Hitachi’s Principles for the Ethical Use of AI in its

Social Innovation Business

By Hubert Yoshida posted 03-23-2021 19:08
    
 

2   Li ke

For more than 100 years, Hitachi has focused on developing the social infrastructure that provides
the foundation for nearly every aspect of modern life. Our founding spirit is built on three words that
guide the way we work.
Wa (Harmony): We respect the opinions of others and discuss matters frankly, but also fairly and
impartially.
Makoto (Sincerity): We approach issues openly, honestly and respectfully, in the spirit of true
teamwork.
Kaitakusha-seishin (Pioneering Spirit): We strive to lead in our areas of expertise, promoting the
limitless potential of individuals while pursuing new challenges and higher goals.
These values form the foundation for our decisions and link our group companies around the world
together. We foster a diverse, rewarding culture that drives innovation and inspires others to do the
same.

These guiding principles are as relevant today as they were over 100 years ago even as new
technologies are developed. Hitachi has innovated in many different ways in the two areas of
operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) with the goal of supporting society and
creating a society that lives in safety and comfort. Over the past 20 years, AI as a source of
innovation is increasing and is being applied in a broad spectrum of areas. However, there is a
danger in the use of AI in an unethical way. For instance, AI could be used to profile individuals so
that they are discriminated against. The late Stephen Hawkins even warned that "The development
of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race."

Understanding the possible use of AI in an unethical manner, Hitachi has been supporting risk
evaluation and control measures in various data utilization projects and is working on projects
utilizing data in consideration of the need for privacy protection. Since 1984, Hitachi’s Professional
Engineers Association is one of the largest societies of in-company professional engineers that works
to improve ethical awareness of engineers inside and outside of the company.

Last month, by utilizing the experiences and knowhow mentioned above, leading Hitachi data
scientists and AI researchers took the initiative to formulate the Principles guiding the ethical use of
AI. Hitachi’s Lumada Data Science Lab. Which is the center of numerous advanced Collaborative
Creation projects in the Social Innovation Business, plays a central role in specific operations that
have now begun, including the review of the purposes for utilizing AI, the evaluation of risks involved
in the societal implementation of AI and the development of control measures, using a checklist
developed for the ethical use of AI. In addition, it actively applies Explainable AI (XAI), a technology
for explaining AI functionality, as part of its response measures.
Hitachi has established a standard of conduct required in each of the three stage of planning,
societal implementation, and maintenance and management, and seven items to be observed which
apply to all stages and will utilize AI based on these guiding principles.

Standards of conduct
1. Development and use of AI will be planned for the realization of a sustainable society
It is important to ensure that the reason for using AI in services, solutions or products is appropriate
from the planning stage, in order to suppress the inherent ethical risks in AI while generating new
value. Hitachi will use AI to resolve issues in society, realize a comfortable, resilient and sustainable
society and to improve the quality of life of people around the world.
2. AI will be societally implemented in society with a human-centric perspective
To ensure that decisions made by AI respects the rights of individuals and contributes to the interest
of society, it is important that AI is societally implemented in a responsible manner and ensure its
harmonious co-existence with humans. Hitachi will societally implement AI from a human-centric
perspective according to the principles of freedom, fairness and equity, and endeavor to verify that
it functions as intended.
3. AI will be maintained and managed to provide long-term value
It is important that the AI continues to consistently provide value over the long term after it is
societal implemented. Hitachi will endeavor to maintain and manage the value provided by the AI in
a way it is responsive to and acceptable to societal and environmental changes.

Items to be addressed
1. Safety: AI may potentially cause irreparable harm to humans and society if they are misused or
poorly designed. The development of AI systems must always be responsible and developed toward
optimal sustainability for public benefit. Safety must be a priority in the design and implementation
of AI systems. AI Ethics should strive to avoid individual and societal harms caused by the misuse,
abuse, poor design, or unintended negative consequences of AI systems.

2. Privacy: Massive amounts of personal data are collected, processed, and utilized to develop AI
technologies. Often times, big data is captured and extracted without gaining the proper consent of
the data owner and compromising the privacy of the individual. AI Ethics must not infringe upon the
privacy of individuals. Video can be particularly invasive, so Hitachi has invested in anonymization of
video through pixilation and LIDR

3. Fairness, Equality, and Prevention of discrimination: Machine learning algorithms apply weights

and biases against certain features to spot patterns and make predictions. However that can
introduce unfair discrimination depending on the data and algorithms used. If the data that is used
to predict future job success is based on historical data that is predominately based on white males,
the results are bound to be different from an analysis based on a broader pool of workers. The Data
Ops that goes into Ethical AI must ensure the fairness of the algorithms and data selection.

4. Proper and responsible development and use: The development and use of AI must be done
responsibly, using the highest standards of scientific excellence. Just like the response to the COVID
pandemic, it should be based on the science and not personal biases. Ethical AI should be rooted in
the scientific method and a commitment to open inquiry, intellectual rigor, integrity, and
collaboration

5. Transparency, Explainability and Accountability: To create fair and accountable AI we need

precise regulation and better methods to certify, explain, and audit inscrutable systems. Hitachi’s
Central Research Lab is developing XA, which refers to methods and techniques in the application of
AI technology such that the results of the solution can be understood by human experts such as
regulators, official bodies and general users who come to depend on AI-based dynamic systems and
require clearer accountability to ensure trust and transparency in the results. An example is co-
creation partnership with Sumishin Net Bank and Dayta Consulting to provide a loan screening
service using XAI, to consider social values in the loan approval process and making it
understandable to human loan officers. This enables more loans to be approved for greater
opportunities. XAI provides another layer of ethical trust over the AI loan approval process. Hitachi’s
co-collaboration with customers in the creation process also ensures transparency and
accountability

6. Security: AI and ML require more data, and more complex data, than other technologies and most
of that data and processing is done in the cloud. This presents a host of security vulnerabilities and
issues with AI. That means that all systems, including new AI-powered projects, are built around core
data security principles, including encryption, logging, monitoring, authentication and access
controls. Digital trust must be innate to an AI platform.

7. Compliance: Hitachi will realize AI and its operations that comply with the applicable laws and
regulations of the countries and regions in which the AI is to be used. One of the lesser known areas
covered by GDPR is the “Right to Explanation”.  GDPR Articles 13-15 and 21-22 specifies that when
automated data processing and decision making is applied to a person’s private data he has a right
to receive an explanation of how the decision was made. Automated data processing and decision
systems typically use machine learning or AI. The intent is to force AI to explain its decision so that
citizens can evaluate and correct any wrong or biased decisions and see how their personal data is
used to generate results. AI can no longer be a black Box. Here is a post that I did on GDPR and
Explainable AI