵 = ∫ ⇒𝐵
−𝜙1 −𝜙1 4𝜋 𝑎
𝜇0 𝐼 𝜙2
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝑑𝜙
4𝜋 𝑎 −𝜙1
𝜇0 𝐼 𝜇0 𝐼
𝐵= [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙]𝜙2
−𝜙1 = 𝐵 =
[𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜙2 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝜙1 )]
4𝜋 𝑎 4𝜋 𝑎
𝜇 𝐼
𝐵 = 4𝜋0 𝑎 [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙1 ]
Its direction is given by right hand rule
Special case—If conductor is infinite long, then
𝜙2 = 𝜙1 ≅ 90[𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛90 ≅ 1]
𝜇 𝐼 𝜇 𝐼
𝐵 = 0 [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙1 ] = 0 [1 + 1]
4𝜋 𝑎 4𝜋 𝑎 Y
0 I
Hence B  tesla (T).
2a
For a wire of semi-infinite length : When the linear conductor is of infinite length and the i
point P lies near the end Y or X.  1  90 o and  2  0 o So, B  0 i [sin 90 o  sin 0 o ]  0 i X
P
4 r 4 r
(4) For axial position of wire : When point P lies on axial position of current icarrying conductor then magnetic field
at P is B = 0 P
Magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular coil carrying current: - Consider a circular coil of
radius ‘r’ carrying current I in clockwise direction. The coil has ‘n’ turns and plane of coil is perpendicular to the
plane of paper. Let P is a point on the axis of the coil at distance OP = a, from its center. Consider two element ABC
and ABC each of length dl diametrically opposite.
 
Magnetic field at P due to the length element will be dB1 and dB2 but having same magnitude dB.
 I dl sin
From Biot Savart law. dB  0 . Magnetic field has two component,
4 r2
(1) dB sin along the axis. dB sin Components are equal but in same direction. Effective value of magnetic
field at P due to element ABC is dB`= dB sin .
(2) dBcos perpendicular to the axis. dBcos Components are equal but opposite hence cancel out each other.

0 I dl sin 90
So dB'   sin  From POB putting value of sin 
4 BP 2
0 I dl r
  Hence magnetic field due to one complete turn
4  2 2
 r  a  r 2  a2
2
 
0 I dl r
B   dB   4  r  a2
2

r  a2
2
0 I r
B
4 r a
2 2

r  a2
2  dl
0 Ir
 dl  2  r = Total length of one turn. B
4  r 2  a 2 3 / 2
2 r
Magnetic field at P due to ‘N’ turn of the coil.

 N I r2
B 0 2

2 r  a 2 3/ 2  along PZ.
Case-1 :Magnetic field at the center of the coil O , i.e. a = 0 so

0 N I r 2 0 N I
B B

2 r 0
2 2 3/ 2
 2r
Case-2 :If the point lies far away from the coil i.e. r < a so r 2 << a 2 Hence neglecting r 2.
0 N I r 2 0 N I r 2
B 
  Hence magnetic field at a point on axis of a circular coil B - - -(1)
2 a2 3/ 2 2a 3
3/2
B centre  x2 
Case3: The ratio of magnetic field at the centre of circular coil and on it's axis is given by  1  2 
B axis  r 
Case4: B-x curve : The variation of magnetic field due to a circular coil as the distance
x varies as shown in the figure.
A A
B varies non-linearly with distance x as shown in figure and is maximum when B0
𝑥 2 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0, i.e., the point is at the centre of the coil and it is zero at x =  .
Point of inflection (A and A) : x = – r/2 x=0 x = r/2
Also known as points of curvature change or points of zero curvature.
d 2B
(i) At these points B varies linearly with x  dB
 constant  0.
dx dx 2
4  0 Ni
(ii) These are located at x 
r from the centre of the coil and the magnetic field at x 
r is B
2 2 5 5r
Current Loop and Magnetic Dipole Moment: – Magnetic field at axial line of a bar magnet is
 2M 0 2 M  NI A
B  0 - - - - (2) Comparing eq1 & eq2  0
4 a 3
4 a 3
2  a3

Dipole moment M N I A
Magnetic field at the center of a circular coil: -Consider a coil of radius ‘r` having ‘n’ turn ,
through which current I is flowing. Consider a small element of length dl . According to Biot Savart law magnetic
field due to this length element at center O is
𝜇 𝐼 𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝐵 = 4𝜋0 𝑟 2
Total magnetic field due to one loop
𝜇0 𝐼 𝑑𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛90
𝐵 = ∫ 𝑑𝐵 = ∫
4𝜋 𝑟2
Hence total magnetic field due to n turns,
0 I 0 n I  2  r
4  r2 
B  N  dl 
4 r2
0 N I
Hence B  Its direction is
2r
perpendicularly outward from paper.
MAGNETIC FIELD AT THE CENTER OF A CURRENT CARRYING ARC:

The magnetic field due to the current element d l is
  
  i d r  0 id  sin
dB  0
. = 2 ( As d  r)
4 r3
4r 2
 0i
= d  ( where d  = rd)
4r

 0i  i
B arc   d  0 
4r 4r
0
Where the angle  is measured in radian.
Condition Figure Magnetic field
i
Arc subtends angle  at the centre B

0  i
.
4 r
 r
i
O
Arc subtends angle (2 – ) at the B

0 (2   ) i
.
O r 4 r
centre i

0 i 0 i
B . 
4 r 4r
Semi-circular arc O r
 
 2   i
 3 0 i
B 0 .
2
Three quarter semi-circular current r 
O 4 r 8r
carrying arc
0 2i 0 i
B 
4 r 2r
r
Circular current carrying arc O
i
Concentric co-planer circular loops r2 0 1 1
r1 B1  2i   
4  r1 r2 
carries current in the same
direction

Bagdi Magnetic Effecti of CurrentPage 8 of 27 Bagdi
i
r2
Concentric co-planer circular loops r1
carries current in the opposite 0 1 1 
B2  2i  
direction 4  r1 r2 
B2
i1 
B  B12  B 22
Concentric loops but their planes
0
are perpendicular to each other  i12  i22
B1 2r
 i2
B2
i1 
Concentric loops but their planes 
are at an angle  with each other

B1
 i2 B
B12  B22
 2 B1 B2 cos 
Distribution of current across the

diameter O B=0
i
Distribution of current between
any two points on the
O
circumference
B=0
AMEPRE`S CIRCUITAL LAW – Statement-“The line integral of magnetic field (B) around anyclosed

path in vacuum is equal to 𝜇0 times the current (I) through the area bounded by the curve”.  . d l  0 I
B
Proof Consider a straight long conductor XY in which current I is flowing.
Consider a circle of radius r with O as center. Magnetic field at P due to the straight wire is
𝜇 𝐼
𝐵 = 2 𝜋0 𝑟 -- -- -- -- -- (1)
 
 . d l   B dl Cos 0  B  dl  1
B
All point on the circumference of the circle r is, so B is constant in
magnitude and parallel to length element dl. From eq1
 
∮𝐵⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = 𝜇0 𝐼 × 2𝜋𝑟
2𝜋𝑟  . d l  0 I
B
Application of Ampere Circuital Law:
(1) Magnetic Field Due To Straight Conductor Carrying
Current:Consider a long straight conductor carrying current I in the direction shown in Fig. It is desired to find
the magnetic field B at a point P at a perpendicular distance r from the conductor. The magnetic lines of force are
concentric circles centred at the conductor. Consider a circle of radius r as the closed path. The magnitude of
 
magnetic field is the same everywhere on this closed path. The angle between B and dl is 0°
everywhere on this path. Therefore, applying Ampere’s circuital law to this closed path, we
 
have,  B . dl   0 I
C
 B dl Cos 0  B  dl  1   0 I OR B  2 r   0 I
C C
0 I
B 
Hence
2 r

(2) Magnetic Field of a Solenoid: –A solenoid is a long wire wound in a close packed helix and carrying a
current.
Insulated long wire wound on an insulated tube of plastic paper etc, is called a solenoid. Its length l is very large as
compare to its radius. Due to current magnetic field set up around the solenoid .In side the solenoid is uniform and
parallel to its length. Out side the solenoid magnetic field is almost zero. Consider a rectangle of length L.
 
Line integral of magnetic field over close path ABCD is  B . d l  B  dl  B L - - - - - -(1)
 
From Ampere’s circuital law.  B . d l   0 I
 
  . dl   0  Total current through ABCD   0  no of turn in rec tan gle  I
B
 B . d l   0 n L I - - - - - (2) ( n- no of turn per unit length ) Comparing eq1 & eq2
Hence magnetic field at a point inside the solenoid at the center B  0 n I .

1
Magnetic field at the end of the solenoid B  0 n I .
2
Clock Rule (N-S) rule:-If we look at a face of the coil and current flowing in the coil is in anticlockwise direction
then this face of the coil is north pole. If we look at the other face of the coil current will flow in the coil is in
clockwise direction and this face of the coil is south pole.
(3) Magnetic Field Due To Toroid : –Toroid is an endless solenoid in the form of ring. Consider a
solenoid of n turns per unit length having current I. From Ampere`s circuital law
 
 . d l  0 I
B
 B dl Cos 0    Total current through the circles of radius r   [2  r  n ] I

0 0
B  dl   2  r n  I
0 ( n- no of turn per unit length )
B  2  r   0 2  r n  I B  0 n I
Note that it is the same expression as for an air-cored solenoid. This is not surprising
because a toroid is a solenoid in the form of a ring.
(i) Note that magnetic field inside the toroid is independent of the radius of the toroid. It
is because magnetic field is only confined to inside the toroid.
(ii) The magnetic field inside a toroid is constant and is always tangent to the field lines.
(iii) If the toroid is iron-cored of relative permeability r , then magnitude of magnetic field inside the toroid is
B  0 r n I   n I
Magnetic Field Due to a Cylindrical Wire:
Magnetic field due to a cylindrical wire is obtained by the application of Ampere's law
(1) Outside the cylinder P P
In all above cases magnetic field outside the wire at P
r
 B.dl   0 i  B  dl  0i  B  2r  0i  Bout   0 i
R R
2r i i
In all the above cases  i

Bsurface  0
2R
(A) Solid cylinder (B) Thin hollow cylinder
(2) Inside the hollow cylinder : Magnetic field inside the hollow cylinder is zero.
P
B0
r
B=0 B=0 R1
i
R2
(A) Thin hollow cylinder (B) Thick hollow cylinder (C) Thick hollow cylinder

(3) Inside the solid cylinder : Current enclosed by loop (i) is lesser then the total current (i)
 r2 
Current density is uniform i.e. J = J  i'  i 
A'
 i  2 

A R  R r r Loop
Hence at inside point  Bin . d l  0 i'   ir
B 0 . 2
2 R
Loop i
A' (r 2  R12 )
(4) Inside the thick portion of hollow cylinder : Current enclosed by loop is given as i'  i   i 2
A (R 2  R12 )
Q
Q
0i (r  R12 )
2 Loop
Hence at point Q  B. d l   0 i'  B .
2r (R22  R12 ) i
R1
R 2
(5) Magnetic Field Due to an Infinite Sheet Carrying Current:
The figure shows an infinite sheet of current with linear current density j (A/m). Due to symmetry the field line pattern
above and below the sheet is uniform. Consider a square loop of side l as shown in the figure.
B
 B.dl   B.dl   B.dl   B.dl  0i (By Ampere’s law)
b c d a
P
a b c d
c d
Since B  dl along the path b  c and d  a, i
l
c a
therefore,  B.dl  0 ;  B.dl  0
b d
Also, B || dl along the path a  b and c  d, thus b l a

b a
a
B.dl  
d
B.dl  2 Bl
The current enclosed by the loop is i = jl. Therefore, according to Ampere’s law 2 Bl  0 ( jl) or 0 j
B
2
FORCE ON A MOVING CHARGE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD-(LARENTZ FORCE):Dutch
physicist Hendric Antoon Larentz observed that a charged particle +q moving with velocity V in a magnetic field
B experience a force called Larentz magnetic force. If angle between B and V is ‘’ is magnitude of force F
depends on
1. Force is directly proportional to Charge q of the particle. F  q - - - -(1)

2. Force is directly proportional to component of velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field F  v sin  - --(2).
3. Force is directly proportional to Magnitude of the magnetic field. F  B - -(3)
Combining eq 1, 2, & 3. F  q v B Sin 
F = q v B sin  Here proportionality constant k = 1
𝐹 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑛̂ ⇒ 𝐹 = 𝑞(𝑣 × 𝐵 ⃗) Where n̂ is a unit vector which gives direction of force F, it is
perpendicular to the direction of both v and B. The direction of force is given by Fleming`s left hand rule.
Statement—Stretch the forefinger, middle finger, and thumb of left hand mutually perpendicular to each other. If
magnetic field is along fore finger, velocity along middle finger then force will be along the direction of thumb.
WORK DONE BY THE MAGNETIC FORCE:Since the direction of magnetic force is
perpendicular to the direction of motion, no work is done by it on the particle and hence there is no
change in the kinetic energy or the speed of the particle. The magnetic force only changes  = 0o
the
direction of motion. q v
Case 1. If  = 0 or 180 then F=q v Bsin0 = 0 minimum, i.e. B
q
If charge particle move along (parallel) the field B then force on charge will be 0
 = 180o
Case 2. If  =90 , F= q v Bsin 90 = q v B = maximum.
If charge particle move per. to the field then force will be maximum.
One tesla is S.I unit of magnetic field intensity. If q = 1C , v =1m/sec,  = 90 and F = 1 N
F = q v BSin90 So 1=11B
So B =1 tesla. If a one coulomb charge moving with velocity 1m/sec perpendicular to a field experience a force of
one Newton then intensity of field is one Tesla.
C.G.S unit is Gauss (G) or Oersted. 1 T = 10000 G or 1 G = 10  4 T
Laboratory magnet can produce magnetic field of 2.5T, magnetic field of earth is about 1G. Superconducting
magnets can generate magnetic field of 25 T.
Trajectory Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field :
Case I: If the direction of v is parallel or antiparallel to B, 0 = 0º or 180º, and therefore
F = 0. Hence the trajectory of the particle is a straight line.

Case II. If 𝑉 ⃗ is perpendicular to B ,  = 90º and the force has the maximum value: Fmax  B q v

The direction of this force is always perpendicular to the direction of V Therefore; the trajectory of
× × × × × ×
the particle is a circle. v + v
× × × × × × ×
(i) In this case path of charged particle is circular and magnetic force provides the
× × × × × × ×
mv 2 + +
 radius of path mv p 2mK 1 2 mV F
necessary centripetal force i.e. qvB  r    × × × × × × ×
r qB qB qB B q
× × × × × × ×
where p = momentum of charged particle and K = kinetic energy of charged particle (gained by +
v charged
×particle
v
× × × × × ×
after accelerating through potential difference V) then p  mv  2mK  2mqV

2m
(ii) If T is the time period of the particle then T (i.e., time period (or frequency) is independent of speed).
qB
Case III. If the particle velocity makes an angle 𝜃 with the field such that   0º or 90º, the

particle moves in a helix. The reason is that the component 𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 which is perpendicular to B
makes the particular to move in a circle, and the component 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 which is parallel to be makes it
to move in a straight line. The superposition of the two motions is a helix.
𝑚(𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
(i) The radius of this helical path is 𝑟 = 𝑞𝐵
(ii) Time period and frequency do not depend on velocity and so they
are given by
2𝜋𝑚 𝑞𝐵
𝑇= and 𝜈 =
𝑞𝐵 2𝜋𝑚
(iii) The pitch of the helix, (i.e., linear distance travelled in one
rotation) will be given by
𝑚
𝑝 = 𝑇(𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) = 2𝜋 𝑞𝐵 (𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
(iv) If pitch value is p, then number of pitches obtained in length l
𝑙
given as Number of pitches  l and time required 𝑡 = 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
p
 
Lorentz Force: a charge q moves in a region where both an electric field E and magnetic filed B
are present, the resultant force acting on it is called the Lorentz force    
F  q( E  V  B)
Depending on the directions of v, E and B following situations are possible
(i) When v, E and B all the three are collinear : In this situation the magnetic force on it will be zero
 and only
  E
 F qE
electric force will act and so a  q
v
m m 
B
The particle will pass through the field following a straight-line path (parallel field) with change in its speed. So in
this situation speed, velocity, momentum and kinetic energy all will change without change in direction of motion
y 
as shown E
(iii) v , E and B are mutually perpendicular: In this situation if E and B are such that Fe
+q +q
v x
F  Fe  Fm  0i.e., a  (F / m)  0

as shown in figure, the particle will pass through the field with same velocity, without any deviation
B in path.Fm
z
And in this situation, as Fe  Fm i.e., qE  qvB v  E / B
This principle is used in ‘velocity-selector’ to get a charged beam having a specific velocity.
Force on a current carrying conductor placed in magnetic field –If conductor of length l , area of cross section
A placed in uniform magnetic field B making angle  with ‘B’ .Electrons move with velocity ‘v` opposite to
current with so they experience a force F1 = q (vd B Sin ) = e ( vd  B Sin )
Volume of conductor is V=Al and free electron density ‘n’ then
Total number of electrons in conductor N= n V = n A l.
So force acting on the conductor F = N F1= (n A l) ( e vd B Sin  )

F = B ( vd e n A ) l Sin  Since current I = v d e n A
  
F = B I l Sin  F  I (l  B )

Where direction of l is same as direction of current. It is called Lorentz magnetic force. F is perpendicular to both
current and magnetic field. Direction of force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule.
Statement—Stretch the forefinger, middle finger, and the thumb of left hand mutually perpendicular to each other.
If magnetic field is along fore finger, current along middle finger then force will be along the direction of thumb.
Case-1  = 0 - If conductor is parallel to the field force is F = B I l Sin 0 = 0 ,minimum.
Case-2 If  = 90 -If conductor is perpendicular to the field force is F = B I l Sin 90 = B I l ( maximum.)
Force between Two Prallel Conductor Carrying Current –Consider two long conductor A
& B placed parallel to each other at distance ‘r’ apart carrying current I1 and I2 respectively in same direction.
As current I2 flows in conductor A magnetic field produce around it . Magnetic field at point P on conductor B due
 I
to A is B2  0 2   (1)
2 r
Its direction is perpendicular to the paper and downwards (right hand palm rule). The conductor B of length ‘l’ lies
in magnetic field B2 carrying current I1 so it experience Lorentz magnetic force
 I I l
F 1 = B 2 I 1 l Sin90 Hence from eq1 F1  0 1 2     (2)
2 r
Similarly I 1current flowing in conductor B produce magnetic field around it. At point Q magnetic field B1 produce
perpendicularly outward to the
paper.
𝜇0 𝐼1
𝐵1 = 2𝜋𝑟 − − − −(3)
The conductor A length ‘l’ lies in
magnetic field B1 carrying I2
current so it experience Lorentz
magnetic force F 2 = B 1 I 2 l Sin 90
Hence from eq3
 I I l
F2  0 1 2   (4)
2 r
From eq2 & eq4 F 1 = F 2
 I I
Force per unit length of the wire F  0 1 2 N/m
2r
According to Fleming’s left-hand rule force act towards each other i.e. two parallel conductor carrying current in
same direction attract each other. If direction of current is opposite then they repel each other.
Standard Ampere: - If I 1 = 1A , I 2 = 1 A & r = 1 m
 I I 4   10  7 11
F  0 1 2   F  2  10  7 N / m
2r 2  1
One ampere is the amount of current, which when passes through two parallel infinite long straight conductor
placed in free space at a distance of one meter from each other, produces a force of F  2  10  7 N / m between
them. It is also called standard ampere.
Standard Cases For Force on Current T A B T
B
Case 1 : When an arbitrary current carrying loop placed in a d
B R
O
magnetic field ( to the plane of loop), each element of loop
experiences a magnetic force due to which loop stretches and
open into circular loop and tension developed in it’s each part.
Case 2 : Equilibrium of a current carrying conductor :
l Fixed i1
When a finite length current carrying wire is kept parallel to Movable
another infinite length current carrying wire, it can suspend freely X i2 Y
h h
in air as shown below i2
In both the situations for equilibrium of XY it's downward Movable
Fixed i1 X Y
l
μ0 2 i1i 2
weight = upward magnetic force i.e. mg  . .l +
4π h –
Spring Spring
Case 3 : Current carrying spring : If current is passed through K
a spring, then it will contract because current will flow through all
m Hg
the turns in the same direction.
Case 4 : Tension less strings : In the following figure the If current makes to flow through If switch is closed then current start
spring, then spring will contract and flowing, spring will execute oscillation in
value and direction of current through the conductor XY so weight lift up vertical plane
that strings becomes tensionless? String
Strings becomes tensionless if weight of conductor XY balanced × × × × × × ×  Fm
by magnetic force (Fm ) . B
× × × × × × × i
Hence direction of current is from X  Y and in balanced condition×T × × l× × × T
×
X Y
X m Y
Fm  mg  B i l  mg  i 
mg
× × × × × × ×
Bl mg
× × × ×
Case 5 : Sliding of conducting rod on inclined rails : When a conducting rod slides on conducting rails.
X
F cos
In the following situation conducting rod (X, Y) slides at i R
v i F 
Insulated
constant velocity if mg sin

stand
Y
i 
+

  mg mg
F cos   mg sin  B i l cos  mg sin B tan   –
il
TORQUE ON A CURRENT LOOP IN A UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD: – Consider a

rectangular loop of length ‘l’ and breadth ‘b’ carrying current ‘I’. The
loop is suspended in magnetic field of intensity ‘B’ such that area vector of
coil makes an angle  with B .Let force acting on arms AB, BC, CD, DA
are F1, F2, F3, F4 respectively due to magnetic field B.
F1 = F3 = B I l Sin (90 - )
Since they are equal but opposite so they cancel out each other. Both
forces are acting on same line
(perpendicular distance is zero) hence no torque produce by them.
F2 = F4 = B I l Sin 90 - - - -(1)
Since they are equal but opposite so they cancel out each other. Both
forces are acting on different line hence torque produce by them is
Torque = Force  Perpendicular distance
So  = B I l  (BE)
In  AEB’ Sin = BE / l Hence BE = b Sin
So  = ( BI l) b Sin = BI A Sin
Where A = l × b is area of the coil. Total torque on a coil of n turns is
 = B I n A Sin Magnetic dipole moment M = n I A, so
 = M B Sin
Direction of torque is given by right hand rule i.e. perpendicular to both M & B.
MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER- Electric instrument, which is used to measure and detect electric
current, is called galvanometer.
Principle- A current carrying conductor placed in magnetic field experience a force F = B I l Sin.
Due to this force, torque on the loop is  = B I N A Sin .
Construction – It consist of a rectangular coil ABCD of insulated copper wire wound on a non-magnetic frame
(brass). The coil has large number if turn N. The coil is suspended by a phosphorous bronze (alloy) strip or quartz
fiber from a movable torsion head between two pole pieces N & S pole of a strong and permanent horse shoe
magnet. A hair spring of phosphorus bronze is attached to lower end of the coil .The current enters through torsion
head and passing through the fiber, coil & hair spring. A small light concave (plane) mirror is attached to the lower
portion of the fiber to measure reading by lamp and scale arrangement.
In the coil a cylinder of soft iron called core is placed. Soft iron is a ferromagnetic substance so it concentrates the
lines of force and make strong and uniform magnetic field in the gap (coil). The whole arrangement is fitted in a
plastic or ebonite case, to avoid disturbance due to air.
THEORY-Consider the length and breadth of the coil is l & b so area of coil is A= l  b. First level the instrument
by leveling the screw so that the coil can rotate freely by touching the poles. As current ‘I’ passes through the coil,
force F=B I l experience by the segment. Deflecting torque experienced by
the coil is def = B I N A sin90 - - - - (1)
Due to this torque the coil gets deflected, the suspension fiber is twisted which restoring couple  r in opposite
direction. Restoring torque res = C  - - - - - (2)
Where C is restoring torque per unit angular twist,  angular twist in the fiber.
In equilibrium position the deflecting torque and restoring torque are equal but opposite. The position of coil can
be measured by measuring he deflection of bright circular spot on semitransparent scale of plastic by mirror, lamp
and scale arrangement from eq1 & 2 res = def  BINA=C
𝐶
𝐼 = (𝐵𝑁𝐴)  ⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑘
𝐶
Where 𝐵𝑁𝐴 = k is called galvanometer constant.
Hence deflection is directionally proportional to current through the coil.
WORKING – Level the instrument by leveling the screw .The torsion head is so adjusted that the coil hangs freely
without touching the poles. A lamp is mounted on a stand &a fine beam of light is focused on the mirror M. The
reflected beam is received on the 100 cm long semitransparent scale S mounted on the vertical stand .As current
passes through the coil , the coil get deflected and mirror also get deflected .The bright circular spot moves over the
scale . The deflection of the coil and hence current can be measured.
CURRENT SENSITIVITY- Current sensitivity Is = 1 / k
𝜙 𝐵𝑁𝐴
𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼 = 𝐶 rad / sec If I = 1 Amp, then current sensitivity Is =  .
Deflection produce in a galvanometer when 1 Amp current flows through it is called current sensitivity.
  𝐵𝑁𝐴
VOLTAGE SENSITIVITY – 𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 ⇒  = 𝐶𝑅
Deflection produced in a galvanometer when 1volt p.d. is applied across the terminal of galvanometer is called
Voltage sensitivity of the galvanometer.
RADIAL MAGNETIC FIELD – If we use horseshoe magnet, the magnetic lines
of force originate from, N-pole crowded into the soft iron and terminate at S-pole.
The direction of magnetic field (i.e. lines) with in the air, gap are along the radii of
the pole pieces, then it is called radial magnetic field. In this magnetic field the
coil always remain parallel to the direction of B for all its position i.e. the angle
between the plane of coil and the magnetic field is 90 in all the orientation of the coil.

CONDITION FOR A SENSITIVE GALVANOMETER- Galvanometer is said to be sensitive if it can produce
𝐵𝑁𝐴
large deflection when small current passes through it.  = ( 𝐶 ) 𝐼
1.   B, if magnetic field intensity increases then galvanometer becomes more sensitive and vice-versa .
2.   N , if number of turns in the coil is large then it become more sensitive .
3.   A , if area of coil is large then it is more sensitive. N & A can not increase beyond a limit because it will
make galvanometer bulky and unmanageable . It also increases resistance of coil, which decrease sensitivity. In
permanent magnet B cannot be increased beyond a limit.
4.   1 / C Restoring torque per unit twist ‘C’ is small then galvanometer is more sensitive. Phosphorous
Bronze or quartz strip has small value of restoring torque per unit twist. These materials are tensile and rust
resistance.
Weston designed pointer type galvanometer. It is a moving coil galvanometer which measure current by a pointer, it
is small and portable also known as Weston type galvanometer
AMMETER- The instrument that is used to measure electric current in ampere is called ammeter.
Galvanometer also measure current but it is low resistance and sensitivity
instrument so it is suitable for measuring weak current. If current flowing in the
circuit is strong then
a. Large torque produce on the coil and the pointer collide by the stopper,
which break the pointer.
b. Large amount of current produce large heat which may burn the insulation
of the coil.
Due to this the instrument may damaged. To avoid the damages a low
resistance is connected parallel to the galvanometer so major portion of current
passes through this low resistance (shunt) and only a small portion of current I g
pass through the galvanometer, which can only produce full-scale deflection.
A low resistance connected parallel to a galvanometer to convert it into
ammeter is called shunt. For ideal ammeter value of shunt is zero.
Consider a galvanometer of resistance G; I g is current required for full-scale deflection of galvanometer. If we want
to measure current I (i.e. range I) then a low resistance S connected parallel to the galvanometer.
Potential difference between A and B is V = Vg V
 Ig 
Ig G  ( I  Ig )S  S  G
 I  Ig 
 
1 1 1 G S
The resistance of ammeter Ra , then    R 
R G S a G S
a
So ammeter is a low resistance instrument connected in series.
Uses of shunt: - 1) It is use to convert a galvanometer into ammeter.
2) By decreasing S we can increase range of ammeter.
3) It is use to protect galvanometer.
Voltmeter: -Instrument which is used for measurement of potential difference
between any two point in the circuit is called voltmeter.
The voltmeter is connected parallel in the circuit have large resistance so the
voltmeter draw negligible current. If it is not so then due to drawing current by
voltmeter, value of current in conductor decreases hence p.d. measured will be
wrong .For this a large resistance ‘R’ is connected in series with a galvanometer
to convert it into voltmeter. Ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance.
Maximum value of p.d. ‘V’ measured by voltmeter is called range of voltmeter. Let resistance of the galvanometer
is ‘G’ and current required for full-scale deflection is I g.
Potential difference V = current * total resistance = I g ( R + G )
V V
 R G  R  G
Ig Ig
Voltmeter Ammeter
1) It is used to measure P.d between two point in circuit. It is used to measure current In the circuit.
2) It is connected parallel in the circuit It is connected in series in the circuit.
3) A high resistance is connected in series to the A low resistance is connected in parallel to the
galvanometer. Therefore the effective resistance of galvanometer. Therefore the effective resistance of
voltmeter is high ammeter is low.
4)For ideal voltmeter the resistance R must be  For ideal ammeter the value of shunt must be 0.
5) Smaller the value of resistance smaller will be the range Smaller the value of shunt larger will be the range
of voltmeter and vice-versa of ammeter and vice versa.
Cyclotron: - It is the most important high-speed particle generator developed by Lawrence in 1930 in California.
(Nobel prize in 1939)_
Principle: - (1) If a charge particle placed in electric field it experience force along the field i.e. F=qE. (2) If a
charge particle moving with velocity v passes through the field, experience Lorentz magnetic force F = q v B sin .
Charge particle can be accelerated to high energy with the help of smaller values of oscillating electric field.
Construction: - It consist of a flat, hollow cylindrical chamber split into two parts D1 , D2 by a diametrical cut.
Each part is called ‘dee’ because their shape is similar to letter ‘D’, having diameter 100 cm and height 15 cm.
These dees are placed horizontally with their diametric edges slightly separated from each other in a vacuum
chamber. The dees are connected to high frequency oscillator, which can produce a p.d. of the order of 104 volts at
frequency 107 Hz. The vacuum chamber in placed in a strong magnetic field which is perpendicular to the plane of
dees by two pole pieces of strong electromagnets N and S . At P ionic source or source of charged particle is placed.
Theory and working: - Let positive ion source is kept at P which produce ion of charge +q . Let in first half cycle
of a. c. , D1 is positive and D2 is negative .The ion experience a force Fe = q E --- -- (2) (along D2)
The ion accelerate towards D2 but on reaching inside D2 the electric field is zero (E=0 in hollow conductor) .
Now it move with constant velocity ‘v’ in uniform magnetic field it experience Lorentz magnetic force
Fm = q v bsin90 -- (2)
According to Fleming’s left hand rule Fm is perpendicular to both v and B so the ion will move along a circular
path. Necessary centripetal force required for circular motion is provided by Lorentz magnetic force so comparing
m v2
eq1 & 2 qvB
r
qr B
So v  (3)
m
Where m is mass of particle
and r is radius of circular path.
Now the ion emerges out at
other end of dee D2 the
potential applied to the dees
reversed so that D2 become
positive and D1 become
negative. Now the ion
experience a force Fe = qE and
get accelerated towards D1 with
greater acceleration (gets
another kick) and enter in D1
with greater velocity. Under
influence of the magnetic field
again describes semicircular
path of greater radius due to
force Fm = q v B. This process
is continued. The Positive ion will accelerate every time it comes into the gape and will go on describing circular
path of greater and greater and greater radius (velocity), until ions finally emerge out with great speed and very high
energy from window ‘W’ with the help of deflector plate.
Time period: -Time taken by the ion to describe the circular path is called time period of the oscillator( T).
T = distance/speed = circumference / speed
2 r 2 r 2 m
T   ( From eq3) Hence T  (4)
v q r B/m qB

Thus time period is independent of both speed v and radius of path r and it is constant .Hence time taken to
complete first revolution ( small radius ) is equal to time taken to complete first revolution (small radius ) so
velocity and energy of emerging ion is large.
Frequency: - The no. of revolution completed by the ion in 1 sec is called frequency ‘v’ of oscillator or magnetic
resonance frequency. To achieve resonance or synchronization it must be equal to frequency of A.C.
1 q B
   (5)
T 2 m
Maximum Energy: - Let r m is radius of largest semi-circular orbit and vm maximum velocity of ion when it just
q B rm
leaves the dees . From eq 3) v m  So Maximum kinetic energy
m
2
1  q B rm  1 q 2 B2 r 2m
Em  m    Em 
2  m  2 m
Application: - It is used to accelerate electrons, protons, ions etc.
In Calcutta the cyclotron gives 6 to 60 MeV protons, 12 to 65 MeV deuterons and 130 MeV  particles. Such a
beam has a velocity of 2  108 m/sec and 600 trillion particles come out per second giving and enormous amount of
energy.
Limitation: - (1) Uncharged particle like neutron cannot be accelerated. (2) Cyclotron is suitable to accelerate
heavy particle only (-particle, proton, deuteron). Electrons cannot be accelerated because mass of electron is small
and small increase in energy makes the electrons move with high speed. Hence electrons move quickly out of step
m0
with oscillating field. (3) As velocity increases mass also increase by relative theory m 
1  v2 / c2
And ‘m’ becomes a variable .So we cannot accelerated a charge particle beyond limit.
Biot Savart Law Magnetic field straight wire 5. A wire carrying current I and other carrying 2I in the
1. The strength of the magnetic field at a point r near a same direction produces a magnetic field B at the mid
long straight current carrying wire is B. The field at a point. What will be the field when 2I wire is switched off
distance r/2 will be (a) B / 2 (b) 2B (c) B (d) 4B
(a) B/2 (b) B/4 (c) 2B (d) 4B 6. Two long parallel wires P and Q are both
2. Two straight horizontal parallel wires are carrying perpendicular to the plane of the paper with distance 5 m
the same current in the same direction, d is the distance between them. If P and Q carry current of 2.5 amp and 5
between the wires. You are provided with a small freely amp respectively in the same direction, then the magnetic
suspended magnetic needle. At which of the following field at a point half way between the wires is
positions will the orientation of the needle be 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
independent of the magnitude of the current in the wires 2  2 2 
(a) At a distance d / 2 from any of the wires 7. A thin wire is bent to form a square loop ABCD. A
(b) At a distance d / 2 from any of the wires in the battery of e.m.f 2V is connected between the points A
horizontal plane and C. The magnetic induction due to the current in the
(c) Anywhere on the circumference of a vertical circle of loop at centre O will -
radius d and centre halfway between the wires (a) be zero
(d) At points halfway between the wires in the horizontal plane (b) point away from the plane of D C
3. If the strength of the magnetic field produced 10cm paper
away from a infinitely long straight conductor is (c) point along the plane of paper
10−5 𝑊𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟/𝑚2 , the value of the current flowing in the (d) point into the plane of paper A B
conductor will be 8. A small linear segment of an electric circuit is lying

(a) 5 A (b) 10 A (c) 500 A (d) 1000 A on x-axis extending from x = a/2 to x = a/2 and a current
4. A long straight wire carries a current of  amp . The i is flowing in it. The magnetic induction due to the
magnetic field due to it will be 5 × 10−5 𝑤𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟/𝑚2 at segment at a point x = a on x-axis will be –
what distance from the wire [ o  permeability of air] (a) µ a (b) zero (c) µ a2 (d) µ/a
10 4 6
9. Two insulated wires of infinite length are lying
(a) 10 4  o m (b) m (c) 10 6  o e (d) 10 m
o o mutually at right angles to each other as shown in.
Currents of 2A and 1.5A respectively are flowing in
them. The value of magnetic induction at point P will be-

–3
(a) 2 × 10 N/A-m 0  1  2 
1/2
(b) 2 × 10–5 N/A-m

(a)   (b)
2  d 
(c) 1.5 ×10–5 tesla 0 2 2 1/2
(d) 2 × 10–4 N/A-m 2d
1   2 
10. A current is flowing in a hexagonal coil of side a 
(c) 0 (I1 + I2) (d)
(Fig.). The magnetic induction at the centre of the coil 2 d
0 2 2
will be -
3 3 0 i 0i 2d
 1  2 
(a) (b) 0
a 3 3 a Magnetic field due to Circular Coil a
0i 3 0i 1. A length L of wire carries a steady

(c) (d) current I. It is bent first to form a i
3 a a
11. A straight wire of diameter 0.5 mm carrying a current circular plane coil of one turn. The
of 1A is replaced by another wire of diameter 1 mm same length is now bent more sharply to give a double
carrying the same current. The strength of magnetic field loop of smaller radius. The magnetic field at the centre
far away is : caused by the same current is
(a) twice the earlier value (a) A quarter of its first value (b) Unaltered
(b) one-half of the earlier value (c) Four times of its first value
(c) one quarter of the earlier value (d) A half of its first value
(d) same as earlier value 2. The strength of the magnetic field at a point r near a
12. Two long parallel wires P and Q are held at a distance long straight current carrying wire is B. The field at a
of 5m between them. If P and Q carry current of 2.5 amp distance r/2 will be
and 5 amp respectively in the same direction, then the (a) B/2 (b) B/4 (c) 2B (d) 4B
magnetic field at a point half-away between the wires is 3. In the figure, shown the magnetic induction at the
0 centre of there arc due to current in
(a) portion AB will be

0i 0i
30 (a) (b)
(b) r 2r r
2
i
0 (c) 0 (d) Zero A B O C D
(c) 4r
2
4. In the above question, the
3
(d) 0 magnetic induction at O due to the
2
whole length of the conductor is
13. The strength of the magnetic field at a point distant r 0i 0i 0i
near a long straight current carrying wire is B. The field (a) (b) (c)
r 2r 4r
at a distance r/2 will be
(d) Zero
(a) B/2 (b) B/4 (c) 4B (d) 2B
5. Two straight horizontal parallel wires are carrying the
14. A wire in the form of a square of side 'a' carries a same current in the same direction, d is the distance
current 'i'. Then the magnetic induction at the centre of between the wires. You are provided with a small freely
the square wire is suspended magnetic needle. At which of the following
0i 0 i 2 2 20i 0i positions will the orientation of the needle be independent
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 a a a 2 a of the magnitude of the current in the wires
15. Two parallel, long wires carry currents i1 and i2 with (a) At a distance d/2 from any of the wires
i1 > i2. When the current are in the same direction, the (b) At a distance d / 2 from any of the wires in the
horizontal plane
magnetic field at a point midway between the wire is
(c) Anywhere on the circumference of a vertical circle of
10mT. If the direction of i2 is reversed, the field becomes
radius d and centre halfway between the wires
30mT. The ratio i1/i2 is (d) At points halfway between the wires in the horizontal plane
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 6. A circular coil of radius R carries an electric current.
16. Two identical conducting wires AOB and COD are The magnetic field due to the coil at a point on the axis
placed at right angles to each other. The wire AOB of the coil located at a distance r from the centre of the
carries an electric current I1 and COD carries a current coil, such that r >> R, varies as
I2. The magnetic field on a point lying at a distance d 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
from O, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the r r 3/2
r2 r3
wires AOB and COD, will be given by : 7. If the strength of the magnetic field produced 10cm
away from a infinitely long straight conductor is
−5 2
10 𝑊𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟/𝑚 , the value of the current flowing in the 17. An electron is revolving round a proton, producing a
2
conductor will be magnetic field of 16 weber/m in a circular orbit of radius
(a) 5 A (b) 10 A (c) 500 A (d) 1000 A 1Å. It’s angular velocity will be
8. Due to 10 ampere of current flowing in a circular coil (a) 1017 rad/sec (b) 1/2  1012 rad/sec
of 10 cm radius, the magnetic field produced at its centre (c) 2   1012 rad/sec (d) 4   1012 rad/sec
−3 2
is 3.14 × 10 𝑊𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑟/𝑚 . The number of turns in the 18. The magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of
coil will be radius r is  times that due to a long straight wire at a
(a) 5000 (b) 100 (c) 50 (d) 25 distance r from it, for equal currents. Figure here shows
9. In a hydrogen atom, an electron moves in a circular three cases : in all cases the circular part has radius r and
orbit of radius 5.2 × 10−11 𝑚 and produces a magnetic straight ones are infinitely long. For same current the B
induction of 12.56 T at its nucleus. The current produced field at the centre P in cases 1, 2, 3 have the ratio
by the motion of the electron will be
(a) 6 .53  10 3 ampere (b) 13 .25  10 10 ampere P P
3
(c) 9 .6  10 ampere
6
(d) 1 .04  10 ampere P
10. The earth's magnetic induction at a certain point is (2)

(3)
5
7  10 Wb / m . This is to be annulled by the magnetic
2 (1)
induction at the centre of a circular conducting loop of (a)     :    :  3  1  (b)     1  :    1  :  3  1 

radius 5 cm. The required current in the loop is  2 2  4 2  2  2   4 2
(a) 0.56 A (b) 5.6 A (c) 0.28 A (d) 2.8 A         1   3 1 
(c)  : : 3 (d)    1  :    :   
11. Magnetic field at the centre of coil of n turns, bent in 2 2 4  2  2 4  4 2
the form of a square of side 2l , carrying current i, is 19. Two straight long conductors AOB and COD are
2  0 ni 2  0 ni 2  0 ni 2  ni perpendicular to each other and carry currents i1 and i2 .
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
l 2l 4 l l The magnitude of the magnetic induction at a point P at
12. A and B are two concentric circular conductors of a distance a from the point O in a direction perpendicular
centre O and carrying currents i1 and i2 as shown in the to the plane ACBD is
adjacent figure. If ratio of their radii is 1 : 2 and ratio of 0    ii
(a) (i1  i2 ) (b) 0 (i1  i2 ) (c) 0 (i12  i22 )1 / 2 (d 0 1 2
the flux densities at O due to A and B is 1 : 3, then the 2a 2a 2a 2a (i1  i2 )
value of i1 / i2 is 20. A cell is connected between the points A and B
C of a
1 1 circular conductor ABCD of centre O with angle A A
(a) (b) r2
6 4 OC  60 o . If B1 and B 2 are the magnitudes of r1 the
O
1 1 magnetic fields at O due to the currents in ABC andi1 ADC
(c) (d) i2
3 2 B
respectively, the ratio 1 is
13. A long straight wire carries a current of  amp . The B2
i1
B
300o
5
magnetic field due to it will be 5  10 weber/m at what (a) 0.2 2 O
distance from the wire [ o  permeability of air] (b) 6 60o

A C
10 4 10 6 (c) 1
(a) 10  o m (b)
4
m (c) 10  o m (d)
6
m 1A 2 i D
o o (d)
14. Ratio of the magnetic field at the centre of a current 22. Magnetic field on the axis of a current carrying circular
carrying coil of the radius a and at a distance ‘a’ from coil of radius a at a distance 2a from its centre will be-
0 i 0i 0i
centre of the coil & at the axis of coil is (a) (b) (c) (d) oi
1 1 2 10 5a 4a
(a) (b) 2 (c)
2 2 2 22. Two similar coils of radius R and number of turns N
(d) 2 2 are lying concentrically with their planes at right angles
15. Two similar coils are kept mutually perpendicular to each other. The currents flowing in them are I and I 3
such that their centres coincide. At the centre, find the respectively. The resultant magnetic induction at the
ratio of the magnetic field due to one coil and the centre will be (in Wb/m2).
resultant magnetic field by both coils, if the same current  NI  NI NI  NI
is flown (a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 3 m0 (d) 5 0
2R R 2R 2R
(a) 1: 2 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2:1 (d) 3 : 1 23. A coil of one turn is made of a wire of certain length
16. The magnetic field due to a current carrying circular and then from the same length a coil of two turns is made.
loop of radius 3 cm at a point on the axis at a distance of If the same current is passed in both the cases, then the
4 cm from the centre is 54 T. What will be its value at ratio of the magnetic induction at their centres will be :
the centre of the loop (a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
(a) 250  T (b) 150  T (c) 125  T (d)75  T
24. The magnetic field of a given length of wire carrying 32. In the figure shown there are two semicircles of radii
a current for a single turn circular coil at centre is B, then r1 and r2 in which a current i is flowing. The magnetic
its value for two turns for the same wire when same induction at the centre O will be
current passing through it is :- (a) 0 i (r1  r2 )
(a) B/4 (b) B/2 (c) 2B (d) 4B r

25. If in a circular coil A of radius R, current i is flowing (b) 0 i (r1  r2 ) r1
4
and in another coil B of radius 2R a current 2i is flowing, O
then the ratio of the magnetic fields, BA and BB (c) 0 i  r1  r2  
(d) 0 i  r2  r1 
 r2
4  r1r2  4  r1r2 
produced at the centre by them will be :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1 / 2 (d) 4 33. A uniform wire is bent in the form of a circle of radius
26. The magnetic field due to a current carrying circular R. A current I enters at A and leaves at C as shown in the
loop of radius 3 cm at a point on the axis at a distance of figure : If the length ABC is half of the length ADC, the
4 cm from the centre is 54 mT. What will be its value at magnetic field at the centre O will be B
the centre of the loop ? (a) Zero C
(a) 250 mT (b) 150 mT (c) 125 mT (d)75 mT 0 I A
27. A ring of radius r is uniformly charged with charge (b) 2 R
O
q. If the ring is rotated about it's axis with angular (c)  0 I (d)  0 I
frequency w, then the magnetic induction at its centre 4R 6R
D
will be - 34. PQRS is a square loop made of uniform conducting
 q
(a) 10–7 x (b) 10–7 x wire the current enters the loop at P and leaves at S. Then
qr r the magnetic field will be Q R
r q
(c) 10–7 x (d) 10–7 x (a) Maximum at the centre of the loop
q r (b) Zero at the centre of loop
28. The magnetic induction at centre O due to the (c) Zero at all points inside the loop P S
arrangement shown in fig.- (d) Zero at all points outside of the loop
Q P
35. A wire carrying current i is shaped as shown. Section
0 AB is a quarter circle of radius r. The magnetic field is
r directed
R
 i  i  i  i (a) At an angle  / 4 to the plane of the paper
(a) 0 (1  ) (b) 0 (c) 0 (1  ) (d) 0 B
4r 4r 4r r (b) Perpendicular to the plane of the paper and directed
29. A current of 30 amp. is flowing in a conductor as in to the paper
shown in fig. The magnetic induction at point O will be- (c) Along the bisector of the angle i A C
i
(a) 1.5 Tesla i
ACB towards AB
(b) 1.5p × 10–4 Tesla O
(d) Along the bisector of the angle m
(c) zero /2
3c
3c
ACB away from A

m
(d) 0.15 Tesla i
36. A part of a long wire carrying a i=30A
30. An infinitely long straight conductor is bent into the
current i is bent into a circle of radius
shape as shown in the figure. It carries a current of i
r as shown in figure. The net magnetic field at the centre
ampere and the radius of the circular loop is r metre.
O of the circular loop is
Then the magnetic induction at its centre will be
 2 i
(a)  o i (b)  o i
(a) 0
(  1) 4 r 2r
4 r r  i
(c) o (  1) i r O i
(b) 0 2i (  1) 2r
4 r
(d)  o i (  1)
O
i i i
2r A B
(c) Zero (d) Infinite
37. In the figure, what is the magnetic field at point O
31. The magnetic induction at the centre O in the figure
shown is (a)  0 I I
4 r
0 i  1 1  R2 (b) 0 I 0 I
(a)    
4r 2r
4  R1 R 2 
R1
(c) 0 I 0 I
 r O
0 i  11  4r 4r
(b)    O

4  R1 R 2  0 I 0 I
 (d) 
4r 4r
(c) 0 i (d) 0 i
(R1  R2 ) (R1  R 2 ) Ampere law Magnetic field due to Solenoid
4 4

1. When the number of turns in a toroidal coil is
doubled, then the value of magnetic flux density will
becomes-  B d  B d
(a) four times (b) eight times
(c) half (d) double
2. The length of a solenoid is 0.1 m and its diameter is (c) R r (d) R r
very small. A wire is wound over it in two layers. The 8. A current I flows along the length of an infinitely
number of turns in the inner layer is 50 and that on the long, straight, thin walled pipe. Then
outer layer is 40. The strength of current flowing in two (a) the magnetic field at all points inside the pipe is the
layers is in the same direction and is 3 ampere. The same, but not zero
magnetic induction in the middle of the solenoid is- (b) the magnetic field at any point inside the pipe is zero
(c) the magnetic field is zero only on the axis of the pipe
(a) 3.4 × 10–3 Tesla (b) 3.4 × 10–3 Gauss (d) the magnetic field is different at different points
(c) 3.4 × 103 Tesla (d) 3.4 × 103 Gauss inside the pipe.
3. The magnetic field inside a long solenoid is - 9. A long solenoid carrying a current produces a
(a) infinite (b) zero magnetic field B along its axis. If the current is doubled
(c) uniform (d) non-uniform and the number of turns per cm is halved, the new value
4. The correct curve between the magnetic induction of the magnetic field is :
(B) along the axis of a long solenoid due to current flow (a) 2B (b) 4B (c) B/2 (d) B
i in it and distance x from center is - 10. A long, thick straight conductor of radius R carries
B
current I uniformly distributed in its cross-section area.
B= ni
0
The ratio of energy density of the magnetic field at
 ni/2
0
distance R/2 from surface inside the conductor and
end centre of solenoid end x (distance outside the conductor is:
(a) from centre)
(a) 1: 16 (b) 1: 1 (c) 1: 4 (d) 9/16
B B B
11. A long straight wire of radius a carries a steady
current i. The current is uniformly distributed across its
cross-section. The ratio of the magnetic field at a/2 and
2a from axis is :
(b) x (c) x (d) x (a) 1/4 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) ½
5. In a coaxial, straight cable, the central conductor 12. A current I flows along the length of an infinitely
and the outer conductor carry equal long, straight, thin walled pipe. Then :
currents in opposite directions. The (a) the magnetic field is zero only on the axis of the pipe
magnetic field is zero. (b) the magnetic field is different at different points
(a) outside the cable inside the pipe
(b) inside the inner conductor (c) the magnetic field at any point inside the pipe is zero
(c) inside the outer conductor (d) the magnetic field at all points inside the pipe is the
(d) in between the two conductors. same, but not zero
6. A wire is wound on a long rod of 13. A long solenoid has 200 turns per cm and carries a
material of relative permeability mr = 4000 to make a current i. The magnetic field at its centre is 6.28×10–2
solenoid. If the current through the wire is 5 A and Weber/m2. Another long solenoid has 100 turns per cm
number of turns per unit length is 1000 per metre, then and it carries a current i/3. The value of the magnetic
the magnetic field inside the solenoid is : field at its centre is :
(a) 25.12 mT (b) 12.56 m T (a) 1.05 × 10–4 Weber/m2 (b) 1.05 × 10–2 Weber/m2
(c) 12.56 T (d) 25.12 T
7. A cylindrical wire of radius R is carrying current i (c) 1.05 × 10–5 Weber/m2 (d) 1.05 × 1010–3 Wb/m2
uniformly distributed over its cross-section. If a circular 14. A long solenoid has 200 turns per cm. and carries a
loop of radius ' r ' is taken as amperian loop, then the current of 2.5 amps. The magnetic field at its centre is
variation value of  B  d over this loop with radius ' r ' (a) 3.14 × 10–2 Weber/m² (b) 6.28 × 10–2 Weber/m²
of loop will be best represented by: (c) 9.42 × 10–2 Wb/m² (d) 12.56 × 10–2 Wb/m²
F in Magnetic field
1. A proton moving with a constant velocity passes
through a region of space without any change in its
 B  d  B d velocity. If E and B represent the electric and magnetic
fields respectively, then this region of space may have
(a) R r (b) R r

(a) E  0, B  0 (b) E  0, B  0 and charge = + 2e), so that it can revolve in the path of
(c) E  0, B  0 (d) E  0, B  0 same radius
2. A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic (a) 1 MeV (b) 4 MeV
field are produced, pointed in the same direction. An (c) 2 MeV (d) 0.5 MeV
electron is projected with its velocity pointing in the 10. An electron is moving with a speed of 10 8 m / sec
same direction perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of intensity B.
(a) The electron will turn to its right Suddenly intensity of the magnetic field is reduced to
(b) The electron will turn to its left B/2. The radius of the path becomes from the original
(c) The electron velocity will increase in magnitude value of r
(d) The electron velocity will decrease in magnitude (a) No change (b) Reduces to r / 2
3. Two particles X and Y having equal charges, after (c) Increases to 2r (d) Stops moving
being accelerated through the same potential difference, 11. A proton and an particle enter a uniform
enter a region of uniform magnetic field and describes magnetic field perpendicularly with the same speed. If
circular path of radius R1 and R2 respectively. The proton takes 25 𝜇 sec to make 5 revolutions, then the
ratio of mass of X to that of Y is periodic time for the particle would be
1/2 2 (a) 50 𝜇 sec (b) 25 𝜇 sec
 R1  R  R1  R
(a)   (b) 2
(c)   (d) 1
(c) 10 𝝁 sec (d) 5 𝜇 sec
 R2  R1  R2  R2
12. A proton (mass  1 .67  10 27 kg and charge
4. A beam of ions with velocity 2  10 5 m / s enters  1 . 6  10 19 C ) enters perpendicular to a magnetic field
normally into a uniform magnetic field of 4  10 2 tesla . If of intensity 2 weber / m 2 with a velocity 3 .4  10 7 m / sec .
the specific charge of the ion is 5  10 7 C / kg , then the The acceleration of the proton should be
radius of the circular path described will be (a) 6 .5  10 15 m / sec 2 (b) 6 .5  10 13 m / sec 2
(a) 0.10 m (b) 0.16 m (c) 0.20 m (d) 0.25 m (c) 6 .5  10 11 m / sec 2 (d) 6 .5  10 9 m / sec 2
5. The radius of curvature of the path of the charged
13. A strong magnetic field is applied on a stationary
particle in a uniform magnetic field is directly
electron, then
proportional to
(a) The electron moves in the direction of the field
(a) The charge on the particle
(b) The electron moves in an opposite direction
(b) The momentum of the particle
(c) The electron remains stationary
(c) The energy of the particle
(d) The electron starts spinning
(d) The intensity of the field
14. A deutron of kinetic energy 50 keV is describing a
6. A proton (mass m and charge +e) & an particle
circular orbit of radius 0.5 metre in a plane
(mass 4m & charge +2e) are projected with the same
kinetic energy at right angles to the uniform magnetic perpendicular to magnetic field B . The kinetic energy of
field. Which one of following statements will be true the proton that describes a circular orbit of radius 0.5
(a) The particle will be bent in a circular path with a metre in the same plane with the same B is
small radius that for the proton (a) 25 keV (b) 50 keV (c) 200 keV (d) 100 keV
12
(b) The radius of the path of the particle will be 15. If a particle of charge 10 coulomb moving along the
5
greater than that of the proton x̂  direction with a velocity 10 m / s experiences a force
(c) The particle and the proton will be bent in a 10
of 10 newton in ŷ  direction due to magnetic field,
circular path with the same radius then the minimum magnetic field is
(d) The particle and the proton will go through the
(a) 6 .25  10 tesla in ẑ  direction
3
field in a straight line 15

7. If the direction of the initial velocity of the charged (b) 10 tesla in ẑ  direction
3
particle is neither along nor perpendicular to that of the (c) 6 .25  10 tesla in ẑ  direction
magnetic field, then the orbit will be 3
(a) A straight line (b) An ellipse (d) 10 tesla in ẑ  direction

(c) A circle (d) A helix 16. If a proton, deutron and   particle on being
8. A 2 MeV proton is moving perpendicular to a accelerated by the same potential difference enters
uniform magnetic field of 2.5 tesla. The force on the perpendicular to the magnetic field, then the ratio of
proton is their kinetic energies is
(a) 2 .5  10 10 N (b) 7 .6  10 11 N (a) 1 : 2 : 2 (b) 2 : 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1 : 2
(c) 2 .5  10 11 N (d) 7 .6  10 12 N
17. An electron and a proton enter region of uniform
9. A proton of mass m and charge +e is moving in a magnetic field in a direction at right angles to the field
circular orbit in a magnetic field with energy 1 MeV.
What should be the energy of particle (mass = 4m
with the same kinetic energy. They describe circular  2R 
2
 R 
2
2 2R
paths of radius re and rp respectively. Then (a)  1  (b)  1  (c) R1 2 (d) 1
 2 
R  2
2 R 2R 2 R2
(a) re  rp (b) re  rp (c) re  rp 25. A moving charge will gain energy due to the
(d) re may be less than or greater than rp depending on application of
the direction of the magnetic field (a) Electric field (b) Magnetic field
27
18. A proton of mass 1.67  10 kg and charge 1 .6  10 19 C (c) Both of these (d) None of these
is projected with a speed of 2  10 6 m / s at an angle of 60  26. A proton, a deuteron and an   particle having the
same kinetic energy are moving in circular trajectories
to the X  axis. If a uniform magnetic field of 0.104 in a constant magnetic field. If rp , rd and r denote
Tesla is applied along Y  axis, the path of proton is
respectively the radii of the trajectories of these
(a) A circle of radius = 0.2 m and time period   10 7 s
particles, then
(b) A circle of radius = 0.1 m and time period 2  10 7 s
(a) r  rp  rd (b) r  rd  rp
(c) A helix of radius = 0.1 m and time period 2  10 7 s
(d) A helix of radius = 0.2 m and time period 4  10 7 s (c) r  rd  rp (d) rp  rd  r
19. A proton and a deutron both having the same kinetic 27. When a magnetic field is applied in a direction
energy, enter perpendicularly into a uniform magnetic perpendicular to the direction of cathode rays, then their
field B. For motion of proton and deutron on circular path (a) Energy decreases (b) Energy increases
of radius R p and Rd respectively, the correct statement is (c) Momentum increases
(d) Momentum and energy remain unchanged
(a) Rd  2 R p (b) Rd  R p / 2 28. A charge moves in a circle perpendicular to a
(c) Rd  R p (d) Rd  2 R p magnetic field. The time period of revolution is
20. A proton (or charged particle) moving with velocity independent of
v is acted upon by electric field E and magnetic field B. (a) Magnetic field (b) Charge
The proton will move undeflected if (c) Mass of the particle (d) Velocity of the particle
(a) E is perpendicular to B 29. A proton of energy 200 MeV enters the magnetic
(b) E is parallel to v and perpendicular to B field of 5 T. If direction of field is from south to north
E and motion is upward, the force acting on it will be
(c) E, B and v are mutually perpendicular and v  (a) Zero (b) 1.6  10 10 N
B
(d) E and B both are parallel to v (c) 3.2  10 8 N (d) 1 .6  10 6 N
21. A charge + Q is moving upwards vertically. It enters 30. In a cyclotron, the angular frequency of a charged
a magnetic field directed to the north. The force on the particle is independent of
charge will be towards (a) Mass (b) Speed
(a) North (b) South (c) East (d) West (c) Charge (d) Magnetic field
22. A beam of well collimated cathode rays travelling 31. A homogeneous electric field E and a uniform

1
with a speed of 5  10 ms enter a region of mutually
6
magnetic field B are pointing in the same direction. A

perpendicular electric and magnetic fields and emerge proton is projected with its velocity parallel to E . It will
undeviated from this region. If | B |  0.02 T , the (a) Go on moving in same direction with increasing velocity
(b) Go on moving in the same direction with constant velocity
magnitude of the electric field is
(c) Turn to its right (d) Turn to its left
(a) 10 5 Vm 1 (b) 2 .5  10 8 Vm 1
32. A proton and an alpha particle are separately
(c) 1 .25  10 10 Vm 1 (d) 2  10 3 Vm 1 projected in a region where a uniform magnetic field
23. A current carrying long solenoid is placed on the exists. Their initial velocities are perpendicular to
ground with its axis vertical. A proton is falling along direction of magnetic field. If both the particles move
the axis of the solenoid with a velocity v. When the around magnetic field in circles of equal radii, the ratio
proton enters into the solenoid, it will P 
(a) Be deflected from its path of momentum of proton to alpha particle  p  is
 P 
(b) Be accelerated along the same path 1 1
(c) Be decelerated along the same path (a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d)
2 4
(d) Move along the same path with no change in velocity
33. A particle of mass 0.6 g and having charge of 25 nC
24. The charge on a particle Y is double the charge on
is moving horizontally with a uniform velocity
particle X. These two particles X and Y after being
1.2  10 4 ms 1 in a uniform magnetic field, then the value
accelerated through the same potential difference enter
a region of uniform magnetic field and describe circular of the magnetic induction is (g  10 ms 2 )
paths of radii R1 and R2 respectively. The ratio of the (a) Zero (b) 10 T (c) 20 T (d) 200 T
mass of X to that of Y is

34. At a specific instant emission of radioactive 42. An electron (mass = 9 .1  10 kg; charge = 1 .6  10 19
31
compound is deflected in a magnetic field. The C) experiences no deflection if subjected to an electric

compound can emit field of 3.2  10 5 V/m, and a magnetic fields of 2 .0  10 3
2
(i) Electrons (ii) Protons (iii) He (iv) Neutrons Wb/m2. Both the fields are normal to the path of electron
The emission at the instant can be and to each other. If the electric field is removed, then
(a) i, ii, iii (b) i, ii, iii, iv the electron will revolve in an orbit of radius
(c) iv (d) ii, iii (a) 45 m (b) 4.5 m (c) 0.45 m (d) 0.045 m
35. Which particles will have minimum frequency of Force on wires
revolution when projected with the same velocity 1. A rectangular loop carrying a
i
perpendicular to a magnetic field current i is situated near a long straight
(a) Li+ (b) Electron (c) Proton (d) He  wire such that the wire is parallel to i
36. Mixed He  and O 2  ions (mass of He   4 amu and the one of the sides of the loop and is
that of O 2   16 amu ) beam passes a region of constant in the plane of the loop. If a steady
current I is established in wire as shown in figure, the
perpendicular magnetic field. If kinetic energy of all the D C B
loop will
ions is same then
(a) Rotate about an axis parallel 15Ato the wire5A 10A
(a) He  ions will be deflected more than those of O 2
(b) Move away from the wire or towards right
(b) He  ions will be deflected less than those of O 2  (c) Move towards the wire (d) Remain x stationary
(15–x)
(c) All the ions will be deflected equally 2. Through two parallel wires A and B, 10 and 2
15cm
(d) No ions will be deflected ampere of currents are passed respectively in opposite
37. An electron enters a region where electrostatic field direction. If the wire A is infinitely long and the length
is 20N/C and magnetic field is 5T. If electron passes of the wire B is 2 m, the force on the conductor B,
undeflected through the region, then velocity of electron which is situated at 10 cm distance from A will be
will be (a) 8  10 5 N (b) 4  10 7 N
(a) 0 .25 ms 1 (b) 2ms 1 (c) 4 ms 1 (d) 8 ms 1 5
(c) 4  10 N (d) 4  10 7 N
38. A particle of mass M and charge Q moving with
 3. A straight wire carrying a current i1 amp runs along
velocity v describes a circular path of radius R when
the axis of a circular current i2 amp . Then the force of
subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic field of
induction B. The work done by the field when the interaction between two current carrying conductors is
particle completes one full circle is  2i i 2i i
(a)  (b) Zero (c) 0 1 2 N / m (d) 1 2 N / m
 Mv 2  4 r r
(a) B Qv 2 R (b)   2R
 R  4. Two long and parallel wires are at a distance of 0.1
 
(c) Zero (d) BQ 2R m and a current of 5 A is flowing in each of these wires.
The force per unit length due to these wires will be
39. A very long straight wire carries a current I . At the
(a) 5  10 5 N / m (b) 5  10 3 N / m
instant when a charge Q at point P has velocity V , as
(c) 2 .5  10 5 N / m (d) 2 .5  10 4 N / m
shown, the force on the charge is
5. Two straight parallel wires, both carrying 10
Y
ampere in the same direction attract each other with a
Q force of 1  10 3 N . If both currents are doubled, the force
P  O X of attraction will be
I V (a) 1  10 3 N (b) 2  10 3 N
(c) 4  10 3 N (d) 0 .25  10 3 N
(a) Opposite to OX (b) Along OX 6. The unit of electric current “ampere” is the current
(c) Opposite to OY (d) Along OY which when flowing through each of two parallel wires
40. The electron in the beam of a television tube move spaced 1 m apart in vacuum and of infinite length will
horizontally from south to north. The vertical give rise to a force between them equal to
component of the earth's magnetic field points down. (a) 1 N / m (b) 2  10 7 N / m
The electron is deflected towards (c) 1  10 2 N / m (d) 4  10 7 N / m
(a) West (b) No deflection
7. A current of 10 ampere is flowing in a wire of
(c) East (d) North to south
length 1.5 m. A force of 15 N acts on it when it is
41. An electron moves in a circular orbit with a uniform
placed in a uniform magnetic field of 2 tesla. The angle
speed v. It produces a magnetic field B at the centre of
between the magnetic field and the direction of the
the circle. The radius of the circle is proportional to
current is
B v
(a) (b) (c) v
(d) B
(a) 30  (b) 45  (c) 60  (d) 90 
v R B v

5
8. Three long, straight and parallel wires carrying (c) Repulsive force of 2  10 N / m
currents are arranged as shown in figure. The force (d) Attractive force of 2  10 5 N / m
experienced by 10 cm length of wire Q is 17. An arbitrary shaped closed coil is made of a wire of
R Q P length L and a current I ampere is flowing in it. If the
4 
(a) 1 .4  10 N towards right plane of the coil is perpendicular to magnetic field B ,
(b) 1 .4  10 4 N towards left 2cm 10cm the force on the coil is
4
(c) 2 .6  10 N to the right 1
4 (a) Zero (b) IBL (c) 2IBL (d) IBL
(d) 2 .6  10 N to the left 20 A 10 A 30 A
2
9. If a current is passed in a spring, it 18. There long straight wires A B C
(a) Gets compressed (b) Gets expanded A, B and C are carrying current
(c) Oscillates (d) Remains unchanged as shown figure. Then the resultant
1A 2A 3A
10. Three long, straight and parallel wires carrying force on B is directed .....
currents are arranged as shown in the figure. The wire C (a) Towards A (b) Towards C d d
which carries a current of 5.0 amp is so placed that it (c) Perpendicular to the plane of paper and outward
experiences no force. The distance of wire C from wire (d) Perpendicular to the plane of paper and inward
D is then 19. Three long, straight parallel wires carrying current,
(a) 9 cm are arranged as shown in figure. The force experienced
(b) 7 cm by a 25 cm length of wire C is D C G
(c) 5 cm
(d) 3 cm (a) 10-3 N
11. A vertical wire carrying a current in the upward (b) 2.5  10-3 N 3 cm 2 cm
direction is placed in horizontal magnetic field directed (c) Zero
towards north. The wire will experience a force directed (d) 1.5  10-3 N 30 A 10 A 20 A
towards Torque on loop MC Galvanometer
(a) North (b) South (c) East (d) West 1. A circular coil of radius 4 cm and of 20 turns carries
12. A power line lies along the east-west direction and a current of 3 amperes. It is placed in a magnetic field
carries a current of 10 ampere. The force per metre due of intensity of 0.5 weber / m 2 . The magnetic dipole
4
to the earth's magnetic field of 10 tesla is moment of the coil is
5 4 3 2
(a) 10 N (b) 10 N (c) 10 N (d) 10 N (a) 0.15 ampere  m 2 (b) 0.3 ampere  m 2
13. Two parallel wires in free space are 10 cm apart and (c) 0.45 ampere  m 2 (d) 0.6 ampere  m 2
each carries a current of 10 A in the same direction. The 2. A circular coil of radius 4 cm has 50 turns. In this
force one wire exerts on the other per metre of length is coil a current of 2 A is flowing. It is placed in a
(a) 2  10 4 N , attractive (b) 2  10 4 N , repulsive magnetic field of 0.1 weber / m 2 . The amount of work
(c) 2  10 7 N , attractive (d) 2  10 7 N , repulsive done in rotating it through 180  from its equilibrium
14. What is the net force on the rectangular coil position will be
(a) 25  10 7 N moving (a) 0.1 J (b) 0.2 J (c) 0.4 J (d) 0.810Jcm
towards wire 3. To make the field radial in a moving coil
7
(b) 25  10 N moving galvanometer 2A
1A 15 cm
away from wire (a) The number of turns in the coil is increased
(c) 35  10 7 N moving (b) Magnet is taken in the form of horse-shoe
2 cm
towards wire (c) Poles are cylindrically cut
(d) 35  10 7 N moving away from wire (d) Coil is wounded on aluminium frame
15. Two long parallel copper wires carry currents of 5A 4. The deflection in a moving coil galvanometer is
each in opposite directions. If the wires are separated by (a) Directly proportional to the torsional constant
(b) Directly proportional to the number of turns in the coil
a distance of 0.5m, then force between the two wires is
(c) Inversely proportional to the area of the coil
(a) 10 5 N , attractive (b) 10 5 N , repulsive
(d) Inversely proportional to the current flowing
(c) 2  10 5 N , attractive (d) 2  10 5 N , repulsive 5. A rectangular loop carrying a current i is placed in a
16. A long wire A carries a current of 10 amp. Another uniform magnetic field B. The area enclosed by the loop
long wire B, Which is parallel to A and separated by is A. If there are n turns in the loop, the torque acting on
0.1m from A, carries a current of 5 amp, in the opposite the loop is given by
direction to that in A. what is the magnitude and nature
of the force experienced per unit length of B (a) ni A  B (b) ni A  B
(a) Repulsive force of 10 4 N / m 1
(c) (i A  B)
1
(d) (i A  B)
4 n n
(b) Attractive force of 10 N / m

6. Four wires each of length 2.0 metres are bent into 2
14. A circular loop of area 0 .01 m carrying a current of
four loops P, Q, R and S and then suspended into 10 A, is held perpendicular to a magnetic field of
uniform magnetic field. Same current is passed in each intensity 0.1T. The torque acting on the loop is
loop. Which statement is correct (a) Zero (b) 0.01 N-m (c) 0.001 N-m (d) 0.8 N-m
15. Due to the flow of current in a circular loop of
radius R, the magnetic induction produced at the centre
P Q P
S
of the loop is B. The magnetic moment of the loop is
(a) BR 3 / 2 0 (b) 2BR 3 /  0 (c) BR 2 / 2 0 (d) 2BR 2 /  0
16. The relation between voltage sensitivity (  V ) and
current sensitivity ( i ) of a moving coil galvanometer is
(a) Couple on loop P will be the highest
(b) Couple on loop Q will be the highest (Resistance of Galvanometer = G)
i V G G
(c) Couple on loop R will be the highest (a) V (b)  i (c)  i (d) V
(d) Couple on loop S will be the highest G G V i
7. A current carrying circular loop is freely suspended 17. A current i flows in a circular coil of radius r. If the
by a long thread. The plane of the loop will point in the coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field B with its
direction plane parallel to the field, magnitude of the torque that
(a) Wherever left free (b) North-south (c) East-west acts on the coil is
(d) At 45  with the east-west direction (a) Zero (b) 2 r i B (c)  r 2 i B (d) 2 r 2 i B
8. The sensitiveness of a moving coil galvanometer 18. Two galvanometers A and B require 3mA and 5mA
can be increased by decreasing respectively to produce the same deflection of 10
(a) The number of turns in the coil divisions. Then
(b) The area of the coil (c) The magnetic field (a) A is more sensitive than B
(d) The couple per unit twist of the suspension (b) B is more sensitive than A
9. A metallic loop is placed in a magnetic field. If a (c) A and B are equally sensitive
current is passed through it, then (d) Sensitiveness of B is 5/3 times that of A
(a) The ring will feel a force of attraction 19. Current i is carried in a wire of length L. If the wire
(b) The ring will feel a force of repulsion is turned into a circular coil, the maximum magnitude
(c) It will move to and fro about its centre of gravity of torque in a given magnetic field B will be
(d) None of these LiB 2 Li 2 B L2iB Li 2 B
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10. A 100 turns coil shown in figure carries a current of 2 2 4 4
2 amp in a magnetic field B  0 .2 Wb / m 2 . The torque 20. A current carrying loop is placed in a uniform
acting on the coil is A B magnetic field. Torque acting on it does not depend
(a) 0.32 Nm tending to rotate upon
10 cm
the side AD out of the page N S

(a) Shape of loop (b) Area of loop
(b) 0.32 Nm tending to rotate (c) Value of current (d) Magnetic field
D C
the side AD into the page 8 cm 21. Four wires of equal length are bent in the form of
(c) 0.0032 Nm tending to rotate the side AD out of the page four loops P, Q, R and S. These are suspended in a
(d) 0.0032 Nm tending to rotate the side AD into the page uniform magnetic field and same current is passed in
11. The coil of a galvanometer consists of 100 turns and them. The maximum torque will act on.
effective area of 1 square cm. The restoring couple is
10 8 N  m / radian . The magnetic field between the pole
pieces is 5 T. The current sensitivity of this
galvanometer will be
(a) 5  10 4 rad /  amp (b) 5  10 6 per amp (a) P (b) Q
(c) 2  10 7 per amp (d) 5 rad /  amp (c) R (d) S
12. A current carrying small loop behaves like a small 22. A toroid of mean radius ' a ' , cross section radius ' r
magnet. If A be its area and M its magnetic moment, the ' and total number of turns N. It carries a current ' i '.
current in the loop will be The torque experienced by the toroid if a uniform
(a) M / A (b) A / M (c) MA (d) A 2 Mmagnetic field of strength B is applied :
13. The current sensitivity of a moving coil (a) is zero (b) is B i N p r2 (c) is B i N p a2
galvanometer can be increased by (d) depends on the direction of magnetic field.
(a) Increasing the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 23. Dipole moment of a current loop is independent of
(b) Increasing the area of the deflecting coil (a) current in the loop (b) number of turns
(c) Increasing the number of turns in the coil (c) area of the loop
(d) Increasing the restoring couple of the coil (d) magnetic field in which it is situated
24. Current I is carried in a wire of length L. If the wire 26. A circular coil of diameter 2.0 cm has 500 turns in it
is formed into a circular coil, the maximum magnitude and carries a current of 1.0 A. Its axis makes an angle of
of torque in a given magnetic field B, will be: 30º with the uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.40
LIB 2
L IB
2
L IB LIB 2
T that exists in the space. Find the torque acting on the
(a) (b) (c) (d) coil.
4 4 2 2
25. To double the torque acting on a rectangular coil of (a) p × 10–8 N - m (b) p × 10–4 N - m
n turns, when placed in a magnetic field. (c) p × 10–6 N - m (d) p × 10–2 N – m
(a) area of the coil and the magnetic induction should
be doubled
(b) area or current through the coil should be doubled
(c) only area of coil should be doubled
(d) number of turns are to be halved

4-Magnetic Effect 2021

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

4-Magnetic Effect 2021

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bagdi Magnetic Effect of CurrentPage 1 of 27 Bagdi

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Direction of magnetic field in a conductor is given by following rules-

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Magnetic field at P due to ‘N’ turn of the coil.

Case-1 :Magnetic field at the center of the coil O , i.e. a = 0 so

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Arc subtends angle  at the centre B

Arc subtends angle (2 – ) at the B

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Concentric loops but their planes 

are at an angle  with each other

Distribution of current across the

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

 B . d l   0 n L I - - - - - (2) ( n- no of turn per unit length ) Comparing eq1 & eq2

Hence magnetic field at a point inside the solenoid at the center B  0 n I .

 B dl Cos 0    Total current through the circles of radius r   [2  r  n ] I

In all the above cases  i

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Also, B || dl along the path a  b and c  d, thus b l a

1. Force is directly proportional to Charge q of the particle. F  q - - - -(1)

after accelerating through potential difference V) then p  mv  2mK  2mqV

So force acting on the conductor F = N F1= (n A l) ( e vd B Sin  )

constant velocity if mg sin

TORQUE ON A CURRENT LOOP IN A UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD: – Consider a

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

conductor will be 8. A small linear segment of an electric circuit is lying

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

(b) 2 × 10–5 N/A-m

0i 3 0i 1. A length L of wire carries a steady

10. The earth's magnetic induction at a certain point is (2)

induction at the centre of a circular conducting loop of (a)     :    :  3  1  (b)     1  :    1  :  3  1 

distance from the wire [ o  permeability of air] (b) 6 60o

ACB away from A

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

field in a straight line 15

(a) A straight line (b) An ellipse (d) 10 tesla in ẑ  direction

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

compound is deflected in a magnetic field. The C) experiences no deflection if subjected to an electric

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

the side AD out of the page N S

Bagdi Enjoy physics with Bagdi sir-9425353097 Bagdi

You might also like