Aspects

Political
- Ortega was leader of Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as coordinator of the Junta
of National Reconstruction (1979–1985) and then as an elected President of
Nicaragua (1985–1990)
- Ortega was defeated in the 1990 Nicaragua general election by Violeta Chamorro.
Ortega was an unsuccessful candidate for president in 1996 and 2001 but won the
2006 Nicaraguan general election
- His second administration became increasingly antidemocratic, alienating many of
his former revolutionary allies, some of whom compared him to Somoza, who they
had overthrown.[
- Now a days, Ortega altered the electoral law allowing him to win an election in the
first round with just 35 percent of the vote something unprecedented in Latin
America, and he also changed the constitution to allow him to continue to be re
elected ever since 2007
- In June 2018, Amnesty International and the Inter-American Commission on Human
Rights of the Organization of American States reported that Ortega had engaged in a
violent oppression campaign against protesters in response to the anti-Ortega
2018–2021 Nicaraguan protests
- The violent crackdown during 2018 protests and subsequential decrease of civil
liberties have led to massive waves of migration to Costa Rica, with over 30,000
Nicaraguans filing for asylum

Consequences
The acute scarcities provoked by the war and sanctions forced people to take desperate
measures. People would eat things like iguanas to try to cure things like asthma or diabetes
since
- it was almost impossible to find ordinary medicine
- Current migration and security crisis in Central America
- Nicaragua is second poorest country in the Western Hemisphere after Haiti, half the
population lives in acute poverty, and one out of every three children suffers from
chronic malnutrition

Social
- The FSLN army entered Managua, culminating the first goal of the Nicaraguan
revolution. The war left approximately 50,000 dead and 150,000 Nicaraguans in exile
- The contras were coming from Honduras, from camps where Americans were
training them. They were assassinating political leaders, and peasants
- Human rights violations
- The repression intensified in his fourth term, ordering the closure of several NGOs,
universities, and non-related newspapers
Economy
- The Sandinistas inherited a country in ruins with a debt of 1.6 billion dollars (US), an
estimated 50,000 war dead, 600,000 homeless, and a devastated economic
infrastructure
- Not content with fueling the civil war, in May 1985 the Reagan administration imposed
an economic ‘embargo’ and closed the door to Nicaraguan imports. Even though
Nicaragua is rich in natural resources the embargo had devastating effects because
when the US declared economic sanctions against the Sandinistas everything from fuel
to fertilizers began to disappear. Without petrol or spare parts for their vehicles farmers
could not transport their goods to market and export crops like tobacco.
- When the Sandinistas left, they did not leave empty-handed, they changed the law
passing two laws to accelerate the legalization of poverty. Much of this was fair but the
laws were used and manipulated to enrich the Sandinistas, while their countrymen were
in ruins, and Nicaragua was bankrupt and in tatters
- The right-wing president Aleman was widely denounced even by Ortega for widespread
corruption. The Somoza dictatorship had more than 40 years to accumulate wealth but
in less than six years Aleman became a multimillionaire. He was tried and sentenced to
20 years in prison for swindling millions of dollars from the state. Ortega used his
influence in the courts to get him out of jail and later to have them acquitted at a price

Nowadays
- while the majority of Nicaraguans live in poor conditions. This is different to some of the
revolution architects. Today Daniel Ortega's brother Alberto, the former Sandinista
defense minister, is a wealthy businessman and other Sardinistas leaders own large
amounts of real estate financial institutions and telecommunications companies
- Now a days the economic