LR004WS03 - Libacq - Final Feasibility Report - REV01

Consulting Services for a Detailed Feasibility Study
Report, Detailed Design Report, Environmental/Social

Safeguards Studies and Tender Documents for the
replacement of the 36-Inch Main Transmission Line
which transports treated water form
White Plains Water Treatment Plant to Monrovia
Contract No. LWSC-109132-CS-QCBS
DETAIL
FEASIBILITY REPORT
(INITIAL PRELIMINARY
REPORT)
Submitted by:
In JV with
Address: 10 Philpot Lane,

1st Floor, London EC3M Sub Consultant
8AA, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 2078411391
e-mails: sari@saritd.com BK-Enterprise
tenders@sariltd.com
January 2022
LIBERIA Replacement of the 36-Inch Main Transmission Line which transports Document Title
(LWSC) treated water form White Plains Water Treatment Plant to Monrovia Detail Feasibility Study
Index
1 PROJECT CONTEXT .............................................................................................................. 6
1.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSULTING SERVICES ...................................................................... 6
1.1.1. Objective of the Project .................................................................................................. 6
1.1.2. Scope of Service .............................................................................................................. 7
1.2. CONTENTS OF THE PRESENT REPORT ....................................................................................... 9
1.3. ANTICIPATION OF THE ASSIGNMENT PROVIDED BY THE CONSULTANT .................................... 9
1.3.1. Arrangements to be realized in the Tubman Road construction .................................... 9
1.3.2. Pre-qualification tender criteria for the construction bidders ..................................... 10
1.4. CONSULTED DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................................... 11
1.5. GENERAL SYNTHETIC DESCRIPTION OF THE MONROVIA WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
INCLUDING MAIN PIPELINES, EXISTING AND IN CONSTRUCTION RESERVOIRS ................................ 13
Raw water Transmission Pipe from the Mount Coffee Dam to the White Plains Water
Treatment Plant and River Intake .......................................................................................... 14
The Transmission Line............................................................................................................ 15
1.6. COMMUNITIES OUTLETS ALONG PIPE ..................................................................................... 17
1.7. HYDRAULIC FINDINGS OF THE ASSESSMENT PHASE ............................................................... 18
1.7.1. New conduction pipe from the dam to the WTP ........................................................... 18
1.7.2. White Plains Water Treatment Plant - Location .......................................................... 19
The White Plains Water Treatment Plant ............................................................................... 20
1.7.3. Pumping system ............................................................................................................ 22
1.7.4. Route of the 36-inch pipeline ........................................................................................ 22
2 DESCRIPTION OF POSSIBLE FUNCTIONAL SOLUTIONS ......................................... 27
2.1. POSSIBLE FUNCTIONAL SOLUTIONS CARACHTERISTICS.......................................................... 27
2.1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 27
2.1.2. Solution B ..................................................................................................................... 27
2.1.3. Solution MSRF Type A ................................................................................................. 27
2.1.4. Solution MSRF Type B ................................................................................................. 29
2.2. GENERAL DESIGN ANALYSES ................................................................................................. 31
2.2.1. Consumptions and population projection..................................................................... 31
2.2.2. Criteria for water demand projection .......................................................................... 32
2.2.3. Water demand projection ............................................................................................. 32
2.2.3. Existing water infrastructure ........................................................................................ 33
2.3. GENERALITIES ON THE PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS ............................................................... 35
2.4. SOLUTION B: SIMPLE REPLACING OF THE 36” EXISTING PIPE ................................................. 35
2.5. SOLUTION MSRF-TYPE A: REPLACING OF THE 36” EXISTING PIPE + REALIZATION OF A 3.2
MG RESERVOIR IN TOWN AT MORISON FARM + DOUPLE PIPE TO PAYNESVILLE RESERVOIR ........ 39
2.6. SOLUTION MSRF-TYPE B: REPLACING OF THE 36” EXISTING PIPE + REALIZATION OF A 3.2
MG RESERVOIR IN TOWN AT MORISON FARM + BOOSTER TO PAYNESVILLE RESERVOIR .............. 42
3 PROPOSED UPGRADING OF THE WATER SUPPLY CONDUCTION SYSTEM...... 44
3.1. MAIN PIPELINE ...................................................................................................................... 44
3.1.1. Chosen material ............................................................................................................ 44
3.1.2. Technical characteristics of Material........................................................................... 45
3.1.3. Diameter ....................................................................................................................... 46
3.2. NEW RESERVOIR FOR THE CONDUCTION SYSTEM ................................................................. 47
3.3. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL FIELD AT THE WTP .......................................................................... 49
Project Code: File name: Date: SARI Consulting Ltd 1 Page

LR_004_WS_03 Libacq-FS-report-REV 10/01/22
Summary table of the presented options ................................................................................. 51

3.4. RECOMMENDED INTERVENTIONS AT WTP ............................................................................ 53
4 HYDRAULIC MODEL, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................... 54
4.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... 54
4.2. SOLUTION B .......................................................................................................................... 55
4.3. SOLUTION MSRF - TYPE A ................................................................................................... 68
4.4. SOLUTION MSRF - TYPE B ................................................................................................... 84
5 ANALYSES WITH PRIORITY MATRIX............................................................................ 92
5.1. DESCRIPTION AND WEIGHTS OF THE ADOPTED TECHNICAL CRITERIA .................................... 92
5.2. BENEFIT MATRIX .................................................................................................................. 93
6 SELECTED SOLUTION ........................................................................................................ 97
6.1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 97
6.2. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................... 97
6.3. TENDER FLEXIBILITY ............................................................................................................. 97
7 SOCIAL – ENVIROMENTAL SITUATION........................................................................ 99
7.1. AGRICULTURE ....................................................................................................................... 99
7.2. RELIGION .............................................................................................................................. 99
7.3. SANITATION .......................................................................................................................... 99
7.4. ACCESS TO WATER ................................................................................................................ 99
7.5. INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSING AND INDUSTRY ........................................................................ 99
7.6. GENERAL INEQUALITY INDEX ............................................................................................. 100
7.7. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND KEY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COMPONENTS
................................................................................................................................................... 100
7.8. MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS.................................................................. 101
8 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT .............................................................. 103
8.1. GENERAL ............................................................................................................................ 103
8.2. SOCIAL IMPACTS ................................................................................................................. 103
8.3. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ........................................................................................................ 103
9 ENVIROMENTAL, SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ............... 104
10 GENDER MAINSTREAMING ..................................................................................... 105
10.1. GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 105
10.2. MONITORING PROGRAM AND COMPLEMENTARY INITIATIVES .......................................... 105
10.3. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING ............................................ 107
10.4. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ......................................................................... 109
11 WORK SCHEDULE ....................................................................................................... 110
ANNEXES: ................................................................................................................................ 111
ANNEX 1: LIST OF DOCUMENTS SUPPLIED BY LWSC AND BY OTHER PROVIDERS
................................................................................................................................................... 111
ANNEX 2: GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION – SPECIFICATIONS
................................................................................................................................................... 129
General ................................................................................................................................. 129
Drillings ................................................................................................................................ 129
Pit testing .............................................................................................................................. 130
Location of the site tests ....................................................................................................... 130

Laboratory testing ................................................................................................................ 130
Geotechnical report .............................................................................................................. 131
ANNEX 3: TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY REPORT.............................................................. 135
ANNEX 4: MOBILIZATION ................................................................................................... 144
Project Staff .......................................................................................................................... 144
Working Group ..................................................................................................................... 144
Site visit and meeting with LWSC ......................................................................................... 144
Stakeholders Consultations .................................................................................................. 144
ANNEX 5: PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATES OF THE WORK OF EACH SOLUTION . 145
ANNEX 5A_Solution B: simple replacing of the 36” existing pipe ...................................... 145
ANNEX 5B_Solution MSRF-Type A: replacing of the 36” existing pipe + realization of a 3.2
MGD reservoir in town at Morison farm + Double pipe to Paynesville reservoir .............. 146
ANNEX 5C_Solution MSRF-Type B: replacing of the 36” existing pipe + realization of a 3.2
MGD reservoir in town at Morison farm + booster to Paynesville reservoir ..................... 147
ANNEX 5D_ Photovoltaic plant ........................................................................................... 148
ANNEX 5E_Possible combined solutions............................................................................. 149

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

1 metric ton = 2204 pounds (lbs)
1 kilogram (kg) = 2.200 lbs
1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft)
1 millimeter (mm) = 0.03937 inch (“)
1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile
1 hectare (ha) = 2.471 acres
1 gallon = 3.7854 liters
1 inch = 25.4 mm
MEASURES AND ABBREVIATIONS

km = Kilometer
km3 = cubic kilometer
l/c/d = liters per capita per day
l/c/y = liters per capita per year
l/s = liters per second
LPS = liter per second
MGD = Million Gallons per Day
m = Meter
m3 = cubic meter
m3/d = cubic meters per day
MG = million gallons
mm = Millimeter
mm3 g= million cubic meter
LIST OF ACRONYMS
Acronym Definition
DMA District Metered Area
EPML Environmental Protection and Management Law of Liberia
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic
HPP Hydro Power Plant
IDA International Development Agency
LEC Liberia Electricity Corporation
LTC Liberia Telecommunication Authority
LUWSP Liberia Urban Water Supply Project
LWSC Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
REC Renewable Energy Certificates
SPE Special Purpose Entity
WP WTP White Plains Water Treatment Plant

CONSULTING SERVICES FOR A DETAILED FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT, DETAILED

DESIGN REPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL/SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS AND TENDER
DOCUMENTS FOR THE REPLACEMENT OF THE 36-INCH MAIN TRANSMISSION WHICH
TRANSPORTS TREATED WATER FROM WHITE PLAINS TREATMENT PLANT TO
MONROVIA
DETAILED FEASIBILITY STUDY
TECHNICAL REPORT
Quality Assurance Statement
Client: Prepared by:

Liberia Water & Sewer Corporation Mr. Luca Boccardi
(LWSC)
Report Name: Reviewed by:
Detail Feasibility Report Mr. Fabio Nigrelli
Project/Contract Number: Approved for issue by:
LWSC-109132-CS-QCBS Mr. Fabio Nigrelli
Date of Issue: Project Manager: Team Leader: Chef Designer
January 2021 Mr. Fabio Nigrelli Mr. Luca Boccardi Mr. V. M. Santoro
Revisions
No Date Comments
1 10-01-2020
2
Submitted by:
SARI Consulting Ltd

10 Philpot Lane, 1st Floor,
London, EC3M 8AA
United Kingdom
In JV with
SGAPI Srl
Local Partener
BK-Enterprise

1 PROJECT CONTEXT
1.1. Introduction to the Consulting Services

The Republic of Liberia (hereinafter called “Borrower”) has received financing from the International
Development Association (IDA) (the “Bank”) in the form of a “credit” (hereinafter called “credit” and a
grant toward the cost of Liberia Urban Water Supply Project – Additional Financing, to meet the cost of
financing “Consulting Services for a Detailed Feasibility Study Report, Detailed Design Report,
Environmental/Social Safeguards Studies and Tender Documents for the replacement of the 36-Inch
Main Transmission Line which transports treated water form White Plains Water Treatment Plant to
Monrovia”
OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSIGNMENT:

This assignment is to design, prepare cost estimates and prepare tender documents for the replacement of
the 36-inch finished water pipeline from White Plains to Monrovia. The replacement is intended to
migrate the constant interruption of water supply to the Project area (Greater Monrovia) due the ruptures
in the main 36-inch line conveying water from the White Plains Water Treatment Plant.
Scope of the services is summarised as follow:

 determine what mitigations will be needed for the continuous safe and uninterrupted operation of
the 36-inch line to ensure water supply to Monrovia;
 determine which communities are dependent on the main pipeline along the transmission
trajectory;
 review the Water Treatment Plant’s (WTP) current water production and pumping schedule;
 propose options for pipe sizing, pipe materials, pipeline length and the corresponding costs
required to improve the water system’s reliability and conveyance capacity (increased water
volume and required pressure head) which will adequately provide for the water supply needs of
the city.
In order to achieve best services, SARI and SGAPI provide a team of appropriate experts, and appoints
Mr. Fabio Nigrelli as Project Manager and Mr.Eng. Luca Boccardi as Team Leader.
The Consultant will be responsible for all technical and administrative aspects of the Consulting Services
and is hereinafter referred to as "The Consultant".
The submission is in accordance with the "Information to Consultants" given in the invitation, as well as
with the Terms of Reference (ToR). For this evaluation, a work approach has been developed, based on
the requirements indicated in the ToR and the Consultant's initial findings based on a review of available
reports and information. The approach encompasses systematic planning, appropriate utilisation of
available resources and a firm standard but flexible project management with respect to ISO 9001 and
14001, that will allow the Consultant to complete the services with a high degree of technical competence
within the time stipulated.
1.1.1. Objective of the Project
This assignment is to design, prepare cost estimates and prepare tender documents for the:
Replacement of the 36-inch water pipeline from White Plains to Monrovia.
The replacement is intended to mitigate the interruption of water supply to the Project area (Greater
Monrovia) due to the failure in the main 36-inch line conveying water from the White Plains Water
Treatment Plant.

1.1.2. Scope of Service
Detailed Feasibility Study Report

The Feasibility Study Phase will have two components:
(a) the consultant will initially review the existing system and determine what mitigations will be
needed for the continuous safe and uninterrupted operation of the 36-inch line to ensure water
supply to Monrovia.
The consultant will also determine which communities are dependent on the main pipeline along
the transmission trajectory.
(b) the consultant will carry out a detailed analysis (hydraulic model) and assessment of the existing
system including the 1 MG Paynesville ground tank (currently under construction); while
considering the projected population growth and water demand over the next years.
The consulting will also review the Water Treatment Plant’s (WTP) current water production and
pumping schedule.
Following the assessment, the consultant will propose options for pipe sizing, pipe materials, pipeline
length and the corresponding costs required to improve the water system’s reliability and conveyance
capacity (increased water volume and required pressure head) which will adequately provide for the water
supply needs of the city.
Detailed Design Report

Following the submission of the Detailed Feasibility Study report and agreement on the options, the
consulting will:
1) design the selected option for a new transmission line from White Plains to the predetermined
terminal point.
2) propose adjustments to the 36-inch pipe-line that may be needed (repairs, air valves, blow-offs,
pressure regulation, etc.) that will help improve its operation.
3) The Consulting will give consideration to the life cycle costs for the proposed new design and the
financial and technical capacity of LWSC to operate and maintain the proposed new pipeline.
4) Due recognition will be given to the social safeguard and environmental impact within the
context of World Bank Environmental and Social Frameworks.
OUTPUT
The design will include, but not be limited to:
- The projected path of the new line,

- the topographic survey of the adjacent area,
- the plan and profile drawings of the pipeline showing all fitting and appurtenances (consideration
shall be given to the provision of bulk meters, pressure meters, PRVs, etc., along the new pipeline
which are compatible to the LWSC’s DMA and NRW projection).
- The design will also inform on the type of material to be used for the pipeline.
The Design Consultant will consider the option of decommissioning the existing 36-inch main and the
transfer of existing branch lines (4-inch and above) to the proposed new transmission line.

The design of the project;

The Consultant will take into consideration other infrastructure projects planned or being undertaken in
the common right-of-way in a bid to minimize disruptions to implementation schedules and quality.
Environmental and Social Safeguards Studies
The Consultant will consider components of the project in its location to assess nature and magnitude of
the potential environmental and social safeguard impacts and risks due to the components planned under
the proposed project.
The environmental risks and impacts assessment shall be carried out in line with the Environmental
Protection and Management Law of Liberia (EPML) and its EIA Procedural Guidelines, the World Bank
Safeguard Policies, and the World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (EHSGs).
Assessment of the social risks and impacts would cover the risks that project impacts fall
disproportionately on individual or groups, who because of their particular circumstances may be
disadvantaged or vulnerable; any prejudice or discrimination towards individuals or groups in providing
access to development resources and project benefits, particularly in the case of who may be
disadvantaged or vulnerable; negative economic and social impacts related to involuntary taking of land
/properties or restrictions on the land use; risks or impacts associated with land and natural resources
tenure and use, including potential project impacts on local land use pattern, land access and availability,
food security and land value; and any corresponding risks related to conflict or contestation over land;
impacts on the health, safety and wellbeing of workers and project affected communities and risks to
cultural heritage.
The assessment will also review labor laws and procedures of Liberia and Gender/ risks related to Gender
Based Violence / Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in project area.
The Consultant will recommend necessary mitigation measures for unavoidable adverse environmental
and social impacts, involvement of community and their participation throughout the project cycle,
grievance redress mechanism to address grievance or complaints, if any, estimated cost and budget for
activities involved in mitigation and management of environmental and social safeguards, plan for
monitoring and evaluation.
Based on the finding and assessment of the Acts, Laws and Procedures and screening and assessment of
Gender/GBV/SEA related risks in the project area, the consultant will develop a Labor Management
Procedure and GBV Action plan.
Preparation of Tender Documents
The Consultant will, in consultation with the Project Implementation Unit and utilizing standard World
Bank documents, prepare full tender documents to be used for the recruitment of a contractor or
contractors for the implementation of the project.
The tender documents will contain but may not be limited to,
- the standard bidding documents including bills of quantities, technical drawings (plan and profile,
technical shop drawings for fittings and appurtenances, etc.),
- environmental and social safeguard management plan for the project implementation,
- projected schedule for the implementation of the works, and
- the confidential engineer’s estimate.

1.2. Contents of the present report

After the description of the activities to be anticipated upon the request of the Client – like the Detail
Design of the solution along under construction Tubman Road leg, a list of the Consulted documents will
follow. The analysis of the hydraulic findings with the related drawbacks both at the Water Treatment
Plant and the Pumping Station and also for the service level of the pipeline itself, will lead to the
proposed upgrading of the Transmission Line, with the optional improvement of the hydraulic network
and for the solution of the serious issue of the energy supply. The presentation of the layout of the
analyzed solutions will provide the data to set up the priority matrix which the selection will be based on.
In the annexes general drawings of the main components for the proposed solutions will be delivered,
jointly with the preliminary cost estimation of each one of them. The Land Acquisition and Resettlement
set up will be then discussed, as well as the Environmental and Social Assessment of the entailed area.
1.3. Anticipation of the assignment provided by the Consultant

1.3.1. Arrangements to be realized in the Tubman Road construction
Upon the request of the Client, the detail design of the pipeline stretch along the Tubman Road has been
carried out, according to the urgency to coordinate its works with the ones of the roadway upgrading. The
stretch is included between the following benchmarks:
ROADWAY PROJECT STA PIPELINE PROJECT STA

START -0.000 19+300
END -4+040 24+500
The design foresees the construction of a box culvert that will host the new pipeline, or the new pipelines,
according to the selected solution, located in the inner side of the large bend of the roadway, i.e. on the
West side, that after the axis rotation turns to North side. The culvert has a U reinforced concrete shape
with an inner base of 3 mt width and 2.5 mt height. The thickness of the foundation and of the vertical
walls is 0.4 mt. The cover consists of prefabricate removable slabs of 0.3 mt thickness and 2 mt length,
that will easily allow the maintenance operations for the pipeline and the appurtenances. The access to the
culvert will be possible through square plan manholes of 0.7 mt open side, located every 24 mt, that is
every 11 slabs. The culvert has been located, where possible, under the walkway on the left – West or
North – side of the main roadway platform. The cross section will anyway entail also part of the service
roadway platform. Approaching the STA 21+700 (-2+340) of the roadway project, where the Electric
Substation of the LEC Company and the close School Building hinder the location of the culvert, the new
pipeline alignment turns to the outer side of the roadway bending, that is the East and South. The vertical
alignment takes into account the crossing of the drain axis, which requires its under passing. Connection
culverts have been foreseen corresponding to the existing outlets off the 36” pipeline, that are recorded as
following:
Outlet Locations Outlet Diameters (")
Somalia Drive (Freeway) 16
Coca Cola Factory 6
Police Academy Road 6
Duport Road 6
Weaver Avenue 6
JC. N Howard Road 4
AB Tolbert Road 4
GSA Road 12
GSA Road 16
ELWA Junction 12
SD. Copper Road 12
SKD Boulevard 12

1.3.2. Pre-qualification tender criteria for the construction bidders
In order to speed up the bidding procedure for the implementation of the works, the Client required the
Consultant to submit the pre-qualification tender criteria. The document has been delivered on the last
November 1th.
For the Lot 1 the following main requirements will be mandatory:
General Construction Experience: Experience under construction contracts in the role of prime contractor,
JV member, subcontractor, or management contractor for at least the last Eight (8) years, starting 4st
January - 2013.
Specific Construction & Contract Management Experience: A minimum number of 5 similar contracts
specified below that have been satisfactorily and substantially completed as a prime contractor, joint
venture member, management contractor or subcontractor;
2 contracts, each of minimum value 25 million; at minimum 70% certified completion.
To have built in the last eight years at least 70 km of water pressure pipeline of diameter not lower than
36” of different materials: GRP, ductile iron, prestressed reinforce concrete, included of all
hydromechanical appurtenance. Minimum capacity to supply, install, implement and test 25km of water
pipeline of different materials for at least one year of the above said period of eight years.
For the Lot 2 the following main requirements will be requested:
General Construction Experience: Experience under construction contracts in the role of prime contractor,
JV member, subcontractor, or management contractor for at least the last Eight (8) years. Specific
Construction & Contract Management Experience: a minimum number of 5 similar contracts specified
below that have been satisfactorily and substantially completed as a prime contractor, joint venture
member, management contractor or subcontractor between 4th January 2013 and Application submission
deadline:
2 contracts, each of minimum value 15 million; at minimum 70% certified completion in urban areas
along the roadways under heavy traffic conditions in crowded and market zones with high environmental
impact.
To have built in the last eight years at least 50 km of water pressure pipeline of diameter not lower than
36” of different materials: GRP, ductile iron, prestressed reinforce concrete, included of all
hydromechanical appurtenance
Minimum capacity to supply, install, implement and test 15km of water pipeline of different materials for
at least one year of the period of eight years.
According to the available funds, the detailed design and the tender documents of the selected solution for
the whole system will be based on a new more detailed model and the overall Project will be divided in
the following lots:
a. The construction of the first 15-16 km of the Main Pipe for an approximate construction cost of 17
M USD, split into 2 lots.
b. The construction of the rest of the main pipe up to the end point at km 25,5.
c. The construction of the deviation to the foreseen Reservoir and of the Reservoir itself.
d. Connection pipeline to Paynesville Reservoir;
e. The construction of the Solar Panel field – PV, Photovoltaic park - at the WTP.

1.4. Consulted documents
Immediately after the start of the design activities, which took place on 02 August 2021, the Consultant
requested the following data from LWSC:
DATA COLLECTION
Request of information, records and existing studies and reports for review and examination.
A) General
1. Topographical maps, aerial photographs (25.000, 10.000, 5.000, 2.000);
2. Technical cartography of the urban center and the route of the main pipeline;
3. Geological maps of sites crossed by the network;
4. Hydrological / Hydrogeological maps;
5. Land use maps;
6. Hydrological study of the Mount Coffee Dam;
7. Yearly destination of the use of the volume stored in the dam;
B) Documentation related to the existing 36-inch pipeline:

8. Planimetric drawings;
9. Longitudinal profiles, sections, small water crossing, road crossing, river crossing, as-built (if any),
etc.;
10. Drawings of existing artefacts (tanks, air valves, discharges valves, surface hydrography crossings);
11. Terrain classification along the pipe line and around the WTP;
12. Available basic data (such as geotechnical investigations, geotechnical studies, water quality tests,
etc.);
13. Data on the pipeline road from the treatment plant towards the red light to the WTP (cross sections,
horizontal and longitudinal profile, geotechnical, etc.) - (contract awarded to MDMC to pave the
entire pipeline road from Red light to the Water Treatment Plant.);
14. Data on other infrastructure projects planned or being undertaken in the common right-of-way in a
bid to minimize disruptions to implementation schedules and quality. OPRC Coco Cola Factory to
ELWA Junction 6.1 Km Road Extension, the Project for the Reconstruction of Somalia Drive in
Monrovia, the Liberia Electricity Corporation (LEC) Monrovia Consolidated Project and LEAP
Project to the International Airport;
15. Data on pipeline through a large community called the pipeline community through the busy
market area called the Red-light market. Road construction and a possible interchange are to be
constructed at the red light market area. This interchange connects the SKD Blvd and the Somalia
drive. The proposed pipeline is supposed to follow the same route;
16. Communities dependent on the main pipeline along the transmission trajectory;
17. Location of topographical constrains, such as cliffs, gorges, ravines, rock;
18. Data on several structures along the route of the pipeline.;
19. Data on existing pump and reservoirs;
20. Hydraulic System schematic (flow, diameters, materials);
21. River water chemical analysis;
22. Daily water demand (mc/day or l/sec) for the designing pipe line;
23. Daily water supply (liters inhabitant day) in order to fix current and future service SOLUTIONs at
30 years (population growth and water demand over the next thirty (30) years);
C) Documentation related to the WTP

24. Topographic survey of the adjacent area and structures;
25. Available project information (design, calculation, geotechnical, as built, etc.);
26. Boundary conditions relating to the free surface in city tanks and at WTP;
27. Average range guaranteed by WTP (volume treated, water quality test in input and in
output);

28. Process blocks scheme;

29. List of the modules in critical conditions with a description of the malfunctioning;
D) Others
30. Location of electricity supply lines which could be used for supplying the water treatment works
and the pumping stations;
31. National design manuals and standards;
32. Water supply National standards: water need per inhabitant, water quality’s standards;
Indicating the following data as priority
PRIORITY DOCUMENTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE SITE VISIT

1. Plan and profile existing pipe including pumping stations with the hydraulic characteristics
(discharge, head, power);
2. Location and hydraulic characteristics of the existing tanks along the pipe, at the beginning and at the
end (volume, elevation);
3. Water supply intakes along the layout of the pipe (intakes, secondary networks, plans with the areas
with possibly indication of the number of inhabitants);
4. Water needs in Monrovia at the final tank (daily water supply and elevation);
5. Intake at the river before the treatment plant (plan and cross sections with elevations);
6. Hydrology and water use plan of the White Plans dam);
7. Existing treatment plant after the 2016’s intervention (process scheme, plan and sections, quantity
and quality of the water at the entrance and at the exit of the plant, eventual inconvenient or
malfunctioning);
8. Identification of the stakeholders to be contacted during the mission (involved Administration, name
of the Responsible, email, telephone number and address);
9. Geological and geo-morphological maps;
10. Some pictures of the existing borrow pit near the existing project area;
11. Existing data on previous geotechnical investigations along the pipe line alignment;
On August 13, 2021, LWSC sent the following documents to the Consultant
On August 13, 2021, LWSC sent the following documents to the Consultant
THE MASTER PLAN STUDY ON URBAN FACILITIES RESTORATION AND

IMPROVEMENT IN MONROVIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA - FINAL REPORT –JICA-
NOV 2007 – VOLUMES 1-2-3-4-5 AND SUMMARY
Output-And Performance-Based Road Contract (OPRC)(Road Asset Management Contract) for

the Design, Rehabilitation and Maintenance of RED LIGHT – GBARNGA – GUINEA BORDER
ROAD - Lot 1: “Red Light – Gate 15 – Gbarnga” Road (180.36km) - ELWA JUNCTION TO
COCA COLA FACTORY
-4.1-2KM-PLOT FILE_FEB_25_2019 - Plot Files_LWSC 48''_LEC
PAYNESVILLE RESERVOIR BY HYDROCONSEIL:

APPENDIX 1.1_PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
APPENDIX 1.2_ATTACHED FILES OF THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
COMPLEMENTARY NOTE - BOOSTER STATION PAYNESVILLE - V1
OTHER REPORTS AND DOCS RELATED TO THE AREA OF PEYNESVILLE WHOSE FULL
LIST IS INTO THE ANNEX 0

1.5. General synthetic description of the Monrovia water supply distribution system including main
pipelines, existing and in construction reservoirs
Figure below shows current status of the existing water supply facilities. Monrovia water supply facilities
were severely damaged during the civil war. The details of present condition of water supply system will
be illustrated in the following sections.
Figure 1 – Present Condition of Water supply system in Monrovia before the rehabilitation of 2018-
19 (Source LWSC)

Raw water Transmission Pipe from the Mount Coffee Dam to the White Plains Water Treatment
Plant and River Intake
The nominal potential of the White Plains Water Treatment Plant at the present state is 16 MGD, but
actually only 4 MGD is provided.
The water from Mount Coffee HPP tail water after the first 8 months of service showed lack of discharge
of 2 days, due to the low water level in the dam reservoir. The intake can count only on 3 operational
pumps fed by power supplied by Liberian Electric Company – LEC – for 1 MW and 3 diesel generator
that are sharply synchronized.
The supply of power from Mount Coffee HPP can be reduced during the dry season – October-March, as
it serves as power supplier for the whole Country.
The raw water processing stages consist in:
- 4 Flocculators, 2 based on American Technologies of horizontal drive chains and 2 on

Finnish Technologies of vertical drive chains. Replacement of worn out drive chains shall be
foreseen. Each Flocculator has a potential of 4 MGD.
- 4 Settlement Basins, 2 of which shall be cleaned up manually instead via automatic tools –
each Settlement Basin has a potential of 4 MGD.
- 8 Filters, 2 downstream each Settlement Basin. Only 5 of 8 can be used due to severe
problems to the other 3. Each Filter has a potential of 2 MGD.
Here below some pictures taken during the site visit.

Figure 1-2-3-4 WTP

The Transmission Line
The Transmission Line consists of a pipe of 36” diameter, composed by a double concrete ring with an
intermediate steel pipe. The alignment from the WTP runs along the Pipeline Road, that has a sharp
profile following the natural depressions created by the creeks, that are the left tributaries of the St Paul
River, from the east side to the west. Some of these depressions can be identified as swamp areas.
The state of the road is scanty, with many bumps and hollows created by streaming water. The service
level of the road dramatically decreased proceeding towards the WTP northward. A detour at 2.4 km from
the Plant allows to overpass a very unstable road leg and the platform of the old railway connecting the
Port of Monrovia with the Bong County.
Figure 5 State of road

A project of asphalt pavement of the Johnsonville-White Plains roadway was promoted by the Ministry of
Public Works. As the related design seems unlikely suitable, it shall be reviewed, in order to check the
overlapping between the new Road platform and the new conduction pipeline corridor and its
infrastructures The Consultant has proposed a plan-profile of the rehabilitated road based on a platform
width of 7 mt, with a maximum profile not steeper than 7%, no cut at the elevation station point, fill

embankment slope 1/2 - 26°. This approach has allowed the location of the new pipeline on the west side
of the roadway in the stretch North-South oriented outer of the shade of the embankment, in order to ease
the access to the culverts that will be located on the creeks crossing and to the manholes requested for the
outlets, the air offs and blow offs.
A meter counter will be foreseen at each outlet along the main pipeline.
From the hydraulic point of view, the service conditions of the pipeline are not the proper one of a
transmission line. In fact, the continuity with the town distribution network make it very sensitive to the
variation of the amount of the water demand, that also changes the need of the pumping in terms of head
and water flow. This results in a very negative instability of the system operation, that has been confirmed
by the technical staff of the WTP and of the Pumping Station. In fact, according to their released
interviews, the first 2-3 hours of pumping service after the night pause are normally requested to fill back
the pipeline. This means that during the switch off period the night users and the leakage cause the partial
emptying of the pipeline. Considering the present service capacity of the water transmission that supplies
4MGD during the daytime of 18 hours, corresponding to an average water flow of 0.22 MG/h, the 3 hours
filling back of the pipeline results in a recovered volume of 0.66 MG. In terms of length of pipeline,
whose cross section is of 0.64 sqmt, the equivalent empty span would be around:
0.66*1000*4/0.64=4.13 km
This value corresponds to a lower bound of the possible lost volume, as during the first pumping hours
the water flow would be higher than at regime conditions due to the lack or reduced downstream
counterpressure. In terms of hydrogram, instead of the theoric constant water flow during the 18 service
hours – figure 6 -, there will be variable decreasing water flow according to the simulation of figure 7.
1.4
THEORIC HYDROGRAM PLOT
1.2
1
Q (MG/h)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
t (hour)
Figure 6 theoric hydrogram plot

1.8
1.6
ACTUAL HYDROGRAM PLOT
1.4
1.2
FILLING BACK THE PIPE
Q (MG/h)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
SLOW EMPTYING OF THE PIPE
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
t (hour)
Figure 7 actual hydrogram plot
1.6. Communities outlets along pipe

Communities and local villages are served by the transmission line since the time of its construction.
Other outlets seem to have been installed in the 60 years life of the infrastructure. Some other
communities like the University of Liberia Fendell Campus, based on the east side of Pipeline Road
counts around 40 000 people that use water from ground wells.
There shall be several branches along the route of the pipeline to supply communities. This branch offs
shall serve the following communities and several others.
 Mount Barkley
 University of Liberia (Fendell)
 Dry Rice Market
 Wein Town
 Coca Cola Factory toward Kakata Highway
 Police Academy
 Duport Road Community
 ELWA Junction to ELWA Hospital
 Town Hall
 And several other communities

1.7. Hydraulic findings of the assessment phase
1.7.1. New conduction pipe from the dam to the WTP
The connection pipeline between the Mount Coffee Dam, located about 5 km upstream the White Plains
Water Treatment Plant along the St Paul River ended on December 2020, and allows to provide the
requested gravity discharge to the plant.
Figure 8 Mount Coffee Dam
The flow comes from the tail water of the Hydroelectric Power Plant that produce, after the recent
revamping, 88 MW with new 4 vertical shaft Francis turbines. The new pipeline has a diameter of 48"
and runs 5-km to the Treatment Plant. This connection will allow the LWSC not to use the St. Paul River,
that requires the uplifting of the water and risks to provide poor water quality and salty water during the
dry season when river level is low, due to the upstream currents for the Atlantic Ocean. Instead of
retrieving water from downstream and closer to the ocean, the new pipeline will draw water from the
reservoir upstream.

1.7.2. White Plains Water Treatment Plant - Location

The White Plains Water Treatment plant is located at White Planes township along with the Saint Paul
river. The geographical coordinates of the plant is (Lat. 6.466031, Long. -10.675508).
Figure 9 – White Plains Water Treatment plant - Location
The source of water supply to the system is the St. Paul river. The raw water flows by gravity into an
underground water tank and is lifted through a 36-inch pipeline with four low lift pumps. The raw water
goes through the treatment process and is stored in a 2.5million gallon underground water storage tank
(clear well). Two (2) 4MGD and three (3) 8MGD high lift pumps, pump the treated water to the city of
Monrovia and its environs.
The treated water is pumped through two main pipelines 36-inch diameter and 16-inch diameter pipes.
The 36-inch pipeline is made of reinforced concrete with a stainless steel sandwich between the outer
reinforced concrete and the inner concrete lining. The 16-inch pipe is made of cast iron. The water is
pumped through each pipeline independently. The highest consumer along the 36-inch pipeline is the
Coca Cola factory. The highest consumer along the 16-inch pipeline is the Club Bear Factory. The 16-
inches pipeline is not part of this assignment and no assessment was conducted on it.
According to the LWSC staff, the system was originally designed to deliver 16MGD per day. Due to the
age of the pipeline and the continuous breakdown of the high lift pumps, and above all due to the fact that
the main pipe is not disconnected by the distribution network, the plant is unable to deliver such a volume
of water. The plant is currently delivering only 4MGD per day.
The White Plains Water Treatment Plant was built on 1966 as well as the 36” pipeline, and was expanded
in 1969 to 8MGD (commissioned date) and upgrade in 1983 to 16MGD (commissioned date). It is fed by
the new pipeline 48” from the tail water of the 80 MW HPP of Mount Coffee Dam 5 km upstream,
completed on December 2020, or in alternative by an intake directly from the St Paul River.
The discharge from the HPP is for gravity, the water from the intake is stored into an underground water
tank of 0.5 MG – 2 cum, with 4 low lift pumps.
Downstream the WTP the clean water is stored into 2 reservoirs – one built in 1966 of 1 MG and one in
1979 of 1.5 MG – for a total capacity of 2.5 MG=10 Kcum.
The pumping system consist of 5 high lift pumps. 2 pumps that can provide a total 4 MGD=16 Kcum/d
and 3 more 8 MGD=32 Kcum/d.
The water flow is split into a 16” pipeline towards west along the riverside road to Monrovia, at service of
Club Bear Factory, and into the 36” pipeline whose replacement is the scope of the work.

The 36” pipeline serves also as distribution infrastructure, as it delivers water to several reservoirs and
booster, such as the Sinkor Fish Market reservoir (1 MGD) and water pump, the Newport Street booster
Station, the Duco Reservoir, of 6 MG=24 Kcum and the Mamba Point Reservoir.
The new planned reservoir of Paynesville of 1 MG=4kcum will also receive the water from the 36”
pipeline. Along the pipeline road many intakes are serving villages and communities, they are recorded
by LWSC, the flow amount is not metered although. The University of Liberia Fendell Campus located
on the east side of Pipeline Road counts 40 000 people, that use ground water from wells.
The White Plains Water Treatment Plant
Figure 10 – The WTP – Key Plan (Source LWSC)

Figure 11 – Water Treatment Plant – Hydraulic Profile

1.7.3. Pumping system
There are five (5) pumps installed. Two (2) 4MGD pumps and three (3) 8MGD pumps.
The pumping system has unveiled heavy service problems due to several causes among which the
following look like the most relevant:
- Conditions of service;
- Supply of energy;
- Maintenance of the equipment.
The conditions of service are not the typical ones for a pumping group of this amount of power. In fact,
the alternate switching on and off of the pumps generate transitions phenomena into the electric and
electromagnetic components of the system that reduce the efficiency and the durability of the
hydromechanics. The new standard of function which the Project is aiming at is based on continuous
service conditions corresponding to the design regime. Furthermore, the alternate stop and go of the
pumps generate continuous water hammer effects in the pipeline. The latter have been surely exalted by
the material of the transmission line, made in concrete. Its high stiffness, and the negligible inelastic
deformation of the pipeline dramatically increase the overstress in the pipeline, with possible local failure
or displacement.
1.7.4. Route of the 36-inch pipeline

1.7.4.1. General description
The approximate start and end coordinates of the 36-inch pipeline are (Lat. 6.465436o, Long. -
10.676041o) and (Lat.6.2652630o, Long. -10.719112) respectively. The total length of the 36- inch
pipeline is approximately 25km (measured on google earth). A KMZ file is attached indicating the rout of
the 36-inch pipeline. The blue line in the KMZ file is not the exact pipeline location. It only indicates the
position of the pipeline relative to the road. The route of the 36- inch pipeline is called the pipeline road.
Electricity pylon from the Mount Coffee hydro plant run parallel to the pipeline at the opposite side of the
road. The topography of the route is undulating with about 1km of wetland. There are several small water
crossing some of which run through pipe culverts. These smaller water crossings usually overflow their
banks. However, there is one major water crossing at coordinate (Lat.6.308009o, Long.-10.689661o).
The pipeline runs on the left-hand side of the pipeline road from the treatment plant towards the red light.
The pipeline crosses a train track at a very low altitude. A contract has been awarded to MDMC to pave
the entire pipeline road from Red light to the Water Treatment Plant. The contractor is currently clearing
a section of the pipeline road at the time of the site visit.
Figure 12 – Rout of the 36-inch pipeline. The Blue Figure 13 – Electricity pylon at the red light
line indicate pipeline rout market

The pipeline runs through a large community called the pipeline community through the busy market area
called the Red-light market. Road construction and a possible interchange are to be constructed at the red
light market area. This interchange connects the SKD Blvd and the Somalia drive. This proposed pipeline
is supposed to follow the same route.
According to observation, the road crossing of the proposed pipeline will be very challenging taking into
consideration the new road width. Figure 13 shows an existing electricity pylon at the red-light market
area which according to LWSC representatives is already in the way of the proposed pipeline route.
According to LWSC representatives, they will convey a meeting with the contractor to resolve any
possible challenges that could hinder the possible route of the new pipeline. From the red-light market
area, the 36-inch pipeline crosses another two busy intersections: the ELWA junction and the Boulevard
junction respectively. The 36-inch pipeline ends opposite Liberia’s Former President (Charles G. Taylor)
residence in Congo town. This is the point where the 36-Inch is reduced to 24-Inch. A line gate valve is
installed at this location and it is secured in a valve chamber.
The pipeline is generally located on the east side of the road. Some intakes may be identified, which
increased from the original number recorded at the time of the construction, 1966. The latter can be listed
in terms of stations locations and diameter of the outlet according to the original design drawings as
follows:
STA STA –ft STA-m DIA "

8.00 800.00 248.00 12
42.00 4 200.00 1 302.00 12
100.40 10 040.00 3 112.40 12
328.00 32 800.00 10 168.00 12
380.40 38 040.00 11 792.40 12
462.00 46 200.00 14 322.00 12
520.00 52 000.00 16 120.00 12
572.00 57 200.00 17 732.00 12
These outlets are currently closed, as defined by the Hydroconseil scheme.
An inspection of LWSC on the pipeline unveiled leakage and some failures of air valves and blow-offs.
Along the leg on Tubman Road, the following outlets were listed by LWSC:
Outlet Locations Outlet Diameters (")

Somalia Drive (Freeway) 16
Coca Cola Factory 6
Police Academy Road 6
Duport Road 6
Weaver Avenue 6
JC. N Howard Road 4
AB Tolbert Road 4
GSA Road 12
GSA Road(RES) 16
ELWA Junction 12
SD. Copper Road 12
SKD Boulevard 12
An underground water tank booster pumping station is situated at the fish market Sinkor beyond the end
of the 36-inch pipeline. This booster station supply comes from the 36-inches pipeline. This booster
station is intended to boost water from the fish market to another booster station at Newport street of 1-
milliongallon capacity. The booster station at Newport street would boost the water to the Duco reservoir
of 0.6-million-gallon capacity. At Duco, the water would flow by gravity through a distribution system to
consumers.

Duco is the highest altitude in Monrovia.

According to LWSC, the existing 36-inch pipeline would be in operation during the construction of the
new pipeline. This is to ensure continued water supply to consumers.
1.7.4.2. Summary Report on important topics along the rout of the 36-inch pipeline
Characteristics of the cross land

Generally, the land is undulating and hilly. Sections of the land wetland. About 10km of the pipeline
route is bushy and the remaining 15km is within settlements. A train track intersects the route of the
pipeline. The nature of the soil is clayey on the surface as shown in figure 14.
Figure 14 – Existing high weight air relief valve
Figure 15 – Section of the pipeline road under construction

Pipe material and type of joint

The 36-inch diameter pipe is made of a pre-stressed reinforced concrete cylinder. Stainless steel is
sandwiched between the outer reinforced concretes and the inner concrete lining. The joint is a spigot and
socket type.
Figure 16 – Typical 36 inch diameter pipe

River Crossing
There are several minor river crossings. There is only one major river crossing closer to the pipeline
police station at coordinate (Lat.6.308009o, Long.-10.689661o)
Underground section
The entire pipeline is underground.
Open earth sections
There are no open earth sections
Structures
There are several structures along the route of the pipeline therefore RAP issue will be of major concern.
The populated area with most structures is from the red light market area towards the ELWA junction.
Figure 17 – Red light market area

Vent well
There are several air relief valves and manholes along the pipeline. There are also wash out valves
without chambers and drain channels. LWSC representative recommended that a lighter weight air relief
valve should be specified during the design stage. This is as a result of the frequent leakages they
experience as a result of the overburden weight of the valve on the 1.5-
inch nipple supporting it.
Figure 18 – Typical air relief valve in use (heavy)

Measuring equipment
An electromagnetic water meter is installed to measure the volume of water intake and the volume of
water pumped out of the plant.
Note: The existing 36-inch pipeline is not a dedicated single transmission pipeline. The distribution
network is connected to it.
Hydraulic drawbacks of the scheme
The transmission line, as further discussed in the following, shows service conditions that are not the
proper ones of a conduction pipeline. In fact, the continuity with the town distribution network makes it
very sensitive to the variation of the amount of the water demand, that also changes the need of the
pumping in terms of head and water flow.
This results in a very negative instability of the system operation, that has been confirmed by the
technical staff of the WTP and of the Pumping Station. In order to make back a real transmission line, as
it was in the purpose of the original 1966 design, a disconnection from the distribution network of the
town is strongly requested. This can consist in the construction of a new reservoir whose task is to
compensate the oscillation of the demand along the day, allowing the constant water flow into the
pipeline and the functioning of the pumping station all day long. The closest the reservoir will be to the
users location, ie the town of Monrovia, the longest will be the stretch of the pipeline that will serve as
transmission line. Thanks to the disconnection both the service level of the WTP and of the Pumping
Station will be dramatically benefited, in terms of energy consumption and cost of maintenance.
Besides, due to the huge leakage of the distribution network, the pumping system is now forced to work
only during the consumption hours in order not to waste the water: this implies that the capacity of the
pumps is used only for about 18 hours / day and the total volume of water pumped is less than 70% of the
system potential capacity. To this it has to be added that according to the information get with the
WTP’s technical responsible each day the first 3 hours of pumping are necessary only to recharge the
main pipeline.

2 DESCRIPTION OF POSSIBLE FUNCTIONAL SOLUTIONS
2.1. Possible functional solutions characteristics
2.1.1. Introduction
In the following paragraphs the three analyzed solutions are described from the point of view of the
functioning. Each one of the solution has been analyzed with the hydraulic model in 3 scenarios related to
the temporal horizon of the water demand:
- immediate 16 MGD,
- short term 24 MGD,
- real current water demand of Monrovia 32 MGD.
Which means that the total number of the hydraulic model simulation have been 9.
Besides for each solution it is proposed the support of the photovoltaic panel field at the service of the
pumping station located at the WTP.
2.1.2. Solution B
Simple replacing of the 1966’s pipe, in the three temporal horizon’s scenarios, according to the
assignment scope of work.
2.1.3. Solution MSRF Type A

Replacing of the 1966’s 36” pipe, in the three temporal horizon’s scenarios, according to the assignment
scope of work + realization of a 12.000 m3 reservoir in Morison farm including the connection from the
main pipe line + the realization of a second 16” pipeline from the derivation of the new reservoir to the
derivation of Paynesville reservoir along Tubman road. This second 16” pipeline will be fed directly by
the pumps of the WTP with the adequate pressure in order to reach the Paynesville reservoir.
Figure 19 Deviations along Morison Farm Reservoir

Figure 20 Double pipe distance
Figure 21 Deviations along Paynesville Reservoir

From the WTP there will be three deviations in the highlighted area:
1. WTP towards Morison Reservoir
2. WTP towards Paynesville Reservoir
3. Morison Reservoir towards outlets and end point
2.1.4. Solution MSRF Type B

Replacing of the 1966’s 36” pipe, in the three temporal horizon’s scenarios, according to the assignment
scope of work + realization of a 12.000 m3 reservoir in Morison farm including the connection from the
main pipe line + the realization of a booster at the derivation of Paynesville reservoir along Tubman road.
Figure 22 Deviations along Morison Farm Reservoir

Figure 24 MSRF Type B
PIPE:
2. Morison Reservoir towards outlets, end point and Paynesville Reservoir

2.2. General design analyses
2.2.1. Consumptions and population projection

According to the Master Plan and CGCOC group, the defined population data in 2020 (annual average
population growth rate is 3.5% from 2008 to 2020), the details are shown in Table .
Master Plan
Years population in Monrovia Remark
1974 240.210
1984 448.337 census data of 1974-1984
2008 1.010.575 census data of 1984-2008
2010 1.093.037 JICA’s Master Plan
2015 1.317.108 JICA’s Master Plan
2020 1.521.304 CGCOC group
2030 2.103.495 estimate of this study
2050 3.307.000 estimate of this study
4000000
URBANIZATION PATTERNS
3500000
3000000
POPULATION
2500000
2000000
R² = 0.9993
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
YEAR
Figure 25 Urbanization patterns

The population in Monrovia was estimated in 2030-2050 according to a third degree polynomial equation with R2=0.9993.
2.2.2. Criteria for water demand projection

The unit consumption for private connections and kiosks is based on the assumptions taken in the Master Plan. The current average of consumption per institutional and commercial connection is based on analysis data from Sales and
Marketing.
Unit consumption
private connection 16 Gallon/pers/d = 60.5 L/pers/d
Water kiosks 6 Gallon/pers/d = 22.7 L/pers/d
Institutions & commercial connection 96 Gallon/connection/d = 363 L/connection/d
(based on average measured consumption 8hr/day)
Large consumers 5 liters/ha/d
2.2.3. Water demand projection

The present and projected water demand for Monrovia is estimated as table below:
water supply coverage in DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION IN 2020(m3/d) water industrial industrial water mean daily leakage mean daily
2020(%) consumption land area consumption(m3/d) water in pipe water
No. Region Present population households of user of households of user of centralized total of public (ha) demand network demand
non- centralized non-centralized water supply buildings (m3/d) (m3/d) effective
centralized water supply water supply (m3/d) (m3/d)
water supply
1 NEW KRU TOWN 79463 10 90 480.75 4326.76 4807.51 608 36 1555 6970.51 1045.58 8016.09
2 LOGAN TOWN 69528 20 80 841.29 3365.16 4206.44 647 53 2290 7143.44 1071.52 8214.96
3 CLARA TOWN 61323 20 80 742.01 2968.03 3710.04 570 2 86 4366.04 654.91 5020.95
4 WEST POINT 29409 20 80 355.85 1423.40 1779.24 274 2053.24 307.99 2361.23
5 CENTRAL MONROVIA A 70414 40 60 1704.02 2556.03 4260.05 887 5147.05 772.06 5919.10
6 CENTRAL MONROVIA B 52724 30 70 956.94 2232.86 3189.80 577 3766.80 565.02 4331.82
7 SINKOR 51601 30 70 936.56 2185.30 3121.86 565 3686.86 553.03 4239.89
8 LAKPAZEE 48044 30 70 872.00 2034.66 2906.66 526 3432.66 514.90 3947.56
9 OLD ROAD 55419 30 70 1005.85 2346.99 3352.85 607 3959.85 593.98 4553.83
10 CONGO TOWN 33539 20 80 405.82 1623.29 2029.11 312 2341.11 351.17 2692.28
11 PAYNESVILLE 684419 20 80 8281.47 33125.88 41407.35 6365 44 1901 49673.35 7451.00 57124.35
12 GARDENESVILLE 102155 20 80 1236.08 4944.30 6180.38 950 92 3974 11104.38 1665.66 12770.03
13 NEW GEORGIA 65105 20 80 787.77 3151.08 3938.85 605 4543.85 681.58 5225.43
14 BARNESVILLE 46022 20 80 556.87 2227.46 2784.33 428 3212.33 481.85 3694.18
15 JOHNSONVILLE 29345 20 80 355.07 1420.30 1775.37 273 2048.37 307.26 2355.63
16 CALDWELL 42794 20 80 517.81 2071.23 2589.04 398 51 2203 5190.04 778.51 5968.54
TOTAL 1521304 20036.15 72002.74 92038.89 14592 278 12009 118639.89 17795.98 136435.88
Population in Monrovia Water demand projected (m3/d)
2030 2.103.495 188.648.81
Future water demand in Monrovia was estimated to be 49.8 MGD (188.648.81 m3/d) in 2030.
Currently water demand is 36 MGD (136.435.88 m3/d).

2.2.3. Existing water infrastructure

The Water Treatment Plant is in a state of disrepair. The Plant is going to be entirely rehabilitated and its
capacity will increase to 16 MGD-24MGD (second step). The source is complemented by LWSC
operated Deep Wells in Paynesville and a plethora of not less than 1,500 manually operated Shallow
Wells commonly managed by the communities where they are installed. Other sources include private
wells, boreholes and rainwater (estimated 4 MGD).
The plant is operated with a capacity of 12 MGD due to the condition of the transmission lines – indeed
an increase of pressure could damage the pipe and cause leakage and even pipe blast. The scope of work
of the present project is the “replacement of the Mainline projected from White Plains to ELWA
junction”. It is assumed that it will eliminate the failures of the Transmission Line, confirmed by the
hydraulic model carried out, and will allow an operation of White Plains at full capacity (16 MGD).
Currently the plant WTP does not satisfy the water demand of the users. It was decided to design the
pipeline for both solution B and for solution MSRF with a flow rate of 32 MGD, that comes out from the
total water demand of 36 MGD minus the contribution of 4 MGD from the wells. For this reason the
MSR solution, defined in the feasibility study, will be incorporated into the MSRF solution.
The verification of the system has been carried out with the hydraulic model in the conditions of 16 MGD
and 24 MGD.
mean daily mean daily

water demand water demand
effective effective
(m3/d) 24MGD (m3/d)
No. Region present population
16MGD
1 NEW KRU TOWN 79463 4910.68 3281.87
2 LOGAN TOWN 69528 4296.72 2871.55
3 CLARA TOWN 61323 3789.66 2532.68
4 WEST POINT 29409 1634.28 1092.21
5 CENTRAL MONROVIA A 70414 3912.95 2615.07
6 CENTRAL MONROVIA B 52724 2929.91 1958.09
7 SINKOR 51601 2867.50 1916.39
8 LAKPAZEE 48044 2669.84 1784.28
9 OLD ROAD 55419 3079.67 2058.18
10 CONGO TOWN 33539 1863.78 1245.59
11 PAYNESVILLE 684419 42295.98 28266.94
12 GARDENESVILLE 102155 6313.01 4219.07
13 NEW GEORGIA 65105 3617.93 2417.91
14 BARNESVILLE 46022 2557.47 1709.19
15 JOHNSONVILLE 29345 1630.72 1089.83
16 CALDWELL 42794 2644.60 1767.42
TOTAL 1521304 91014.69 60826.28

Division of water supply zones
Figure 26 Division of water supply zones

2.3. Generalities on the proposed interventions
General consideration on how to face the main inconvenient and description of the proposed options.
It shall be considered that in order to work correctly the distribution of a water supply system of 24MGD
in a town needs a compensation volume. This compensation volume has to be located upstream the taps
of the consumers and allows to design all the hydraulic works like the WTP, the pumping station and the
conduction pipe for the 24 hours water flow - in this case 1MGH. The hydraulic works downstream the
compensation - distribution system - need to be designed for the peak hour water flow, which amounts
about the double, i.e. 2MGH.
The water compensation volume in Monrovia including the LWSC reservoirs volume in town and, also
considering the new Paynesville reservoir now under construction - November 2021 -, is about 3.2 MG.
The private tanks contribution to further compensation volume, which are unknown, can be realistically
evaluated in not more than 0.5 MG.
Besides that, there is a tank of 10.000 m3 corresponding to 2,65 MG that is located between the WTP and
the clean water pumping station, which can allow to the WTP to work along 24 hours reducing the design
water flow for the WTP. Anyway, it is completely ineffective for the pumping station and the conduction
pipe.
The depicted configuration leads to the evidence that in Monrovia there is a lack of compensation volume
and that a proper location of a Reservoir will allow t, the design water flow of the WTP, of the pumping
station and of the conduction pipe can be reduced, also obtaining the disca meaningful reduction of the
peak water flow for the WTP and the disconnection of the Water Supply Conduction System From the
leakages of the Distribution System.
To achieve a sufficient degree of mitigation of the Water Transmission System, the two basic goals shall
be aimed at:
1. Making the system independent as much as possible on the water flow demand from the
town by disconnecting it from the distribution network operating in the urban area;
2. Making the White Plains Water Treatment Plant less dependent on the power supplied by
the Liberian Electric Company – ELC -, which is not adequate to the needs, promoting
independent source of power, possibly based on renewable energy systems.
2.4. Solution B: simple replacing of the 36” existing pipe

The SOLUTION only based on the simple replacement of the pipeline with a new one of proper
characteristics – diameter, material, fitting, appurtenances, design water flow, etc. – will keep all the
system exposed to the conditioning variation of water demand in the different hours of the day. This
SOLUTION, that will be called SOLUTION B – base configuration – strictly represents the contents of
the TOR, that only foresaw the replacement of the existing pipeline. In this conditions it would provide
water to the Transmission Line according to the demand, and both the Water Treatment Plant and the
Pumping System should fit this requirement. Considering the peak interval of water demand running from
5 am to 11 pm, the design water flow requested by the TOR of the Project as 24 GMD, will entail a
service pipeline flow of 1.33 GM/h. The WTP can count on the compensation capacity of 2.5 MG, so the
remaining amount of 24-2.5=21.5 MG can be supplied during the 18 hours with a clean water production
of 1.2 MG/h. This working model is represented in the plots of figures 27 and 28.

SOLUTION B: BASE SOLUTION - PIPELINE

1.4
1.2
1
Q (MG/h) 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
t(hours)
Figure 27
SOLUTION B: BASE SOLUTION - WTP

1.4
1.2
1
Q ( MG/h)
0.8 RESERVOIR PIPE

FILLING
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
t(hours)
Figure 28
The pipeline project is carried out with reference to a criterion of maximum economy. The goal is to
determine a diameter that entails the lowest cost of the system, guaranteeing hydraulic efficiency. The
diameter of the pipeline has been dimensioned in such a way as to assure an adequate water velocity and
an appropriate pressure at the final node. A smaller diameter corresponds to a lower cost of the system
but, since the pressure drops increase, there is a lower residual pressure at the final node.

The system that will be dimensioned is composed of these parameters:

- Water Demand
SOLUTION B : BASE SOLUTION - PIPELINE

1.4
1.2
1
Q(MG/H)
0.8
0.6 16MGD
0.4 24MGD
32MGD
0.2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
t(hours)
Figure 29
The diameter of transmission line was defined, considering the current water demand scenario of
32MGD. Furthermore, the diameter was verified for the flow according to the present requested
performance to the WTP at 16MGD, and the future service level after upgrade at 24MGD.
In terms of water flow per hour, scenario 32MGD and 24MGD are the same. The difference
between the two scenarios is for the shutdown of the pumps overnight for the 24MGD demand.
Therefore, there are no differences in terms of diameter dimensioning.
For scenarios of 16MGD and 24MGD demands, the pumping station operates for 18/24h, in the
period of lower demand the pumps will be off. In the scenario of 32 MGD the operations will be
pn 24/24h.
In the 32MGD scenario, having the pumps running 24/24h there will be significant energy
consumption, significant variations in water demand and water losses. To pump 32MGD in
18/24h it would be necessary to size the pumping system WTP, currently it is not able to pump
this flow rate, this 32MGD scenario described only for the real Monrovia water survey but not
applicable in solution B.
- Hm = 80 m head pump: considering a typical characteristic curve of the pump, the operating
head is on average 20% of the maximum head - 20% of 97.5Hmax
- L = 25.2 km (pipeline length).
- Elevation WTP = 9 m.
- Elevation end point = 26 m.
For the choice of the pipeline material, we chose to use GRP pipe.
With reference to these parameters, the table below shows, for each commercial diameter analyzed, the
value of the external diameter De, the thickness s, the internal diameter Di, the area of the water section
A, the velocity V = Q / A, head loss rate J (evaluated with the Hazen-Williams relation), the head losses
ΔH = JL, the head in the final node and the pressure on the final node.
.
10.675 ∗ 𝑄
𝐽=
𝐶 . ∗𝐷 .
The roughness coefficient C is equal to 150 for the chosen material.

DN(inch) DN(mm) De(mm) s(mm) Di(mm) J ΔH H end Elevation Y(m) A(m2) V(m/s)
(m) (m) end (m)
36 900 922 20.28 881.44 0.003443 86.77 0.23 26 - 0.610 2.298
25.77
40 1000 1024 20.28 983.44 0.00202 50.90 36.10 26 10.10 0.760 1.846
44 1100 1126 20.28 1085.44 0.001249 31.48 55.52 26 29.52 0.925 1.515
48 1200 1228 20.28 1187.44 0.000807 20.33 66.67 26 40.67 1.107 1.266
The selected diameter is DN 1200, which gives a velocity V = 1,266 m / s and a pressure on the end node
of 40.67 m H20, this pressure allows the delivery of the flow rate defined by the TOR.
Let's check this diameter in the current scenario (16 MGD):
DN(inch) DN(mm) De(mm) s(mm) Di(mm) J ΔH H end Elevation Y(m) A(m2) V(m/s)
(m) (m) end (m)
48 1200 1228 20.28 1187.44 0.00022 5.6303 81.37 26 55.37 1.107 0.633
Figure 30 Solution B

CRITICAL ISSUES
SOLUTION B with only the redesign of the pipeline assures an average flow rate of 24MGD and does
not consider the uncertainty of the water demand. Namely, during the daily peak, it is not possible to
satisfy the water demand from users.
The two MSRF SOLUTIONs, which we are going to be analyzed, decouple the external adduction from
the distribution system with the construction of a tank. In such the flow rate requested by users with
adequate pressures is assured on daytime. Anyway, even with the construction of the tank, not all the
critical issues in the distribution system are fully soved out.
2.5. Solution MSRF-Type A: replacing of the 36” existing pipe + realization of a 3.2 MG reservoir
in town at Morison farm + Double pipe to Paynesville reservoir
A solution of the current system can be obtained by designed compensation reservoirs that can be located
along the alignment of the pipeline at a proper elevation, in order to avoid any solution of overhead
structure. The latter could involve architectural and environmental complications behind higher
construction costs. The reservoir will allow the Consultant to consider the first stretch of pipeline as a
pure transmission line, not influenced by the variation of the water flow demand, which will be absorbed
by the capacity of the reservoir itself. Downstream, the pipeline will be design according to the results of
proper hydraulic models, that will provide the optimization of the working regime of the network.
A favorable location for the reservoir can be the site of Morison Farm Village, at 16 km south of the
WTP, at 1 km east of the Pipeline Road, at around 50 m elevation above the sea level – SOLUTION
MSRF Mount South Reservoir. With its capacity It will compensate the water demand form the City, and
will assure the constant water flow for the WTP and the connecting pipeline. The outlet toward the 16"
pipeline of the Freeway can be easily planned. The water distribution to Monrovia City will be performed
by gravity. The water flow amount for the first stretch pipeline will be distributed along the 24 hours.
The second 16” pipe will allow to feed the Paynesville reservoir that cannot be filled by gravity from the
Morison reservoir, directly from the WTP’s pumping station. It has to be remarked that the problem of a
lack of pressure will presumably remain for the 24” pipe at the end of the new main pipe line.
The suggested intervention for the other outlets on the other hand are in general to increase the diameters
of the distribution which are so small that the required pressures and velocities to apply with the water
demands are out of the design range of a distribution network. The suggested intervention are reported in
paragraph 4.3 section Rehabilitation as a result of the hydraulic model.
Adduction cross section

The diameter of the adduction pipeline has been dimensioned to assure the required amount of flow rate
with adequate velocity.
The system that will be dimensioned is composed of these parameters:
- Water Demand
1.4 SOLUTION MSRF : RES - PIPELINE

1.2
1
Q(MG/H)
0.8
0.6
16MGD
0.4
24MGD
0.2 32MGD
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
t(hours)
Figure 31

The diameter of transmission line was defined, considering the current water demand scenario of
32MGD. Furthermore, the diameter was verified for the flow according to the present requested
performance to the WTP at the production of 16MGD and the future service level after upgrade at
24MGD.
For scenario 16MGD-24MGD and 32MGD the pumping station operates for 24/24h.
- L = 18.4 Km (pipeline length)

- Elevation Reservoir = 50 m.
- Elevation WTP = 9 m.
For the choice of the pipeline material, we chose to use GRP pipe.
With reference to these parameters, the table below shows, for each commercial diameter analyzed, the
value of the external diameter De, the thickness s, the internal diameter Di, the area of the water cross
section A, the velocity V = Q / A, head loss rate J (evaluated with the Hazen-Williams relation), the head
losses ΔH = JL, the head in the final node and the pressure on the final node.
10.675 ∗ 𝑄 .
𝐽= .
𝐶 ∗𝐷 .
The roughness coefficient C is equal to 150 for the chosen material.
DN(inch) DN(mm) De(mm) s(mm) Di(mm) Di(m) J ΔH (m) A(m2) V(m/s)

48 1200 1228 20.28 1187.44 1.187 0.000807 14.841 1.107 1.266
The diameter chosen is DN 1200, which leads to a velocity V = 1.266 m / s
Let's check this diameter in the current scenario (16 MGD):
48 1200 1228 20.28 1187.44 1.187 0.00022 4.111 1.107 0.633
Let's check this diameter in the scenario 24 MGD:
48 1200 1228 20.28 1187.44 1.187 0.00047 4.111 1.107 0.947

Figure 32 Solution MSRF-Type A Diameters of the pipelines

Recommendation
The construction of the 3.2 MG tank (methodology used for the dimensioning of the Reservoir is
described in paragraph 4) located at an altitude of 50 m asl, allows the reduction of the pumping heads,
obtaining savings in energy and economic terms, with an useful payback of the Project.
For a pump system, it will be necessary to evaluate the functioning of the system in unsteady flow
conditions, to verify whether any malfunctioning of the system could cause damage to it.
The study of the event of the unsteady flow, in particular of the water hammer, is of fundamental
importance for a correct design and an adequate management of the water distribution systems, as the
events are inevitable throughout the life of the system. It is worth noting that currently the system does
not provide any attenuation device. Typical interventions that induce unsteady flow conditions are:
- Starting or stopping of the pumps;

- Opening or closing of the regulation valves;

- Rapid change in demand on the system;
- Filling and emptying of pipes;
The instantaneous stop of the pump is one of the most critical events for aqueduct systems: the complete
shutdown of the pump causes a deceleration and, consequently, a depression that propagates with a
velocity that depends on the characteristics of the fluid and the pipeline. Negative pressure can cause
serious damage: deformation and rupture of the pipes, the displacement of the gaskets and the entry of
contaminants through the leak points. If the piezometric line falls below the negative value corresponding
to the vapor pressure there is also the risk of "cavitation", formation of vapor pockets, which produces
strong increases in pressure at high frequency, sometimes destructive.
There is a need to design the pipeline against the effects of water hammer by inserting appropriate
attenuation devices. In order to establish whether or not these devices should be provided for, it is verified
that the maximum depressions ΔY that are generated in their absence are contained within the limits
imposed by the regulations.
To establish whether any device should be inserted, it is verified that the maximum depressions ΔY that
are generated in their absence are contained within the limits imposed by the legislation.
The maximum overpressure ∆𝑌 = ∗ 𝑉 (Allievi) occurs for instant closing maneuvers (instantaneous
stop due to a power failure as currently occurs), where V is the operating velocity in the pipeline and c is
the wave velocity with which the phenomenon propagates along the pipeline and is defined:
𝜀
𝜌
𝑐=
𝐷 𝜀
1+ 𝑠 +𝐸
Where ε is the cubic compressibility modulus of water, ρ is the density of water, E is the modulus of
elasticity of the GRP pipeline material, equal to 50 GPa, D is the diameter of the pipe, s is the thickness, g
the gravity acceleration.
c= 866.337 m/s
∆Y_max = 111.802 m
European legislation provides for the following maximum overpressure limits:
Fluid pressure (Mpa) Maximum overpressure limits (Mpa)
<0.6 0.3
0.6-1 0.3-0.4
1-2 0.4-0.5
2-3 0.5-0.6
In our situation there is a fluid pressure of 0.8 Mpa with a maximum overpressure limit of 0.4 Mpa. The
maximum overpressure present is a 11.18 Mpa. It is necessary to install a device to attenuate the transient
event.
Distribution system
The tank has been dimensioned to assure the variability of the demand from the users.
The diameters of the pipeline will be dimensioned in the hydraulic model.
2.6. Solution MSRF-Type B: replacing of the 36” existing pipe + realization of a 3.2 MG reservoir
in town at Morison farm + booster to Paynesville reservoir
As we will see better in the hydraulic model, the MSRF - type B solution does not include the double
pipeline along Tubman Road but the insertion of a booster along GSA Road.
Also for this solution it has to be remarked that the problem of a lack of pressure will presumably remain
for the 24” pipe at the end of the new main pipe line.

The suggested intervention for the other outlets on the other hand are in general to increase the diameters
of the distribution which are so small that the required pressures and velocities to apply with the water
demands are out of the design range of a distribution network. The suggested intervention are reported in
paragraph 4.4 section rehabilitation as a result of the hydraulic model.
Adduction section
The dimensioning of the diameter of the adduction pipeline and the recommendations of the water
hammer are the same as for the MSRF - type A solution.
Distribution system
The tank has been dimensioned to assure the variability of the demand from the users.
The diameters of the pipeline will be dimensioned in the hydraulic model.
Figure 33 Solution MSRF-Type B Diameters of the pipelines

3 PROPOSED UPGRADING OF THE WATER SUPPLY CONDUCTION SYSTEM

3.1. Main pipeline
Foreword
The choice of the material for the main pipeline followed up a deep comparison between several options,
based not only the minimization of the initial cost, but also on the optimization of the overall economic
analysis for the life cycle of the infrastructure and on the sustainability of the manufacturing of the
product. The ESG – Environmental, Social And Government – standard required to the supplier will be
also taken into account for the proposed solution.
3.1.1. Chosen material

The choice of composite materials – GRP, Glass Reinforced Plastic - will show that fiberglass is the most
suitable solution for the Main Pipeline, based both on economic cost of investment and environmental
sustainability.
Sustainability
The proposed solution is environmentally friendly and far more sustainable choice. In fact, there is 45%
less carbon incorporated than metal pipe systems and up to 60% in some cases. The carbon footprint and
the sustainability of the selection of materials cannot be a second degree factor currently, therefore
considering a more eco-sustainable project.
Constructability
The selection of GRP materials can offer significant cost reductions when comparing unit rates with
metallic alternatives. In one recent study undertaken on a large buried water distribution system, the
material cost for GRP was 50% less than that of the specified coated carbon steel. Therefore, when
looking at overall project cost, the impact of non‐metallic solutions can offer significant savings. Also,
there is a dramatic weight reduction when using GRP materials when compared to conventional metallic
materials, up to 4 times lighter. Weight reduction reduces mechanical handling costs – sea and land
shipping - and associated time thus improving construction schedule.
Operability ‐ Behind the above exposed saved costs, most of the operational economic advantages of
GRP systems compared to conventional metallic systems are related to the different internal friction
losses between material categories. Fiberglass has a Hazen Williams factor of 150‐160, where new steel
pipes have a factor of 120 – 140. Therefore, the internal friction loss through GRP is less and therefore
requires less energy to pump equivalent amount of fluid. As steel corrodes the internal surface becomes
rougher this increasing friction loss. The table shows the savings from energy consumption in the
operation of a GRP pipeline 25 km length and 1200 mm diameter amounts to over 5 million $ compared
to operating a steel pipeline in the given timeframe alone.
Figure 34 Hydraulic Cost Saving

Comparison ‐ Below is the comparison between the unit price of the following materials:
Pipe- supply and Unit Unit price US$

installation
GRP m 500.00
Cast Iron m 800.00
Steel m 600.00
Prices for cast iron and steel were obtained by averaging across various web sites (African and Asian
Market). The difference is in the internal/external lining and the price can vary by 20%.
The GRP material chosen has a lower unit cost than steel and cast iron.
Maintainability ‐ Non Corrosion, GRP does not corrode.
3.1.2. Technical characteristics of Material

The proposed solution foresees the use of a synthetic Glass Reinforced Plastic pipeline, whose benefits
are clearly focused in the following table:
Figure 35

Large diameter pipes are available in nominal diameters ranging from 300 to 4000 mm. Available
standard pressure classes are PN1, 3, 6, 10, 12 and 16 and stiffness classes of 2500, 5000 and 10000 N/m.
The pipe consists of a resin-rich reinforced liner, structural wall and a resin-rich exterior layer. "C" glass
is used at the internal and external pipe surfaces.
Pipe manufactured per this specification will have the following pressure capabilities regardless of pipe
stiffness.
Figure 36
GRP pipes shall have the following characteristics regardless of pressure class.
Figure 37 Physical / Mechanical properties
3.1.3. Diameter
Pipe outside diameter at spigot end; for all stiffness and pressure classes.
Figure 38

Physical / Mechanical properties DN 1200
Figure 39
3.2. New Reservoir for the Conduction System
Although out of the scope of works, the consultant strongly suggests the construction of a new reservoir
to ensure the correct functioning of the entire water system as illustrated in the previous paragraphs.
The benefits that can be obtained with the reservoirs are many:
 Increase the reliability of the water supply, as it provides a reserve in the event of faults in the
upstream hydraulic system;
 Optimize the operation of lifting and water treatment systems, limiting the variability of their
flow rates over time;
 Determine the pressures in the downstream hydraulic system, releasing them from those of the
upstream hydraulic system;
 The tank is served by the pipeline that comes from the WTP and serves the distribution system.

The following table summarizes the advantages of such a project proposal:
SOLUTION CODE DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

MEANING
MSRF - Reservoir To replace the existing The reservoir, of around 3.2MG Distance of the
Type A on Mounty 36" pipeline with a new - 12.000 cum - capacity will reservoir location
South site pipeline, construction of compensate the water demand from the Pipeline
– approach a compensation reservoir form the City, and ensure Road, interference
A on the hill 16 km south constant water flow for the WTP with the existing
of the WTP, at 1 km east and pipeline to the Paynesville infrastructures of the
of Pipeline Road in the and Morison Farm reservoirs. Morison Farm, need
Morison Farm Village. The outlet toward the 16" to demolish some
+ Double pipe to pipeline of the Freeway can be small huts.
Paynesville Reservoir easily planned. The water Double pipeline shall
distribution to Monrovia City be hoisted by the box
will be performed by gravity. culvert along
The request to the pumping Tubman Road.
system will be decreased as
compared to the present and the
SOLUTION B conditions,
thanks to the downstream
hydraulic head. The required
head will be no more than 70 mt
as compared to the present one
that is of 97 mt.
MSRF- Reservoir To replace the existing The reservoir, of around 3.2MG Distance of the
TypeB on Mounty 36" pipeline with a new - 12.000 cum - capacity will reservoir location
South site– pipeline, construction of compensate the water demand from the Pipeline
approach a compensation reservoir form the City, and ensure Road, interference
B on the hill 16 km south constant water flow for the WTP with the existing
of the WTP, at 1 km east and pipeline to the Paynesville infrastructures of the
of Pipeline Road in the and Morison Farm reservoirs. Morison Farm, need
Morison Farm Village. The outlet toward the 16" to demolish some
+ booster to Paynesville pipeline of the Freeway can be small huts.
Reservoir easily planned. The water A booster will be
distribution to Monrovia City installed along GSA
will be performed by gravity. A Road to ensure the
booster will be necessary along filling of the
GSA Road to ensure the filling Paynesville
of the Paynesville Reservoir. Reservoir.
The request to the pumping
system will be decreased as
compared to the present and the
SOLUTION B conditions,
thanks to the downstream
hydraulic head. The required
head will be no more than 67 mt
as compared to the present one
that is of 97 mt.
Consultant’s consideration about the proposed new reservoir

3.3. Photovoltaic Panel Field at the WTP
The second goal of the Project can be achieved by designing a local photovoltaic power plant in order to
assure the proper amount of power in the period for which the risk of power shortage is higher.
The solar panels can be easily hoisted by the wide surfaces available on the various component of the
Water Treatment Plant, such as the covers of the Reservoirs, of the Settlement Basins, and of the free land
in the southern area of the compound. In case of upgrade of the Plant from 16 MGD to 24 MGD capacity
treatment, part of the latter area may be removed to allow the construction of the two new settlement
basins.
The lost surface can be easily replaced by covering the new tubs in a similar way as proposed for the
existing ones. Alternative location for the contribution of the southern part of the solar park can be the
area at north-east of the plant, where abandoned old structures stand by.
The available surfaces are as follows:
PV COMPONENT SURFACE - SQ MT
RESERVOIR COVER GROUND - 1966 RESERVOIR 1 008
RESERVOIR COVER GROUND - 1979 RESERVOIR 1 728
OFFICE BUILDING ROOF 720
ROOF 432
SETTLEMENT BASINS 2 592
FREE GROUND AREA (AT SOUTH OR AT NORTH-EAST THE PLANT) 5 112
TOTAL SURFACE 11 592
With the construction of the photovoltaic system, it is intended to achieve significant energy savings and
also to ensure the right amount of power in the period in which the risk of lack of energy is greater.
The potential of the production of the Solar Plant is integrating the one of the Hydro Power Plant of
Mount Coffee. In fact, while the latter’s peak is during the rainy season, the former may reach its best
performance during the dry season, according to the higher values of solar irradiation. The integration
between electric power supplied by LEC and power produced independently by the WTP will make its
working service level more efficient and fully based on renewable source.
Based on a specific contributing average area of 9 m2 per kW, the overall rated power of 1,600 kW will
be available. To cover the kW absorbed by the pump system, considering 3 pumps of 8 MGD in operation
for an average flow rate of 24 MGD, the produced power will match the energy requested by the pumping
system.
Expected pumps consumption after the rehabilitation of the our broken components, according to the
Reports of the Liberia Urban Water Supply Project (LUWSP) are as follows:
Rated Power ( nameplate data)

Pump active Power (KW)
8 MGD Omega V Siemens 560
Total 1 680
3/5 pumps at WTP
If the characteristic curves of the pumps are available, it will possible to define the real absorbed power
and to make a more accurate estimation.
With the upgrade at 32MGD a nominal energy 1.6 MW will be assured through photovoltaic panels,
which will be supportive of the one supplied by the Hydro Power Plant of Mount Coffee.

The degree of efficiency of photovoltaic systems largely depends on the angle of the sun irradiation on
the panels, which ideally should be 90°, as in the variable set up.
The adjustable photovoltaic panels follow the sun horizontally or vertically. The two-axis trackers, on the
other hand, can follow it both horizontally and vertically, achieving greater precision and therefore
maximum energy efficiency. With this type of trackers it is possible to increase the energy efficiency by
30% (single-axis systems) or even 45% (two-axis systems).
The structure where the panels will be positioned is of the orientable type, in order to increase the daily /
seasonal efficiency of the system and ensure the ordinary and extraordinary maintenance of the tanks
where they are positioned.
In the practical case of fixed systems, the degree of efficiency fluctuates, and consequently the daily and
annual energy yield, which will extend the amortization time of the overall system.
The implementation of the PV system can be set up as a DBO - Design, Building and Operating - contract
with a Private Partner, based on the reimbursement of a fee for the supplied energy, referring to the cost
estimation of a Preliminary Design which will be tendered and bid.
It would consist in a typical Power Purchase Agreement, which (PPA) is an arrangement in which a
third-party developer installs, owns, and operates an energy system on a customer’s property. The
customer then purchases the system's electric output for a predetermined period. A PPA allows the
customer to receive stable and often low-cost electricity with no upfront cost, while also enabling the
owner of the system to take advantage of tax credits and receive income from the sale of electricity.
To be eligible for a PPA, a project must be located in a state or jurisdiction where third-party ownership
of energy generation equipment is allowed.
Under a PPA, the customer signs a contract with a third-party developer to purchase power generated by
photovoltaic panels.
The customer is therefore also known as the offtaker, or the purchaser of power. While the
customer/offtaker often provides the physical space to host the system, this is not a requirement and the
host and customer/offtaker may be separate entities in leased spaces. The developer and its investors own
the equipment for the duration of the PPA. The developer typically provides initial project coordination
services such as bridge financing, design, and permitting with little-to-no cost to the customer. Equipment
installation may be completed in-house by the developer or by a contracted installer.
The electric output generated by the energy system is then purchased by the customer at a rate that is
generally lower than the utility’s retail rate, generating immediate cost savings. The PPA rate usually
increases by 1-5% each year for the contract term (i.e. a price escalator) to account for gradual decreases
in system operational efficiency, operating and maintenance costs, and increases in the retail rate of
electricity. PPAs are generally long-term agreements of 10-25 years. At the end of the contract term, the
customer may be able to extend the term, purchase the system from the developer, or have the equipment
removed from the property.
The utility serving the customer provides an interconnection from the energy system to the power grid,
and will continue service if the system does not produce enough power to meet the customer’s electrical
needs. When the system produces excess power, it can be sold to the utility, typically at the retail
electricity rate.
The developer will typically create a special purpose entity (SPE) for each project that serves as the legal
owner of the energy system. The SPE exists to raise debt and equity investment in the project, resulting in
mutual ownership of the SPE (and therefore the project) by the developer and investor(s). The SPE allows
for investment at the project level without subjecting investors to risks associated with the developer’s
other projects, while also minimizing risk for the developer should the project default or experience other
issues.
The system owner will generally retain all environmental benefits of putting clean energy onto the grid,
such as Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). RECs are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities that
are issued when one megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity is generated from a renewable energy source
and delivered to the grid. These certificates are a way for businesses to verify carbon reductions from
specific projects and count towards organizational targets for renewable energy use. Mandatory REC
markets exist in states with renewable energy portfolio standards (RPS), but there are also voluntary REC
markets available for those who want to purchase them. REC arbitrage, which is the near-instantaneous
buying and selling of RECs in different markets, may be an option to decrease overall costs if the
customer is located in a market with high REC prices.
Figure 40 Power Purchase Agreement Structure-PPA
Summary table of the presented options

Below a summary table describing the main features of the various options is reported. These options will
form the object of the Feasibility Study, that represents the Task 2 of the second step of the assignment.

SUMMARY TABLE DESCRIBING THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE VARIOUS OPTIONS
SOLUTION CODE MEANING DESCRIPTION REFERENCE DAILY WATER WTP REQUIREMENT HIGH LIFT PUMP SYSTEM
DEMAND REQUIREMENT
B Base solution To replace the existing 36" pipeline with a new pipeline of 25 km length of 16MGD To be upgraded with 3 more Settlement basins, 3 To be upgraded to a capacity
proper characteristics. The system will be subjected to the variation of the 24MGD Flocculators and 8 Filters=>24 MGD. of 24 MGD.
water demand from the City of Monrovia 32MGD* The future upgrade to a capacity of 32 MGD will be To be upgraded to a capacity
consistent with the pipeline capacity. of 32 MGD.
MSRF - type A Reservoir on To replace the existing 36" pipeline with a new pipeline, construction of a 16MGD To be upgraded with 3 more Settlement basins, 3 To be upgraded to a capacity
Mounty South site compensation reservoir on the hill 16 km south of the WTP, at 1 km east of 24MGD Flocculators and 8 Filters=>24 MGD. of 24 MGD.
Pipeline Road in the Morison Farm Village. The reservoir, of around 3.2MG 32MGD The future upgrade to a capacity of 32 MGD will be To be upgraded to a capacity
- 12.000 cum - capacity will compensate the water demand form the City, consistent with the pipeline capacity. of 32 MGD.
and ensure constant water flow for the WTP and pipeline to the Paynesville
and Morison Farm reservoirs. + Double pipe to Paynesville Reservoir
MSRF - type B Reservoir on To replace the existing 36" pipeline with a new pipeline, construction of a 16MGD To be upgraded with 3 more Settlement basins, 3 To be upgraded to a capacity
Mounty South site compensation reservoir on the hill 16 km south of the WTP, at 1 km east of 24MGD Flocculators and 8 Filters=>24 MGD. of 24 MGD.
Pipeline Road in the Morison Farm Village. The reservoir, of around 3.2MG 32MGD The future upgrade to a capacity of 32 MGD will be To be upgraded to a capacity
- 12.000 cum - capacity will compensate the water demand form the City, consistent with the pipeline capacity. of 32 MGD.
and ensure constant water flow for the WTP and pipeline to the Paynesville
and Morison Farm reservoirs. + booster to Paynesville Reservoir
All the depicted SOLUTIONS can be combined with the construction of the PV Power Plant at the White Plains Water treatment Plant, so that further configurations can be assumed:
SOLUTION
B-PV Base solution with the Photovoltaic Power Plant
MSRF - type A-PV Reservoir on Mounty South site – Morison Farm Village - with the Photovoltaic Power Plant
MSRF - type B-PV Reservoir on Mounty South site – Morison Farm Village - with the Photovoltaic Power Plant

3.4. Recommended interventions at WTP

The raw water processing stages consist in:
- 4 Flocculators, 2 based on American Technologies of horizontal drive chains and 2 on Finnish

Technologies of vertical drive chains. Replacement of worn out drive chains shall be foreseen.
Each Flocculator has a potential of 4 MGD
- 4 Settlement Basins, 2 of which shall be cleaned up manually instead via automatic tools – each
Settlement Basin has a potential of 4 MGD
- 8 Filters, 2 downstream each Settlement Basin. Only 5 of 8 can be used due to severe problems to
the other 3. Each Filter has a potential of 2 MGD.
According to the requirements of the TOR, the design of the new pipeline will be based on a water flow
of 24 MGD. In order to assure the amount of clean water requested, the upgrade of the WTP shall foresee:
- 2 more Flocculator;
- 2 more Settlement Basins;
- 4 more Filters.
This in addition to all the works needed to recover the correct service level of the inadequate equipment.

4 HYDRAULIC MODEL, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1. General description
The hydraulic modeling of the three solutions - nine scenarios, one for each one of the water demand of
16, 24 and 32 MGD, was performed using the EPANET software. The model provides for a global
configuration of the system based on the existing and projected infrastructure, such as the Paynesville
Reservoir.
CONSTRUCTION OF PAYNESVILLE SERVICE RESERVOIR 1 MG (3700mc) (HYDROCONSEIL)

The construction of Paynesville Reservoir will allow 24hr distribution and will be associated with the
creation of a new District Metering Area.
The Reservoir will be located on Rocky Hill in Paynesville. The geographical coordinates of the reservoir
are the following:
The Reservoir will be located on the top of Rocky Hill in Paynesville and will be connected directly from
mainline at GSA road junction using a 16” pipe in HDPE. A valve will be installed on the inlet pipe near
the connection on the mainline.
The main outlet pipe will connect the Reservoir to Robertsfield Highway, to GSA Road and to Duport
Road.
A sectorization will allow a better control of the water distribution in the area. It consists in isolating the
District Meter Area valves and preventing water from leaving the system. It follows a logical of District
Metering Area (DMA).
With the three newly installed DMA meters, Robertsfield Highway, GSA Road and Duport Road, it is
possible to isolate the system from the rest of Monrovia distribution system.
In order to allow the inflow into the system and to prevent outflow leaving the system, it is proposed to
adapt the three existing DMA by installing an additional check valve, also in the two areas in the photo.
This will allow the water from the main line to enter into the system in order to maintain the existing
pressure, to feed the southern part of Paynesville, and will prevent the water from the Reservoir to leave
the system.
I will be also possible to open the valves when in case of flow shortage in the upper part of Paynesville.
Figure 41 – Paynesville Reservoir Area

DAILY CONSUMPTION PATTERN

The following graph illustrates the daily consumption pattern based on 24h service:
Paynesville pattern
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
time (hours)
Figure 42 – Paynesville Pattern
The inlet flow rate into the Paynesville Reservoirs is 7072 m3/d for scenarios 16-24-32MGD.
4.2. Solution B
The operation of the transmission line has been simulated, respectively considering the flow according to
the present requested performance to the WTP at the supply of 16 MGD, and the future service level after
the upgrade up to 24 MGD. In addition, the current water demand scenario of 32MGD was also
considered.
For scenario 16MGD and 24MGD the pumping station operates for 18/24h, in the period of lower
demand the pumps will be off. In scenario 32MGD the operation will be 24/24h.
The model has taken into account all the networks nodes and connections.
Outlets along the main pipeline were not considered because they are currently closed, as defined by
Hydroconseil.
Figure 43 – Outlets diameters

TUBMAN ROAD
Outlet locations Outlet diameters (") L(m)
Somalia Drive (Freeway) 16 11867
Coca Cola Factory 6 3290
Police Academy Road 6 2591
Duport Road 6 7523
Weaver Avenue 6 370
Howard Road 4 889
A.B tolbert Road 4 1390
GSA Road 12 284
4 1366
16(RES) 2300
ELWA Road 12 1764
10 3003
8 695
SD. Copper Road 12 129
4 1164
SKD 12 5015
END POINT 24 /
WTP
16" WTP 16 /
locations diameters (")

Main transmission line 48
Present situation: 16MGD
For the ongoing service conditions – water flow of 16MGD, equivalent to 938.7 l/sec (18/24h) – for the
population of Monrovia.
The water requirement was distributed for each connection side of the network. The distribution was
made on the basis of the population density in the various areas of interest, in according to the Master
Plan.
Water demand assigned to the network 16MGD
nodes
Outlet locations demand (l/s)
Somalia Drive (Freeway)
logan town 44.31
Paynesville 112.65
new Georgia 37.31
Gardnerville
Barnesville 108.30
Johnsonville
Coca Cola Factory 21.83
Police Academy Road 16.97
Duport road 18.95
Weaver Avenue 8.52
Howard Road 10.68
A.B Road 13.54
GSA 6.18
GSA (RES) 109.14
ELWA 49.38
ELWA end point 32.92
SD COPPER 4.74
SKD 30.73

END POINT(48"-24") 234.61

WTP 16" 77.92
TOTAL 938.68
About 25% of the capacity reach the end point, which is the connection between the new Pipeline and the
existing 24” one, and about 10% is distributed by the 16” WTP, running to Monrovia through the western
River Road (Monrovia-Careysburg Road).
The results of the model simulation are summarized in the following plot showing water pressure in the
nodes.
Figure 44 Solution B ( Present situation) PRESSURE
It should be noted that while in the main Transmission Line the head values appear adequate for a correct
functioning of the system, in the section of Somalia Drive the head losses increase strongly due to the
reduction of the diameter and for the high flow rate required (area in progress development). This can
result in a water supply shortage in some communities such as Logan Town, New Georgia, Gardenesville,
Barnesville, and Johnsonville even in the present state of service.

Figure 45 Solution B ( Present situation ) VELOCITY
The system has very low velocities, which do not affect the flow and pressure provided in the distribution,
only in the Somalia Drive outlet there are high velocities (2 m/s).
Below the balance between the inflow and the outflow reservoir Paynesville is reported.
time Inlet consumption

hour m3/h m3/h
0-1 0 58.93
1-2 0 58.93
2-3 0 58.93
3-4 0 88.40
4-5 0 235.74
5-6 392.89 442.01
6-7 392.89 736.68
7-8 392.89 471.47
8-9 392.89 427.27
9-10 392.89 383.07
10-11 392.89 324.14
11-12 392.89 265.20
12-13 392.89 294.67
13-14 392.89 265.20
14-15 392.89 294.67
15-16 392.89 353.60
16-17 392.89 383.07
17-18 392.89 663.01

18-19 392.89 412.54

19-20 392.89 324.14
20-21 392.89 324.14
21-22 392.89 88.40
22-23 392.89 58.93
23-24 0 58.93
TOTALE 7072.02 7072.08
V-t
4000
3500
3000
volume (m3)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
hours
Figure 46 Reservoir Paynesville
Future upgrade of the WTP: 24MGD
The future upgrade of WTP will allow a water flow of 1404 l/s for the operation 18/24 hours.

nodes
Outlet locations demand
(l/s)
logan town 66.31
Paynesville 187.22
new Georgia 55.83
Gardnerville
162.06
Barnesville
Johnsonville
Duport road 31.49
Weaver Avenue 14.15
Howard Road 17.76
A.B Road 22.51
GSA 10.27
GSA (RES) 109.14
ELWA 82.06
SD COPPER 7.88

SKD 51.07
END POINT(48"-24") 351.04
WTP 16" 116.59
TOTAL 1404.55
nodes.
Figure 47 Solution B ( Future upgrade ) PRESSURE
It should be noted that while in the main transmission line the head values appear to be adequate for a
correct functioning of the system, in some outlets of the network the head losses increase strongly due to
the reduction of the diameter and to the increase of the required flow rate. This can result in a water
supply shortage in some communities such as Logan Town, New Georgia, Gardenesville, Barnesville and
Johnsonville, even some stretches of paynesville such as SKD and Coca Cola Factory.

Figure 48 Solution B ( Future upgrade ) VELOCITY
Velocities are in some cases high due to the low-dimensioned diameters for this flow.
time inlet consumption

hour m3/h m3/h
0-1 0 58.93
1-2 0 58.93
2-3 0 58.93
3-4 0 88.40
4-5 0 235.74
5-6 392.89 442.01
6-7 392.89 736.68
7-8 392.89 471.47
8-9 392.89 427.27
9-10 392.89 383.07

10-11 392.89 324.14

11-12 392.89 265.20
12-13 392.89 294.67
13-14 392.89 265.20
14-15 392.89 294.67
15-16 392.89 353.60
16-17 392.89 383.07
17-18 392.89 663.01
18-19 392.89 412.54
19-20 392.89 324.14
20-21 392.89 324.14
21-22 392.89 88.40
22-23 392.89 58.93
23-24 0 58.93
TOTALE 7072.02 7072.08
V-t
4000
3500
3000
volume (m3)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
hours
Current required water flow of the WTP: 32MGD

The water flow of WTP will be 1404 l/s for the operation 24/24 hours.

nodes
Outlet locations demand (l/s)
logan town 84.52
Paynesville 174.22
new Georgia 53.76
Gardnerville 193.62
Barnesville
Johnsonville
Duport road 29.3
Weaver Avenue 13.17
Howard Road 16.52

A.B Road 20.95

GSA 9.56
GSA (RES) 81.85
ELWA 76.36
SD COPPER 7.33
SKD 47.52
END POINT(48"-24") 340.19
WTP 16" 143.87
TOTAL 1403.65
nodes.
Figure 50 Solution B ( Current required water flow ) PRESSURE
It should be noted that while in the main transmission line the head values appear to be adequate for a
correct functioning of the system, in some outlets of the network the head losses increase strongly due to
the reduction of the diameter and to the increase of the required flow rate. This can result in a water
supply shortage in some communities such as Logan Town, New Georgia, Gardenesville, Barnesville and
Johnsonville, even some stretches of paynesville such as SKD and Coca Cola Factory.
Figure 51 Solution B ( Current required water flow ) VELOCITY

Velocities are in some cases high due to the low-dimensioned diameters for this flow.
time inlet consumption

hour m3/h m3/h
0-1 294.67 58.93
1-2 294.67 58.93
2-3 294.67 58.93
3-4 294.67 88.40
4-5 294.67 235.74
5-6 294.67 442.01
6-7 294.67 736.68
7-8 294.67 471.47

8-9 294.67 427.27

9-10 294.67 383.07
10-11 294.67 324.14
11-12 294.67 265.20
12-13 294.67 294.67
13-14 294.67 265.20
14-15 294.67 294.67
15-16 294.67 353.60
16-17 294.67 383.07
17-18 294.67 663.01
18-19 294.67 412.54
19-20 294.67 324.14
20-21 294.67 324.14
21-22 294.67 88.40
22-23 294.67 58.93
23-24 294.67 58.93
TOTALE 7072.02 7072.08
V-t
4000.00
3500.00
3000.00
2500.00
volume (m3)
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
hours
Conclusions and recommendations for solution B

The analyses of the hydraulic model consider that the WTP is capable of delivering a flow rate of 16-
24MGD. The 32MGD scenario only for the purpose of completeness the model, WTP cannot guarantee
this flow rate therefore it is necessary to purchase new pumps, a solution strongly not recommended.
Just replacing the pipe with 48” clearly reduces the water losses currently present in the pipe 36”.
The chosen diameter of 48” guarantees operation for a greater water supply.
The results of the simulations clearly show that the pipeline alone does not guarantee correct service to
the network.
The critical issues of the water network are essentially two:
1. The Monrovia water network has direct in-line pumping which does not assure the variation in
the daily flow rate of the user. Namely, during the peak flow the system gets into shortage. Moreover, the

current operating system involves some criticalities to the pumping system, such as water hammer and
therefore continues pump failures.
2. Outlet from main pipeline are under dimensioned for the actual water demand. These outlets
diameters are able to assure only the flow rate of 16 MGD, except in the section of Somalia Drive.
For the first criticality of the network, the MSRF solution was proposed. The reservoir will compensate
for the water needs of the City, and will ensure constant water flow for the WTP and the connecting
pipeline, which feeds the two Reservoirs, including Paynesville Reservoir. The distribution of water in
Monrovia City will be by gravity, ensuring the peak flow rate as well.
The demand on the pumping system will be reduced compared to the current conditions and to
SOLUTION B, thanks to the hydraulic head downstream.
As shown below, the MSRF solution assures the variably of water demand but cannot guarantee operation
in many sections of the network.
For the second criticality it is advisable to rehabilitate some sections of the network, in particular it is
advisable to increase at least the diameters of Coca Cola Factory and Somalia Drive pipelines cross
sections for the 16 MGD scenario. For a possible future water flow, it is advisable to rehabilitate the
network by replacing the sections with larger diameters or to double the pipeline.
Below rehabilitation of the diameters of the outlets, in the condition of 32 MGD is shown.
Figure 53 Solution B ( Current required water flow ) Rehabilitation

TUBMAN ROAD
Outlet locations Outlet diameters existing (") L stretch (m)
The simulation was successful with adequate loads and ensuring the water flow rate of 32 MGD by
increasing the diameters along Somalia Drive (40”) for 6880m and along Coca Cola Factory (16”) for
1140m.
TUBMAN ROAD
Outlet locations Outlet diameters rehabilitation (") L stretch (m)
40 6880
Somalia Drive (Freeway) Existing diameter 16 4987
16 1140
Coca Cola Factory Existing diameter 6 2150

4.3. Solution MSRF - Type A

To replace the existing 36 "pipeline with a new 48" pipeline, construction of an offset reservoir on the hill
16km south of the WTP, 1km east of Pipeline Road in Morison Farm Village. The Reservoir capacity will
offset the City's water demand and ensure constant water flow for the WTP and pipeline to the
Paynesville and Morison Farm Reservoirs. The distribution of water in Monrovia City will be by gravity.
For about 5 km a double pipe will be provided as described below.
Figure 54 Outlets diameters

Figure 55 Deviations along Morison Reservoir
From the WTP there will be three deviations in the highlighted area:
2. WTP towards Paynesville Reservoir
3. Morison Reservoir towards outlets and end point

For about 5km along Tubman Road two pipelines will be implemented, one directed towards Paynesville
Reservoir (GSA Road) and one carrying t the flow along the network - outflow Morison Reservoir.
The choice of the parallel pipelines was made to ensure the filling of the Paynesville Reservoir with the
head load of the WTP pumps.
TUBMAN ROAD
Duport Road 6 7523
Weaver Avenue 6 370
Howard Road 4 889
GSA Road 12 284
4 1366
16(RES) 2300
ELWA Road 12 1764
10 3003
8 695
4 1164
SKD 12 5015
END POINT 24 /
WTP
16" WTP 16 /
Main transmission line diameters (")

WTP - Morison Reservoir 48
WTP – Paynesville Reservoir 16
Morison Reservoir - Outlets
Morison reservoir – Gsa Road 48
Gsa Road – Elwa Road 40
Elwa Road – End Point 24
DAILY CONSUMPTION PATTERN

The following graph illustrates the daily consumption pattern based on 24h service:
estimated demand pattern Monrovia

2
1.5
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
hours
Figure 57 Demand pattern Monrovia

METHODOLOGY USED FOR THE DIMENSIONING OF THE RESERVOIR

The effective volume can be calculated considering the inflow and outflow curve. The volume required in
the standard day depends on the water demand, consumption pattern and the inflow of the Reservoir
(pumping hours and flow-rate in WTP).
We considered a reserve volume in the dimensioning of the Reservoir in order to assure a safety volume
for exceptional needs - fire reserve.
The reserve volume has been set as the 5-6% of effective volume.
The inflow directly depends on the pumping hours at White Plains, the characteristics of the pumps, the
consumption on the network. It is a very sensitive parameter, which strongly influences the storage
capacity necessary to absorb the daily demand variations, and therefore the size and behavior of the tank.
For example, as the main consumption is at day time, a filling of the Reservoir at night time will mean
that the storage capacity will be almost equal to the demand. As the demand is spread over 24 hours, a
continuous inflow may allow a reduced capacity of the Reservoir. The three scenarios 16-24-32MGD
were simulated to evaluate the sensitivity of the inflow model, considered the filling of the reservoir
24h/24:
16MGD_Inflow / outflow curve

60000
Water demand cumulative
50000
Water inlet cumulative
Volume reservoir cumulative
40000
volume (m3)
30000
20000
10000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
time (hr)
Figure 58 inflow/outflow curve

90000
80000 water demand cumulative
70000 Water inlet cumulative
Volume reservoir cumulative
60000
volume (m3)
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
time (hr)


120000
Water demand cumulative

100000
Water inlet cumulative
80000 Volume reservoir cumulative

volume (m3)
60000
40000
20000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
time (hr)
BALANCE BETWEEN THE INFLOW AND THE OUTFLOW
16MGD
inlet consumption V simulated V reservoir (m3)
m3/h m3/h m3 3500.00
0-1 2029.367 1052.21 977.16 4477.16
1-2 2029.367 1052.21 977.16 5454.31
2-3 2029.367 1052.21 977.16 6431.47
3-4 2029.367 1331.40 697.97 7129.44
4-5 2029.367 2168.96 -139.59 6989.84
5-6 2029.367 3006.52 -977.16 6012.69
6-7 2029.367 3425.30 -1395.94 4616.75
7-8 2029.367 2727.34 -697.97 3918.78
8-9 2029.367 2308.55 -279.19 3639.59
9-10 2029.367 2168.96 -139.59 3500.00
10-11 2029.367 1750.18 279.19 3779.19
11-12 2029.367 2029.37 0.00 3779.19
12-13 2029.367 2308.55 -279.19 3500.00
13-14 2029.367 1819.98 209.39 3709.39
14-15 2029.367 2029.37 0.00 3709.39
15-16 2029.367 2308.55 -279.19 3430.20
16-17 2029.367 3006.52 -977.16 2453.05
17-18 2029.367 3425.30 -1395.94 1057.11
18-19 2029.367 3006.52 -977.16 79.96
19-20 2029.367 1959.57 69.80 149.75
20-21 2029.367 1470.99 558.37 708.13

21-22 2029.367 1191.80 837.56 1545.69

22-23 2029.367 1052.21 977.16 2522.84
23-24 2029.367 1052.21 977.16 3500.00
V-t
8000.00
7000.00
6000.00
volume (m3)
5000.00
4000.00
3000.00
2000.00
1000.00
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
time
Figure 61 Volume Reservoir 16 MGD
24MGD
m3/h m3/h m3 5500.00
0-1 3166.45 1613.40 1553.05 7053.05
1-2 3166.45 1613.40 1553.05 8606.10
2-3 3166.45 1613.40 1553.05 10159.14
3-4 3166.45 2057.13 1109.32 11268.46
4-5 3166.45 3388.31 -221.86 11046.60
5-6 3166.45 4719.50 -1553.05 9493.55
6-7 3166.45 5385.09 -2218.64 7274.91
7-8 3166.45 4275.77 -1109.32 6165.59
8-9 3166.45 3610.18 -443.73 5721.86
9-10 3166.45 3388.31 -221.86 5500.00
10-11 3166.45 2722.72 443.73 5943.73
11-12 3166.45 3166.45 0.00 5943.73
12-13 3166.45 3610.18 -443.73 5500.00
13-14 3166.45 2833.65 332.80 5832.80
14-15 3166.45 3166.45 0.00 5832.80
15-16 3166.45 3610.18 -443.73 5389.07
16-17 3166.45 4719.50 -1553.05 3836.02
17-18 3166.45 5385.09 -2218.64 1617.38
18-19 3166.45 4719.50 -1553.05 64.33
19-20 3166.45 3055.52 110.93 175.26
20-21 3166.45 2278.99 887.46 1062.72

21-22 3166.45 1835.27 1331.18 2393.90

22-23 3166.45 1613.40 1553.05 3946.95
23-24 3166.45 1613.40 1553.05 5500.00
V-t
12000.00
10000.00
8000.00
volume (m3)
6000.00
4000.00
2000.00
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
time
32MGD
m3/h m3/h m3 7400.00
0-1 4221.94 2123.87 2098.08 9498.08
1-2 4221.94 2123.87 2098.08 11596.15
2-3 4221.94 2123.87 2098.08 13694.23
3-4 4221.94 2723.32 1498.63 15192.85
4-5 4221.94 4521.67 -299.73 14893.13
5-6 4221.94 6320.02 -2098.08 12795.05
6-7 4221.94 7219.19 -2997.25 9797.80
7-8 4221.94 5720.57 -1498.63 8299.18
8-9 4221.94 4821.39 -599.45 7699.73
9-10 4221.94 4521.67 -299.73 7400.00
10-11 4221.94 3622.49 599.45 7999.45
11-12 4221.94 4221.94 0.00 7999.45
12-13 4221.94 4821.39 -599.45 7400.00
13-14 4221.94 3772.35 449.59 7849.59
14-15 4221.94 4221.94 0.00 7849.59
15-16 4221.94 4821.39 -599.45 7250.14
16-17 4221.94 6320.02 -2098.08 5152.06
17-18 4221.94 7219.19 -2997.25 2154.81
18-19 4221.94 6320.02 -2098.08 56.74
19-20 4221.94 4072.08 149.86 206.60

20-21 4221.94 3023.04 1198.90 1405.50

21-22 4221.94 2423.59 1798.35 3203.85
22-23 4221.94 2123.87 2098.08 5301.93
23-24 4221.94 2123.87 2098.08 7400.00
V-t
16000.00
14000.00
12000.00
volume (m3)
10000.00
8000.00
6000.00
4000.00
2000.00
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
time
VOLUME OF THE RESERVOIR
24MGD
DESCRIPTION
Capacity of storage
m3 MG
Effective volume 11268 2.98
Reserve volume 732 0.19
total volume 12000 3.2
32MGD
DESCRIPTION Capacity of storage
m3 MG
Effective volume 151923 4
Reserve volume 807 0.22
total volume 16000 4.22
The 16MGD scenario was simulated only to check the trend of the inlet and outlet volumes, but this
hypothesis is excluded due to the ever-increasing demand water. It is proposed to build a Reservoir with a
capacity of at least 3.2MG.

HYDRAULIC MODEL MSRF

The operation of the Transmission Line with Reservoir was simulated, respectively considering the flow
according to the present requested performance to the WTP – 16 MGD – and the future service level after
the upgrade – 24 MGD. In addition, the current water demand scenario of 32MGD was also considered.
For the ongoing service conditions – water flow of 16MGD, equivalent to 704 l/sec (24/24h) – for the
16MGD Water demand assigned to the
network nodes
Locations mc/h l/s
Res Morison 1395.936 387.76
Res Paynesville 294.66 81.85
end point 633.42 175.95
16"WTP 210.384 58.44
Total 2534.4 704
nodes.
Figure 64 Solution MSRF-Type A Present situation PRESSURE

The minimum pressures in the system during the peak flow are shown. In the Coca Cola Factory and
Somalia Drive stretches negative pressures aries, not guaranteeing operation during the daily peak.
During the day, on average, the system works correctly.
From the results of the analyses, the filling of the Paynesville Reservoir is assured.
OUTPUT HYDRAULIC MODEL- Morison Reservoir
Figure 65 output hydraulic model - Reservoir
Red=water demand
Green=water inlet
With the realization of the reservoir it is possible to deliver a maximum flow of 951 LPS, equivale to
3423.6 m3/h (9MG for hour maximum request) in the scenario 16MGD.
Figure 66 daily variation of the water level in the tank


For the future upgrade of WTP, equivale to 1049 l/s for the operation 24/24 hours.

network nodes
locations mc/h l/s
Res Morison 2219.15 616.43
end point 947.81 263.28
16"WTP 314.79 87.44
total 3776.4 1049
nodes.
Figure 67 Solution MSRF-Type A Future upgrade PRESSURE

The minimum pressures in the system during the peak flow rate are shown. Negative pressures on all
branches of distribution are foreseen, not guaranteeing operation during the daily peak. At the end point
of the Tubman Road pipeline an approximately 27m of load during maximum demand sorts out.
From the results of the analyses, the filling of the Paynesville Reservoir is assured.
Red=water inlet
Green=water demand
With the realization of the Reservoir it is possible to deliver a maximum flow of 1500 LPS, equivale
to 5400 m3/h (14MG for hour maximum request) in the scenario 24MGD.


The water flow of WTP is equivalent to 1404 l/s for the operation 24/24 hours.

network nodes
locations mc/h l/s
Res Morison 3016.69 838.08
end point 1224.68 340.19
16"WTP 517.97 143.88
total 5054 1404
nodes.
Figure 70 Solution MSRF-Type A Current required water flow PRESSURE

The minimum pressures in the system during the peak flow rate are shown. Negative pressures arise on
all branches of distribution, not guaranteeing operation during the daily peak. At the end point of the
Tubman Road pipeline an approximately 22m of load during maximum demand sorts out.
From the results of the analyzes, the filling of the Paynesville reservoir is assured.

Red=water inlet
Green=water demand
With the realization of the reservoir it is possible to deliver a maximum flow of 2015 LPS, equivale
to 7254 m3/h (19MG for hour maximum request) in the scenario 32MGD.

Conclusions and recommendations for solution MSRF - Type A

There are several advantages due to the presence of the Morison Reservoir:
1. Saving on the diameters of the main pipe downstream of the tank
TUBMAN ROAD
Solution length (km) Diameter (")
B 5.5 48"
3 48"
MSRF - 0.85 40"
type A
1.65 24"
2. Constant pumping from the WTP, avoiding water hammer and continues system failures. The
head required by the pumping will not be higher than 70m compared to the current maximum
head which is 97m;
3. Eventually replacement of the old pumps with pumps lower head and therefore energy saving;
4. A peak flow rate is guaranteed with adequate loads on the end point of Tubman Road.
At the end point of the Tubman Road pipeline, an adequate load under all conditions is assured.
The culvert will be slightly expanded to accommodate the new hydraulic infrastructure and its
appurtenances.
In addition, due to the high constraints on Tubman Road, an MSRF - Type B solution is proposed because
a larger box culvert is required to accommodate a double pipeline.
The criticality of the distribution system remains. The upgrade of diameter of some pipelines is
strongly recommended, as it is not possible to deliver the flow rate with adequate loads in the
current state.
Below the rehabilitation of the diameters of the outlets, in the condition of 32 MGD is sown.
Figure 73 Solution MSRF-Type A ( Current required water flow ) Rehabilitation

TUBMAN ROAD
Outlet locations Outlet diameters (“) L(m)
Duport Road 6 7523
Weaver Avenue 6 370
Howard Road 4 889
12 1764
ELWA Road 10 3003
8 695
The simulation was successful with adequate loads and ensuring the water flow rate of 32 MGD, by
increasing the diameters along Somalia Drive (40”) for 10471m, along Coca Cola Factory (16”) for
2290m, along Duport Road (16”) for 1625m, along Weaver Avenue (16”) for 370m, along Howard Road
(12”) for 889m, along A.B tolbert Road (12”) for 760m and along ELWA Road (24”) for 4764m.
TUBMAN ROAD
Outlet locations Outlet diameters rehabilitation (“) L stretch (m)
40 10471
16 2290
16 1625
Duport Road Existing diameter 6 5898
Weaver Avenue 16 370
Howard Road 12 889
12 760
A.B tolbert Road Existing diameter 4 630
24 4764
ELWA Road Existing diameter 8 695

4.4. Solution MSRF - Type B

To replace the existing 36 “pipeline with a new 48” pipeline, construction of an offset reservoir on the hill
16 km south of the WTP, 1km east of Pipeline Road in Morison Farm Village. The Reservoir capacity
will offset the City’s water demand and ensure constant water flow for the WTP and pipeline to the
Paynesville and Morison Farm Reservoir. The distribution of water in Monrovia City will be by gravity.
A booster will be necessary along GSA Road to ensure the filling of the Paynesville Reservoir.
Figure 74 Outlets diameters

Figure 75 Deviations along Morison Reservoir

PIPE:
4. Morison Reservoir towards outlets, end point and Paynesville Reservoir
Insert a booster to ensure the filling of the Paynesville Reservoir. The head of the system does not exceed
10/15 m.
The dimensioning of the tank remains the same also for the MSRF - typeB solution.
TUBMAN ROAD
Duport Road 6 7523
Weaver Avenue 6 370
Howard Road 4 889
GSA Road 12 284
4 1366
16(RES) 2300
ELWA Road 12 1764
10 3003
8 695
4 1164
SKD 12 5015
END POINT 24 /
WTP
16" WTP 16 /
Main transmission line diameters (")

WTP - Morison Reservoir 48
Morison Reservoir - Outlets
Morison reservoir – Gsa Road 48
Gsa Road – Elwa Road 40
Elwa Road – End Point 24
HYDRAULIC MODEL MSRF

The operation of the Transmission Line with reservoir was simulated, respectively considering the flow
according to the present requested performance to the WTP – 16 MGD – and the future service level after
the upgrade – 24 MGD. In addition, the current water demand scenario of 32MGD was also considered.


For the ongoing service conditions the water flow of 16MGD is equivalent to 704 l/sec (24/24h) for the
network nodes
locations mc/h l/s
Res Morison 1395.936 387.76
end point 633.42 175.95
16"WTP 210.384 58.44
total 2534.4 704
nodes.
Figure 77 Solution MSRF-Type B Present situation PRESSURE
The minimum pressures in the system during the peak flow are shown. In the Coca Cola Factory and
Somalia Drive stretches negative pressures arise up, not guaranteeing operation during the daily peak.
During the day, on average, the system works correctly.
The results of the analyses assure that the Paynesville reservoir will be filled with a booster located along
the GSA Road outlet. Water flow rate of 81.85 LPS over the 24 hours with a head of about 10-15 m.

For the future upgrade of WTP, equivalent to 1049 l/s for the operation 24/24 hours.
network nodes
locations mc/h l/s
Res Morison 2219.15 616.43
end point 947.81 263.28
16"WTP 314.79 87.44
total 3776.4 1049
nodes.
Figure 78 Solution MSRF-Type B Future upgrade PRESSURE
The minimum pressures in the system during the peak flow rate are shown. Negative pressures rise on all
branches of distribution, not guaranteeing operation during the daily peak. At the end point of the
Tubman Road pipeline an approximately 27m of load during maximum demand is assured.
The results of the analyses guarantee that the Paynesville Reservoir will be filled with a booster located
along the GSA Road outlet. Water flow rate of 81.85 LPS over the 24 hours with a head of about 10-15
m.


For the current required water flow of WTP, equivalent to 1404 l/s for the operation 24/24 hours.

network nodes
locations mc/h l/s
Res Morison 3016.69 838.08
end point 1224.68 340.19
16"WTP 517.97 143.88
total 5054 1404
nodes.
Figure 79 Solution MSRF-Type B Current required water flow PRESSURE
The minimum pressures in the system during the peak flow rate are shown. Negative pressures rise up on
all branches of distribution, not guaranteeing operation during the daily peak. At the end point of the
Tubman Road pipeline an approximately 21 m of load during maximum demand is secured.
The results of the analyses guarantee that the Paynesville Reservoir will be filled thanks a booster located
along the GSA Road outlet. Water flow rate of 81.85 LPS over the 24 hours with a head of about 10-15
m.

Conclusions and recommendations for solution MSRF - type B

The several advantages of the foreseen Reservoir are:
1. Savings on the diameters of the pipes downstream of the tank and there is no double pipeline
along Tubman Road.
TUBMAN ROAD
B 5.5 48"
MSRF - 3 48"
type B 0.85 40"
1.65 24"
2. Constant pumping from the WTP, avoiding water hammer and continues system failures. The
head required by the pumping will not be higher than 67 meters compared to the current
maximum head which is 97 meters.
3. Eventually replacement of the old pumps with pumps lower head and therefore energy saving.
4. A peak flow rate is guaranteed with adequate loads on the end point of Tubman Road.
At the end point of the Tubman Road pipeline, an adequate load under all conditions is assured.
A booster at the Paynesville tank along GSA Road is recommended, as the water flow will be maintained
as 81.85 LPS (24/24h) and the required head will be 10-15m in order to fill the tank.
The criticality of the distribution system remains, it is absolutely needed to increase the diameters of
certain distribution pipes because in current state it is not possible to deliver the flow rate with adequate
loads.
Below the rehabilitation of the diameters of the outlets, in the condition of 32 MGD is shown.
Figure 80 Solution MSRF-Type B ( Current required water flow ) Rehabilitation

TUBMAN ROAD
Outlet locations Outlet diameters (“) L(m)
Duport Road 6 7523
Weaver Avenue 6 370
Howard Road 4 889
12 1764
ELWA Road 10 3003
8 695
The simulation was successful with adequate loads and ensuring the water flow rate of 32 MGD by
increasing the diameters along Somalia Drive (40”) for 10471m, along Coca Cola Factory (16”) for
2290m, along Duport Road (16”) for 1625m, along Weaver Avenue (16”) for 370m, along Howard Road
(12”) for 889m, along A.B tolbert Road (12”) for 760m and along ELWA Road (24”) for 4764m.
TUBMAN ROAD
Outlet locations Outlet diameters rehabilitation (“) L stretch (m)
40 10471
16 2290
16 1625
Duport Road Existing diameter 6 5898
Weaver Avenue 16 370
Howard Road 12 889
12 760
A.B tolbert Road Existing diameter 4 630
24 4764
ELWA Road Existing diameter 8 695

5 ANALYSES WITH PRIORITY MATRIX

5.1. Description and weights of the adopted technical criteria
To achieve a quantitative comparison among the proposed solutions, a priority matrix has been set up,
based on score for some important features, that are consequent to the design choices. They are:
 The efficiency of the WTP;

 The efficiency of the pumping station;
 The Pipeline regime;
 The response to future needs;
 The energy saving and the carbon foot print effect;
 The economy impacts.
To each one of these parameters a base score has been assigned for every solution in terms of one point
for every achieved advantage. To each parameter a weight to multiply the correspondent score has been
set up according to the following table:
PARAMETER WEIGHT
WTP EFFICIENCY 15
PUMPING STATION EFFICIENCY 15
PIPELINE REGIME 30
RESPONSE TO FUTURE NEED 15
ENERGY SAVING AND CARBON FOOT PRINT EFFECT 15
ECONOMY IMPACT 10
TOTAL 100
The economic impact evaluation is based on the Preliminary Cost estimates of Annexes 3a, 3b, 3c,
3d, that are summarized in the following table.
POSSIBLE COMBINED SOLUTIONS PRELIMINARY ROUNDED

EVALUATED COST
B 25 183 800.00 25 200 000.00
B+PV 28 239 000.00 28 300 000.00
MSRF-Type A 35 896 600.00 35 900 000.00
MSRF-Type A+PV 38 951 800.00 39 000 000.00
MSRF-Type B 35 296 600.00 35 300 000.00
MSRF-Type B+PV 38 351 800.00 38 400 000.00

5.2. Benefit Matrix

The results of the Benefit Matrix are summarized as follows:
CODE POSSIBLE COMBINED WEIGHT SCORE WEIGHT SCORE WEIGHT SCORE WEIGHT SCORE WEIGHT SCORE WEIGHT SCORE FINAL
SCENARIOS SCORE-
WEIGHED
BALANCE
15 15 30 15 15 10
WTP PUMPING PIPELINE REGIME RESPONSE ENERGY SAVING ECONOMY
EFFICIENCY STATION TO FUTURE AND CARBON IMPACT
EFFICIENCY NEED FOOT PRINT
EFFECT
B NEW PIPELINE
REPLACEMENT
ELIMINATION OF 1 6 LEVEL 6
LEAKAGE LOWER CAPEX
DURABILITY OF THE 1
PIPELINE
SUB-TOTAL 0 0 2 0 0 6 1.2
B+PV NEW PIPELINE
REPLACEMENT AND
PHOTOVOLTAIC
PLANT AT WHITE
PLAINS WATER
TREATMENT PLANT
REDUCED 1 ELIMINATION OF 1 HIGH EFFECTS 1 5 LEVEL 5
RISK OF LEAKAGE ON CARBON FOOT LOWER CAPEX
ENERGY PRINT
BLACKOUT REDUCTION
POSSIBLE 1 DURABILITY OF THE 1
RECOVERY PIPELINE
OF UNUSED
REN ENERGY
SUB-TOTAL 2 0 2 0 1 5 1.55
MSRF- NEW PIPELINE
Type A REPLACEMENT AND
MONUT SOUTH
RESERVOIR IN
MORISON FARM
WITH CONNECTION
PIPELINE TO
PAYNESVILLE
STEADY 1 STEADY STATE 1 ELIMINATION OF 1 RESPONSE 1 NO ENERGY 1 3 LEVEL 3
STATE OF OF PUMPING LEAKAGE TO THE CONSUMPTION LOWER CAPEX
CLEAN ALL TIMES FUTURE FOR
WATER NEED OF PAYNESVILLE
PRODUCTION WATER FEEDING
PROCESS DEMAND
REDUCED 1 DURABILITY OF THE 1

DEMAND OF PIPELINE
PUMPING HEADS
REDUCED 1 INCREASED AMOUNT 1
ENERGY OF DELIVERED
CONSUMPTION WATER

REDUCED 1
MAINTENANCE
COSTS
SUB-TOTAL 1 4 3 1 1 3 2.25
MSRF- NEW PIPELINE
Type REPLACEMENT AND
A+PV MONUT SOUTH
RESERVOIR IN
MORISON FARM
WITH CONNECTION
PIPELINE TO
PAYNESVILLE AND
PHOTOVOLTAIC
PLANT AT WHITE
PLAINS WATER
TREATMENT PLANT
STEADY 1 STEADY STATE 1 ELIMINATION OF 1 RESPONSE 1 HIGH EFFECTS 1 1 LEVEL 1
STATE OF OF PUMPING LEAKAGE TO THE ON CARBON FOOT LOWER CAPEX
CLEAN ALL TIMES FUTURE PRINT
WATER NEED OF REDUCTION
PRODUCTION WATER
PROCESS DEMAND
REDUCED 1 REDUCED 1 DURABILITY OF THE 1 NO ENERGY 1
RISK OF DEMAND OF PIPELINE CONSUMPTION
ENERGY PUMPING HEADS FOR
BLACKOUT PAYNESVILLE
FEEDING
POSSIBLE 1 REDUCED 1 INCREASED AMOUNT 1
RECOVERY ENERGY OF DELIVERED
OF UNUSED CONSUMPTION WATER
REN ENERGY
REDUCED 1
MAINTENANCE
COSTS
SUB-TOTAL 3 4 3 1 2 1 2.5
MSRF- NEW PIPELINE
Type B REPLACEMENT AND
MONUT SOUTH
RESERVOIR IN
MORISON FARM
WITH BOOSTER AT
THE CONNECTION
PIPELINE TO
PAYNESVILLE
STEADY 1 STEADY STATE 1 ELIMINATION OF 1 RESPONSE 1 4 LEVEL 4
STATE OF OF PUMPING LEAKAGE TO THE LOWER CAPEX
CLEAN ALL TIMES FUTURE
WATER NEED OF
PRODUCTION WATER
PROCESS DEMAND
REDUCED 1 DURABILITY OF THE 1
DEMAND OF PIPELINE
PUMPING HEADS
REDUCED 1 INCREASED AMOUNT 1
ENERGY OF DELIVERED
CONSUMPTION WATER
REDUCED 1 PIPE LENGHT 1
MAINTENANCE OPTIMIZATION
COSTS
SUB-TOTAL 1 4 4 1 0 4 2.5
MSRF- NEW PIPELINE
Type REPLACEMENT AND
B+PV MONUT SOUTH
RESERVOIR IN
MORISON FARM
WITH BOOSTER AT
THE CONNECTION
PIPELINE TO
PAYNESVILLE AND
PHOTOVOLTAIC
PLANT AT WHITE
PLAINS WATER
TREATMENT PLANT
STEADY 1 STEADY STATE 1 ELIMINATION OF 1 RESPONSE 1 HIGH EFFECTS 1 2 LEVEL 2
STATE OF OF PUMPING LEAKAGE TO THE ON CARBON FOOT LOWER CAPEX
CLEAN ALL TIMES FUTURE PRINT
WATER NEED OF REDUCTION
PRODUCTION WATER
PROCESS DEMAND
REDUCED 1 REDUCED 1 DURABILITY OF THE 1
RISK OF DEMAND OF PIPELINE
ENERGY PUMPING HEADS
BLACKOUT
POSSIBLE 1 REDUCED 1 INCREASED AMOUNT 1
RECOVERY ENERGY OF DELIVERED
OF UNUSED CONSUMPTION WATER
REN ENERGY
REDUCED 1 PIPE LENGHT 1

MAINTENANCE OPTIMIZATION
COSTS
SUB-TOTAL 3 4 4 1 1 2 2.75

The benefit level is clearly shown up by the plot of figure 81.
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
B B+PV MSRF-Type A MSRF-Type A+PV MSRF-Type B MSRF-Type B+PV
Figure 81

6 SELECTED SOLUTION
6.1. Introduction
The selected solution, based on all the above analyses and comparison, is the MSRF-Type B, whose total
score from the Benefit Matrix is at maximum rate. The solution actually responds to the need to create a
disconnection between the transmission line and the local hydraulic distribution network in the town,
thanks to the construction of a new Reservoir not far from the City, that is the location of the most
resident users. The solution foresees the installation of a proper booster at the GSA outlet of the feeding
pipeline to allow the full filling of the Paynesville Reservoir, avoiding by this way, the implementation of
a double pipeline along Tubman Road – solution MSR – Type A.
6.2. Technical description

The main components of the Projects are:
The transmission Pipeline running for 25.5 km from the White Plains Water Treatment Plant to the
connection with the existing 24” pipeline (end point) just in front of the Health Ministry Office in
Monrovia;
A booster will be necessary along GSA Road to ensure the filling of the Paynesville Reservoir.
From the WTP there will be two deviations:
1. WTP towards Morison Reservoir, length pipe about 18km with diameter 48”
2. Morison Reservoir towards outlets and end point (Tubman Road)
TUBMAN ROAD
3 48"
MSRF - 0.85 40"
type B
1.65 24"
All the Project assumptions are based on the following hypotheses:

 The White Plains Water Treatment Plant capacity will be recovered to get back to the nominal
clean water production of 16 MGD, after the implementation of the recommendations;
 The White Plains Water Treatment Plant capacity will be improved to an increased capacity of
clean water production of 24 MGD, after the extension of the infrastructure;
 The White Plains Water Treatment Plant will possibly further improved to a capacity of
production of 32 MGD.
6.3. Tender flexibility

The proposed solution will allow the Client to plan the requested investments via a stepped procedure. In
fact, the layout is not incompatible with the alternative solution B, which entails the minimum
construction cost. It is possible to design a specific outlet to connect the main Pipeline to the new
Reservoir to plan for a further step, and to programmed the investments with a proper timeframe.
The tender can start according to the financial availability corresponding to the construction cost of the
solution B. By this way, the scenario will be open to the improvement towards the solution MSRF, that

will be implemented once the fund availability will allow it. Based on the ongoing Project, all the works
are ready and fully designed since the present time, in order to achieve a complete financial plan.
The stepping procedure can be set up as follows:
STEPPING PROCEDURE
STEP SUBJECT PHASE WHEN
NO.
1 CONSULTANT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FULL DETAIL DESIGN IMMEDIATELY
OF THE SOLUTION MSRF – TYPE A OR B
2 CONSULTANT SPLITTING THE DESIGN INTO 5 LOTS
3 CLIENT TENDER FOR THE MAIN TRANSMISSION LINE AFTER THE

CONSTRUCTION – LOT 1 AND 2 – AROUND KM 17 DELIVERY OF
THE TENDER
DOCUMENTS
4 CLIENT TENDER FOR THE MAIN TRANSMISSION LINE AFTER THE
CONSTRUCTION – LOT 3– AROUND KM 8+500 AVAILABILITY
OF RELEVANT
FUNDS
5 CLIENT TENDER FOR THE NEW RESERVOIR AFTER THE
CONSTRUCTION – LOT 4 AVAILABILITY
OF RELEVANT
FUNDS
6 CLIENT TENDER FOR OF DBO OF THE PHOTOVLTAIC
PARK AT THE WTP CONSTRUCTION – LOT 5
LOT CONTENTS
1 CONSTRUCTION OF MAIN TRANSMISSION LINE CONSTRUCTION – AROUND STA 0-8.500
2 CONSTRUCTION OF MAIN TRANSMISSION LINE CONSTRUCTION – AROUND STA 8.500-17.000
3 CONSTRUCTION OF MAIN TRANSMISSION LINE CONSTRUCTION – AROUND STA 17.000-25.500
4 CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW RESERVOIR AND THE CONNECTING PIPELINES
5 DBO CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE PHOTOVLTAIC PARK AT THE WTP

7 SOCIAL – ENVIROMENTAL SITUATION

The Social – Environmental Situation of the project area highlights both socio economics and
environmental condition of the people dwelling within the area and they are practically: agriculture
infrastructure, land ownership, land use, population, income levels, religion and access to sanitation.
7.1. Agriculture
Most of the semi urban part of the project area is comprised of agricultural land owing to its wide Agro
Ecological Zone range; from Tropical Alpine Zone (TA). The light bush and grown grasses occupy the
highest grounds while the urbanized areas comprise of modern settlement. Horticultural crops and
subsistence crops like rice, cassava pitches, bush palms, mangroves, plantain, pineapple, bananas, maize,
pepper, bitter balls, okra, and tropical beans are found in the mid and lower zones of the project study
area. i.e. the semi urban region.
The people in the semi urban region of the project study area are predominantly farmers and apart from
crops, they also practice animal husbandry. The animals reared include dairy animals, poultry, pigs, goats,
sheep, cows and guinea pigs on a smaller scale.
In 2016, more than 2.2 million Liberians were unable to meet their basic food needs, of which almost 1.5
million (68%) resided in rural areas, 1.6 million were below the food-poverty line, and 670,000 lived in
extreme poverty. Regional and urban-rural disparities in poverty rates widened in the wake of the Ebola
crisis and the collapse of global commodity prices.
The project is agriculturally friendly, which means to say that the soil is rich for agro activities and the
rivers support fishery. However, the economic potential of these assets remains largely untapped.
7.2. Religion
Most of the project area residents are mainstream Christians with the major denominations being the
Roman Catholic, Pentecost and other protestant churches.
7.3. Sanitation
Approximately 99.78 per cent of the households within the project area use toilet facilities. Out of these,
65.97 percent use flush toilets, 25.97 percent use VIP latrines and the rest use ordinary pit latrines. The
majority of people living in the market and trading centers use ordinary pit latrines, “which is commonly
called government toilet.”
7.4. Access to water

According to the various stakeholder’s interview reports, including the public administration and public
health centers, water accessibility within the project area still remains a challenge. The locals experience
cases of rationing or, in some cases, prolonged water shortages/non-flow. Most of the residents, including
the social amenities in the area use boreholes, close and open wells and hand pumps to supplement their
water needs. There are few drinking water companies that had been established by private business
personnel to meet the drinking water demand needs for the population at large.
7.5. Infrastructure, Housing and Industry

About 40 percent of the households live in stone/brick walled houses, 24.3 percent in mud/wood walled
houses while 2.19 percent live in grass straw/tin walled houses. Most housing units in the county are
roofed with metal roofing sheets (94.38 percent), while thatches and grass roof constitute 0.018per cent of
the households. Most of these housing units have earth floor (60.04 percent), followed by cement floor at
38.85per cent. The project area has Low Grade, Middle Grade, and High Grade homes with no
government housing units.

7.6. General Inequality Index

It reflects gender-based disadvantage in three dimensions—reproductive health, empowerment and the
labor market. The index shows the loss in potential human development due to inequality between female
and male achievements in these dimensions. It varies between 0 when women and men fare equally and 1,
where one gender fares as poorly as possible in all measured dimensions.
7.7. Brief description of the project and key environmental and social components
The proposed LWSC 36” Main Transmission Pipeline of Treated Water Supply, Which Transport Treated
Water from the White Plains Water Treatment Plant to Monrovia City and its Environs is a semi urban
and urban water supply project that will rehabilitate the water supply systems of the White Plains Water
Treatment Plant, improve water resource management and address sanitation and hygiene challenges in
three townships, one sub city and one major city; namely, White Plains Township, Johnsonville
Township, Congo Township, Paynesville City and Monrovia City. It will also support capacity building
with particular emphasis on women and the youth, monitoring and evaluation as well as enhancing sector
reforms.
The project is located in Montserrado County, precisely in the White Plains Township and traverses
across Johnsonville Township, Paynesville City and Congo Township. The project entails the
construction of 25 Km of 36” Main Transmission {(914.4mm outside diameter (OD))} Treated Water
Pipeline of UPVC material from White Plains Water Treatment Plant to Congo Township. The proposed
project will transport treated water from the White Pains Treated Water Reservoir mainline supply and
will be constructed along the existing public road reserve and traverse some few parcels of land. The
project is funded by the World Bank through the Water Services Trust Fund as a results and impact based
loan; and SARI Consulting Ltd. (Lead Consultant) and BK Enterprise, local consultant are performing the
Engineering Design.
The project’s main target population is in Montserrado County especially Monrovia City and its Environs.
The project aims at triggering the construction of the 36” inches (914.4mm) diameter distribution network
as well as metering of new connections within the target area. The main project activities will be digging
and backfilling of the pipeline trench and construction of associated valve chambers and pipes.
The proposed project is a continuation of a national program receiving funding from the World Bank,
among other lenders, for which Phase I is in completion, i.e. preparation of all tender documents and
feasibility study. The project will be implemented over a period of 24 months commencing in 2022.
The project will have two main components namely: (i) Water Infrastructure/Sanitation and Hygiene, and
(ii) Capacity Development and Project Management.
The treated water supply infrastructure component will focus on construction of the 36” main
transmission pipeline which transport treated water to three (3) townships one sub city and Monrovia City
and its Environs. The project has been initiated to address the challenges low water supply coverage,
dilapidated infrastructure, which is less than 70% to Monrovia City and its environs. In addition, the
quality of water from groundwater sources (boreholes, shadow wells, streams/creeks and handpumps) is
salty, unsafe and untreated and as such, not potable. The proposed intervention to provide piped water
supply from treated water source is considered to be the best solution to address the water quality
concerns in the county.
The project will support catchment protection measures to sustain the raw water sources for the plant. It
will also support the installation of treated water supply monitoring and stream valves stations in key
locations and rehabilitation of water quality laboratory at the plant to enhance water quality and pollution
monitoring.
The sanitation and hygiene component will support the promotion of open defecation free (ODF)
communities, improved household sanitation through sanitation marketing, improved hygiene practice
and communal facilities for schools, markets and health centers.
Capacity development and project management component will focus primarily on supporting the district
councils to develop capacity to play the rightful role assigned to them under the country’s
Decentralization Policy which includes management, maintenance, and oversight of Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene (WASH) services to improve on sustainability of the proposed investments. The support will
also be directed to supporting the sector to review its policies on water and sanitation to address the
current needs of the sector.
The objective of the project is to contribute to socio-economic growth of Liberia by improving health and
livelihoods of the population through clean and sustainable water supply and improved sanitation.
7.8. Major environmental and social impacts

Positive Impacts:
In general, the project is expected to bring positive benefits among others, the followings are anticipated:-
Improving access to potable water in the target areas.
Through the project, water points will be increased in number and this will contribute to efforts by
government of reducing walking distance to water sources.
The benefits of this intervention include time savings associated with better access to water and sanitation
facilities.
The gain in productive time due to less time spent on fetching water, health sector and patients costs
saved due to less treatment of diarrhea diseases, and the value of prevented deaths.
The main contributor to benefits is the saving of time associated with better access to water supply and
sanitation services.
In addition, improved water supply services will contribute significantly on reduction to households and
the Government spending on water borne diseases, increase LWSC revenue generation and reduce none
revenue supply from illegal connection.
Improved and reliable water supply for the residents of Monrovia City and its environs
Residents of Monrovia City and its environs will benefit from an improved source of water. Incidence of
diseases that occur as a result of using raw water from shallow wells, streams and unprotected springs
will reduce. The stabilized water supply will also result in improved hygiene and sanitation practices.
Increased reliability of water supply to the residents of the County & Sub – Cities
The local communities in White Plains, Johnsonville, and Paynesville city and beyond complained of
irregular discharge of water supply from the treatment plant. Cases of water rationing around has also
been observed. During the construction of the new pipeline, the residents of Monrovia and Sub-Cites will
benefit from improved discharge from the plant.
Creation of employment opportunities for residents of the project area

The proposed project will provide short term and long term employment opportunities to the local
communities. The construction phase will provide short-term opportunities for casual workers and semi-
skilled labor. During the operational phase, long term employment opportunities will also be created
which will generate income and improve the living standards of the local population and its environs.
Improved Service Delivery by the County Government
The revenues generated from water supply fees by LWSC will provide capital to the corporation to
improve existing water supply infrastructure and develop new infrastructure. This will enable the
corporation to expand its areas of coverage, reduce Non-Revenue Water (NRW) and improve its customer
experience and services. This will contribute to improvement in the level of satisfaction of citizens to the
service delivery by the corporation.
Increased Revenue Generation by the National Government

The project will contribute to the national revenue. The contractor will pay taxes on purchasing materials
for the project. Construction workers will also pay income tax from their earnings while working on the
project.
Injection of Money to the Local Economy

There will be a short-term increase in economic activity around the project areas. The construction labor
force will require food and other items that will be bought from the retail shop outlets. The stabilized
supply of water will spur the sprouting of local businesses such as eateries; additionally, the time saved
from fetching water will be used for other productive economic activities.
Benefits from Capacity Building

The knowledge of members of the community on various issues will be improved during the course of the
project. Occupational health, safety and environmental training and awareness will be extended to
workers both during the construction and operational phases of the projects (including site laborers,
skilled, semi-skilled and casual, site management and maintenance teams). This will be of great benefit to
all workers.
Negative Impacts
The sub-project components involve mainly construction of LWSC 36” Main Transmission Pipeline;
simple, appropriate, low cost technology that do not pose any significant environmental consequences.
Nevertheless, the project may have some minor and temporary environmental impacts resulting mainly
from the construction of water supply and sanitation facilities. Surface water abstraction usually impacts
downstream users during low river/stream flows. Drilling of boreholes will generate noise, dust and
fumes and the construction process will generate solid waste and other debris. These impacts will be
minor, temporary and confined to the areas immediately surrounding the construction. Intense
groundwater abstraction may deplete the aquifers and therefore the project will include provision of
groundwater monitoring wells in each project area. Other negative impacts include:-
(i) Over abstraction

(ii) Contamination of water sources
(iii) Delivery of unsafe water
(iv) Management and disposal of sanitary waste and disposal during operation
(v) Damage to existing vegetation and resources during construction
(vi) Risk of industrial accidents during construction
(vii) Increased risk of HIV/AIDs and STDs due to interactions of contractor’s staffs and the local
population
(viii) Delivery of construction pipes and fittings to the construction site
(ix) Manual and mechanical excavation of trenches
(x) Cutting of trenches along and across road sections or micro-tunneling of the road sections
(xi) Temporary stockpiling of soils, sub-soils and stones along the trenches
(xii) Delivery of material for bedding of concrete joints and associated valve chambers (e.g. sand,
cement, and concrete)
(xiii) Delivering pipeline sections and culverts to the construction sites if need be
(xiv) Jointing of the pipeline sections
(xv) Backfilling of the trenches
(xvi) Rehabilitation of the project site
(xvii) Repair and maintenance of sections of the pipeline
(xviii) Connection of new customers to the pipeline

(xix) Excavation works
(xx) Cutting/ sawing of pipe sections
(xxi) Temporary stockpiling of soils, sub-soils and stones along the trenches
(xxii) Demolition of concrete joints and other civil works
(xxiii) Transportation of pipe sections and fittings from the pipeline sites
(xxiv) Removal of solid wastes (i.e. earth material and civil wastes) from the pipeline sites
(xxv) Rehabilitation of the project site
8 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT

8.1. General
Previous experience in the sub-sector suggests that impacts related to land acquisition and resettlement or
relocation is unlikely to occur since most water supply projects are planned at the community level and
consensus arrived at before implementation. If the Project will require small areas of land for the location
of project construction sites of the pipeline and, in some cases, small storage tanks or strips of land for
laying distribution pipeline, these will be outside the perimeter areas in private or agricultural land or
unused land owned by the Traditional Authorities. The community will contribute land for the facilities as
part of their contribution to the Project if the selected site is on private or community land. If the selected
sites are on private land, the land project will adopt a willing buyer-willing seller approach to land
acquisition. These will be part of the project selection criteria. The Government through the corporation
(LWSC) will screen each construction contraction before the award of the civil works contracts to ensure
that the site selection does not cause any involuntary resettlement effects that would require compensation
under World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement.
8.2. Social impacts

The impact of the Project is expected to be positive. The improved quantities and quality of water
available will lead to an improved quality of life. The formation of committees for water points and
catchments will empower vulnerable and disenfranchised communities. Through the Project, poor
women-headed households, youth, the elderly and disabled people will have equal access to potable
water. Access to potable water and increased sanitation awareness among the population and children will
improve health and sanitation. Improved health conditions will reduce the mortality rate and incidence of
waterborne and skin diseases. The number of hours spent on collecting water will be reduced significantly
by the establishment of water points closer to public institutions and nearby towns and villages for the
semi urban areas. This will allow women to spend time in productive activities and family welfare.
People will have more time for school work and welfare activities.
Further, the Project’s sanitation and hygiene program will focus on the need to adopt proper sanitary
practices. This will lead to environmental improvements, added health benefits, and increased
productivity, resulting in direct economic benefits.
8.3. Cumulative impacts

The project involves the reconstruction of LWSC 36” Main Transmission Pipeline of Treated Water
Supply Systems that were constructed in the 1970s and 1980s as such no significant cumulative impacts
as a result of the project are anticipated. The Water Supply systems have degraded over the years and as a
result the communities resorted to establishing water wells where water was scarce. A number of the
wells have been affected by salt water intrusion. The LWSC, LWRB and the EPA recognize the adverse
impacts of water pollution and deforestation on the sustainability of water supply systems and will be
working together on the development of Water Management Plans and capacity building for the
established committees on the project. There were no significant projects in the targeted regions that
would contribute to cumulative impacts in the project area. The impact of additional boreholes in selected
locations is deemed minimal since the abstraction is by hand pumps and in small volumes. C)
Enhancement and mitigation program.
9 ENVIROMENTAL, SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental concerns for which appropriate safeguards has been built into the project designs include
(i) protection of environmentally sensitive areas around the water sources and in particular the river line
environments (swamps, streams/creeks agricultural areas), (ii) controlled abstraction of water from
ground water sources (iii) safeguarding the interest of downstream users for surface water sources.
General environmental protection measures to be taken at any work site shall include:
To minimize the effect of dust on the environment resulting from earth mixing sites, vibrating
equipment, construction related traffic on temporary or existing access roads, etc. to ensure
safety, health and the protection of workers and communities living in the vicinity of work sites
and access roads.
(b) Ensure that noise levels emanating from machinery, vehicles and noisy construction activities
(e.g. excavation, blasting) comply with EPA standards and are generally kept at a minimum for
the safety, health and protection of workers within the vicinity of high noise levels and nearby
communities.
I Ensure that existing water flow regimes in spring, rivers, streams and other natural or irrigation
channels are maintained and/or re-established where they are disrupted due to works being
carried out.
(d) The Contractor shall provide mechanisms to protect soils and vegetation from being washed
to the rivers during construction.
(e ) Any site affected by the site work will be restored to its initial condition. This applies to
vegetation removed, grounds dug and soils removed, etc. Topsoil will be stripped ahead of any
earthmoving, stored near the construction site, and replaced in its original location after the re-
contouring of the area affected by the works.
(f) Prevent any construction-generated substance, including bitumen, oils, lubricants and waste
water used or produced during the execution of works, from entering into springs, rivers, streams,
dams, irrigation channels and other natural water bodies/reservoirs.
(g) Avoid or minimize the occurrence of standing water in holes, trenches, borrow areas, etc.
(h) Prevent and minimize the impacts of quarrying, earth borrowing, piling and building of
temporary construction camps and access roads on the biophysical environment including
protected areas and arable lands; local communities and their settlements. Restore/rehabilitate all
sites to acceptable standards.
(i) Upon discovery of graves, cemeteries, cultural sites of any kind, including ancient heritage,
relics or anything that might or believed to be of archeological or historical importance during the
execution of works, immediately report such findings to the
Township/City Council and the proponent so that the authority in charge of Culture may be expeditiously
contacted for fulfillment of the measures aimed at protecting such historical or archaeological resources.
(j) Prohibit construction workers from engaging in the exploitation of natural resources such as hunting,
fishing, and collection of forest products or any other activity that might have a negative impact on the
social and economic welfare of the local communities. Prohibit explicitly the transport of any bush meat
in Contractor’s vehicles.
10 GENDER MAINSTREAMING
10.1. General
Specific steps to enhance women’s participation in the Project include:-
 Identifying women’s groups in the community;
 Youth Participation: It is anticipated that jobs will be created during project implementation and
the project will ensure youth participation especially in the construction of the pipeline.
10.2. Monitoring Program and Complementary Initiatives

The key objectives of monitoring are: (i) Ensure that the ESMP is implemented; (ii) Evaluate the
effectiveness of the mitigation measures; (iii) Verification of predicted impacts; and (iv) Provide feedback
to regulatory authorities, the project sponsor World Bank.
The key verifiable indicators which will be used to monitor the impacts (depending on the nature, size
and scope of the project) are presented in Table 2 below. The Framework Environmental Monitoring Plan
for the project is presented in Table 3.
Table 2: Key environmental and social monitoring indicators for the water projects:
Component Indicators
Communicable Diseases  Prevalence rates (evolution over time) of diseases such as malaria,
schistosomiases and diarrhea.
Non-Communicable  Prevalence of poisoning and goiter.
Diseases
Gender
Roles and Responsibilities  Time allocation of women before and after the project.
Income Generatingactivities  Proportions of household income devoted to water supply and

sources of funds- men or women (before and after the project).
Table 3: Framework Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan for the Project
Environmental Expected Parameters tobe Responsible Monitoring Frequency Estimated

Component/ Aspect Impacts monitored/Indicators Organization/Persons Cost (USD)
Pre-construction phase
Socio-economic Creation of  Number of  LWSC Quarterly
awareness consultation
about the meetings
project
Construction Phase
Socio-economic Creation of  Number of Township/City Labor Officer Quarterly
employment people
opportunities employed
Skill transferto Number of people Township/City LaborOfficer Quarterly Cost
local employed covered
communities above

Creation of  Number of people  Ministry responsible for Quarterly

market for involved in the trade and industries
goods and provision of goods
services andservices
Biodiversity Loss of  Size of landre-  Township/City Quarterly

vegetative vegetated Council
cover
Loss of habitat  Size of landre-  Township/City Quarterly
for wild animals vegetated Council
Aesthetics Noise and  Reduced noise  Department of Quarterly

vibration levels Occupation Safety and
Health
Land and soil Increased risksoil  Reduced amount  Department of Land Quarterly
erosion of soil erosion Resources
Conservation
Water Sedimentationof  Reduced  Water quality Bi-annual
Resources River amount of sediment services division
in
water sources
Increased riskof  Quality ofwater SARI / BK Enterprise Bi-annual
pollution
Land and soil Disturbance of  Number of Township/City Council Bi-annual
agricultural gardens Socialwarfare Office
activities disturbed
Social Economic Influx of people  Number of  Township/City Council Bi-annual Cost
to project areas people flocking covered
during tothe project
constructionas areas
well as
after
completion;
Risk of  Number of District AIDS Bi-annual

HIV/AIDS awareness Coordinator
infection campaigns
conducted;
 Number of
condoms
distributed
Occupation safety and Injuries due to Reported cases of  Department of Bi-annual Cost
health construction injuries/accidents Occupation Safety covered
works and Health above
Operation and maintenance phase

Improved Reduced incidences of Township/City Bi-annual
health and water borne diseases Council Health
sanitation to Officer
water users

Reduced Reduced distances to Department of Bi-annual

walking water points Sanitation and Hygiene
distance to
water points
Safety andHealth Reduced Reduced District HealthOfficer Bi-annual Cost

expenditure on expenditureson water covered
treatmentfor borne diseases above
water borne
diseases
Water Resources Increased riskof Reduced amount of Department of Water Bi-annual

depleted water water flowingin River Resources
resources
Demobilization of construction phase

Loss of Number of people laid Township/City Quarterly Cost
employment off Council Labour covered
Officer above

Component/ Aspect Impacts monitored/ Organization/Persons Cost (USD)
Indicators
Generation of Amount of Environmental District Quarterly Cost
waste waste generated Officer covered
above
10.3. Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building

The project will be implemented using existing organizational structures of the consultants and the
Township/City Councils. LWSC is responsible for all water supply and sanitation related activities. The
LWSC project team will help the Township/City Council Officers and communities prioritize subprojects,
ensure recovery of O&M costs, and monitor and report on said facilities. At Township/City level there
will be support from Service Providers (SP) covering technical aspects as well as facilitation. All
construction works will be done by the private sector following public tendering. A summary of the
institutions and attendant responsibilities is provided in Table 4.
Table 4: Responsibilities of the various institutions:
Institution / Group Responsibilities

Project Communities - Participate at construction phase in the implementation of environmental
mitigation measures through the management committees;
- Implement environmental mitigation measures during operation phase, particularly
those related with well-head maintenance, protection of water intake sources and
drainage around the facilities.
Area Mechanics - Participate at operation phase in environmental mitigation measures related with
well chlorination and pump maintenance.
Township/City Council - Monitor the actual implementation of environmental mitigation measures at
construction and operation phase by Township/City Council Water Officers and
Environment officers.

Construction - Implement environmental mitigation measures related to construction (for example
Contractors drilling fluids management, construction waste management, site reclamation).
These must be built into the contracts.
Operation Contractors - Implement environmental mitigation measures related to operation (for example
waste/reagents management).
Environment Officers of - Supervise the implementation by construction contractors of environmental
Township/City Council and mitigation measures at construction phase (as part of technical supervision
Consultant contract).
- Support in training and capacity building of communities and committees.
Environmental Affairs - Review Site-specific ESMPs where required;
Department (EAD) - Monitor construction environmental mitigations implemented by
construction contractors;

- Review ESMP monitoring reports so prescribed by ESIA/EIA guidelines;
- Monitor the implementation of operation environmental mitigations implemented
by operation contractors.
LWSC - Supervise the overall implementation of the ESMPs;
- Provide an overall annual environmental monitoring report for review by Word
Bank
World Bank or Donors - Review the ESMP;
- Monitor the overall implementation of the ESMP, including the review of annual
environmental reports provided by LWSC.
The LWSC will constitute, within the Corporation and made up of corporation staff, a Project
Coordination Team (PCT), comprising a Project Coordinator, Water and Sanitation Engineer,
Procurement/Contracts Management Expert, Accountant, Social/Community Mobilization Expert (who
has experience in gender mainstreaming activities), Environment and Social Safeguards Officer, Financial
Management Expert and M&E Expert. The PCT will report to the Project Task Force (comprising all the
Directors in the LWSC) on a monthly basis. Actual implementation including monitoring of the project
will be at the Township/City Council level through the Township/City Council Coordination Team, while
complex schemes like gravity fed schemes will be implemented through the PCT. The Township/City
Council Co-ordination Team comprises the Township/City Commissioner or delegated representative,
Township/City Council Water Officer, Township/City Council Environmental Officer, Township/City
Council Health Officer, Township/City Council M& E Officer.
The Capacity Building Program proposed for the project will include; (i) Training of Township/City
Council Coordination Teams and Extension Workers; (ii) Formation, training and capacitation of end
user; (iii) Strengthening of M&E systems including training in collecting, analyzing and reporting on
gender & social issues; (iv) Review of National Water Policy and review of the policy’s gender and social
equity dimensions; and (v) Preparation of a gender responsive Township/City Council Investment Plans.
10.4. Public consultation and disclosure

Public consultations were undertaken through key informant interviews and public meetings. The
consultations were meant to create awareness of the proposed project, assess the reaction of the affected
communities and identify any potential adverse social and environmental effects.
• Public Consultations meetings
Consultations with the communities were conducted in the project area with the help of the local
administration especially the chiefs, assistant chiefs, youth leaders, residence and business owners. The
discussions during these public meetings were centered on key emerging issues relating to the project as
well as the communities. A total of three public consultative meetings were held at the following
locations; Pipeline Community, Johnsonville Community and the White Plains Community.
• Key Informant Interviews
One-on-one interviews with county and national government agencies and institutions in the project area
were undertaken i.e. from White Plains Township office in White Plains, Johnsonville Township Office
in Johnsonville, Pipeline Community and the Congo Township Office in Congo town. The interview was
carryout in the water departments, the roads department, local Public Health Offices in the Environment
Departments.
These interviews were conducted to augment and confirm data and information obtained using the other
tools and methodologies.
Figure 82
11 WORK SCHEDULE
ANNEXES:
ANNEX 1: LIST OF DOCUMENTS SUPPLIED BY LWSC AND BY OTHER PROVIDERS
Z:\COMMESSE\J-K-L\LIBACQ\PAYNESVILLE
| tree.txt
| Camp Johnson Rd.jpg
| tree1.txt
|
+---4. GIS Training documents
| +---Tutorial for QGIS
| | TUTORIAL for QGIS_Monrovia case.docx
||
| \---Training documents
| Spatial coordinates Hydroconseil.pptx
| Introduction to GIS Hydroconseil.ppt
| GIS Training_planning and objectives.docx
|
+---1. Reference documents
| | IMG_4253.jpg~RF2fc4a4b7.TMP
| | IMG_4253.jpg
||
| +---Reports on LWSC
| | | LWSC-AUDIT Final Report 04-18-2013 A4.pdf
|||
| | +---ADB_ PPPs
| | | 140403 NRW PPP v2.pdf
| | | 131216 Bulk Water PPP discussion document.pdf
| | | 140524 Service extension PPP discussion document.pdf
| | | Monrovia PPPs_OBA_ Presetation to World Bank.ppt
|||
| | \---USAID Project
| | SUWASA Liberia COS and Tariff Model User Manual Final.pdf
| | 2013 LDHS CBT evaluation special report - 12-18-2013.pdf
| | Liberia COS Ratemaking General for Workshop.pdf
| | SUWASA Presenation for Liberia Workshop.pdf
| | Liberia COS Ratemaking Detailed for Training.pdf
| | Liberia_cost_of_service_data_tracker_FINAL.xlsx
| | Liberia Tariff Model_KAKATA.xlsx
| | Overview of COS & Tariff Model.pdf
| | Liberia Tariff Model_FINAL.xlsx
||
| +---2008 census
| | CSO-Liberia.pdf
| | poverty profile Liberia WB 2012.pdf
| | NPHC 2008 Final Report.pdf
| | Population Projection final 110512.pdf
| | Population size 210512.pdf
||
| +---Drawings
| | | IMG_4180.JPG
| | | IMG_4213.JPG
| | | IMG_4217.JPG
| | | IMG_4179.JPG
| | | IMG_4216.JPG
| | | IMG_4214.JPG
| | | IMG_4211.JPG
| | | IMG_4219.JPG
| | | IMG_4215.JPG
| | | IMG_4218.JPG
| | | IMG_4212.JPG
|||
| | +---Surveyed network and extension lines
| | | +---Doe community and Clara town
| | | | | Clara town - Doe community_georef.tif
|||||
| | | | \---Shapefiles
| | | | Buffer zone expansion network CT.qpj
| | | | Existing network - Doe community.shp
| | | | Expansion line 2 - Doe Community.prj
| | | | Buffer zone expansion line CT.prj
| | | | Buffer zone expansion network CT.shp
| | | | Buffer zone expansion line CT.qpj
| | | | Valves - Clara Town.prj
| | | | Valves - Doe community.shp
| | | | Buffer zone 2 - Clara town.shp
| | | | Expansion line Doe Community.shx
| | | | Valves - Clara Town.qpj
| | | | Existing network - Clara Town.dbf
| | | | Buffer zone DC and CT.qpj
| | | | Buffer zone 2 - Clara town.dbf
| | | | Buffer zone expansion network CT.shx
| | | | Expansion line - Clara Town.qpj
| | | | Valves - Doe community.shx
| | | | Expansion line 2 - Doe Community.dbf
| | | | Existing network - Clara Town.shx
| | | | Expansion line Doe Community.dbf
| | | | Buffer zone 3 Clara Town.shx
| | | | Expansion line 2 - Doe Community.shx
| | | | Existing network - Clara Town.prj
| | | | Buffer zone Expansion line DC.qpj
| | | | Expansion line 2 - Doe Community.qpj
| | | | Expansion line Doe Community.shp
| | | | Buffer zone 3 Clara Town.shp
| | | | Valves - Clara Town.shx
| | | | Buffer zone 2 - Clara town.shx
| | | | Existing network - Doe community.qpj
| | | | Buffer zone 2 - Clara town.qpj
| | | | Buffer zone expansion line CT.shx
| | | | Buffer zone Expansion line DC.dbf
| | | | Buffer zone DC and CT.shx
| | | | Buffer zone Expansion line DC.shp
| | | | Existing network - Doe community.shx
| | | | Buffer zone Expansion line DC.shx
| | | | Buffer zone 2 - Clara town.prj
| | | | Expansion line - Clara Town.shx
| | | | Expansion line 2 - Doe Community.shp
| | | | Valves - Doe community.dbf
| | | | Buffer zone DC and CT.dbf

| | | | Buffer zone DC and CT.prj
| | | | Buffer zone expansion line CT.shp
| | | | Buffer zone 3 Clara Town.dbf
| | | | Buffer zone expansion line CT.dbf
| | | | Expansion line - Clara Town.shp
| | | | Buffer zone expansion network CT.dbf
| | | | Existing network - Doe community.dbf
| | | | Valves - Doe community.prj
| | | | Buffer zone 3 Clara Town.qpj
| | | | Existing network - Clara Town.qpj
| | | | Existing network - Clara Town.shp
| | | | Buffer zone 3 Clara Town.prj
| | | | Buffer zone Expansion line DC.prj
| | | | Buffer zone DC and CT.shp
| | | | Valves - Clara Town.dbf
| | | | Existing network - Doe community.prj
| | | | Valves - Doe community.qpj
| | | | Buffer zone expansion network CT.prj
| | | | Valves - Clara Town.shp
| | | | Expansion line - Clara Town.prj
| | | | Expansion line - Clara Town.dbf
||||
| | | +---New Kru Town
| | | | | New Kru Town_georef2.tif
|||||
| | | | \---Shapefiles
| | | | Expansion lines - New Kru Town.shp
| | | | Buffer zone 2 expansion line - NKT.dbf
| | | | Valves - New Kru Town.shx
| | | | Buffer zone - expansion line NKT.prj
| | | | Existing network - New Kru Town.shp
| | | | Existing network - New Kru Town.shx
| | | | NKT BUFFER ZONE.dbf
| | | | Valves - New Kru Town.dbf
| | | | Existing network - New Kru Town.prj
| | | | Buffer zone - expansion line NKT.shx
| | | | Existing network - New Kru Town.qpj
| | | | Buffer zone - expansion line NKT.shp
| | | | Expansion lines - New Kru Town.dbf
| | | | Buffer zone - expansion line NKT.qpj
| | | | Buffer zone 2 expansion line - NKT.shx
| | | | Valves - New Kru Town.prj
| | | | NKT BUFFER ZONE.shx
| | | | Expansion lines - New Kru Town.prj
| | | | Buffer zone 2 expansion line - NKT.qpj
| | | | Buffer zone - expansion line NKT.dbf
| | | | Existing network - New Kru Town.dbf
| | | | Valves - New Kru Town.qpj
| | | | Buffer zone 2 expansion line - NKT.prj
| | | | Buffer zone 2 expansion line - NKT.shp
| | | | NKT BUFFER ZONE.shp
| | | | Expansion lines - New Kru Town.qpj
| | | | NKT BUFFER ZONE.prj

| | | | Expansion lines - New Kru Town.shx
| | | | NKT BUFFER ZONE.qpj
| | | | Valves - New Kru Town.shp
||||
| | | \---Duport Road
| | | | Duport Road_georef.tif
||||
| | | \---Shapefiles
| | | Buffer zone Expansion line DR.shp
| | | Expansion Duport Road.shp
| | | Valves - Duport Road.qpj
| | | Valves - Duport Road.shx
| | | Existing network 2 - Duport Road.prj
| | | Expansion Duport Road.prj
| | | Existing network 2 - Duport Road.qpj
| | | BUFFER ZONE DR.prj
| | | Valves - Duport Road.prj
| | | Valves - Duport Road.dbf
| | | Buffer zone Expansion line DR.qpj
| | | Expansion Duport Road.qpj
| | | Valves - Duport Road.shp
| | | Expansion Duport Road.dbf
| | | BUFFER ZONE DR.dbf
| | | Existing network 2 - Duport Road.dbf
| | | Buffer zone Expansion line DR.shx
| | | Existing network 2 - Duport Road.shp
| | | Expansion Duport Road.shx
| | | BUFFER ZONE DR.qpj
| | | BUFFER ZONE DR.shx
| | | Existing network 2 - Duport Road.shx
| | | Buffer zone Expansion line DR.prj
| | | Buffer zone Expansion line DR.dbf
| | | BUFFER ZONE DR.shp
|||
| | +---Montserrado map
| | | LWSC MONTSERRADO MAP.dwg
|||
| | +---New Network New Georgia
| | | | Plan epanet_georef.tif
| | | | ng SATELLITE2_georef.tif
| | | | Image NG_georef.tif
||||
| | | \---Shapefile
| | | New line New Georgia.qpj
| | | Water tower - New Georgia.shx
| | | New Georgia Network.dbf
| | | Water tower - New Georgia.dbf
| | | Water tower - New Georgia.prj
| | | New Georgia Network.shp
| | | New Georgia Network.shx
| | | New line New Georgia.dbf
| | | New line New Georgia.prj
| | | Water tower - New Georgia.qpj

| | | New line New Georgia.shx
| | | New line New Georgia.shp
| | | New Georgia Network.qpj
| | | Water tower - New Georgia.shp
| | | New Georgia Network.prj
|||
| | +---FINAL DRGS-DISTRIBUTION
| | | | Details of pipework-Duport Road.dwg
| | | | Details of pipework-GSA Road.dwg
| | | | Details of pipework-Front St.dwg
| | | | Details of pipework-New Georgia.dwg
| | | | Details of pipework-Jallah Town Road.dwg
| | | | SCHEMATIC DIA. - MWS.dwg
| | | | General Layout - Modified for Tender-1.dwg
| | | | Details of pipework-Benson to Ducor.dwg
| | | | Details of Pipework - Water Str- Ashmun Junction.dwg
| | | | Details of paynesville lines.dwg
| | | | plot.log
| | | | Drawing covers - MWS.dwg
| | | | Details of pipework-Johnson Road.dwg
| | | | Details of pipework-Logan Town.dwg
| | | | Details of Pipework - Ashmun Str.dwg
| | | | Details of Lakpazee Main line.dwg
| | | | Details of pipework-Main AC Replacement.dwg
| | | | General Layout - Modified for Tender-1.bak
| | | | Details of pipework-New Kru Town.dwg
||||
| | | \---Standard Drawings
| | | THRUST-BLK.dwg
| | | COMMUNAL STANDPIPE-final.dwg
| | | Typical Valve Chambers.dwg
| | | plot.log
| | | PIPE MARKERS DETAILS.dwg
| | | Public Standpipes T1&T2.bak
| | | PIPE LAYING INSTR.dwg
| | | Typical House Connection.dwg
| | | Public Standpipes T1&T2.dwg
| | | Typical PIPE CROSSING.dwg
|||
| | +---Colan drawings - 2009
| | | | General Layout - Modified for Tender-1.dwg
| | | | General Layout - Modified for Tender-1.bak
||||
| | | \---detailed drawings
| | | Details of pipework-Duport Road.dwg
| | | Details of pipework-GSA Road.dwg
| | | Details of pipework-Front St.dwg
| | | Details of pipework-New Georgia.dwg
| | | Details of pipework-Jallah Town Road.dwg
| | | Details of Pipework - Water Str- Ashmun Junction.bak
| | | LISGIS census 2008 results.txt
| | | Details of pipework-Benson to Ducor.dwg
| | | Details of Pipework - Water Str- Ashmun Junction.dwg

| | | Details of paynesville lines.dwg
| | | Details of pipework-Johnson Road.dwg
| | | Details of pipework-Logan Town.dwg
| | | Details of Pipework - Ashmun Str.dwg
| | | Details of pipework-Main AC Replacement.dwg
| | | Details of pipework-New Kru Town.dwg
| | | Details of pipework-New Kru Town.bak
|||
| | +---WS improvement ABH 1978
| | | IMG_4484.JPG
| | | IMG_4461.JPG
| | | IMG_4487.JPG
| | | IMG_4494.JPG
| | | IMG_4470.JPG
| | | IMG_4496.JPG
| | | IMG_4472.JPG
| | | IMG_4488.JPG
| | | IMG_4462.JPG
| | | IMG_4466.JPG
| | | IMG_4460.JPG
| | | IMG_4498.JPG
| | | IMG_4492.JPG
| | | IMG_4489.JPG
| | | IMG_4493.JPG
| | | IMG_4483.JPG
| | | IMG_4479.JPG
| | | IMG_4465.JPG
| | | IMG_4464.JPG
| | | IMG_4467.JPG
| | | IMG_4463.JPG
| | | IMG_4491.JPG
| | | IMG_4490.JPG
| | | IMG_4458.JPG
| | | IMG_4474.JPG
| | | IMG_4471.JPG
| | | IMG_4486.JPG
| | | IMG_4497.JPG
| | | IMG_4476.JPG
| | | IMG_4468.JPG
| | | IMG_4473.JPG
| | | IMG_4482.JPG
| | | IMG_4499.JPG
| | | IMG_4485.JPG
| | | IMG_4475.JPG
| | | IMG_4495.JPG
| | | IMG_4480.JPG
| | | IMG_4478.JPG
| | | IMG_4481.JPG
| | | IMG_4454.JPG
| | | IMG_4469.JPG
| | | IMG_4455.JPG
| | | IMG_4477.JPG
| | | IMG_4459.JPG
| | | IMG_4456.JPG
| | | IMG_4457.JPG
|||
| | +---O&M Arrangement
| | | O&M Arrangement for Satellite System.doc
| | | O&M_Minutes of Meeting.doc
| | | O&M Arrangement for Hand Pump.doc
|||
| | +---Transmission main drawings AHB 1966
| | | Existing 36-inch transmission.zip
| | | IMG_4240.JPG
| | | IMG_4230.JPG
| | | IMG_4251.JPG
| | | IMG_4209.JPG
| | | IMG_4248.JPG
| | | IMG_4195.JPG
| | | IMG_4182.JPG
| | | IMG_4243.JPG
| | | IMG_4203.JPG
| | | IMG_4222.JPG
| | | IMG_4189.JPG
| | | IMG_4206.JPG
| | | IMG_4200.JPG
| | | IMG_4202.JPG
| | | IMG_4183.JPG
| | | IMG_4204.JPG
| | | IMG_4220.JPG
| | | IMG_4207.JPG
| | | IMG_4180.JPG
| | | IMG_4192.JPG
| | | IMG_4239.JPG
| | | IMG_4213.JPG
| | | IMG_4186.JPG
| | | IMG_4210.JPG
| | | IMG_4236.JPG
| | | IMG_4238.JPG
| | | IMG_4223.JPG
| | | IMG_4217.JPG
| | | IMG_4184.JPG
| | | IMG_4237.JPG
| | | IMG_4245.JPG
| | | IMG_4208.JPG
| | | IMG_4226.JPG
| | | IMG_4179.JPG
| | | IMG_4216.JPG
| | | IMG_4228.JPG
| | | IMG_4229.JPG
| | | IMG_4214.JPG
| | | IMG_4224.JPG
| | | IMG_4250.JPG
| | | IMG_4227.JPG
| | | IMG_4198.JPG
| | | IMG_4211.JPG
| | | IMG_4187.JPG
| | | IMG_4219.JPG
| | | IMG_4221.JPG
| | | IMG_4201.JPG
| | | IMG_4235.JPG
| | | IMG_4215.JPG
| | | IMG_4196.JPG
| | | IMG_4197.JPG
| | | IMG_4244.JPG
| | | IMG_4191.JPG
| | | IMG_4218.JPG
| | | IMG_4188.JPG
| | | IMG_4199.JPG
| | | IMG_4205.JPG
| | | IMG_4249.JPG
| | | IMG_4212.JPG
| | | IMG_4193.JPG
| | | IMG_4225.JPG
| | | IMG_4242.JPG
| | | IMG_4234.JPG
| | | IMG_4190.JPG
| | | 36 inch Transmission water main.zip
| | | IMG_4185.JPG
| | | IMG_4247.JPG
| | | IMG_4231.JPG
| | | IMG_4181.JPG
| | | IMG_4232.JPG
| | | IMG_4194.JPG
| | | IMG_4233.JPG
| | | IMG_4246.JPG
|||
| | +---Location plan ABH 1966
| | | IMG_4290.JPG
| | | IMG_4289.JPG
| | | IMG_4274.JPG
| | | IMG_4254-1.jpg
| | | IMG_4292.JPG
| | | IMG_4269.JPG
| | | IMG_4261.JPG
| | | IMG_4296.JPG
| | | IMG_4260.JPG
| | | IMG_4263.JPG
| | | IMG_4279.JPG
| | | IMG_4294.JPG
| | | IMG_4278.JPG
| | | IMG_4298.JPG
| | | IMG_4291.JPG
| | | IMG_4284.JPG
| | | IMG_4287.JPG
| | | IMG_4255.JPG
| | | IMG_4286.JPG
| | | IMG_4283.JPG
| | | IMG_4258.JPG
| | | IMG_4285.JPG
| | | IMG_4271.JPG
| | | IMG_4266.JPG
| | | IMG_4276.JPG
| | | IMG_4282.JPG
| | | IMG_4297.JPG
| | | IMG_4259.JPG
| | | IMG_4281.JPG
| | | IMG_4272.JPG
| | | IMG_4270.JPG
| | | IMG_4253.JPG
| | | IMG_4262.JPG
| | | IMG_4273.JPG
| | | IMG_4288.JPG
| | | IMG_4253_1.jpg
| | | IMG_4254.JPG
| | | IMG_4295.JPG
| | | IMG_4268.JPG
| | | IMG_4275.JPG
| | | IMG_4280.JPG
| | | IMG_4265.JPG
| | | IMG_4257.JPG
| | | IMG_4256.JPG
| | | IMG_4277.JPG
| | | IMG_4293.JPG
| | | IMG_4264.JPG
| | | IMG_4267.JPG
|||
| | +---Drawings 1974 & 1978
| | | IMG_4484.JPG
| | | IMG_4461.JPG
| | | IMG_4487.JPG
| | | IMG_4494.JPG
| | | IMG_4470.JPG
| | | IMG_4496.JPG
| | | IMG_4472.JPG
| | | IMG_4488.JPG
| | | IMG_4462.JPG
| | | IMG_4466.JPG
| | | IMG_4460.JPG
| | | IMG_4498.JPG
| | | IMG_4492.JPG
| | | IMG_4489.JPG
| | | IMG_4493.JPG
| | | IMG_4483.JPG
| | | IMG_4479.JPG
| | | IMG_4465.JPG
| | | IMG_4464.JPG
| | | IMG_4467.JPG
| | | IMG_4463.JPG
| | | IMG_4491.JPG
| | | IMG_4490.JPG
| | | IMG_4458.JPG
| | | IMG_4474.JPG
| | | IMG_4471.JPG
| | | IMG_4486.JPG
| | | IMG_4497.JPG
| | | IMG_4476.JPG
| | | IMG_4468.JPG
| | | IMG_4473.JPG
| | | IMG_4482.JPG
| | | IMG_4499.JPG
| | | IMG_4485.JPG
| | | IMG_4475.JPG
| | | IMG_4495.JPG
| | | IMG_4478.JPG
| | | IMG_4481.JPG
| | | IMG_4454.JPG
| | | IMG_4469.JPG
| | | IMG_4455.JPG
| | | IMG_4477.JPG
| | | IMG_4459.JPG
| | | IMG_4456.JPG
| | | IMG_4457.JPG
|||
| | \---AFDB-UWSSP
| | | FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT- WATER & SANITATION 31082009.pdf
| | | 3-REVISED WATER WORKS BOQ_ Blank_N003.xlsx
| | | 4-MAIN COVERS FOR WATER WORKS DWGS_N003.dwg
| | | Revised Priced BoQ N003.xlsx
| | | WATER WORKS BoQ_corrected_N003.xlsx
| | | 2-BD_W-N003_Final__20130913-ma.pdf
|||
| | +---6-Kakata DWG
| | | 3 - PUMP STATION 1 .dwg
| | | 6 - SITE DRAWINGS.dwg
| | | 5 - RESIDENCE.dwg
| | | 7 - KAKATA_EXISTING LAYOUT.dwg
| | | 1 - ADMIN BUILDING.dwg
| | | 4 - PUMP STATION 2.dwg
| | | 0 - KAKATA COVERS.dwg
| | | 2 - OPERATIONS.dwg
|||
| | +---7-Zwedru DWG
| | | 4 - ZWEDRU_EXISTING LAYOUT.dwg
| | | 1 - ADMIN.dwg
| | | 3 - SITE DRAWINGS.dwg
| | | 2 - OPERATIONS - GEN.dwg
| | | 0 - ZWEDRU COVERS.dwg
|||
| | +---8-DWG -STANDARD DWGS_BIDDING_N003
| | | 16-Pressure Vessel.dwg
| | | 1-2-4-7-8-14-Standard dwgs - others.dwg
| | | 3-10-VALVE CHAMBERS ALL_PIPE MARKERS.dwg
| | | 6-VALVE CHAMBER REINFORCEMENT.dwg
| | | 12-13-PUMP HOUSE BUILDING & FENCE.dwg

| | | 0-List of Standard Drawings LWSC.xls
| | | 11-BH HEAD ARRANGEMENTS.dwg
| | | 0 - COVER.dwg
| | | 9-15-Water Kiosk.dwg
|||
| | \---5-Buchanan DWG
| | 4 - RESIDENCE.dwg
| | 0 - BUCHANAN COVERS.dwg
| | 3 - OPERATIONS.dwg
| | 5 - SITE.dwg
| | 6 - Pipe GL tank.dwg
| | 2 - ADMIN BUILDING.dwg
| | 8 - BUCHANAN PROFILES_REVISED WORKS.dwg
| | 7 - BUCHANAN LAYOUT_REVISED WORKS.dwg
| | 1 - WARE HOUSE.dwg
||
| +---Reports on Monrovia
| | | Feasibility study Monrovia GCCOC 2013.pdf
| | | Monrovia Report - Water Quality Sampling - November 2011 - Copie.pdf
|||
| | +---EGIS study 2014
| | | Corrected _Egis Eau Water distribution strategy report 10.3.2014.pdf
|||
| | +---Colan - Completion report
| | | Completion Report - 1(General 1).pdf
| | | Completion Report (no pictures) to LWSC 1.docx
| | | Report cover - Distribution network.doc
|||
| | +---Master Plan
| | | MasterPlan-EIDJR09125 MAIN 03.pdf
| | | MasterPlan-EIDJR09125 SUMMARY.pdf
|||
| | +---Colan reports
| | | Supplementary Rehabilitation Works.docx
| | | Report cover.doc
| | | Completion Report - 1(General 1).pdf
| | | Summary of Proposed Wrks-with justification.doc
| | | Assessments of Distribution Network 2009.docx
| | | Final Detailed Design Report-1.doc
| | | Monrovia Piped Water Supply System 2009.docx
| | | Completion Report (no pictures) to LWSC 1.docx
| | | Report cover - Distribution network.doc
| | | Detailed Outlined of Works.docx
|||
| | +---Study IGIP
| | | Advert for Works.doc
| | | 11943_cover page RD-Vol.1.docx
| | | BoQ - tender.xlsx
| | | Bidding Documents_Final.docx
|||
| | +---Study IGIP Buchanan Kakata Zwedru
| | | | bidding doc buchanan kakata zwedru.pdf
||||
| | | +---vol3
| | | \---vol2
| | +---Colan_detailed design
| | | Report cover.doc
| | | Summary of Proposed Wrks-with justification.doc
| | | Final Detailed Design Report-1.doc
|||
| | +---Chinese Feasibility Study Report
| | | +---New Fiama Sewage Treatment Plant
| | | | 1.pdf
| | | | 3.pdf
| | | | 20130601.pdf
| | | | 3.pdf
| | | | Fiama--20130601-.pdf
| | | | 2.pdf
||||
| | | \---Expansion Project of WPTP and network
| | | -20130601.pdf
| | | 1.pdf
| | | --20130601.pdf
| | | 4.pdf
| | | .pdf
| | | 3.pdf
| | | 2.pdf
|||
| | +---GPOBA
| | | PIPE_LAYING_INSTR.jpg
| | | COMMUNAL_STANDPIPE-final-2.jpg
| | | reseau_liberia-couleur.jpg
| | | COMMUNAL_STANDPIPE-final-2.2.jpg
| | | volume of annex V3.pdf
| | | EIA final ECH.doc
| | | COMMUNAL_STANDPIPE-final-1.jpg
| | | Typical_House_Connection.jpg
| | | Ground water option as water source for the OBA project final.pdf
| | | Final_Report V4.pdf
| | | operation manual V2.pdf
| | | Final Final_Report submitted.pdf
|||
| | +---Liberia Sector Strategic Plan
| | | Liberia WASH Sector Operating Matrix 2012 - 2017 FINAL.pdf
| | | Liberia WASH Sector Investment Costing 2012 - 2017 FINAL.xlsx
| | | Liberia WASH Sector Action Plan 2012 - 2017 FINAL.pdf
| | | Liberia WASH Sector Strategic Plan 2012 - 2017 FINAL.pdf
|||
| | +---Monrovia WPTP project
| | | White_Plains_Review DD & Tend Doc. Vol1 - 17.05.2014.doc
|||
| | \---Pilot project in Paynesville

| | Final Clean Database and Analysis - Paynesville General Survey.xlsx
| | LWSC Project summary report.docx
| | LWSC Connections Pilot Report.pdf
| | Price List (in US Dollar).xlsx
| | Measuring Survey - full.xlsx
||
| \---Reports on secondaries towns
| | FEASIBILITY STUDY Monrovia kakata buchanan zwedru.pdf
| | SEPT FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT- WATER & SANITATIOn Akiode & Demola.pdf
| | AWF-Project-appraisal-report-LIBERIA-STUDY.pdf
| | gbarnga REHABILITATION PROPOSAL.doc
||
| +---greenville Teil 1-3
| | Teil_2.PDF
| | Teil_3.PDF
| | Teil_1.PDF
||
| +---Greenville - study GfW
| | ERP_Ch06f.pdf
| | ERP_Ch04f.pdf
| | ERP_APP_Af.pdf
| | ERP_Ch08f.pdf
| | ERP_ToC.pdf
| | ERP_ExeSumf.pdf
| | ERP_Ch03f.pdf
| | ERP_Ch07f.pdf
| | ERP_Ch05f.pdf
| | ERP_Ch01f.pdf
||
| \---underground water supply
| Exploratory Well drilling Phase 2docx.docx
| Gological Map Monrovia Buchanan.doc
| ITRSeminar-6-GroundwaterDevelopment.pdf
| VOLUME 2 -TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY REPORT (2).pdf
| Stratigraphy.pdf
| VOLUME 2 -TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY REPORT autre version.pdf
| Final Japan's Grant _Water supply__20090720.pdf
| estimated cost of well field.xlsx
|
+---NIS altitude valve
| | Details of Ducor Reservoir Stand pipe .jpg
| | IMG_4478.jpg
| | Reservoir Standpipe(1).jpg
| | Reservoir Standpipe.jpg
| | IMG_4478(1).jpg
||
| \---Edited drawings
| Central Monrovia key map.jpg
| IMG_4454.jpg
|
+---5. GIS Software
| GoogleEarthProWin.exe
| QGIS-OSGeo4W-2.8.2-1-Setup-x86_32bits.exe
| QGIS-OSGeo4W-2.8.2-1-Setup-x86_64bits.exe
| googleearthinstall.log
| BaseCamp_447.exe
|
+---0-paynesville reservoir-hydroconseil
| Complementary note - Booster station Paynesville - V1.pdf
| Appendix 1.1_Preliminary Design Report.pdf
| Complementary note - Booster station Paynesville - V1.3.docx
| Appendix 1.2_Attached files of the Preliminary Design Report.pdf
|
+---3. PDF maps
| Customers-zone-2.pdf
| Customers-zone-1.pdf
| Water supply network.pdf
| Customers-zone-3-4-5-6.pdf
| Health and Educational Institutions.pdf
| Customers all 10 March 2015.pdf
| Customers-zone-7-8-9-10-11-12.pdf
|
\---2. NIS layers
| GIS_Monrovia.qgs~
| GIS_Monrovia.qgs
|
+---Satelite Layer
| MONR_D2
| MONR_B5
| MONR_C1
| MONR_A2
| MONR_A12.tif
| MONR_D8
| MONR_A8
| MONR_B6
| MONR_C2
| MONR_B8
| MONR_D5
| MONR_D7
| MONR_09
| MONR_D6
| MONR_A6
| MONR_A3
| MONR_A1
| MONR_A7
| MONR_C5
| MONR_B4
| MONR_0-GENERAL MAP.tif
| MONR_A4
| MONR_C3
| MONR_B7
| MONR_B1
| MONR_C6
| MONR_D1
| MONR_D9
| MONR_D4
| MONR_B2
| MONR_C4
| MONR_C8
| MONR_A13.tif
| MONR_D3
| MONR_B3
| MONR_C7
|
+---Water Supply Network
| commercial zones lwsc.qpj
| NIS_equipment.shx
| Water_Supply_Network.prj
| commercial zones lwsc.shp
| Water_Supply_Network.qpj
| enumerated_customers_10march15.shx
| Water_Supply_Network.shp
| Water_Supply_Network.dbf
| NIS_equipment.prj
| NIS_equipment.dbf
| enumerated_customers_10march15.shp
| Water_Supply_Network.shx
| NIS_equipment.qpj
| commercial zones lwsc.prj
| enumerated_customers_10march15.prj
| enumerated_customers_10march15.qpj
| commercial zones lwsc.shx
| NIS_equipment.shp
| enumerated_customers_10march15.dbf
| commercial zones lwsc.dbf
|
+---General layers
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_1.sbx
| districts_2007.sbn
| LBR_water_areas_dcw.prj
| Liberia_50k_G744.prj
| centre_sant‚_online_3.shp
| roads.prj
| Liberia_50k_G744.dbf
| Liberia_Educational_InstitutionsCopy.prj
| roads.dbf
| LBR_adm2.prj
| LBR_water_lines_dcw.prj
| LBR_adm0.sbn
| LBR_water_lines_dcw.shx
| intervention_point.dbf
| roads.shx
| Liberia_Educational_Institutions.shx
| Liberia_Educational_InstitutionsCopy.shx
| Liberia_Hydrology.sbx
| LBR_adm1.sbn
| Liberia Electricity Transmission Network.shp
| LBR_adm3.shx
| centre_sant‚_online_3.shp.xml
| LBR_adm2.shp
| Liberia Electricity Transmission Network.prj
| Liberia_50k_G744.sbn
| LBR_adm1.sbx
| Liberia_Educational_InstitutionsCopy.sbx
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_2.dbf
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_2.sbx
| county_2007.shp.xml
| Intervention_line.shx
| LBR_adm2.sbn
| Liberia_Educational_InstitutionsCopy.shp.xml
| Intervention_line.qpj
| cities_towns.sbn
| LBR_adm1.shp
| centre_sant‚_online_3.shx
| cities_towns.shp
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_2.sbn
| LBR_adm1.prj
| centre_sant‚_online_3.prj
| LBR_adm3.sbx
| Liberia_Hydrology_Polygons.sbx
| GIS Monrovia.qgs~
| clan_2007.sbn
| districts_2007.prj
| intervention_point.prj
| county_2007.shx
| LBR_adm2.shx
| districts_2007.shp.xml
| health_facilities.shx
| health_facilities.dbf
| LBR_adm0.prj
| Liberia_Hydrology_Polygons.shp
| Liberia_Hydrology_Polygons.prj
| centre_sant‚_online_3.dbf
| LBR_adm2.dbf
| intervention_point.shp
| Liberia_Hydrology.sbn
| LBR_adm2.sbx
| LBR_adm3.csv
| cities_towns.dbf
| GIS Monrovia.qgs
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_1.prj
| LBR_roads.sbn
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_1.cpg
| LBR_water_areas_dcw.shp
| Liberia_Educational_Institutions.CPG
| centre_sant‚_online_3.CPG
| roads.sbn
| Liberia Electricity Transmission Network.shp.xml
| LBR_readme.txt
| cities_towns.shp.xml
| districts_2007.dbf
| clan_2007.shp.xml
| Liberia Electricity Transmission Network.sbn
| Liberia_Educational_Institutions.dbf
| LBR_adm1.shx
| cities_towns.prj
| Liberia Electricity Transmission Network.shx
| roads.shp
| Liberia_50k_G744.shp
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_2.shp
| county_2007.shp
| Intervention_line.dbf
| districts_2007.sbx
| districts_2007.shx
| LBR_adm3.shp
| Liberia_Educational_InstitutionsCopy.sbn
| LBR_adm0.shx
| Liberia_Hydrology.shp.xml
| districts_2007.shp
| Liberia_Educational_Institutions.sbn
| clan_2007.dbf
| intervention_point.shx
| cities_towns.sbx
| clan_2007.shp
| Liberia_Educational_Institutions.shp.xml
| LBR_water_areas_dcw.dbf
| health_facilities.sbx
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_1.sbn
| Liberia_50k_G744.sbx
| centre_sant‚_online_3.sbx
| Liberia_50k_G744.cpg
| LBR_adm1.dbf
| Liberia Electricity Transmission Network.dbf
| Intervention_line.shp
| LBR_water_lines_dcw.shp
| Liberia_Hydrology_Polygons.sbn
| cities_towns.shx
| LBR_water_lines_dcw.dbf
| LBR_roads.sbx
| intervention_point.qpj
| county_2007.sbx
| roads.sbx
| LBR_roads.shp
| Liberia Electricity Transmission Network.sbx
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_2.cpg
| Liberia_Hydrology_Polygons.cpg
| clan_2007.shx
| LBR_roads.dbf
| clan_2007.prj
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_1.shp
| LBR_adm2.csv
| health_facilities.sbn
| LBR_adm0.sbx
| LBR_water_areas_dcw.shx
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_2.prj
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_1.dbf
| LBR_adm3.dbf
| LBR_adm0.csv
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_2.shx
| Liberia_Hydrology.shp
| county_2007.dbf
| Liberia_Educational_Institutions.shp
| clan_2007.sbx
| health_facilities.shp
| health_facilities.prj
| Liberia_Educational_Institutions.sbx
| Liberia_Hydrology.shx
| Liberia_Hydrology.CPG
| Liberia_Hydrology_Polygons.dbf
| Intervention_line.prj
| Liberia_Administrative_Border_1.shx
| Liberia_Educational_InstitutionsCopy.CPG
| county_2007.sbn
| Liberia_Hydrology.dbf
| Liberia_Educational_Institutions.prj
| LBR_adm0.dbf
| Liberia_Educational_InstitutionsCopy.dbf
| LBR_roads.prj
| Liberia_Hydrology.prj
| LBR_adm3.prj
| LBR_adm0.shp
| Liberia_50k_G744.shx
| county_2007.prj
| LBR_adm1.csv
| LBR_adm3.sbn
| centre_sant‚_online_3.sbn
| LBR_roads.shx
| Liberia_Hydrology_Polygons.shx
|
\---Enumeration customers
Enumeration 10 March 2015-masterfiles.xlsx
LWSC Enumeration (by region) - 10th March 2015.xlsx
Enumeration 10 March 2015-masterfiles.txt
ANNEX 2: GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION – SPECIFICATIONS

General
A first “visual geological” survey will be carried out in order to identify on the stranding ground
existing borrow pits, little water crossing, type of terrain, lateritic, sandy, humid and floodable areas
and swamps. For eventually presence of borrow pits, the distance from the pipe line will be indicate.
General features of the geology of the area along a strip 500 mt wide centered on the 36” pipeline
axis, based also on previous studies, data from Technical Universities, National or International
Agencies, Ministries or Public Entities, shall include:
 Geological map;
 Geomorphological map;
 Hydrogeological map
Drillings
During the on-site investigation the followings drillings shall be performed:
13 exploratory borings located into the depression of the alignment – LOWER POINTS
Taking in consideration that the depth of the foundation of the pipeline will be up to 3 mt, the drilling
will be done up to 6‐7 meters, according to the quality of crossed layers. The goal of the investigation
is to detect the thickness of the soft layers – alluvium made of clay or silt – and their mechanical
properties. Drilling will stop after 0.5 meter drilling into rock or hard layer. If no rock layer is reached
out, the drilling will stop when the local site relative density of the soil is at least 70%. Standard
penetration tests and split spoon or open end drive sampling shall be conduct in the borings at 0,6m,
1,5m, and at 1,5m foot below the estimated foundation depth of the pipe line with estimated intervals
thereafter. On cohesive layer the Pocket Penetrometer or Vane Test shall be performed every cored
sample. Measure of the water table after reaching the steady state will be also provided.
Sampling and laboratory testing shall be performed
Sampling with Shelby or Denison samplers‐ In situ moisture and density testing shall be conducted
within the borings utilizing an open ring sampler at depths of 1,5m and 2,0m below 3 meters from the
ground level.
Subsurface soils where visually shall be logged and classified. Sampling and laboratory testing shall
be performed to confirm visual classification.
DRILLING LOCATION - LOWER STA - ACCORDING TO THE 1966

POINTS DESIGN PROFILE
1 35
2 70
3 115
4 150
5 200
6 235
7 272
8 320
9 370
10 397
11 505
12 542
13 624
At the end of the drilling an in situ permeability test will be performed, preferably of Lefranc type, at
variable hydraulic head, as the most layer is deemed to be loose soil. If the test is made only on rock
layer, the Lugeon Test will be carried out at constant hydraulic head.
Pit testing
In order to detect the type of material that will be excavated to place the new pipeline, pit excavation
will be performed with excavator with a width of 3 mt and depth of 3.5 mt.
The cross stratigraphy shall be accurately described and rock samples, if matched, will be taken for a
total of 6, to be submitted to Laboratory Testing, only for the measurement of the unconfined uniaxial
compressive strength. If within the 3.5 mt only soil layer has been excavated, a Plate Load Test – PLT
– shall be performed according to the relevant ASTM specification: 300 mm dia plate, pressure up to
0.25 MPa.
PITS LOCATION - STA - ACCORDING TO THE 1966 NEW STA

HIGHER POINTS DESIGN PROFILE
1 40
2 124
3 156
4 230
5 232
6 332
7 416
8 557
9 639.3 0.5
10 187
Location of the site tests

The tests location ere located on the west side of the Pipeline Road, preferably out of the platform, as
the present 36” pipeline is located on the east side.
Laboratory testing
Selected samples shall be tested in the laboratory to determine engineering properties of the soils.
Moisture contents and dry densities shall be determined to evaluate the various soil deposits with
depth.
The results of these tests shall be shown on the boring logs.
Sieve analysis and Atterberg limits tests shall be performed to aid in soil classification.
The results of these tests shall be presented in the Summary of Laboratory Results and on the
individual test reports shall be presented in a section of geotechnical report.
Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
In this investigation the SPT shall be carried out in regular intervals in the overburden, at each of the
borehole. The performance of this test is based on the test method specified in BS 1377. Disturbed
samples of soil shall be collected from SPT tube. Field Permeability Test
Field permeability tests shall be carried out in the Boreholes.
The method used shall be Variable Head Method (Falling Head Method) as specified in Section 4:
25.4 of BS: 5930:1999.
Laboratory Investigation
Laboratory investigations shall be taken place in order to the sub surface assessment in geotechnical
investigation. In connection with the entire laboratory testing the performance shall be made as per
BS 1377 part 4: unless otherwise stated.
Geotechnical report
Introduction
The design of the construction of the 36” pipe/waterline for the supply of water from White Plains to
ELWA has been awarded to SARI Consulting Ltd. in association with BK Enterprise Inc.; the local
Liberian consultant. The contract generally requires the preparing and submission of detailed
engineering design for the construction of 25km 36-inch waterline. In view of the aforementioned, the
geotechnical investigation is to be carried out by the local consultant to inform the design process.
Objectives
Generally, the geotechnical investigation is to inform the detailed design of the 36-inch diameter
waterline.
Specifically, the objectives of the investigation are:
i. Determine the basic soil characteristics within the Laboratory of the materials collected from ten
(10) test pits located at hilly sections along the site area
ii. Conduct drilling at thirteen (13) selection ss locations at depressions along the site area
iii. Determine the SPT values (0.6, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.5m) at each of the thirteen selected locations as
required in section 2 of the Geological and Geotechnical Specifications
iv. Process test results of both field and laboratory works
Scope of Work
The site covers a 25km route leading from the White Plains to Monrovia and its environs
Methodology
Tables 2.1 and 2.2 contains the tests and corresponding tests references of field and lab tests
respectively.
Table 2.1: List of Laboratory Tests and Methods
No. List of Tests Test Method
Employed
1 Sieve Analysis AASHTO T-27
2 Atterberg Limits (LL, AASHTO T-89 & T-90
PL, PI)
3 Moisture-Density AASHTO T-180
Relationship
4 Direct Shear tests
Table 2.2: List of Field Tests and Methods
No. List of Tests Test Method
Employed
1 Standard Cone BS 1377
Penetrometer Tests
2 Permeability Tests BS: 5930:1999.
Results and Discussion

Field tests
below in Table 3.1 is the summary results of field tests.
Laboratory Test
below in Table 3.2 is the summary report of the laboratory works.
Conclusion
The geotechnical investigation for the construction of 36” waterline has been concluded and the
summary of
works are listed below:
• Thirteen (13) boreholes were drilled
• In each of the thirteen (13) boreholes, SPTs were taken at 0.6m, 1.5m, 2.0m, 3.0m and 5.5m
• Ten (10) test pits were excavated and samples were collected for laboratory tests (moisture content,
unit weight, grain size distribution, atterberg limits)
• Field and Laboratory Test Results were summarized and analyzed
ANNEX 3: TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY REPORT

BKBK ENTERPRISE CONSTRUCTION AND CONSULTANCY COMPANY
Prepared By
Seidu Tanko M. Rufai
Figure 83
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
BK Enterprise, Inc. herein referred to as the Local Consultant for the Consulting Services for the Detailed
Feasibility Study Report, Detailed Design Report, Environmental/Social Safeguards, Studies and Tender
Documents for the Replacement of the 36-Inch Main Transmission Which Transports Treated Water from
White Plains Treatment Plant to Monrovia - Liberia therefore required that a detail cross sections
topographic and mapping survey be carried along the entire 25km length existing 36” pipe line from the
water treatment plant in white plains to the point where 36” pipe changes to 24” in Cong town. This is to
provide the designer with sufficiently accurate information both general and specifics about the profile of
the existing pipe line and the nature of the actual ground levels within 20m corridor along the line using
the center of the existing pipe as reference, on the basis of which a safe and economic alignment can be
designed as per the project specification in accordance to ASSHTO approved hydraulics standards.
Generally, the topography of the route line is fairly flat but appears undulating at some few sections from
STA 25+065 to STA13 at Johnsonville with patches of swampy lands.
The general alignment of the existing line is fairly gentle with few horizontal and vertical curves. In
addition to the topographic & mapping, the survey established permanent bench marks (reference primary
& secondary controls) at safe and inter visible locations along the project corridor. These bench marks
were defined in three-dimensional axis X, Y, Z in the UTM_WGS84-29N reference coordinates system.
A total of 22 bench marks were established for the project.
Residential and commercial buildings, drainage structures, stream crossings, utilities such as water &
sewage lines, communications & electric poles as well as all major and minor junctions were all mapped
& detailed.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Executive summary
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Project objectives
1.2.1 Scope
2.0 Survey methodology
2.1 Reconnaissance survey
2.2 Field work
2.3 Building of bench marks
2.3.1 Coordinates system
2.3.2 Static Survey
2.3.3 Leveling
2.3.4 Traversing ( RTK)
4.0 Topographic survey
4.1 Cross section survey & detailing
5.0 Discussion of survey
5.1 Site location and accessibility
5.1.2 Vegetation & climate
5.1.3 General topography of the area
6.0 Conclusion & recommendations
Appendix A List of tables
Appendix B List of figures
Fig. 1 Google map showing the location of the bench marks
Fig. 2 Topographical map of the project area
Background:
This report presents the results of the alignment as well as the plan & profile of the existing pipe line
based on the bench marks established at the various locations for the surveys. The primary controls were
established at an interval of 5km and two inter visible secondary controls were established at an interval
of 500m.
An interval of 25m detailed cross sections topographic and mapping surveys was carried out at the width
of 20m and 50m corridors within the rural and urban section of the project respectively with the center of
the existing pipe line used as reference center of the corridors.
Project Objectives: The objectives of the survey were to provide the following information to the
designer;
1. Determine the plan & profile of the existing pipe line
2. Determine the actual ground levels & conditions beyond the edges of the existing pipe line not less
than 10m in the rural areas and 20m in the urban areas on both sides from the center of the
existing pipe respectively.
3. The location of all the existing structures and utility lines within the 20m and 40m corridors
respectively
4. The details of the existing drainage structures
5. Details of the outlets of the distribution pipe
Scope : A total of 16 Global Positioning System (GPS) UTM_WGS84-29N referenced coordinates
system bench marks were established. These bench marks were established inter visibly in pairs at an
intervals of 5km for the primary controls and 2km for the secondary controls respectively within the
project limits. They were strategically positioned to ensure proper connectivity in order to provide a well-
adjusted network (X , Y, Z). They are also positioned in such a way that they will not be affected by the
construction activities of the contractor or the civilian populace. The ‘X & Y’ coordinates are referenced
to the Latitude and Longitudes whilst the elevation ‘Z’ is referenced to the mean sea level
An open loop leveling and a close loop traverse was then run on the bench marks to adjust the elevations
errors and angular miss closure respectively.
A Real Time Kinematic (RTK) was then deployed to collect the topographic survey data at a cross section
of 25m interval along the 20m and 40m corridors of the 25km long existing pipe line from the water
treatment plant to Congo town. Details such as the existing buildings, drainage structures, electric &
telecommunication lines, water & sewage lines, streams and swampy grounds were all mapped.
Survey methodology:
Reconnaissance survey was carried out in September last year 2021 alongside the team from SARI
Consulting LTD (Lead Consultant)/BK Enterprise, Inc. (Local Consultant) and the client – the Liberia
Water & Sewer Corporation (LWSC) as a way of introducing the survey team to the site and to determine
the conditions of the site and also to find out of the availability of any reference bench marks existing on
the ground . The survey team then went back to site following the joint site visit to select the most
suitable locations for the establishment of the bench marks and to plan the field survey works.
The topography and the general layout of the site was studied to inform on the right equipment needed to
obtain a well-adjusted network of bench marks acceptable by the supervision design team.
From the reconnaissance survey it was find out that there were two UTM_WGS-84 29N existing
reference Control or Bench Marks B01 and B02 on the LWSC treatment plant site at white plains and the
Mt. Coffee Hydro Power Plant staff compound respectively and so there was an urgent need to initiate the
surveys from these two controls for the project.
Establishment of bench marks (Primary and Secondary Controls)

i . Site selections: In order to establish the primary and secondary control network, strategic locations
were carefully selected away from the active construction zones.
ii . Building of survey pillars: A well stable and permanent survey pillars were built at each of the
selected locations as shown in the figure below. The primary control points were placed in pairs as
specified on the ToR at distances not exceeding 5kms.The secondary control points were built inter-
visibly from each other at distance not exceeding 500m.
Both the Primary and Secondary Bench Marks were built with a permanent steel rod and cast in situ
cylindrical or prismatic shape concrete or alternatively a prefabricated 50cm x ø 25cm, and 40cm x ø20
respectively, with the steel rod protruding above the surface by a centimeter long. the dimensions of the
beacons were varied according to the type of soil encountered, to ensure their durability and stability, (see
figure):
25 cm
T.N.
40-50 cm
40-50cm
50 cm
40 cm 20-25 cm 20-25 cm
Figure 84
Static mode (continuous observations) GPS Survey
Primary control points (GNSS observations):

This is a first order survey which was carried out to establish a Horizontal & Vertical control network of
the primary beacons established within the project area. The survey was tired in to the National Geodetic
datum in UTM WGS84_29N coordinates System using the static mode of GPS observation. Since the
observation time and accuracy are mainly a function of baseline length, in our case (3-5 km) each of the
point was occupied over a period of 30-45 minutes observation time depending on the number of
satellites, the ionospheric conditions and the multi path disturbances. We did not however establish our
own since there were already existed two first order survey primary controls established at the WTP and
MCHPP premises and was agreed that we tie in our surveys to these controls.
Figure 85_B01 at the water treatment plant in white plains (WTP)
Figure 86 B02 at the Mt.Coffee Hydro Power Plant staff compound
TPS or RTK Secondary control points traverse line survey

Having been giving the final coordinates of the primary controls networks B01 & B02 , we then proceeded to
use them to establish and adjust the secondary controls networks. :
Using Real Time Kinematics - RTK(GPS) Survey to establish the Secondary Control
One of the already established primary control say (B01) was selected and used as a based station. A base
GPS receiver was set and leveled over it, at one second collection rate and at 13 degrees elevation mask, on a
fixed height tripod, and then input its coordinates previously established. A rover receiver supported with the
radio antennae, was then used to coordinate the secondary controls. Consequently, the rover receiver was set
at one (1) second collection rate and 15 degrees elevation mask on a secondary control point. The rover rod
was kept always at 2m fixed height and was set and bubbled on the point with the use of a bipod for stability
and verticality.
The radio link between the base station and the rover was constantly monitored.
Before starting the RTK surveys the system on the data collector was initialized in order to resolve the
integer ambiguity.
List of Primary and Secondary Controls established along the project area
Point No. Northing Easting Elevation Description REMARKS
1 717821.084 317242.100 25.744 BM02 Primary

2 715131.653 314786.573 6.849 BM02 Primary
3 713938.010 314505.287 20.004 BM03 Secondary
4 712434.984 314365.573 15.320 BM04 Secondary
5 712437.037 314399.714 17.347 BM05 Secondary
6 710454.467 314185.290 32.967 BM06 Secondary
7 708188.745 313967.084 29.328 BM07 Secondary
8 706616.209 313820.369 22.787 BM08 Secondary
9 704521.299 313627.644 21.482 BM09 Secondary
10 702523.669 313445.663 18.506 BM10 Secondary
11 700432.884 313257.143 4.326 BM11 Secondary
12 698389.498 313076.643 25.432 BM12 Secondary
13 696466.187 312906.016 6.68 BM13 Secondary
14 695826.477 312967.393 17.575 BM14 Secondary
15 693915.875 312778.099 13.758 BM15 Secondary
16 692746.878 311283.309 7.434 BM16 Secondary
Leveling Survey : Differential leveling is the process of measuring vertical distances from a known
elevation point to determine elevations of unknown points. A fly over levels was run for each of the open
loop using the base reference as the main reference point with an automatic leveling instrument. The leveling
process continues on each of the pillars built and observed whilst introducing temporal point along the
leveling route. The reduced levels were adjusted where necessary using the Bowditch rule of adjustment. The
figure below shows the route of the leveling from the base reference point A0
Figure 87
Topographic survey: The Real Time Kinematic (RTK) survey was deployed to carry out the topographic,
mapping and detail surveys using the Tremble Brand Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)
Receiver units (Base & rover) with a data logger. The base units was mounted, leveled and centered on a
tripod over the reference base station (with known X,Y,Z). It was then switched on and connected to the data
logger. The logger was then use to set up the Receiver at the base station with all the necessary parameter in
UTM_WGS84-29N coordinates system. The Rover unit was then switched on and similarly all the set ups
were made. We then connected the Rover with the Receiver unit on the base station through blue tooth
connection using the tracked satellites. The Rover was then used to observed on another known point to
ensure that there was excellent communication and proper orientation between the Receiver - Rover units
through a process called initialization. Once the rover was initialized (results of the test was within the
tolerance), we then proceeded with the topographic, mapping and detail cross sections survey. About five
major junctions were detailed up to 50m off the main pipe line.
The entire topographic, mapping and detail survey was done in two phases ;
Phase 1: The first phase of survey included the following;
1. Building of permanent secondary control survey pillars
2. Establishment of secondary controls and differential leveling
Phase 2: The second phase of the survey included the following,
1. Topographic (25m cross sections) surveys of the existing 36” pipe line
2. Detailing of the existing structures within the 20m corridor along the route of the existing pipeline
3. Drawing of the Plan & Profile of the existing pipe line
Figure 88 X’sections data collections
Discussion of results :
All the bench marks (primary and secondary controls) are accessible through the project corridor from the
Water Treatment Plant WTP & Mt. Coffee Hydro Power Plant MCHPP to Congo town . Specifically, the
primary controls can be located on the compound of LWSC treatment plant and the MCHPP staff
compound and the secondary controls are located at secure places around the communities in the urban
areas. Each of the bench marks has a unique inscription boldly written on top of the pillar for easy
identification. The figure below shows the locations of the bench marks on the google image.
Vegetation and Climate
The climatic conditions in Liberia allow the vegetation to develop into a tropical high forest, which most
probably covered the entire land area except a very narrow strip along the coast where mangrove
vegetation alternates with coastal Savannah.
Today, tropical high forest and old secondary forest cover only one-third of the country, while the
remaining 65% is composed of young secondary forest, intermediate forest and grass woodlands.
Although the general climatic conditions are nearly uniform throughout the country, rainfall and humidity
decrease toward the interior. Consequently, vegetation is banded into zones more-or-less parallel to the
coastline.
The project area falls within the Coastal Savannah of Liberia. These consist of low grasses with scattered
low trees. It also contains palm and coconut trees along with mangrove trees and Raphia palms (Wiles,
2005).
The climate of Liberia is marked by an even and fairly warm temperature throughout the year and above
all by the very high humidity, above 90% much of the time. Unlike the temperate zones, the seasons are
not determined by changing temperatures but by the prevailing precipitation.
Therefore, a rainy and a dry season with transitional periods can be differentiated. Rainfall is heavy and
intense. There is little year-to-year variability in the climate. The rainfall is heavier than on any other part
of the west coast of Africa. The annual rainfall near the coast is nearly 4550 mm (180 inches) but the
amount has exceeded this in some years. Generally, a fairly distinct dry season extends from about
November to April and a wet season the remainder of the year. The months of heaviest rainfall vary
somewhat in different parts of the country, but normally are June, July and September. The project area
falls within a tropical monsoon and is classified by Kӧppen and Geiger as Am. (Anon, 2017).
General topography of the area ;

The general topographic map of the project corridor is as shown in the digital terrine model generated
below with the Civil 3D software based on the ground levels topographic survey data collected.
Google image showing the location of the bench marks
Figure 89
ANNEX 4: MOBILIZATION
Project Staff
Management - Direction
 Eng. Fabio Nigrelli – Project Manager

 Eng. Luca Boccardi – Team Leader – Hydraulic Engineer
 Eng. Valter Maria Santoro – Chef Designer
Local Staff
 Eng. Abel Folokulah- Local Project Manager
 Eng. Seidu Tanko M. Rufai – Chief Surveyor
 Eng. Isaac N. Vaye – Geotechnical Engineer
 Mr. Andrew N.T. Sio Jr. – Environmental Expert
 Eng. Austin Kerkula – Support Engineer
Working Group
Here below name and email addresses for the Working Group.
PIU/LWSC
"N. Pawon Boayue" <npboayue@yahoo.com>,
“Walker R Richards” wrrmonrovia@gmail.com
"Riggs Logan" riggslogan225@gmail.com
"Ka-Rufus Morris" morris123karu@gmail.com
"Zohn Doebo" zdoebo1982@gmail.com
SARI
Goffredo De Pascale g.depascale@sariltd.com
BK Boakai Kollie bkenterpriselib@gmail.com
Fabio Nigrelli f.nigrelli@sariltd.com
Luca Boccardi l.boccardi@sariltd.com
Valter Santoro v.santoro@sariltd.com
IIU/MPW
Emmanuel K. Baker emmanuel.baker.sre@iiu-mpw.org
Geoff Arnold Geoff.Arnold@imcworldwide.com
Shaun Pearton Shaun.Pearton@imcworldwide.com
Augustine K. Maimie: augustine.kmaimie@yahoo.com
Site visit and meeting with LWSC

The first mission of the Consultant was held in Monrovia from 7 September to 13 September 2021.
The mission was attended by:

 Eng. Fabio Nigrelli – Project Manager;
 Eng. Luca Boccardi – Team Leader;
 Eng. Valter Santoro – Senior Geotechnical and Structural Engineer.
Stakeholders Consultations
For the leg between Red Light and ELWA junction LWSC expressed the urge to get the cross sections for
the lodgment of the new pipeline, namely for the span between Red Light Market and the sta where the
already built platform ends. Restricted timeline was recommended to the Consultant, in order to let the
Client start the bidding procedure before March 2022. The solution to be proposed will foresee a box
culvert located under the footery. For the trunk whose platform has been already built, the alignment of
the new pipeline shall step away the right – west – edge of the roadway in order not to interfere with the
Electric Sub Station of LEC and the close school complex.
ANNEX 5: PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATES OF THE WORK OF EACH SOLUTION
The evaluation for each solution is based on parametric unit cost and on similar projects in the area
ANNEX 5A_Solution B: simple replacing of the 36” existing pipe
SOLUTION B
NEW PIPELINE REPLACEMENT
Cost per meter of new transmission line Unit Qty Unit price US$ Total - US$ Km Total - US$
Area preparation Lump 1 20.00 20.00
Excavation sq mt 10 10.00 100.00
Bed filling and compaction cu mt 4 25.00 100.00
Pipe - supply and installation Mt 1 500.00 500.00
Filling back cu mt 5 15.00 75.00
Reinforced concrete culvert– broken cu mt 0.1 280.00 28.00
down on the pipeline
Total 823.00
Contingency and overheads 20% 164.60
987.60 25 500.00 25 183 800.00
ANNEX 5B_Solution MSRF-Type A: replacing of the 36” existing pipe + realization of a 3.2 MGD reservoir in town at Morison farm +
Double pipe to Paynesville reservoir
SOLUTION MSRF-TYPE A
NEW PIPELINE REPLACEMENT AND MONUT SOUTH RESERVOIR IN MORISON FARM WITH CONNECTION PIPELINE TO PAYNESVILLE
Pipe - supply and installation mt 1 500.00 500.00 12 000 000.00
Reinforced concrete culvert – broken cu mt 0.1 280.00 28.00
Total 823.00
987.60 28 500.00 28 146 600.00
New reservoir 3.2MG=12kmc Lump 1 7 000 000.00 7 000 000.00 7 000 000.00
Connection to Paynesville pipeline mt 5 000.00 150.00 750 000.00 750 000.00
Grand total 35 896 600.00
ANNEX 5C_Solution MSRF-Type B: replacing of the 36” existing pipe + realization of a 3.2 MGD reservoir in town at Morison farm +
booster to Paynesville reservoir
SOLUTION MSRF-TYPE B
NEW PIPELINE REPLACEMENT AND MONUT SOUTH RESERVOIR IN MORISON FARM WITH BOOSTER AT THE CONNECTION PIPELINE TO
PAYNESVILLE
Pipe - supply and installation mt 1 500.00 500.00 12 000 000.00
Reinforced concrete culvert– broken cu mt 0.1 280.00 28.00
Total 823.00
987.60 28 500.00 28 146 600.00
New reservoir 3.2MG=12kmc Lump 1 7 000 000.00 7 000 000.00 7 000 000.00
Supply and installation of a Booster with Lump 1 150 000.00 150 000.00 150 00.00
its appurtenances
Grand total 35 296 600.00
ANNEX 5D_ Photovoltaic plant
SOLUTION PV
PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT AT WHITE
PLAINS WATER TREATMENT PLANT
Unit Qty Unit price - US$ Total - US$
Supply and installation of solar panel kW 1 600.00 1 060.00 1 696 000.00
for an overall Peak Power of 1 MW
General electric connections - inverters Lump 1.00 350 000.00 350 000.00
– accumulators
Complementary works - preparation, Lump 1.00 500 000.00 500 000.00
supports, connections
Total 2 546 000.00
Contingency and overheads 20% 509 200.00
3 055 200.00
ANNEX 5E_Possible combined solutions
POSSIBLE COMBINED SOLUTIONS PRELIMINARY EVALUATED COST - ROUNDED - USD

USD
B 25 183 800.00 25 200 000.00
B+PV 28 239 000.00 28 300 000.00
MSRF-Type A 35 896 600.00 35 900 000.00
MSRF-Type A+PV 38 951 800.00 39 000 000.00
MSRF-Type B 35 296 600.00 35 300 000.00
MSRF-Type B+PV 38 351 800.00 38 400 000.00

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Consulting Services for a Detailed Feasibility Study

Report, Detailed Design Report, Environmental/Social

Address: 10 Philpot Lane,

Project Code: File name: Date: SARI Consulting Ltd 1 Page

Summary table of the presented options ................................................................................. 51

Location of the site tests ....................................................................................................... 130

Project Code: File name: Date: SARI Consulting Ltd 3 Page

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

MEASURES AND ABBREVIATIONS

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CONSULTING SERVICES FOR A DETAILED FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT, DETAILED

DETAILED FEASIBILITY STUDY

Quality Assurance Statement

Client: Prepared by:

SARI Consulting Ltd

Project Code: File name: Date: SARI Consulting Ltd 5 Page

1.1. Introduction to the Consulting Services

OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSIGNMENT:

Scope of the services is summarised as follow:

Replacement of the 36-inch water pipeline from White Plains to Monrovia.

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1.1.2. Scope of Service

Detailed Feasibility Study Report

Detailed Design Report

- The projected path of the new line,

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The design of the project;

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1.2. Contents of the present report

1.3. Anticipation of the assignment provided by the Consultant

ROADWAY PROJECT STA PIPELINE PROJECT STA

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1.3.2. Pre-qualification tender criteria for the construction bidders

For the Lot 1 the following main requirements will be mandatory:

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1.4. Consulted documents

B) Documentation related to the existing 36-inch pipeline:

C) Documentation related to the WTP

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28. Process blocks scheme;

Indicating the following data as priority

PRIORITY DOCUMENTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE SITE VISIT

THE MASTER PLAN STUDY ON URBAN FACILITIES RESTORATION AND

Output-And Performance-Based Road Contract (OPRC)(Road Asset Management Contract) for

PAYNESVILLE RESERVOIR BY HYDROCONSEIL:

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The raw water processing stages consist in:

- 4 Flocculators, 2 based on American Technologies of horizontal drive chains and 2 on

Here below some pictures taken during the site visit.

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Figure 1-2-3-4 WTP

Figure 5 State of road

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Figure 7 actual hydrogram plot

1.6. Communities outlets along pipe

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1.7. Hydraulic findings of the assessment phase

1.7.1. New conduction pipe from the dam to the WTP

Figure 8 Mount Coffee Dam

Project Code: File name: Date: SARI Consulting Ltd 18 Page

1.7.2. White Plains Water Treatment Plant - Location