Challenges

in Teaching
How to be a teacher in 2024?
Standards and Principles of K to 12 Curriculum
(a) The curriculum shall be learner-centered, inclusive and developmentally-
appropriate;

(b) The curriculum shall be relevant, responsive and research-based;

(c) The curriculum shall be culture-sensitive;

(d) The curriculum shall be contextualized and global;

(e) The curriculum shall use pedagogical approaches that are constructivist,
inquiry-based, reflective, collaborative and integrative;
 K to 12 Curriculum
(f) The curriculum shall adhere to the principles and framework of Mother Tongue-Based
Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) which starts from where the learners are and from what
they already know proceeding from the known to the unknown; instructional materials and
capable teachers to implement the MTB-MLE curriculum shall be available;

(g) The curriculum shall use the spiral progression approach to ensure mastery of knowledge
and skills after each level; and

(h) The curriculum shall be flexible enough to enable and allow schools to localize, indigenize
and enhance the same based on their respective educational and social contexts. The
production and development of locally produced teaching materials shall be encouraged
and approval of these materials shall devolve to the regional and division education units.
 Multicultural and
1 Multilingual Education
 Monday
2024-08-10
Schools today are filled
with students of
diverse background.
They may be different
in religion, language,
ethnicity, beliefs, etc.
For multi-cultural and multi-lingual classes,
ü Use culturally-inclusive, responsive and
relevant teaching approaches.
ü Be sensitive and respectful to the culture of
students.
ü Be fair to your students.
ü Employ content integration, cultural
immersion and culture-responsive
pedagogies.
 2
Teaching Students
with Special Needs
Inclusive Education

Teaching children with

difficulties in seeing,
hearing, understanding,
communicating, mobility,
etc. in regular classrooms.
For Students with Special Needs
§ Modify lesson plans, instructional materials,
assessment and even the physical classroom
setup.
§ Coordinate with special education teachers,
guidance counsellors, therapists and
parents.
§ Be very patient, understanding and caring.
3 Multigrade Classes
 Multigrade Classes
One of DepEd's strategies in providing
access to quality education to all school-
aged children in remote communities
where it is not feasible to organize
monograde classes because of the
number of students.
 For Multigrade Classes
Prepare and implement multigrade
curriculum.
Prepare the classroom layout and
furniture to allow multigrade
teaching.
Design and utilize multilevel learning
materials.
 Multiple Intelligences

4
linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence,
musical intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, spatial
intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal
intelligence, naturalist intelligence, existential intelligence
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
by Howard Gardner
 For Multiple Intelligences Classes
q Present lessons in multiple ways through
differentiated instruction.

q Design varied assessment tasks that will enable

learners to demonstrate learning through using
their capacities.
 Learner-Centered and
5 Constructivist Teaching

Learner-
centered
Teaching that focuses on
the needs, interests and
expectations of the learners. Constructivist
Teaching that starts off with the
prior knowledge of the learners and
views students as co-creators of
knowledge.
For Learner-Centered and Constructivist
Teaching
o Encourage learners participation.
o Use real-life or hands-on experiences,
reflective and intuitive problem-solving
activities and investigations.
 6
Brain-based
Learning
Teaching anchored on how
human brain functions and
process information.
 ● Orchestrated immersion - the
teacher has to ensure that the
learning environment of students
provide for a learning experience
Strategies in that bring to life the information
Brain-based that they have to learn.
Relaxed alertness - teachers have
Learning ●
to look after students well-being,
eliminating their fear but at the
same time challenging them to
learn.
● Active processing -students are
able to internalize concepts and
emotions from what they are
learning.
7 ICT Integration in Teaching and Learning
Challenges in ICT
Integration
(Tomaro & Mutiarin, 2018)

• Inadequate computers and

facilities in schools
• Lack of qualified human
resource in ICT training
• Leadership to innovate and
advance in ICT
 Thank you!
Do you have any questions?
kfmuni@usi.edu.ph
Ma'am Tin Muni

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