“Determination of value of Magnetic field”

Biot-Savart’s Law:
It is a rule for calculating magnitude of magnetic field due to a current
carrying conductor.
Let dl be the small length of a conductor
carrying current I. Let P be the point at a
distance r from dl where magnetic field is
to be determined. Let θ be the angle between dl r
dl and r.
According to Biot-savarts law, elementary I
magnetic field dB at due to the current
element at distance r is

1. Directly proportional to the magnitude of current passing through it.

dB α I
2. Directly proportional to the length of the element dl.
dB α dl
3. Directly proportional to the sine of angle between dl and r.
dB α sinθ
4. Inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the point from the
current element.
𝟏
dB α
𝒓𝟐
Combining these four relations we get
𝑰𝒅𝒍𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
dB α
𝒓𝟐
𝒌𝑰𝒅𝒍𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
dB =
𝒓𝟐
Where, K is proportionality constant.
In CGS system, K = 1
𝝁𝒐
In SI system, k =
𝟒𝝅
Where, 𝝁𝒐 = 4π× 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 Henary per meter or Wb𝑨−𝟏 𝒎−𝟏 is permeability of free
space (air/vacuum).
𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉
∴ dB =
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐
 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is
This is the mathematical form of Biot-savart’s law. The direction of 𝒅𝑩
perpendicular to both ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗.
𝒅𝒍 and 𝒓

Application of Biot-Savart’s law

1. Magnetic field at the center of a current carrying circular coil: [LQ, A]

Let us consider a circular coil of radius r and

carrying current I. Let us take a current
element of length dl at any point on the coil.
Then dl is tangent to the circle. So angle
dl
between dl and r is 900. 90o r o Circular coil
Now, according to Biot-Savart’s law,
I
elementary magnetic field dB due to
the current element at a distance r is

𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉
dB =
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐

𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟗𝟎𝐨
dB =
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐

𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥
dB =
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐

Now, total magnetic field due to the whole coil at center is obtained by
integrating dB over the circumference of the circle i.e. from 0 to 2πr.

𝟐𝛑𝐫
∴ B = ∫𝟎 𝒅𝑩

𝟐𝛑𝐫 𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥
B = ∫𝟎
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐

𝝁𝒐 𝑰 𝟐𝛑𝐫
B= ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒍
𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐
 𝝁𝒐 𝑰
B= [𝒍]𝟐𝛑𝐫
𝟎
𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
B= [𝟐𝛑𝐫 − 𝟎]
𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
B= × 2πr
𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
B=
𝟐𝒓

This equation gives magnetic field at the center of a circular coil of radius r and
current carrying I.

If there are N number of turns in the coil, then total magnetic field at the center
is
𝝁𝒐 𝑵𝑰
B=
𝟐𝒓

The direction of magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the coil (right
hand thumb rule).

2. Magnetic field due to a long straight current carrying conductor [LQ,

A ∞]
Y
Let us consider a long straight
conductor carrying current I. Let P be the
point at a distance ‘a’ from the
conductor where magnetic field is to be I
determined.
a φ1
Let us take an elementary length dl of O P
the conductor at a distance r from point φ
φ2
P. Let the angle between dl and r be θ. l
θ r
Let, OQ = l and ∠OQP = θ dl
Q

Now, according to Biot-Savart’s law,

elementary magnetic field dB due to the
current element at a distance r is
X
 𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉
dB = ------------ (1)
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐

In triangle OPQ,
sinθ = sin(900-φ) = cosφ ----------- (a)
𝒂 𝒂
cosφ = ∴r= = a secφ -------- (b)
𝒓 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛟
𝒍
And, tanφ =
𝒂
l = a tanφ
𝒅𝒍 𝒅(𝒕𝒂𝒏𝝓)
=a
𝒅𝝓 𝒅𝝓
𝒅𝒍
= asec2φ
𝒅𝝓
dl = asec2φdφ ----------------------- (c)

Using equations (a), (b) and (c) in equation (1) we get,

𝟐
𝝁𝒐 𝐈 𝐚 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝛟 𝐝𝛟 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛟
dB =
𝟒𝝅 (𝐚 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝛟)𝟐

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
dB = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛟 𝐝𝛟
𝟒𝝅𝒂

Now, total magnetic field due to the whole conductor is obtained by integrating
dB within the limit −𝝓𝟏 to 𝝓𝟐

𝝓
B = ∫−𝝓𝟐 𝐝𝐁
𝟏

𝝓 𝝁𝒐 𝑰
B = ∫−𝝓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓𝒅𝝓
𝟏 𝟒𝝅𝒂

𝝁𝒐 𝑰 𝝓𝟐
B= ∫−𝝓 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓𝒅𝝓
𝟒𝝅𝒂 𝟏

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
B= [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝓]𝝓𝟐
−𝝓𝟏
𝟒𝝅𝒂
 𝝁𝒐 𝑰
B= [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝓𝟐 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(−𝝓𝟏 )]
𝟒𝝅𝒂

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
B= [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝓𝟐 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝓𝟏 ]
𝟒𝝅𝒂

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
B= [𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝓𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝓𝟐 ]
𝟒𝝅𝒂

This equation gives the magnetic field due to a straight conductor of finite
length.
𝝅
For a conductor of infinite length, 𝝓𝟏 = 𝝓𝟐 =
𝟐

𝝁𝒐 𝑰 𝝅 𝝅
∴B= [𝒔𝒊𝒏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ]
𝟒𝝅𝒂 𝟐 𝟐

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
∴B= [𝟏 + 𝟏]
𝟒𝝅𝒂

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
∴B= ×2
𝟒𝝅𝒂

𝝁𝒐 𝑰
∴B=
𝟐𝝅𝒂
This equation gives the magnetic field due to a straight conductor of infinite
length.

Magnetic lines of force are concentric circles around the straight conductor
(Right hand thumb rule).
3. Magnetic field on the axis of a current carrying circular coil. [LQ, A∞]
Y

dl
S

dBcosα
r

R ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐝𝐁
α
α dBsinα
X α dBsinα
X
O P
Z
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐝𝐁
I
dBcosα

Let us consider a circular coil of radius R carrying current I in (anti-clock wise

direction). Let the coil be in YZ plane and its center be at origin so that the
axis of the coil is along X-axis. Let P be the point on the axis of the coil and at
a distance x from origin where magnetic field is to be determined.

Let us take a current element of length dl at any point on the coil which is at a
distance r from point P. Then according to Biot-Savart’ law, elementary
magnetic field dB at distance r due to elementary length dl of a conductor
carrying current I is
𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉
dB =
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐

Here, angle between dl and r is 90o.

𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟗𝟎
∴ dB =
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐
 𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥
dB =
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐

The direction of dB is perpendicular to both dl and r i.e. along PS. The

components of dB are dBcosα along Y-axis and dBsinα along X-axis.

As the coil is symmetric, for each current element of length dl, there is an equal
and opposite element. The component dB cosα due to these elements are equal
and opposite and they cancel out. But the component dBsinα due to each
element is directed along X-axis and are added.

Therefore, total magnetic field due to the whole coil at point P is the sum of
dBsinα component due to each such current element.
𝟐𝛑𝐑
B = ∫𝟎 𝐝𝐁𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂
𝟐𝝅𝑹 𝝁𝒐 𝐈𝐝𝐥
B = ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶
𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟐

𝛍𝐨 𝐈𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂 𝟐𝛑𝐑
B= ∫𝟎 dl
𝟒𝛑𝐫 𝟐

𝛍𝐨 𝐈𝐑 𝟐𝛑𝐑 𝑹
B= ∫𝟎 𝐝𝐥 (sinα = )
𝟒𝛑𝐫 𝟑 𝒓

𝝁𝒐 𝑰𝑹
B= [ 𝒍 ]𝟐𝝅𝑹
𝟎
𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟑

𝛍𝐨 𝐈𝐑
B= [𝟐𝛑𝐑 − 𝟎]
𝟒𝛑𝐫 𝟑

𝛍𝐨 𝐈𝐑
B= × 𝟐𝝅𝑹
𝟒𝛑𝐫 𝟑

𝝁𝒐 𝑰𝑹𝟐
B=
𝟐𝒓𝟑
𝟏
But 𝒓𝟐 = 𝑹𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 or, r = (𝐑𝟐 + 𝐱 𝟐 )𝟐

𝛍𝐨 𝐈𝐑𝟐
∴B= 𝟑
𝟐(𝐑𝟐 +𝐱 𝟐 )𝟐

This is magnetic field due to a circular coil on its axis.

If there are N number of turns in the coil than total magnetic field on axis is
 𝝁𝒐 𝑵𝑰𝑹𝟐
B=
𝟐𝒓𝟑

𝝁𝒐 𝑵𝑰𝑹𝟐
B= 𝟑
𝟐(𝑹𝟐 +𝒙𝟐 )𝟐

The direction of magnetic field is along the axis of the coil.

4. Magnetic field along axis of current carrying solenoid. [LQ, A+]

A solenoid is a cylindrical coil having large number of circular turns.

bbb
x
C x-xo P
x
Z Xo

Let us consider a long solenoid of radius R having n number of turns per

unit length and carrying current I. Let the axis of the solenoid be along X-axis
and P be the point on the axis and at a distance 𝒙𝟎 from the origin where
magnetic field due to the solenoid is to be determined.
Let us consider small coil AB of length dx at a distance x from origin. From the
center of AB, let us draw QC perpendicular to axis. Let QP = r and ∠CPQ=φ.

Here AB behaves like a circular coil and P is a point on its axis. We know that
magnetic field on the axis of a circular coil is
𝝁𝟎 𝑰𝑹𝟐
dB =
𝟐𝒓𝟑
Number of turns in unit length is n
∴Number of turns in the coil of AB of length dx is ndx.

∴ Magnetic field at point P due to coil AB is

𝝁𝟎 𝑰𝑹𝟐
dB = ndx -----------------(1)
𝟐𝒓𝟑

In triangle CPQ,
𝑹
sinφ = ∴ r = Rcosecφ ----------------------- (a)
𝒓

𝑹
tanφ =
𝒙𝟎 − 𝒙
𝑹
𝒙𝒐 − 𝒙 = = Rcotφ
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝛗
𝒅(𝒙𝒐 −𝒙) 𝒅(𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐭𝛟)
=
𝒅𝝓 𝒅𝝓
𝒅𝒙
0- = -Rcosec2φ
𝒅𝝓
dx = Rcosec2φ dφ --------------------------------(b)

Using equations (a) and (b) in equation (1) we get,

𝝁𝟎 𝑰𝑹𝟐
dB = n Rcosec2φ dφ
𝟐(𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝛟)𝟑

𝝁𝟎 𝑰𝑹𝟑
dB = ncosec2φ dφ
𝟐𝑹𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝟑𝛟

𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
dB = dφ
𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝛟

𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
dB = sinφ dφ
𝟐

Now, total magnetic field at point P due to the whole solenoid is obtained by
integrating dB in the limit 𝝓𝟏 to 𝝓𝟐 .
𝝓
∴ dB = ∫𝝓 𝟐 𝒅𝑩
𝟏
 𝝓 𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
∴ dB = ∫𝝓 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛟 𝐝𝛟
𝟏 𝟐
𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰 𝝓𝟐
dB = ∫𝝓 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛟 𝐝𝛟
𝟐 𝟏

𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
dB = [−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓]𝝓𝟐
𝝓𝟏
𝟐
𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
dB = - [𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓]𝝓𝟐
𝝓𝟏
𝟐
𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
dB = - [𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓𝟐 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓𝟏 ]
𝟐
𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
dB = [𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓𝟐 ]
𝟐

This relation gives magnetic field due to a solenoid of finite length.

For a solenoid of infinite length, 𝝓𝟏 =00 and 𝝓𝟐 = π

𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
∴ dB = [𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟎 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝅]
𝟐
𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
∴ dB = [𝟏 − (−𝟏)]
𝟐
𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰
∴ dB = ×2
𝟐

dB = 𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝑰

This relation gives magnetic field due to a solenoid of finite length.

This magnetic field is uniform inside the solenoid and is directed along the axis
of the solenoid.
Force between two parallel current currying conductors. [LQ/N/SQ, A++]
When a current carrying conductor is placed in the magnetic field of
another current carrying conductor, there exists force between them. If the
current in the two conductors are in same direction, the conductors attract each
other and if current are in opposite direction, the conductors repel each other.

a) When like current passes through two conductors.

I1 I2
I1 I2

Bx (inward)

FY

FX

By (outward)

Let us consider two conductor X and Y of length L1 and L2 and carrying current I1
and I2 respectively. Let the two conductors be separated by a distance r.

Now, magnetic field at point P on conductor Y due to current I1 in conductor X is

𝝁𝒐𝐈𝟏
Bx =
𝟐𝝅𝒓

Bx is perpendicular to the plane of the and it is directed inward (Right hand

thumb rule)

Since the conductor Y carrying current I2 is in magnetic field Bx, it experiences

force given by

fy = BxI2L2sin900
𝝁𝒐𝐈𝟏
fy = I2L2
𝟐𝝅𝒓
 𝛍 𝐨 𝐈𝟏 𝐈𝟐
fy = × 𝑳𝟐
𝟐𝛑𝐫

Therefore, force per unit length on the conductor Y is

𝐟𝐲
Fy =
𝐋𝟐

𝛍 𝐨 𝐈𝟏 𝐈𝟐
Fy =
𝟐𝛑𝐫

The force Fy is on the plane of the paper and it is directed towards the conductor
X.

Similarly, force per unit length on the conductor X is

𝛍 𝐨 𝐈𝟏 𝐈𝟐
Fx =
𝟐𝛑𝐫

The force Fx is on the plane of the paper and it is directed towards the conductor
Y.

Thus, the forces Fx and Fy are equal and attractive. Hence when current passes
through two conductors in same direction, the conductors attract each other.

b) When unlike current passes through two conductors.

I1 I2
I1 I2

By (inward)
Bx (inward)

Fx Fy

X Y
X Y
 When current I1 and I2 pass through two conductors X and Y in opposite
direction then it can be shown that,
𝛍 𝐨 𝐈𝟏 𝐈𝟐
Fx = - Fy =
𝟐𝛑𝐫

The direction of magnetic field and force is as shown in figure.

The forces Fx and Fy are equal and opposite. Hence, repulsive force is produced
and the conductors repel each other.

Ampere’s circuital law:

It states that, “the line integral of magnetic field ⃗𝑩
⃗ around any closed
path in free space is equal to 𝝁𝒐 times the total current enclosed by the path.”

⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∮ ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = 𝝁𝒐 I

Where, 𝝁𝒐 is permeability of free space, dl is small element of closed path and I

is the total current enclosed by the closed path.

Proof:
Let us consider a straight conductor
carrying current I. Let P be the point I
at a distance r from the conductor.
From point P, let us draw a closed ⃗𝑩
⃗
circular path of radius r. Then magnetic
field B at any point on the circle is r ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒅𝒍
𝝁𝒐 𝑰 P
B=
𝟐𝝅𝒓
The magnetic lines of force
around the straight conductor are
concentric circles and the direction of magnetic
field at any point on the circle is given by
the direction of tangent drawn at that point.

If we consider small length dl on the circular path, then angle between B and dl
is 00.

Now,

⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ∮ 𝑩𝒅𝒍𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟎𝟎
⃗⃗ ∙ 𝒅𝒍
∮𝑩

= ∮ 𝑩𝒅𝒍

= B∮ 𝒅𝒍

= B × 2πr
𝛍𝐨 𝐈
= ×2πr
𝟐𝛑𝐫

⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∴ ∮ ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = 𝝁𝒐 I

Application of Ampere’s circuital law:

1. Magnetic field due to a straight current carrying conductor.

Let us consider a straight conductor

carrying current I. Let P be the point I
at a distance r from the conductor
where magnetic field is to be ⃗⃗
𝑩
determined.
r ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒅𝒍
From point P, let us draw a closed
P
circular path of radius r. Since magnetic
field around the straight conductor is
concentric circles, the direction of magnetic
field at any point on the circle is given by
the direction of tangent drawn at that point.

Let dl be the small length of the circular path then angle between B and dl is 00.

Now, according to amperes circuital law we have,

⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∮ ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = 𝝁𝒐 × total current enclosed

∮ 𝑩𝒅𝒍𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟎𝟎 = 𝝁𝒐 × I

∮ 𝑩𝒅𝒍 = 𝝁𝒐 I

B∮ 𝒅𝒍 = 𝝁𝒐 I

B × 2πr = 𝝁𝒐 I
𝝁𝒐 𝐈
B=
𝟐𝛑𝐫

This is an expression for magnetic field due to a straight current carrying

conductor at distance r.

2. Magnetic field due to a current carrying solenoid. [LQ, A∞]

L
R
I S

⃗⃗
𝑩 P Q
 Let us consider a long solenoid having n number of turns per unit length
and carrying current I. Then magnetic field is produced inside the solenoid
which is uniform and directed along the axis of the solenoid. But magnetic field
outside the solenoid is very small and can be neglected.

To calculate the magnetic field, let us consider a closed rectangular path PQRS
of length PQ = RS = L

Number of turns per unit length of solenoid = n

∴ Number of turns in length L of solenoid = nL

Current flowing in each turn = I

∴ Total current enclosed by the path = nLI --------------------- (1)

Now the line integral of magnetic field ⃗𝑩

⃗ over the closed path is
𝑸 𝑹 𝑺 𝑷
⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∮ ⃗𝑩 ⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒅𝒍 = ∫𝑷 ⃗𝑩 ⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒅𝒍 + ∫𝑸 ⃗𝑩 ⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒅𝒍 + ∫𝑹 ⃗𝑩 ⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒅𝒍 + ∫𝑺 ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 ------------ (2)

Now,
𝑸 𝑸 𝑸
⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∫𝑷 ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = ∫𝑷 𝑩𝒅𝒍𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟎𝟎 = B∫𝑷 𝒅𝒍 =BL ---------- (a)
𝑹 𝑹
⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∫𝑸 ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = ∫𝑸 𝑩𝒅𝒍𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟗𝟎𝟎 = 0 ---------- (b)

𝑺
⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∫𝑹 ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = 0 ---------- (c) (B outside the solenoid is zero)
𝑷 𝑷
⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∫𝑺 ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 =∫𝑺 𝑩𝒅𝒍𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟗𝟎𝟎 = 0 ----------- (d)

Using equations (a), (b), (c) and (d) in equation (2) we get,

⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∮ ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = BL + 0 + 0 + 0

⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∮ ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = BL ----------------- (3)

Now, according to amperes circuital law we have,

⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∮ ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = 𝝁𝒐 × total current enclosed
Using equations (1) and (2) we get,

BL = 𝝁𝒐 nLI

B = 𝝁𝒐 nI

This is an expression for magnetic field inside a current carrying solenoid.

3. Magnetic field due to a current carrying toroid.

⃗𝑩
⃗
A toroid is a solenoid bend in the form of
a ring and its ends are put together as dl
shown in figure.
let us consider a toroid of radius r having
n number of turns per unit length and
carrying current I. Then magnetic field is
produced inside the winding of the toroid.
The magnetic lines of force are uniform
concentric circles. But magnetic field
inside and outside the winding of toroid is
negligible.

To apply Ampere’s circuital law, let us draw a closed circular path of radius r
inside the winding of toroid.

Length of toroid = circumference = 2πr

Number of turns per unit length = n

∴ Total number of turns in the toroid = 2πrn

Current through each turn = I

∴ Total current enclosed by the path = 2πrnI ---------- (1)

The magnetic lines of force inside the toroid are uniform concentric circles. The
direction of magnetic field at any point on the circle is given by the tangent
drawn at that point. So, at any point on the circular path, the angle between B
and dl is 00.

⃗⃗ over the closed path is

Now the line integral of magnetic field 𝑩

⃗ ∙ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
∮ ⃗𝑩 𝒅𝒍 = ∮ 𝑩𝒅𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟎𝟎

= ∮ 𝑩𝒅𝒍

= B∮ 𝒅𝒍

= B × 2πr ----------- (2)

Now, according to amperes circuital law we have,

⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝝁𝒐 × total current enclosed

⃗⃗ ∙ 𝒅𝒍
∮𝑩

Using equations (1) and (2) we get,

B × 2πr = 𝝁𝒐 × 2πrnI

B = 𝝁𝒐 nI

Thus a toroid is equivalent to an infinite solenoid.