Raymundo Luis B.

Bandarlipe Module 1
BTLED – Industrial Arts Prelim

APPLIED AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY (TLE IA9)

Answer the following

1. Label and give the corresponding functions of each part.

HIGH TENSION TERMINAL

PRIMARY TERMINAL (+) PRIMARY TERMINAL (-)

PRIMARY WINDING
20,000 WINDINGS

PRIMARY WINDING
200 TURNS

PRIMARY MAGNETIC FIELD

SOFT IRON CORE

HIGH TENSION TERMINAL

 High tension leads or high tension cables or spark plug wires or spark plug cables are the wires
that connect a distributor, ignition coil, or magneto to each of the spark plugs in some types
of internal combustion engine. "High tension lead" or "cable" is also used for any electrical cable
carrying a high voltage in any context. Tension in this instance is a synonym for voltage. High
tension leads, like many engine components, wear out over time. Each lead contains only one
wire, as the current does not return through the same lead, but through the earthed/grounded
engine which is connected to the opposite battery terminal (negative terminal on modern
engines).

PRIMARY TERMINAL (+)

 This terminal (+) of Ignition Coil is directly connected to the Ignition Switch.

PRIMARY TERMINAL (-)

 This terminal (-) of Ignition Coil is directly connected to the Distributor.

PRIMARY WINDING 20,000 WINDINGS

 The secondary winding consists of thousands of turns of smaller wire.

PRIMARY WINDING 200 TURNS

 The primary winding has relatively few turns of heavy wire.

PRIMARY MAGNETIC FIELD

 This magnetic field is the energy produces by ignition coil that is transferred to the spark plugs.
SOFT IRON CORE
 Soft iron core is used in electromagnets because they get easily magnetised/demagnetised
when current is flowing or not flowing along the solenoid. Whereas, steel is a permanent
magnet and does not lose its magnetization even when the current is switched off. Hence, soft
iron core is preferred over steel core.

 The soft iron inside the coil makes the magnetic field stronger because it becomes a magnet
itself when the current is flowing. Soft iron is used because it loses its magnetism as soon as the
current stops flowing. Soft iron is said to form a temporary magnet. In this way, the
electromagnet can be switched on and off by turning the electricity on and off.
 TO THE SPARK
OUTPUT TERMINAL PLUG
PRIMARY TERMINAL
PRIMARY TERMINAL

SECONDARY COIL

PRIMARY COIL
IRON CORE

TO THE SPARK PLUG (OUTPUT TERMINAL)

 This terminal is usually directly connected to the distributor cap or the spark plug.

PRIMARY TERMINALS
 This two terminals (+) usually connected to the ignition switch, while the (-) part is directly
connected to the distributor.

PRIMARY COIL
 Produces magnetic field.

SECONDARY COIL
 Produces electricity from the magnetic field of the primary coil.

IRON CORE
 It is used to increase the magnetic strength of the electromagnet of the primary coil to produce
electricity of the secondary coil.

TERMINAL

SUPRESSOR

HEX
SEAT COPPER CORE
CENTER ELECTRODE
GROUND ELECTRODE
GAP

TERMINAL
 The terminal connects to the ignition system via wires that snap onto the terminal or eyelet
connectors fastened on the plug under a nut.
SUPRESSOR
 The suppressor utilizes a conductive, rather than a resistive wire as in many prior art
suppressors. In addition, the suppressor employs a core of ferromagnetic materials rather than a
ceramic or insulative core. This facilitates the attainment of high inductance values with
relatively large diameter wire of comparatively few winding turns, with resistance kept at low
values. The inductance produced by the suppressor tends to damp out radio frequency
oscillations produced by the ignition system of which the spark plug is a part.
COPPER CORE
 Copper core increased conductivity, improved heat control and improved resistance to fouling.

CENTER ELECTRODE
 The center electrode ejects the electrons from its hot surface. Connected to the terminal
through an internal wire, the tip can be made of a combination of copper, nikel-iron, noble
metals or chromium.
GROUD ELECTRODE
 The ground electrode runs hot like the center electrode and some have copper core to increase
heat conduction. It is located at the bottom of spark plug.
HEX
 A plugs hex size determines the socket required for installation.

SEAT
 The spark plug's seat seals the combustion chamber. It can be flat with a gasket or tapered. The
cylinder head determines which type is required.
 The seat types CANNOT be interchanged. The wrong seat will not seal the chamber and  cause
compression loss.

GAP
 A gap that is too close will not deliver the proper amount of spark to satisfactorily cause the air
fuel mixture to burn cleanly. While a gap that is too wide may not allow the ignition system to
fire the plug at all. Spark plugs that are not gapped properly will cause the engine to either skip
firing, or ignite too soon in the compression stroke. Properly gapped spark plugs also remove
heat from the cylinder ignition chamber. "The temperature of the end of the plug's firing end
must be kept low enough to prevent pre-ignition, but high enough to prevent fouling. The spark
plug works as a heat exchanger by pulling unwanted thermal energy from the combustion
chamber and transferring heat to the engines cooling system. The heat range of a spark plug is
defined as its ability dissipate heat from the tip."

2. What makes the Automotive Battery explode / Justify

 The most likely cause of a battery exploding aside from human error is a bad voltage
regulator. The regulator is what regulates the voltage the alternator produces. Depending
upon the type of vehicle the regulator is either external or internally built into the alternator
itself.

3. What is the reason why they shifted from direct ignition?

 Because each spark plug has its own dedicated coil, high-voltage spark plug wires are
completely eliminated. This is beneficial for a number of reasons: there are no moving parts
and lower maintenance costs. It should be noted that this can make it more difficult to
diagnose and more expensive to repair than a traditional system, but with lower
maintenance costs, repairs are less frequent. Through the use of the Engine Control Unit,
this system can be designed to generate high voltage, and the ignition timing can be
precisely controlled for lower emissions.

4. Enumerate the parts of Ignition System and give its Definition.

 Basic Components:

 BATTERY- provides power for the circuit.

 IGNITION SWITCH- allows the operator to turn the circuit and engine ON and OFF.
 IGNITION COIL - changes battery voltage to high ignition voltage (30,000 volts and
greater)
  IGNITION DISTRIBUTOR- distributes ignition voltage to the spark plug. Contains
either mechanical contact points or an electronic switching circuit.
 SPARK PLUG- device that provides an air gap in the combustion chamber for an
electric arc.

 Primary Circuit

 Battery - provides the power to run the system.

 Ignition Switch - allows the driver to turn the system on and off.
 Breaker switch - a mechanical switch that acts as the triggering mechanism.
 Condenser - protects the points from burning out.
 Primary Coil - produces the magnetic field which creates the high voltage in the
secondary coil.
 Wires - join all the components together.

 Secondary Circuit

 Secondary Coil - the part of the coil that creates the high voltage electricity.
 Coil Wire - a highly insulated wire, that takes the high voltage from the coil, to the
distributor cap.
 Distributor Cap - a plastic cap which goes on top of the distributor, to hold the high
tension wires in the right order.
 Rotor – spins around on the top of the distributor shaft, and distributes the spark to
the right spark plug.
 Spark Plug Wires - another highly insulated wire that takes the high voltage from the
cap to the plugs.
 Spark Plugs - take the electricity from the wires, and give it an air gap in the
combustion chamber to jump across, to light the mixture.

5. What are the disadvantages of using a breaker ignition system?

 Longevity of the ignition points.
 The maximum amount of current that can flow through the ignition points, was limited to
values around 4 amps.
 This control directly affects the maximum secondary voltage output of the ignition coil by
reducing the amount of coil saturation.
 Another drawback is the limitations placed on the system at high engine speeds.
 Breaker point ignition systems require frequent maintenance to ensure the correct
operation of the ignition system.
 The voltage required to ignite a lean air/fuel mixture could not be economically provided by
the breaker point system.

6. What are the advantages of having an advance setting of ignition system? Compare it with a stock
ignition tuning.
 The advantage of Direct Ignition System is that it is usually seen in modern vehicles. And the
best thing is that the ignition coil is mounted at the top of each cylinder, right directly on top
of the spark plug. No need a spark plug wire. The sparkplug is boosted directly to the
ignition coil. And no need a distributor like on the stock ignition system. Also direct ignition
system run by the ECU. An electronic device use by modern cars.