Reading
Reading is the act of looking at printed words
and understanding or comprehending what
they mean or what they are saying, or the act
of saying those words out loud or of
interpreting those words. It is a process that
involves recognizing words and leading to the
development of comprehension. Reading can
be silent or aloud.
READING DEFINED (ROMERO & ROMERO,
1985)
Reading is decoding written symbols.
Reading is getting meaning from printed page.
Reading is putting meaning into the printed
page.
Reading is the process of interpreting the
written symbols.
Reading is the process of communication
between author and reader.
Therefore reading is the active process &
understanding the print and graphic text.
- Is a thinking process
- Difference between it’s just a sense of
sight than understanding what you’re reading
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE READING
PROCESS
1. Reading is a complex process.
Reading is a complex process because there
are many factors involved that may affect
one’s performance in reading. Word
recognition, identifying and making sense
out of the words being read are also a few
of the requisites towards better
comprehension of the text.
2. Reading is a two-way process.
Reading is not just receiving or absorption
of ideas; it is an interaction or
communication between the author and
the reader. When the reader fails to
understand the text, he may have a
problem of poor comprehension, thus
communication gap between him and the
author occurs. The reading act is complete
only when the reading is put to use in some
way, like communicating with others in
discussion, reporting, summarizing, etc.
- It is a process of communication
between the author and the reader
- You have to communicate properly in
order for the reader to understand
what is being conveyed.
-
3. Reading is largely a visual process.
For one to be able to read well, he has to
have good eyesight.
Visual process – there’s the process of the
brain. Not only the text but the also the
graphics.
4. Reading is an active process.
The reader constructs meaning from a text
and may have different interpretation of
what he reads because of his experiences
and knowledge. As a reader reads, he asks
questions and looks for points to which he
agrees or disagrees.
5. Reading makes use of a linguistic
system which enables readers to be
more effective users of written
language.
A reader would do better if he knows the
syntax, orthography, and morphology of a
language. Having said this, he could interact
more effectively with the printed page.
Even the hypo luting words or deep words,
we’re able to understand these because of
reading.
Before being a good writer, they did a lot of
reading first.
6. Effective reading is partly dependent
on the reader’s prior knowledge or
background experiences.
A person’s knowledge of the topic
facilitates comprehension.
Make sure that you like the topic given.
Will be depending on the knowledge and
the reader itself.
STAGES OF READING
1. Pre-reading Stage
During this stage, the individual is engaged
in a program of experiences aimed to
enhance his oral language development to a
level equal to or greater than the level of
materials for beginning reading.
Experiences are provided for concept
development.
Pre-reading Stage
The individual is also trained auditory and
visual discrimination, listens to, tells, and
discusses stories and learns basic work and
study habits. To develop his mental,
physical, emotional, and social readiness for
reading, further experiences are provided.
Language development ka palang.
Sa mga letters ka palang. How it is being
written.
2. Initial Reading Stage
The individual begins to use picture,
context, and configuration clues to
recognize words and then goes on to
beginning instruction in phonetic and
structural analysis techniques.
Initial Reading Stage
He learns to use and handle books, acquires
the understanding that reading yields
information, and begins to develop skills in
finding main ideas, anticipating outcomes,
making inferences, finding details, and
noting sequences.
You’re trying to check for configuration.
You’re trying to make inferences, and
you’re doing cross examine.
3. Stage of Rapid Progress
The reader extends his use of a variety of
word-recognition techniques and begins to
use the dictionary for word meaning,
spelling, and pronunciation.
Stage of Rapid Progress
He extends his vocabulary and
comprehension skills, he reads with
understanding a greater variety of
materials, and he begins to read
independently for information and
pleasures.
You’re now into the word recognition.
You’re now trying to formulate word
sentences.
4. Stage of Extended Reading Experience
and Rapidly Increasing Reading
Efficiency
The individual, at this stage, uses word-
recognition techniques automatically, and is
almost completely independent in reading.
He reads with understanding in the subject
areas, extends his dictionary independently,
and begins to use reading as a tool in
problem solving.
At this stage, you’re now trying to use diff
reading techniques and the use of
dictionary will be now independent.
You’re still using it however ‘di na katulad
ng dati.
5. Stage of Refinement in Reading
Abilities, Attitudes, and Tastes
The individual reader has acquired
independence in locating and utilizing a
variety of materials, is aware of varied
purposes for reading, and has developed
skills of critical evaluation of material read.
His reading interests are extended, and his
literary tastes refined. This refinement
process actually begins with initial reading
instruction and proceeds into adult life.
You’re excellent na here
You’re looking for the particular reading
techniques.
You’re now criticizing what you’re reading,
you’re evaluating different genres and
you’re using you’re critical thinking. You’re
start asking
Is this coherent?
Do they have evidences?
Do they have their claims?
Reading Techniques
1. Organizational Patterns – sequencing,
comparison and solution
Types of Organizational Patterns
a. Spatial order – info and ideas which are
arranged in order and related to
geographic location
War (distance or location) – used diagrams,
geographical/historical maps, atlas
b. Order of importance – chronological
order
Describes everything what happened
- Most to least
- Least to most
- Flow chart
- Pyramid to show importance DOH (food
chart)
- Sequencing
- Even in rrl (local to intl or vice versa)
c. Cause and Effect – we are arranging to
link a result
Showing the logical relationship between
causes and effects
-fish bone diagram
-Tables (2 columns or 3)
d. generalization – arrangement of information
based on the pattern of general to specific or
specific to general
-pyramid
-process charts
-web charts (bar graphs, pie graphs)
e. time order – can be seen in history books
looking into account of sequence of events
- Commonly used is timeline
f. compare and contrast – make sure what is
the basis of your comparison

-Tables is also applicable

-Venn diagram – 2 or more circles, depending

on the topic you’re reading

g. classification – basically easy to understand

concept or categorization

-you’re grouping

-theming (qualitative)

-most used in elementary

-red, blue and green

graphic organizer – to organize the info and

show the relationship among the ideas

2. Finding signal words – cues or hints to the

reader about the new idea or the transition of
the idea.

I’m going to the mall today, however (negative)

Because (there’s a reason)