Assignment:

Submitted By:

Muhammad Shahzad

Submitted To:

Dr. kashif Razaq SB

Course Code:

BBAA-607

Course Tittle:

Post-Harvest Technology

Reg No:

2017-uam-552

Semester:

BBA (Agri Business) 7th

MNS University of Agriculture, Multan.

Visit of Fruit and Vegetables Market to
Find the Various Problems /Diseases
/Disorder Existing in Their Respective
Markets With Possible Solutions:
Problems encountered by most of the farmers Associated
to marketing of products including low farm gate price, no
Established market channels, limited access to information
on supply and demand and distribution of vegetables, high
competition of vegetables produced within the province

 Problems identified in
Horticultural marketing:
 Insufficient production and inconsistent supply of local
produce
 High transportation costs poor marketing infrastructure
 High competition with imports, and lack of marketing skills
were the major marketing problems (84.36% contribution).

Horticulture sector is constrained by low crop productivity,

limited irrigation facilities and underdeveloped
infrastructure support like cold storages, markets, roads,
transportation facilities etc. There are heavy post-harvest
and handling losses, resulting in low productivity per unit
area and high cost of production

Supply Chain Issues:

  Un-Economic Scale of operation
 Lack of Consistency in Supply and Quality
 Lack of Cost Competitiveness
 Inadequate and inappropriate Storage and
Distribution infrastructure
 Lack of Technical Support

Fruit is relatively trouble-free, there are some

common problems you may face when planting
and growing the fruit. Common problems:
Poor drainage
Late frost
Pests
Diseases

Poor drainage:
More fruit bushes and trees are lost due to poor
drainage than any other reason. This is where the
roots of the tree are saturated with water because the
soil is waterlogged. Poor drainage is often an inherent
problem in our soil, and usually happens if you have a
heavy, clay soil. Certain factors can increase the
incidence of poor drainage.
 Pests:
Pests will always be a problem, whatever you grow,
but it shouldn’t put you off growing fruit. Simple
planting techniques can ward them off your crop and
encouraging natural predators can make a difference
to the pest population.
Common pests include:

 Birds – cover fruits with netting or use a bird-scaring

device
 Aphids – plant flowers that attract ladybirds,
lacewings and hoverflies who will eat them
 Apple sawfly, winter moth, codling moth – keep
infested areas clean and remove and burn affected
leaves and fruit
 Raspberry beetles, big bud mite – hoe around the
base of plants in the winter to dig up any pupae in the
soil and remove and burn infested areas
 Red spider mite – regularly mist the crop with water to
deter them
 Slugs – attract hedgehogs and frogs, who will eat
them
Late frost
Many fruit bushes and trees flower in the early spring.
This can be as early as April, when there is still the
danger of a frost. If frost occurs, the flowers on your
 bush or tree could die, and you won’t have any fruit
for that year.

Disease
Diseases can also attack your fruit bushes and trees,
leading to poor harvests and even death of the plant.
Again, maintain regular hygiene by removing fallen
leaves and fruit, and snipping off infected parts of the
plant.
Common diseases of fruit bushes and trees
include:

 Apple canker
 Apple scab
 Bacterial canker
 Brown rot
 Grey Mould
 Peach leaf curl
 Pear rust
 Powdery mildews
 Silver leaf
 Strawberry black eye
Weeds
Weeds can be Eracted by thoroughly digging the
ground before planting and removing every trace of
weed roots.
Solutions:
 National agricultural Programme areas:
Nutrition, food safety and quality animal production
and protection natural resources and
sustainable agricultural systems and crop production
and protection.
 Improvement in Market Access
 Infrastructure
 Targeted Products
 Entry Free Market