AUTO ENGINE REBUILDING 1 (NC II)

IGNITION SYSTEM
BARING | CABAEL | COLLERA | HUIDEM | PETALLAR | REGIO | YAKIT
IGNITION SYSTEM

The purpose of the ignition system is to generate a

very high voltage from the car's 12-volt battery, and
to send this to each sparkplug in turn, igniting the fuel-
air mixture in the engine 's combustion chambers.
IGNITION SYSTEM

• Battery
• Ignition Switch
• Resistor
• Ignition Coil
• Distributor
• Spark Plugs
 TYPES OF
IGNITION SYSTEM
 Distributor-Based
Breaker-Point Ignition

Oldest type of ignition system is the

conventional breaker-point ignition
system, which sometimes is also
called mechanical ignition systems.
It has been used since the early
days of the automobile industry,
especially through the 1970s.
Distributor-Based
Electronic Ignition

Compared to the earlier breaker-

point ignition system, the use of such
an electronic switch for controlled
timing means there are fewer
moving parts, making these
electronic ignition systems relatively
easy to diagnose and repair.
Distributor-less
Ignition

The fully mechanical distributor was

removed and replace it with solid-state
switches that don’t wear out.
The third types of ignition system is the
distributor-less, also called waste spark
ignition system. Instead of a conventional
trouble-breeding distributor, this system
uses multiple ignition coils: one coil per
cylinder or one for each pair of cylinders.
 UNIFICATION OF PARTS
WIRING FLOW
WIRING FLOW
PARTS and
FUNCTIONS
01 BATTERY
01 BATTERY
• It converts chemical energy to electric energy.
• It is the beginning point of power in the ignition system. It provides
initial current to the ignition system more specifically ignition coil.
• It is a critical component in the electrical, starting, charging, and
the ignition systems.
• It works as storage of energy and charged by dynamo, which is
driven by engine.
TYPES OF BATTERY

Lead acid battery - used in light duty commercial vehicle.

Alkaline battery - used in heavy duty commercial vehicle.
02
IGNITION
SWITCH
02 IGNITION SWITCH
• It is used to turn on and off the ignition system.
• It is the key to getting the car to start. A key is inserted to let you
turn the switch from off to on, accessory, and start.
• Basically, when the key is put inside it and turned the switch in
ON position then the circuit is completed or a close circuit, and
when moved towards the OFF position than its work as an open
circuit.
02 IGNITION SWITCH

Nowadays, this switch is replaced by the Push Button, and this

system is called a keyless system.
Ignition key is an engine-saving device, or a component to
turn on the engine starter. The ignition hole has 4 positions namely;
Off/Lock, Acc/Accessory, On/Run, Start
03 RESISTOR
BALLAST
03 BALLAST RESISTOR

It regulates the temperature of ignition coil by regulating

current and voltage passing from it to avoid overloads or battery
drainage and generally made of iron. It reduces the risk of coil
failure. However, it is used in old automobile vehicles.
TYPES OF BALLAST RESISTOR

• Fixed Resistors - These type of ballast resistors have a fixed resistance. Mostly
a high resistance value is preferred for various applications. This type of
ballast resistor is used mostly in simple circuits that have low powered loads
like neon or LED lamp.
• Self-Variable Resistors - These type of ballast resistors have the property of
changing the resistance according to the change in current. These ballast
resistors are often used in incandescent lamps.
 HOW DOES THE
BATTERY, IGNITION SWITCH
& BALLAST RESISTOR
WORK?
 Battery is connected to the primary winding of ignition coil by ignition switch
and ballast resistor. Ballast resistor is connected in series between ignition coil and
ignition switch.

When the ignition switch turned on, primary voltage current flows from the
battery through the ignition switch to the coil primary windings. A low voltage current
from the battery flows through the primary windings of the ignition coil, through the
breaker points and back to the battery.

However, during the starting of the ignition engine, it causes a significant drain
on the battery. The ballast resistor allows the ignition system to operate at a lower
voltage until the engine starts.
04 COIL
IGNITION
04 IGNITION COIL
An ignition coil, also known as a
spark coil, is an induction coil in your
car’s ignition system which transforms the
battery’s low voltage into thousands of
volts which are needed to create an
electric spark in the spark plugs to ignite
the fuel.
PARTS OF IGNITION COIL

• Primary Winding - it is made up of thick copper wire

having 200 to 300 turns insulated from each other.
• Secondary Winding - it is made up of thin copper wire
having large number of turns about 21000 turns. The
wires in the secondary winding are insulated from each
other by enameled on the wire.
• Iron Core - it consists of a laminated iron core. It is used
to store energy in the form of magnetic field.
TYPES OF IGNITION COIL

• Asphalt ignition coils (cylinder-shaped housing,

filled with asphalt)
• Multi-spark plastic ignition coils
• Ignition coils with integrated ignition module
• Cassette/sequence ignition coils
• Compact ignition coils (ignition coil mounted
directly on the spark plug)
• Pencil ignition coils (ignition coil mounted directly
on the spark plug)
 HOW DOES THE IGNITION COIL WORK?

When the ignition switch is ON, the current through the primary winding starts to
flow, this creates magnetic field in the iron core and around it.
As contact breaks in the contact breaker, the primary current collapses. This also
collapses the magnetic field in the core. This sudden breaking of the magnetic field
induces a very high voltage across the secondary winding. The magnitude of the
voltage induced is about 50000 Volt.
This high voltage then is transferred to the spark plug through the ignition
distributor to produce spark for the ignition.
HOW DOES THE IGNITION COIL WORK?
05 DISTRIBUTOR
05 DISTRIBUTOR

A distributor is an enclosed rotating shaft

used in spark-ignition internal combustion
engines that have mechanically timed ignition.
The distributor's main function is to route
secondary, or high voltage, current from the
ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct
firing order, and for the correct amount of time.
COMPONENTS OF DISTRIBUTOR

Rotor - which spins inside the cap, this rotates at the same
speed as the camshaft, one half the speed of the crankshaft.

Distributor Cap - Is the cover that protects the distributor's

internal parts and holds the contacts between internal rotor
and the spark plug wires. Rotor contacts inside distributor cap.
COMPONENTS OF DISTRIBUTOR

Camshaft - drives the engine, it's is a rotating object usually

made of metal that contains pointed cams, which converts
rotational motion to reciprocal motion.

Contact Breaker - is a type of electrical switch, and the term

typically refers to the switching device found in the distributor
of the ignition systems of spark-ignition internal combustion
engines.
 HOW DOES THE DISTRIBUTOR WORK?

As the rotor spins within the distributor, electric current is able to jump the
small gaps created between the rotor arm and the contacts due to the high
voltage created by the ignition coil.
High voltage is then transferred from the distributor to the spark plug
terminal via a high-tension cable. A voltage difference is generated between
the central electrode and ground electrode.
HOW DOES THE DISTRIBUTOR WORK?
SYMPTOMS OF A BAD OR FAILING DISTRIBUTOR
ROTOR AND CAP

1. Engine misfires
2. Car doesn’t start
3. Check Engine Light comes on
4. Excessive or unusual engine noises
06 PLUGS
SPARK
06 SPARK PLUGS

A spark plug is an electrical device that is

used in internal combustion engines to ignites
compressed aerosol gasoline using an electric
spark. The electrical component is highly used
to perform mechanical jobs. In simple term,
spark plugs turn an energy source (gasoline)
into movement.
PARTS OF SPARK PLUGS

• Insulator - this part insulates the terminal, centre shaft and centre electrode
from the housing. It helps to prevent the escape of high voltage from the
electrodes.
• Terminal - a terminal is attached to a high-tension cord which allows high-
voltage current to flow through the ignition system.
• Ring, Parking Washer - this spark plug component helps the insulator and
the housing tightly fit each other and maintain airtightness.
PARTS OF SPARK PLUGS

• Gasket - the gasket makes the housing and the engine perfectly fit each
other and also maintain the airtightness of the combustion chamber.
• Center Shaft (stem) - the centre shaft connects the terminal and the centre
electrode.
• Glass Seal - the glass seal is located between the centre shaft and
insulator to main the airtightness.
PARTS OF SPARK PLUGS

• Electrode with Copper - a special nickel alloy is employed at the centre

electrode to reduce electrode wear and copper is sealed into the centre
section to enhance its thermal conductivity.
• Housing - the housing creates an outer shell that surrounds and supports the
insulator.
• Central Electrode - the purpose of a centre electrode is to lower the spark
voltage, secure reliable spark improves ignition performance and reduces
the quenching effect.
HOW DOES THE SPARK PLUGS WORK?
HOW DOES THE SPARK PLUGS WORK?
END